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Image: A Tesla Model S with a Chevrolet V8 engine　insideEVs

"You’re riding a Mazda, no wonder you’re stuck in traffic."

In 1997, Leung Ka Fai smiled scornfully at the black boss who was 11 minutes late for the meeting in "Black Gold". In the carefree era of simple gasoline, car brands have clear hierarchies and clear seating arrangements. "We are all Mercedes-Benz and Rolls-Royce," and "you are in a Mazda, you are not qualified to hold this meeting at all."

No one would have imagined that 20 years later, when Mercedes-Benz and Rolls-Royce had followed suit with electric vehicles, the last holdout of internal combustion engine cars turned out to be that cheap, friendly, and naturally anti-bone Japanese company.

The "Mazda traffic jam" meme that was spawned in a few words back then became a classic self-deprecation that fans would enjoy in the future, and also engraved the lingering image brand of this Japanese brand. Call it niche, it is not rare to be reclusive; call it a big name, and it has indeed deviated from the mainstream for a long time. When people talk about Mazda, the impression in their minds is mostly like this.

In the 2010s, the whole world was engaged in small-displacement and turbocharging, and only Mazda insisted on tapping the potential of natural intake engines to the end; in the 2020s, when the world was engaged in electrification and hybrid power, Mazda was making a difficult-to-understand "thin compression ignition" engine. Also under the earthy and strange name "Chuangchi Blue Sky" – who doesn’t know that electric is environmentally friendly and electricity can use blue sky. Today, how can you save fuel when you make a gasoline car? Are you not afraid that everyone will not even have the interest to watch 5 minutes of popular science?

Only those friends who learn internal combustion engines will excitedly pat their resumes and tell you that the blue sky that Mazda has created is the ultimate fantasy that human gasoline civilization has never realized in a hundred years.

Don’t shake your head and say "I don’t understand, I don’t understand" when you hear the word "engine". In fact, most of the so-called "black technology" technologies,If you can’t explain it to ordinary people in plain language, it’s usually not your problem, it’s my problem.

Fantasy Prequel: Ultimate Compression

Whether you pay attention to automotive products or not, it’s hard to avoid the word "turbo".

About a decade ago, small-displacement turbocharged engines became rapidly popular and became the first choice for major automotive brands.It is said that electrification is the "big trend" today, so the "big trend" ten years ago was the small-displacement turbine.Ten years later, looking at today’s civilian car market, it’s hard to buy a naturally aspirated model without a turbo.

Mazda, almost the last remaining retrograde, is used by the whole series　Skyactiv-G series natural intake engine…(Mazda has a Skyactiv-G 2.5T turbocharged engine in the US market as a special case, which will not be discussed in this article due to space limitations.)

Insert a vernacular explanation of turbocharging:

The so-called turbocharging is to install a turbine in the exhaust path of the engine. The exhaust energy discharged by the engine drives the turbine to rotate, and the turbine is coaxially connected to an intake impeller. The rotation of the impeller will generate pressure to force the outside fresh air into the cylinder(So a supercharged engine is also called "forced intake", which corresponds to non-supercharged natural intake)…

The power output of an internal combustion engine depends on the amount of air involved in combustion(Increasing fuel injection is not difficult.)Turbocharging provides more abundant intake without changing the physical displacement, so turbocharging can often significantly enhance power.

With turbocharging, the engine displacement required by the vehicle can be reduced. For example, the original need for 2.0L naturally aspirated is now 1.4L + turbocharged(1.4T)That’s enough. And a moderately small displacement will make the efficient operation range of the engine closer to the daily car working conditions(Please note that adding turbines does not improve engine efficiency.)The daily energy consumption and emissions naturally decreased. On the other hand, because of the turbine as a guarantee of air intake, the turbocharged engine can often output peak torque at low speed, which is known as "low torsion strength", which is beneficial for urban driving.

However, there is no free lunch in the world, and no technology will have all the advantages. Small-displacement turbo engines are all kinds of good, and they must have their disadvantages. The most obvious of them is calledTurbo lag.

The throttle (dotted line) is stepped down, but the power (solid line) will not come until a few tenths of a second

The turbocharger is driven by exhaust energy. When the engine is running at low load, the exhaust energy is insufficient, and the turbocharging effect is not obvious or effective. However, when the accelerator is suddenly stepped on to try to accelerate, the engine load increases, the exhaust energy increases, the drive turbine accelerates, and the intake air volume increases. This is a process that requires a certain amount of time.

First, the engine has to "work hard" to generate more exhaust to drive the turbine, and then the rotating turbine rotates with the intake impeller, and the impeller can "pump" the engine. Therefore, it is difficult for a turbocharged engine to have the kind of linear dynamic response of "stepping on and on" compared with a naturally aspirated engine.

The time interval between pressing the accelerator and the time the turbocharger builds up pressure and power is calledTurbo Hysteresis(Turbo lags)This was an objective phenomenon that could only be weakened and could not be completely eliminated. Of course, with the development of turbocharged engines today, there were many technical means to reduce the lag. Nowadays, excellent turbochargers could weaken the turbo lag to the point that it was hard to detect in daily life.

And Mazda said, "No, I couldn’t stand a little delay," and that led to Skyactiv-G.

In 2010 – just as the wind and rain of the small-displacement turbine era was approaching, Mazda proposed the Skyactiv to create a blue sky plan, the core of which was to develop the high-efficiency naturally aspirated engine Skyactiv-G. The ready-made road of adding turbines and reducing emissions, Mazda did not go, but rather went to the ceiling of the existing naturally aspirated technology.(Mazda’s first-generation Skyactiv engine also includes the diesel engine Skyactiv-D. Since diesel vehicles have little to do with China, this article only targets the gasoline engine Skyactiv-G.)

The first metric of Skyactiv-G is thermal efficiency. Yes, it is the "20% to 30%" that the internal combustion engine is often ridiculed. The small-displacement turbine trend is precisely to cope with environmental regulations, so Mazda has to use natural intake engines to do the small-displacement turbine thing, and the first thing is to reduce energy consumption and emissions.

The answer sheet Mazda handed in in 2012, the Skyactiv-G engine, has 37% maximum thermal efficiency and 60kW/L power(US EPA data, Skyactiv-G 2.0L, 2014)Without today’s popular 48V motors, without any hybrids, and without sacrificing drivability and power, the Skyactiv-G achieved a maximum thermal efficiency of 37% solely by optimizing the gasoline combustion process. As one of the earliest modern high-efficiency engines, many of the indicators of the Skyactiv-G were not surpassed by major manufacturers such as Toyota until a few years later.

(In addition to the highest thermal efficiency, pay attention to the high-efficiency range indicated in green, the lower two graphs obviously have a wider area)

Now you can buy the most thermally efficient gasoline engine, which is 40% of the Dynamic Force series engine under the Toyota TNGA architecture, and the version for the gasoline-electric hybrid system can reach 41%, while the liter power also reaches 60kW/L(Efficiency does not come at the expense of motivation.)Although the thermal efficiency is already higher than that of the Mazda Skyactiv-G, it should be known that Mazda is five years earlier after all.

Today, while Skyactiv-G is still advanced, many technologies are not new.

The most direct way to improve combustion efficiency is to increase the compression ratio of the engine. Roughly understood, the compression ratio is the ratio of the minimum volume of the engine piston when it moves to the top dead center and the maximum volume when it moves to the bottom to the point. Usually, the compression ratio of gasoline engines is around 10:1, and it is rare to exceed 11:1. Engines that focus on power performance will use a smaller compression ratio; engines that emphasize low energy consumption and high efficiency will use a larger compression ratio.

[Compression ratio = (A + B)/A]

The difficulty of improving the compression ratio is to faceknockKnock means that the fuel in the cylinder is ignited in advance under high temperature and high pressure during the process of upward compression of the engine piston. Sudden accidental deflagration of fuel that does not follow the law of piston movement will seriously damage the internal structure of the engine until it is scrapped, which is a very dangerous phenomenon.

One of the means of suppressing knock is to reduce the residual last combustion exhaust gas in the cylinder. To suppress knock and improve the compression ratio, Skyactiv-G uses a unique 4-2-1 exhaust manifold. That is, the four exhaust manifolds of the four cylinders are first merged into two and then combined into one. The exhaust path is longer, the ignition is farther apart from the adjacent cylinders, and the exhaust pulses of the adjacent ignition cylinders will not interfere with each other, so that the exhaust valve can be opened for a longer time, and the exhaust gas and residue can be drained as much as possible.

The special exhaust manifold, together with other measures, allows Skyactiv-G to achieve an amazing 14:1 compression ratio(Domestic oil problems reduced to 13.1:1).This was the highest compression ratio of any production gasoline engine until it was broken by Mazda’s next-generation engine, the Skyactiv-X. Five years later, the 40% thermal efficiency of Toyota’s Dynamic Force engine had a compression ratio of "no more" than 13:1.

In order to meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the small-displacement turbine is to bring the engine’s efficiency zone closer to the daily use conditions. Mazda, on the other hand, chose hard and rigid: I just want to make the hard index of thermal efficiency. With the first generation of Skyactiv series engines, Mazda has not only survived but also established a place in the eyes of others in the ever-tightening and more favorable emissions regulations of small-displacement turbines. In spite of the trend of getting smaller and smaller in the land.

Fortunately, the high-compression-ratio self-priming Skyactiv-G is just the beginning.

Ideal Burning: Magic Reality

No company that stands still can survive, especially for those who are on the wrong side of the road.

The first generation of Skyactiv-G went into production in 2012. What has Mazda been doing over the years? Busy developing the second generation Skyactiv –Skyactiv-X is the highlight of this article.If according to plan, the Skyactiv-X engine, which has just been put into production overseas, should be launched in China within 2020.

The first generation Skyactiv was actually divided into gasoline engine Skyactiv-G and diesel engine Skyactiv-D, while the second generation Skyactiv gave up diesel engines and focused on gasoline engines. The suffix "X" seemed to represent the intersection of gasoline and diesel technologies: the core of Skyactiv-X can be attributed to"Burn gasoline in the way of a diesel engine"…

We know that due to the different characteristics of gasoline and diesel,steamThe oil engine uses spark plug ignition, that is, ignition type; the diesel engine does not need ignition compression and ignition, that is, compression ignition type.For a hundred years, gasoline has been ignited and diesel has been pressed to ignite, as if one plus one equals two.

(Ignition and compression)

Old drivers all know that diesel cars save fuel, and the compression ignition of diesel engines has more advantages in terms of thermal efficiency. The principle is actually very easy to understand: spark plug ignition, the flame should spread from the center spark plug to all directions, and gradually ignite all the fuel mixture in the entire cylinder. The process of combustion propagation takes a while.

But in the process of burning and doing work, the engine will not stop waiting for you to burn, and the piston is always moving up and down at high speed. When the combustion is not completely over, the piston has already started to move down, which means that there is a part of the burned energy behind that does not really act on the piston to go down, which is equivalent to this part of the energy being wasted. It’s like when we pedal a bicycle, our feet accidentally step on the air, and your legs obviously do work, but they are not really used for the bicycle to move forward, which is equivalent to this part of the energy being wasted.

(Compression and ignition work is more concentrated in the time dimension, and the efficiency of work is higher)

In contrast, diesel engines use compression ignition. The fuel mixture is evenly distributed in the cylinder, so when the piston goes up to meet the required conditions for compression ignition, combustion will occur at multiple points and simultaneously throughout the cylinder. The combustion energy is released in an instant, the work time is shorter, and the peak value is higher. And the combustion of fuel throughout the cylinder is more uniform. There will be more of the fuel energy(Compared to ignited)When used to push the piston to do work, the thermal efficiency will naturally be higher.

Mazda Skyactiv-X, the world’s first and only compression-ignition gasoline engine.

("Gasoline cars, diesel cannot be added")

How did Mazda achieve this magical reality by turning a gasoline engine into a "diesel engine"? The core technology of Skyactiv-X is called SPCCI spark plug controlled compression ignitionSpark Controlled Compression Ignition…

If you are too lazy to look down, make a simple and rough point:

(SPCCI: Thin Compression – Spark Plug Recompression – Compression and Ignition Achieved)

Thin Temptation

In the cutting-edge research field of internal combustion engines, there is an ideal combustion state calledlean burn…

Thin combustion, how is it considered thin? According to the oxygen content in the air and the combustion chemistry formula, people calculate the air/fuel mixture ratio required for full combustion(Air-fuel ratio), should be 14.7:1Therefore, in theory, only when the air-fuel ratio is greater than or equal to 14.7 can the fuel be completely burned out, and the chemical energy in it can be fully releasedWhen the air-fuel ratio is greater than or equal to 14.7, it can be considered a lean mixture, so lean combustion is an ideal combustion.

However, gasoline cars have been developed for a hundred years, and they have almost never achieved the ideal air-fuel ratio. You have seen so many cars running on the road, none of them can achieve the air-fuel ratio of 14.7, and none of them can provide enough air for gasoline to fully burn.

There’s certainly a reason for this. Today’s gasoline engines have an air-fuel ratio of excess fuel. Because while this will lead to insufficient combustion, wasted fuel and increased emissions, the excess fuel will cool down and help improve power performance. On the other hand, when the air-fuel ratio is really close to 14.7, the oxygen-rich environment created by the thin mixture will lead to nitride(NOx)When pollutants increase significantly, fuel economy has improved, but emissions pollution is unsightly.

Ideal burning, it’s not that I don’t want to, it’s impossible.

Mazda wants to continue to improve the thermal efficiency of the engine, but Skyactiv-G’s method of improving the compression ratio can no longer be counted on. The reason is that according to the theoretical thermal efficiency formula of the internal combustion engine Alto cycle, as the compression ratio increases, the thermal efficiency improvement space will become smaller and smaller, that is, the marginal utility will decrease. Skyactiv-G has achieved a compression ratio of 14:1, and by continuing to improve the compression ratio alone, the improvement of thermal efficiency is limited.

Theoretical formulas give another way out, calledspecific heat ratio, that is, the constant pressure specific heat capacity is compared to the bandwidth evaluation specific heat capacity. Although listening to the profound talk makes people’s heads big, I took some time to think about it and summarize it. In fact, you can understand it this way:If the fuel mixture in the cylinder canMore heat is used to expand it rather than to heat it up, and the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine increases.

Making the mixture thinner can improve the specific heat ratio. Because when there is too much air, more gas does not participate in combustion but will absorb heat, and the combustion temperature will drop; plus the fuel can be fully burned, the energy is more thoroughly used for expansion work. Therefore, the thinner the fuel mixture, the higher the theoretical thermal efficiency will be.

The theory is in place, and the practice is left.

The nitride pollutant mentioned earlier is the first major problem. However, Mazda found in the laboratory after trying a variety of air-fuel mixing ratios: when the air-fuel ratio is equal to and slightly greater than 14.7, it will indeed cause a surge in nitride emissions as common sense; but when the mixture is further increased, the air-fuel ratio reaches 29.4(Twice as much as 14.7)Nitrogen emissions would be reduced to an acceptable level. That is, people used to think that the thin mixture would cause NOx emissions to explode, but Mazda found –That’s because the thin mixture in your house is still not thin enough.

(Red line: when the dilution level exceeds 14.7:1, NOx emissions will decrease again.)

The surprise wasn’t over yet. Mazda also found in the lab that when the dilution level was further increased, the air-fuel ratio was increased to an astonishing 36.8:1, under sufficient pressure, the fuel mixture was spontaneously ignited before the spark plug ignited – that is, gasoline compression ignition was actually completely achievable.

Thin + compression ignitionAt the same time, this is also recognized by the industry as one of the most important development directions for the ultimate internal combustion engine in the future.

Compression Ignition Sensitivity

However, for the next few years, Mazda has been struggling with the problem of "achieving stable compression ignition", pressing it on the ground and rubbing it repeatedly. Of course, it is voluntary. Gasoline compression ignition is indeed feasible – in the laboratory. Although similar to diesel compression ignition, gasoline is ultimately gasoline, chemically more active than diesel, and it is much more difficult to achieve stable and usable compression ignition.

First of all, compression ignition has extremely strict requirements on the operating conditions of the engine. Only when the engine load and speed meet a small specific range at the same time can a stable compression ignition be maintained. Secondly, compression ignition is very sensitive to temperature and pressure. At different temperatures and altitudes, whether compression ignition can be achieved or not is almost like fate. Furthermore, the internal environment of the combustion chamber also affects the success or failure of compression ignition: if the temperature is too high, the compression ignition occurs too early and the vibration is serious; if the temperature is too low, the compression ignition is too late to reduce the efficiency…

To achieve stable, usable gasoline compression ignition is like waiting on your fatherIt is not difficult to understand that even if gasoline compression ignition can achieve ultra-high thermal efficiency in the laboratory, it has never been applied to reality by any manufacturer

(Blue: The range of conditions for achieving stable compression ignition is very limited.)

But now that Mazda has ridden the tiger, it must be too late to go down. Even if it goes down, there is no other way out, only to bite the bullet and just face it. Finally, the engineers came up with a solution:Use the method of "betrayal" compression ignition to achieve compression ignition.

Since compression ignition cannot cover all the working conditions of the engine, the compression ignition engine will not completely abandon the spark plug, and can still be ignited when some of the compression ignition cannot be achieved. The reason for the instability of compression ignition is nothing more than temperature and pressure. Temperature is difficult to control accurately in real time, but pressure is possible, for example – ignite with a spark plug?

When the pressure in the cylinder does not meet the compression ignition conditions, the spark plug implements a small range of limited ignition in advance, so that the pressure in the cylinder increases instantaneously, and then most of the unburned mixture in the cylinder can be ignited. As long as the ignition of the spark plug can be precisely controlled, the pressure in the cylinder can be precisely controlled, and a wider range of stable compression ignition can be achieved.

Is it compression? Yes. What about spark plugs? Also used.This is the core technology of Skyactiv-X, which is calledSpark plug controlled compression ignition SPCCI.

(CI is compression ignition, SI is ignition, and SPCCI is spark plug controlled compression ignition)

The basic principle doesn’t sound complicated, but if you really want to achieve precise control, it becomes "easy to sound but hard to do". Because Skyactiv-X has both ignition and compression ignition modes, of which compression ignition mode(SPCCI)It is also necessary to judge the timing and degree of intervention of the spark plug. Finally, the general combustion strategy of Skyactiv-X-ray is as many as three layers. Under different engine load and speed combinations, different air-fuel ratios, fuel injection volumes and combustion methods are used. For example, when starting and accelerating, spark plugs are directly used to ignite; when cruising at medium and high speeds, different degrees of SPCCI compression are required.

Since Skyactiv-X is already a lean-burn engine, many aspects cannot be considered in terms of conventional engines in the past. For example, the compression ratio mentioned earlier. To make the ultra-lean mixture spontaneously ignite with only compressed energy, the compression ratio must be much higher than that of previous ignition gasoline engines. The previous generation Skyactiv-G compression ratio of 14:1 was already the world’s first, and　Skyactiv-X achieved an amazing 16:1!Also, don’t forget that SPCCI also has spark plug ignition pressurization for recompression, so the actual compression ratio can sometimes be higher than the physical compression ratio of 16:1.

With compression ratios so high, knock risk naturally needs to be taken seriously. Mazda’s solution is to use up to 1000bar(3 to 4 times that of a conventional gasoline engine)Ultra-high pressure fuel pump, the fuel injection process is carried out in multiple installments. In ordinary gasoline engines, during the compression process after fuel injection, the mixture absorbs heat and heats up, which is a prerequisite for detonation. Therefore, Skyactiv-X only sprays a small amount of fuel during the initial injection before compression. At this time, the mixture is too thin to form a knock; when the compression is carried out to the middle and enough fuel is injected, the fuel will be ignited before it has time to absorb heat and heat up, so the risk of knock is reduced.

The maximum thermal efficiency "target" of Skyactiv-X will reach 44%.(Because there is no third-party measurement, we can only say "target")This is the pure thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine without the help of hybrid power, and the hot topic efficiency does not come at the expense of driving power

According to Mazda’s own data, at an economical speed of 2,000 rpm, the ultra-lean-burning Skyactiv-X engine can outperform its predecessor(Skyactiv-G)20% fuel savings. Not only is the maximum thermal efficiency improved, but the Skyactiv-X’s high-efficiency operating area has been greatly expanded, which means that the actual overall thermal efficiency will also be significantly improved. In terms of power, thanks to the high compression ratio of up to 16:1, the Skyactiv-X’s low-speed torque has been increased by 10-30%.(Similar to the characteristics of a diesel engine with high torque)The maximum power has increased by 14% compared to the previous generation.

(Skyactiv-X not only increases the maximum thermal efficiency, but also expands the high efficiency range.)

As a new concept engine that has just been put into use, the Skyactiv-X certainly has some questions that need time to test. On the one hand, there is no answer to the adaptability of domestic oil products; on the other hand, the long-term reliability of engine control compression ignition has yet to be verified. In addition, whether the control of compression ignition timing really guarantees NVH(Vibration and noise)The performance is not inferior to that of ordinary gasoline cars of the same level, and the answer will not be available until the arrival of the Skyactiv-X.

However, at least, the European market, which began delivering Skyactiv-X models in the second half of last year, has more acceptance of the new engine than Mazda expected. CEO Yasuhiro Aoyama told Automotive News Europe last year that 60% and 45% of orders for the two main European models, the Mazda 3 and the CX-30, respectively, chose the more expensive Skyactiv-X engine. In Germany, for example, the Skyactiv-X version of the Mazda3 starts at 26,290 euros, while the original Skyactiv-G engine is only 23,790 euros.

44% is not the end of the internal combustion engine. After the Skyactiv-X, Mazda is developing the third generation of the Skyactiv-3. After the Skyactiv-X has overcome lean compression ignition, the focus of the next generation of Skyactiv-3 is rumored to include auxiliary combustion chamber and adiabatic combustion technology.Skyactiv-3 ofThe target is the previous generation(Skyacitv-X)Increase the thermal efficiency by 27% and 56% on the basis of(Pure internal combustion engine efficiency)If 48V micro-hybrid technology is added, the thermal efficiency may approach 60%.

Thermal efficiency of 50 to 60%, compared with 80 to 90% of the energy conversion efficiency of electric vehicles, it still seems awesome? But if you factor in the power generation and conduction efficiency of power plants, consider the emissions from lithium battery production and recycling, and consider the advantages of fuel vehicles such as battery life, energy replenishment speed, and no battery attenuation(It’s not a hybrid)With a thermal efficiency of 50 to 60%, how much advantage can pure electric vehicles still have?

Dongying BMW, apply for regularization?

Skyactiv-X has been delivered overseas for less than a year, and it will have to wait until the second half of 2020 in China. But by then, Mazda, which has solved the technical problem, will face a problem that cannot be solved by technology, price.

The cost and pricing of the Mazda Skyactiv-G models currently on sale have been significantly high, which has indirectly led to Mazda gradually moving away from the mainstream in China in recent years and becoming a second-tier brand. The Mazda 3 with Skyactiv-X compression ignition engine(Domestic Onxella)The expected price after domestic production may approach 200,000 yuan. For a brand like Mazda and a family car like Ma 3, this is too high in any case.

The advanced and efficient engine developed at such a high cost does not seem to match Mazda’s current brand positioning. Or, in other words, it should not be the business of a small, Volkswagen-oriented car brand like Mazda.

In March 2019, Mazda announced its last annual financial report as usual, one of which made the industry jaw drop: Mazda is developing an inline six cylinder(At least 3.0L large displacement)Skyactiv-X engine, and a vertical straight six for rear-drive cars. Among them, the words "brand high-end" are also mentioned(Brand value improvement)…

Straight six, vertical, rear drive, this is the standard BMW formula! And Mazda, which relatively emphasizes driving control among Japanese brands, is also known as "Dongying BMW". When the German BMW began to switch to four cylinders and front drive, the "Japanese BMW" was going to "turn positive" instead?

(The concept car Vision Coupe will be the prototype of the new Horse 6.)

Mazda’s high-end plans are not groundless, let alone mouth-watering. In the following months, patents have poured in for Mazda’s new straight-six Skyactiv-X engine, front-rear-drive chassis, and longitudinal 8-speed automatic transmission. Mazda also announced not long ago that it will focus on developing a new generation of Mazda 6, and will not launch any other new models until 2022. Rumors are basically solid: the new 6 will move from the current horizontal front-drive "grocery car" to a high-end sports vertical rear-drive car, and there may even be a new two-door sports car as a successor to the RX-8.

It is inevitable that the brand that "no wonder there is a traffic jam in Mazda" back then plans to wrestle with Mercedes-Benz and BMW now, which will inevitably surprise people. But when you think about it carefully, the cooperative relationship between Mazda and Toyota has actually vaguely laid a protective net for the former’s high-end.

In 2017, Toyota and Mazda reached a cross-shareholding agreement, and Toyota acquired about 5% of Mazda’s shares. The two sides cooperate fully in the field of production and manufacturing. In 2019, Japanese media revealed that Toyota is planning to equip its Lexus brand’s high-end models with the inline-six engine under development by Mazda. At this time, Mazda’s six-cylinder rear-drive patents are flying, and Toyota has just launched a new sports car with BMW’s straight-six engine Supra. So if Toyota only plans to acquire high-performance engines from other companies in the future, its Japanese partner Mazda will always be more suitable than BMW.

With Toyota and Lexus as "guarantee" measures, Mazda can more easily invest in high-end technologies such as the straight-six Skyactiv-X engine and the front-rear-drive platform, without having to worry too much about the early stage of the high-end experiment. Of course, the hidden danger and challenge is how to differentiate between the high-end Mazda and Lexus to avoid internal competition between the two partners.

Not one person, more than one machine

Mazda is one of the most determined in the gasoline engine route, but it is not the only one. Several other Japanese automakers are also developing the ultimate internal combustion engine technology of the future in addition to electrification. For example, Toyota and Honda are optimistic about the secondary combustion chamber technology, which is a low-cost way to increase thermal efficiency. Nissan has also carried out pre-research in the lean combustion field after implementing the VC-Turbo engine with variable compression ratio.

But only Mazda has focused most of its energy on the Skyactiv series of high-efficiency internal combustion engines. It is not so much that Mazda has more feelings and technology for internal combustion engines, but that Mazda ships are small and easy to turn around – it is almost impossible for a giant like Toyota to be so desperate. So only Mazda is on this road that no one dares to go, one way to the dark.

(Mazda’s forecast for the future sees internal combustion engines and hybrids remaining mainstream until 2035.)

However, don’t think that if we talk about the internal combustion engine for a long time, it means that the electric car is out of the question. When the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine develops to 50-60%, it basically reaches the theoretical limit. But for electric vehicles, the main factor that really limits their environmental protection in the long run is actually the proportion of sustainable energy in the entire power grid.

The thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines can see the limit, and there is still a lot of room for improvement in the proportion of sustainable energy. Although current power generation(Especially at home)The majority of electricity is still generated by heat, but the proportion of electricity generated by sustainable clean energy will increase. It is impossible for fuel vehicles to save energy and reduce emissions as the grid becomes cleaner, but electric vehicles can. For every new wind turbine and a new photovoltaic panel erected on the earth, your electric car is cleaner by one point, and your fuel car has nothing to do with it.

However, this process may be slower and more complicated than some people imagine. If you look at the distant future, 100% of electric vehicles will replace internal combustion engine vehicles; but if you want to talk about the present and the near future, continue to improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines, at least it is still a very worthwhile direction to try. Mazda 37% and 44%, Toyota 40% and 41%, are currently the world’s first-class efficient engines. At present, the mainstream family car engines on the market have a maximum thermal efficiency of only about 30%, and the overall thermal efficiency is only about 20%. There is at least more than half the room for improvement.

Entering the 2020s, when gasoline is ready to burn, why don’t you work hard?

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　　　 "Andy Lau’s Unforgettable World Tour" came to the 80,000-person stadium in Shanghai; nearly 80,000 enthusiastic fans not only paralyzed Shanghai’s traffic, but also caused long queues in surrounding restaurants and shops to multiply. The last concert in Ningbo on May 4 forced some companies near the stadium to leave work early to avoid traffic congestion, which became an exception for employees to leave work early except for long holidays such as the Spring Festival.

　　　 On May 7, the scene of tens of thousands of people crowding outside the 80,000-person stadium in Shanghai began at 3:00 pm. Nearly 80,000 people not only exploded the stadium, but also sang the stadium. At 7:45, when the conference announced the official start of "Andy Lau’s Unforgettable World Tour Concert", the audience was full of joy. The surging mood that had been waiting for a long time broke out when Andy Wai appeared from the top of the stage in a white suit. The dazzling LED that was nearly 100 meters and almost the same size as the stage shocked the audience, and everyone was shocked by the momentum of the integration under the stage. Everyone screamed frantically and took out their cameras and mobile phones to rush to shoot, so that Andy Lau, who had sung "Lone Star Tears", "Providence", and "Thank You for Your Love", couldn’t help but say, "Please put down your mobile phones, how can there be applause without hands? Artists need applause the most." As soon as he finished speaking, applause and screams rang out like thunder.　

　　　 Seeing the enthusiasm of the fans 80,000 the scene, Andy also randomly divided the scene into left and right sides, conducting the chorus PK competition of "Forgetting Love Water" and "Love You for 10,000 Years". After singing on the right, singing on the left, tens of thousands of spectators on both sides sang in a chorus. The enthusiasm of the audience moved Andy for his consistent support for the past 30 years. Finally, tears burst when singing the encore, and the audience in the audience followed suit. The nearly two and a half hours of thunderous Shanghai concert ended in this touching and joyous atmosphere.

More great pictures on the next page!

　　With the strong recovery of the performance market, large-scale concerts have blossomed everywhere this year. While fans are hooked, they are also plagued by scalpers’ ticket speculation.

　　To this end, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Ministry of Public Security issued a notice in September this year that large-scale commercial performances with more than 5,000 people require a strong real-name system for purchasing tickets, that is, only one ticket can be purchased per ID document for each performance, and the identity information of the ticket buyer and the attendee must be consistent and cannot be transferred. This effectively controls the situation of scalpers scalping concert tickets.

　　At the same time, many netizens reported that it was still a bit difficult to watch concerts, and even some concerts and shows were more difficult to grab than before.

　　Tickets for top artists are still hard to grab, and the speed is "unrealistic"

　　In October this year, the Shanghai station of Jay Chou’s concert fired the first shot in the "ticket defense battle": the concert implemented a strong real-name policy for the first time, and tickets could not be transferred or resold after purchase. The effect of the tough policy was immediate – a few days before the concert started, scalpers had to cut meat in order to reduce losses, and accepted a 20% compensation.

　　After Jay Chou’s concert in Shanghai, other artists began to force real-name ticket purchases one after another, effectively controlling scalpers’ reselling of concert tickets. This made many fans applaud, saying that they could finally grab tickets quickly on the ticketing website, and some shows didn’t even need to be grabbed, "you can buy tickets at a leisurely pace"; some artists even sold tickets at a discount, which was cheaper than the price.

　　But at the same time, it is still difficult to grab tickets for top artists after the real-name system. On November 18, CCTV held an online survey on "Is it easier to grab tickets after the real-name system for concerts?" 34,000 of the 61,000 who participated in the poll chose "’Monks have more than porridge,’ it is still a little difficult," and only 7,581 chose "It is much easier than before." This shows that after the strong real-name system, it is still difficult to buy tickets for concerts.

　　Tickets for these concerts are difficult to grab, mainly because there are too many people who want to see them, and the number of tickets is limited. Take Jay Chou’s Carnival Tour Tianjin Station as an example. According to Damai.com, there are 4 rounds of ticket grabbing opportunities for concerts. Nearly 130,000 tickets are released, and more than 5.20 million people are marked "want to see" – the chance of grabbing tickets is very small.

　　Xiao Fei, a veteran performance planner who has planned many large-scale concerts, analyzed in an interview with a reporter from Beijing Youth Daily: "From a positive perspective, it shows that the supply and demand relationship is not balanced, and under the seller’s market, the value of the goods themselves is greater. In layman’s terms, the market appeal of artists is strong, that is, it is difficult to find a vote."

　　There are less professional scalpers for passers-by?

　　In an interview with a reporter from Beiqing Daily, it was found that after the real-name system was strengthened, a new industrial chain emerged: some "scalpers" developed software specially used to grab tickets, and even formed a "thousand people to grab tickets" team. They will bind the customer’s ID information in advance to help grab tickets – if successful, a high fee will be charged; if the ticket is not grabbed, 100% refund will be returned to the customer.

　　The interview found that these robbed in various ways are only "retail scalpers".

　　Mayday fans Nian Nian (pseudonym), who started chasing concerts in 2012, told the Beijing Youth Daily reporter that after the strong real-name system, "institutional scalpers" and ticketing companies began to pay crazy premiums. "The’passer-by scalpers’ that have been boycotted by many people are rare under the strong real-name system, but professional scalpers earn more. Ordinary consumers are also more restricted: I finally found a dozen friends to grab two tickets, but because it is not my information, I can’t transfer them. Ordinary consumers are helpless to grab tickets, but scalpers are’more ways than more difficult ‘."

　　Inside tickets are in demand? Grandstand tickets are 2 to 3 times premium

　　Generally, the price of grabbing tickets ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand yuan, and the more expensive ones are some premium internal tickets, including the so-called "invitation letter" of internal tickets. Shortly after the official announcement of the "TFBOYS Ten Year Appointment" concert in July and August this year, there were media reports that the first row of tickets had been priced by "scalpers" to 200,000 yuan each, and the second and third rows were also 150,000 yuan each. There are even chat records showing that the first five rows of single tickets for the concert were fried to 500,000 yuan, and the price of a first row ticket was 2 million yuan. These internal tickets can be scanned to enter personal names, ID cards and other information, which are displayed in the electronic ticket folder of the official ticketing platform and cannot be transferred. Soon, the organizers announced that there were no invitations to the concert, calling on the public not to believe in "scalpers".

　　Recently, the reporter consulted an online ticketing customer service as a consumer and learned that in the recent Times Youth Troupe Macau concert, the seat with a ticket of 780 yuan reached a maximum of 13,000 yuan, and the seat with a ticket of 2,600 yuan reached a maximum of 26,000 yuan. In the current market, it is normal for ordinary stand tickets to have a 2 to 3 times premium. It seems that the premium for concert tickets for top artists is very serious. Many netizens therefore asked: How did some scalpers and ticketing agencies get these tickets?

　　Meng Lun, a veteran performer, said that although the strong real-name system is currently being implemented smoothly, it is not easy to completely resist "scalpers". There will always be new scalping models in the market. "When the market is hot, there will be various channels to sell tickets to scalpers. Regulators need to adjust their management methods in a timely manner."

　　Some industry insiders have also revealed that the primary ticketing market, which openly snatches tickets, is just one of many channels for the organizers. Some organizers and official ticketing platforms resell some tickets to scalpers at high prices in order to make money, resulting in only a small part of the actual public ticket sales. In this way, it even creates the illusion that the concert is hot and one ticket is hard to find, which facilitates the sale of high-priced tickets in the secondary market.

　　"Out of stock registration" There is a singer behind the concert, and the stands are empty.

　　Falsehoods are always exposed.

　　The audience at the Guangzhou station of Huang Zitao’s 2023 tour concert found that there were still many empty seats in the infield and stands until the concert was about to start. On a ticketing platform, the original price of 2368 yuan for the infield ticket was only 262 yuan, and fans could "upgrade for free". Such "benefits" made the audience who bought tickets at the original price very unbalanced – it turned out that the official ticketing platform had marked "out of stock registration" on all ticket files early on, but now it seems that it is obviously not true. The original two concerts were scheduled, but the organizers later announced that the artist was sick and lost his voice and cancelled the performance on November 17. Tickets for the 18th were sold out except for the two stalls with the lowest price of 368 yuan and 502 yuan. Therefore, some people speculate that the reason for the cancellation of the concert on the 17th may also be related to the poor ticket sales. In addition to the "broken" tickets, the infield seats were vacant and the order was chaotic. Some people even said in Moments that they went in without spending money – because there were too many empty seats at the scene, they went in to help fill the number of people. Some netizens said that they could buy tickets at 9.9 yuan on a certain platform.

　　observe

　　There’s a lot more work to be done.

　　Obviously, the strong real-name system still needs to be improved – although many concerts have begun to implement "one person, one certificate, one face", there are still some organizers who do not strictly enforce it.

　　At the same time, many consumers report the inconvenience caused by the implementation of the strong real-name system: when ordinary consumers need to refund tickets due to some force majeure factors, the platform does not have a comprehensive solution. Not long ago, the Jiangsu Provincial Consumer Protection Committee put forward suggestions on the purchase of tickets under the strong real-name system, believing that the sports and entertainment industry can refer to the railway ticketing mechanism, improve the process of ticket purchase and refund, improve the after-sales services mechanism, and establish a complete "alternate" and "refund" process to avoid the flood of scalpers in the secondary market.

　　Xiaofei believes that the strong real-name system has dealt a great blow to scalpers and effectively promoted the healthy development of the performance market. At the same time, how to balance the real-name system with the normal demand of refund and transfer is also a test for market managers. "The big reason for the organizers’ premium is that they claim that the tickets have been sold out. Whether it is really sold out requires the relevant departments to strengthen supervision and strengthen the crackdown. In the era of big data, I believe this is not difficult to achieve. Looking forward to a more prosperous and orderly performance market, more rational and mature consumers, and more convenient management measures."

　　This reporter, Shou Penghuan, intern, Wang Jiayi

　　Coordinator/Liu Jianghua

　　In the summer when they want to show off their figure, the MMs in the slightly fat world have to complain that they have not lost weight early, and the temperature is high, everyone is unwilling to exercise a lot, and it is difficult to compare the coolness of ice cream and cola, and the action of "losing weight" is far away. Can you only envy those devilish hot bodies? In fact, there is no need, try the most relaxing photo slimming technique of "Meitu Xiuxiu", and there is no pressure to post photos!

　　Meitu Xiuxiu download address:　

　　Let’s take a look at the comparison renderings first:

Figure 1

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　　1. Open the photo to be processed under the software, click the "Face Slimming – Overall Slimming" button under the "Beauty" menu, adjust the slimming degree to 95%, and then click the "Apply" button.

Figure 2

　　2. Click the "Slimming Face Slimming – Partial Slimming" button, adjust the size of the slimming pen, use the slimming pen to slimm the arms, waist and legs of the character, and then click the "Apply" button to easily have a good figure.

Figure 3

　　3. If you follow the first two steps, you have lost weight perfectly. Next, properly beautify the photo tone to make the body more beautiful! Under the "Beautification" menu, select the "Studio-A Bao Color" special effect with 50% transparency, and then choose the 30% "Ice Spirit" special effect.

Figure 4

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Figure 5

　　How about it? Isn’t it amazing that you can have an enviable devil figure in just a few simple steps? Don’t be amazed, MMs, hurry up and try it. In the "Meitu Xiuxiu" software, just enter the "Slimming Face" function of the "Beauty" menu to complete the perfect slimming!

Kaka got married again!

This time, his wife is Brazilian supermodel Carolina, who has been in love for more than two years. Even in her second marriage, Kaka’s state is still young, and she even cried emotionally at the wedding. The bride is wearing a white floor-mopping wedding dress, with exquisite and atmospheric makeup, and a sweet smile throughout the process, looking full of Muse.

The wedding scene brought together 300 invited guests to witness the sacred moment, and the couple danced to the music.

During the wedding, Kaka not only cried emotionally, but also held the supermodel wife tightly in her arms for a long time. The bride also generously wrapped her hands around Kaka’s neck. This scene could only be described as glued together.

Just after the wedding, the bride posted a large number of beautiful pictures on the Internet. The wedding was held on the beach in Itakare. The wedding of the prince and princess was romantic and touching, and the bride and groom were super beautiful.

According to foreign media reports, the Karolina is a famous Brazilian supermodel, this year just 25 years old, and this year 37 years old Kaka difference of 12 years. But even so, can not stop the two sweet love.

Interestingly, the bride’s name was very similar to Kaka’s ex-wife, the former was called Karolina, and the latter was called Caroline. However, this was just a coincidence. Kaka officially broke up with her childhood sweetheart Caroline before falling in love with Caroline.

In 2015, Kaka and his ex-wife Caroline broke up and their marriage of more than nine years came to an end. In August of that year, the two announced their official divorce.

In 2016, Kaka and Karolina met and quickly fell in love.

Just before the new year of 2017, Kaka and his supermodel girlfriend Carolina officially announced their relationship online. The two posted the same photo, admitting that they were dating. The picture shows them sitting by a green lake, hugging and kissing each other, which is simply sweet to others. The new girlfriend has been widely praised by the public for her cheerful personality and sweet smile.

At that time, the foreign media’s press release was unanimous: Kaka has found true love again!

Ever since Kaka and Karolina got together, perhaps under the influence of their girlfriends, they had also become cheerful and happy. None of the couple photos of the two were not full of honey, which could be called a model of showing affection.

Fairy tale love once again played out on Kaka, and in January 2019, Kaka announced his successful marriage proposal online.

It was still an extremely romantic photo, and the background was still sweet and deep kisses. The woman stretched out her palm and showed off a large marriage proposal diamond ring. The palm of her hand read "I agree!", and Kaka wrote: "You made me the happiest man in the world. I promise to marry you home and make you the happiest woman in the world."

Just today, the happy news of Kaka’s remarriage spread all over the world, and many die-hard football fans were very happy and celebrated for him to find true love. After all, at the end of his last marriage, Kaka could be said to have suffered a lot of grievances.

In 2007, Kaka won the Ballon d’Or as an AC Milan player. In an interview, he revealed his love story with his ex-wife Caroline to the media.

The two were childhood sweethearts, but they always insisted on not having any sexual relations before marriage. In his opinion, the faith taught to insist on pure marriage, which troubled him, but followed this teaching. After marriage, Kaka and Caroline were also very sweet at first, and gave birth to a son and a daughter, which made up the word "good".

But as time went by, their love was no longer as pure as before.

2015 was a low point for Kaka’s career, and Caroline, who has lived in the United States for a long time, issued a statement in November of the same year: We would like to inform you that after 9 years of marriage, we have decided to separate. We have two children, and we respect, appreciate and appreciate each other. Thank you for your understanding.

Although the two did not specify the reasons for the breakup, there are media reports that Caroline has always wanted Kaka to leave Europe and develop her fashion career. There are also many contradictions between the two, which have brought a lot of harm to the man. Kaka even admitted to suffering from depression.

After the separation, the ex-wife did not leave completely and once sought to get back together with Kaka. After the two got back together again, they were really unable to live and officially announced their divorce. Later, Caroline’s new boyfriend also publicly sent pictures that insulted Kaka. It really makes people sigh that the love in adolescence may eventually turn into love and murder.

But no matter what, now Kaka has found her true love again and has entered the palace of marriage. In contrast, Karolina is not only young and cute, but also more likable.

Being able to bring joy to each other in love may be the most satisfactory ending. Blessings to the upgraded Kaka couple!

Connecting Xiaomi audio and TV is very simple. According to the information provided, we can use the following steps to connect:

1. Open the APP software of "Xiao Ai Speaker" (also called Xiaomi Audio) in the mobile phone.

2. Select the "Smart Home" option below.

3. Click the "+" symbol at the top right to bind the device.

4. Select the device suitable for your TV type in the menu. If you have a Xiaomi TV, select the "Mijia Platform Device" option.

5. Authorize the external application and click the Next button.

6. Finally, select the device you want to control on the Control Device page, and select Turn on Xiaomi TV here.

The above is how to connect the Xiaomi stereo and TV. Hope it helps you!

　　CCTV News:In the past two days, the teachers of the Broadcasting and Hosting Practice Training Base of the State Administration of Radio and Television walked into some primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Kashgar, Xinjiang, and held a special meeting to promote Putonghua for everyone, sending a New Year greeting to the children.

　　In the No.2 Middle School of Yecheng County, Kashgar, Xinjiang, Hai Xia, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and anchor of CCTV News Network, had a close communication with students and promoted Putonghua through poetry recitation and knowledge quiz.

　　Deliyar Maimaiti Aili, a student of Yecheng No.2 Middle School:I feel very warm when I receive this gift. When I grow up, I will also use my own actions to help others.

　　This activity specially donated books and audio learning tools for children in some primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Yecheng County and Makati County.

　　Zhou Jie, Chairman of the Party Committee Secretary of Haitong Securities, the activity support unit:Driving children to broaden their horizons can change the face of their hometown.

　　It is understood that this activity will also go to many primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Tibet, Yunnan, Jiangxi and Anhui to help local education get rid of poverty.

　　Member Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and Hai Xia, anchor of CCTV News Network of Central Radio and Television General Station:We hope that in the frontier ethnic areas, we will vigorously promote the national common language, help them get rid of poverty, help the future development of frontier ethnic areas, and help our children of all ethnic groups grow together.

　　　　　Recently, at the 14th Shanghai International Film Festival Film Industry Awards Banquet, Mr. Gao Shouzhi, President of Yi En Consulting, delivered a keynote speech entitled "Glory and Dream of China Film" to share three development trends of China film market: further intensification of industrial integration, active integration into global cooperation and new mechanism of film investment and financing environment. In addition, Mr. Gao Shouzhi put forward the concept of "film investment bank" for the first time and formally established and released the business, providing an agent consultant for film projects and funders.

　　　 In the past year, the China film market has accelerated the integration of cross-industry resources, which shows that some non-traditional film industry resources, such as new media companies, local TV stations, newspaper groups and overseas media organizations, have actively invested in the development of China film market through capital and direct opening up of new businesses. In addition, China film market is actively integrating into the global film industry cooperation through co-production and transnational capital operation.

　　　 Zhang Pimin, deputy director of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, mentioned in the opening speech of the Shanghai Film Festival that the development trend of China’s film industry has met the conditions for establishing a new system of film investment and financing, and encouraged financial institutions to increase financial support for film enterprises and improve the financing environment. According to the data of Yien Consulting, in 2010, the cost of domestic film production rose, and several large-scale productions with investment exceeding 100 million appeared. However, as far as the overall financing environment is concerned, there are still many problems to be solved urgently. The main reasons for the imperfect film financing environment in China are the lack of guarantee mechanism for finished films, the lack of intermediary service agencies and the imperfect overseas copyright pre-sale channels. Banks, film funds, cultural industry investment funds, property rights exchanges and other financial institutions also suffer from the lack of a sound risk control mechanism and the inability to quickly connect projects and face the bottleneck of film investment.

　　　 Under this background, Yi En Consulting, as a leading domestic entertainment industry research institution, officially launched the film investment banking service and played the role of a third-party institutional platform. It will rely on enbase’s powerful box office statistics database, combine Yi En’s experience with overseas box office forecasting models and risk assessment systems, and form a powerful expert advisory group to provide comprehensive services for the project from early positioning and packaging, risk assessment and post-development research, and provide professional agency consulting services for financial investment institutions and film project parties, and build an investment and financing platform.

　　　 At present, the film investment banking services of Yi En Consulting are still developing, and the number of partners is gradually increasing. Two banks, three law firms, a film-finishing guarantee institution, two copyright exchanges and four financial investment institutions have reached preliminary cooperation agreements with Yien Consulting. Yi En Consulting welcomes more film investment institutions to join in and make their own contribution to promoting the healthy development of China’s film financing market and improving China’s film industry chain.

More live pictures on the next page!

　　Since the beginning of this year, the domestic auto market has been "rolling", first at the beginning of the year.The price reduction led to the overall price reduction of electric vehicles, and then led to the sharp price reduction and promotion of fuel vehicles. However, this fierce market competition has just begun in the view of Yu Chengdong, managing director of Huawei, CEO of BG and CEO of BU, a smart car solution.

　　"In the future, the reshuffle of the automobile industry will be very tragic. The’ volume’ has just begun and will be even more in the future." On June 16th, Yu Chengdong made his latest speech at the 2023 Future Car Pioneer Conference.

　　Yu Chengdong also predicted at the conference that only a few automobile manufacturers will survive in the next 5-10 years.It will become one of the few giants that can survive in the future. In the long run, manufacturers that work closely with Huawei can also survive and become a few survivors of this generation.

　　The era of smart cars needs heavy asset investment.

　　Yu Chengdong explained that the era of smart cars is not like the traditional era of fuel vehicles. In this era, car factories need heavy assets to support their sustainable development in the future. Therefore, the investment scale of car factories is very large. If the investment is not enough, it cannot support competition, and small and medium-sized players may not be able to keep up and become giants.

　　Yu Chengdong introduced that Huawei’s annual direct R&D investment in the automotive field exceeds 10 billion yuan, excluding indirect R&D investment, of which 70%~80% is invested in the intelligent driving field, and intelligent cockpit, intelligent networking and intelligent vehicle control are also key areas for Huawei.

　　"Intelligent driving is much more difficult than intelligent cockpit, because intelligent driving involves a lot.Things, so Huawei has made a huge investment in this respect. "Yu Chengdong said.

　　"In the era of smart cars, Huawei adheres to the big technology of" soft and hard core cloud "to empower the development of automobiles. Therefore, Huawei uses the core technology of intelligent networked electric vehicles to help partners survive in the intelligent era. If they survive, they will become giants. Looking back at the past decade or so, in the era of smart phones, all mobile phone manufacturers in Europe, North America and Japan were swept away, although they were leaders in the era of functional machines. " Yu Chengdong said that in the long run, he believed that the manufacturers who worked closely with Huawei could survive and become the minority survivors of this generation.

　　The future will be even bigger.

　　Besides Huawei and the manufacturers that cooperate closely with Huawei, Yu Chengdong also believes that it will be one of the few giants that can survive in the future.

　　"We are also very happy to see the success. It seems that it will become one of the few giants that can survive in the future. But other companies, companies that survive successfully now, no matter what their achievements this year, do not mean that they can survive in the future. In the future, the reshuffle of the automobile industry will be very, very fierce and the competition will be fierce. The’ volume’ has just begun and will be even more voluminous in the future. " Yu Chengdong said so at the conference.

　　Interestingly, recently,Li Xiang, the founder, wrote that in the third quarter of 2022, the release and trading of M7 in the world directly crippled Li ONE. We have never met such a strong opponent, and for a long time, we have no strength to fight back. The super ability of HW (Huawei) directly caused the sales in Li ONE to collapse and stop production ahead of schedule, resulting in a loss of more than one billion in one quarter, and the team was crippled.

　　It is pointed out that there will be three stages in the evolution of the automobile market. After the price war in the first stage from March to June this year, the second stage will be opened, and the market share will accelerate to the head.Brand concentration, the market share of second-and third-tier brands may face a long-term downward trend; In the third stage, some second-and third-tier brands are gradually eliminated and withdrawn from the China market, and the new forces of weak car-making may be acquired and integrated.

　　Will "ask the world" become the unified trademark of Huawei’s smart car selection?

　　At present, there are three main modes of cooperation between Huawei and car companies: one is sales standardization.Parts model of products; The second is the Huawei Inside mode (referred to as "HI mode") that provides full-stack smart car solutions; Third, deeply participate in product and vehicle design, and provide intelligent selection mode of sales network channels.

　　In the smart car selection mode, Huawei currently has、Four partners, Chery Automobile and BAIC Group. Among them, AITO Jiejie is the first attempt of Huawei’s intelligent car selection model, which was jointly built by Huawei and. Over 100,000 new cars have been delivered in more than one year. At present, Jiejie has two models, M5 and M7 series.

　　Yu Chengdong revealed at the conference that the next model M9 will be launched in the fourth quarter of this year, and it is confident that it will become the most popular in the whole market.The highest-end, most intelligent car.

　　Previously, in April this year, Yu Chengdong revealed that as the flagship product of Huawei’s deep empowerment, Wenjie M9 will bring all the black technologies such as AI big model and sensor federation into the car, with a pre-sale price of 480,000-600,000 yuan.

　　It is worth mentioning that recently, the countryAccording to the information of the Trademark Office of the Bureau, Huawei has successfully received a total of 21 trademarks from Beijing Yongan Shida Science and Trade Co., Ltd. Industry sources pointed out that after winning the trademark, the future "asking the world" will become the unified brand naming of products from different car manufacturers under the smart car selection mode.

　　On June 9th, China Auto Chongqing Forum, Yu Chengdong also revealed that in the future, Huawei and Chery, Jianghuai, BAIC and other car manufacturers will jointly launch different models. For Huawei, a unified brand naming is very important, so in the future, we may be able to see the trademark of Wenjie on the models that Huawei cooperates with the above car companies.