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What xiaobian brought today is. Let’s take you to appreciate its style.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV. The front of Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV is round and lovely, and it looks sporty. At the same time, the headlight presents a calm design style, and the overall look is full of dynamic feeling. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, automatic steering, delayed closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4880MM*2032MM*1679MM, the car uses atmospheric lines, the car side gives people a very young and fashionable feeling, with large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of sports. In the design of the rear end, the overall shape of the rear end of Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV echoes the front face, the taillight style is more rounded, and the overall layout is impressive.

When I came to the Mercedes EQE SUV, the interior design was angular and the visual effect was very good. The steering wheel of the car is well designed and made of genuine leather, which gives a good grip experience. Take a look at the central control, which is decorated with a 17.7-inch central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and meets the aesthetic standards of most consumers. Finally, let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats, which look very eye-catching. The car adopts leather-like seats, equipped with auxiliary seats with memory electric adjustment, seat with memory electric adjustment, seat proportion down and other functions, and the overall comfort and wrapping are not bad.

Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV matches the gearbox, with an acceleration time of 5.1s per 100 kilometers, and the power is completely OK for daily use.

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, rear wiper, interior atmosphere light and other configurations, and the configuration has reached the mainstream level of the same level.

After reading this car, I believe you have a general understanding. This class of car is usually the first choice for most people. First of all, it is not expensive, and secondly, all the configurations are quite complete, which is still very worth starting with.

　　Chinanews. com client Beijing, June 20 th:Controversy caused by a mango: Should the blacklist of express delivery be built?

　　Author Zhang Xu

　　"Yuantong female courier kneels down for missing a mango" and "Shunfeng courier is accused of taking sleeping pills and trying to commit suicide". The extreme behavior of the two couriers pushed the sharp contradiction between customers and couriers in the express delivery industry to the cusp of public opinion.

　　The courier was fined when he was complained.

　　"In our line of work, it is inevitable that we will be wronged at work." Han Li (pseudonym), who is currently working in a courier company in Wuhan, told reporters.

　　When Han Li made a door-to-door pick-up, because the delivered goods needed to be weighed and packaged separately and could not be priced face to face, he added the customer’s WeChat and transferred the payment after the pricing was completed. However, the customer refused to pay on the grounds of "the goods were not that heavy" and "unreasonable pricing and charging", and claimed to make a complaint.

　　In order to avoid fines caused by complaints, the courier fee of more than 30 yuan was finally paid by Han Li.

　　Behind this behavior in Han Li, in order to improve service quality and manage couriers, courier companies have established a complaint and punishment mechanism for couriers.

　　In reality, many problems do not appear in the last courier link, but once a complaint is made, the direct undertaker is the courier.

　　Tamia Liu (a pseudonym), a courier of Yuantong in Chaoyang District, Beijing, said that as long as a user makes a complaint, the courier will be fined, which is a rule.

　　"The company has a complaint mechanism, but as long as there is a user complaint, the fine procedure will be started. If the result is good, the fine will be less, and the second complaint will be fined to 500 yuan. The more complaints, the more fines." Tamia Liu said.

　　A courier beat a customer because of a complaint

　　In fact, conflicts between couriers and consumers have occurred from time to time because of complaints, and there have even been incidents in which couriers beat customers.

　　In June 2017, a customer in Beijing did not receive the courier during his business trip, but the courier handled it in the name of "I signed for it" and made a complaint after the communication failed. The courier was punished by the company. 200 yuan was resentful and injured the customer with a blunt instrument. Subsequently, the courier was detained.

　　Zhao Xiaomin, an expert in express delivery, believes that the pressure on the survival of express outlets is too high, the recruitment of delivery staff is difficult, and the high fines imposed by the headquarters have led to an increase in the pressure on couriers. Express delivery enterprises should always pay attention to the trend of outlets, properly guide them and strengthen humanistic care for employees in outlets, so as to reduce the occurrence of such phenomena.

　　Sun Kang, vice president and secretary general of China Express Association, recently called on express delivery enterprises to safeguard not only the legitimate rights and interests of users, but also the basic rights and interests of employees, and to clean up unreasonable internal penalties.

　　Express Association studies the establishment of blacklist of users.

　　In the kneeling incident of Nie Moumou, a female courier of Yuantong in Guangrao Daozhuang, Shandong Province, the reason was that the customer thought that the parcel tape was cracked and "a mango was missing". Zhang Moumou, the customer who complained, repeatedly expressed his dissatisfaction, and in the end he pointed to "dissatisfaction with the way Yuantong handled the problem".

　　Yuantong Company subsequently issued a statement saying, "We are responsible for both customers and employees, resolutely resist malicious complaints and never let salesmen sweat and cry."

　　Netizens have called for "mutual understanding" and even suggested that "express delivery companies will black out malicious complainants".

　　According to the report of China Business Information Network, in the first quarter, there were 14,904 effective complaints from postal consumers about express delivery service, the main problems were delivery service, loss and shortage of express mail and delay of express mail, accounting for 31%, 29.1% and 25.3% of the total effective complaints respectively.

　　After the incidents of "Yuantong female courier kneels down" and "Shunfeng courier tried to commit suicide by taking sleeping pills", China Express Association said that "it is studying to establish a blacklist system for bad users."

　　Tamia Liu said, "tricky customers are rare, but if a blacklist is established, it will also be a kind of protection for our line."

　　Some practitioners in the express delivery industry told reporters that at present, some express delivery companies have established a blacklist-like credit system mechanism for "special customers", and malicious complainants have also been included, restricting the receipt and delivery of parts, but the impact is still very limited.

　　Whether the blacklist of users should be built or not has caused new controversy.

　　It is worth noting that the "reversal" of some facts of the "female courier kneeling incident" has caused new controversy whether it can be regarded as a "malignant complaint" based on the certificate given by the police and the customer is included in the "blacklist" of express delivery.

　　Xie Xiaowen, a special researcher of China Logistics Society, believes that some enterprises lack scientific arbitration in the evaluation and punishment of complaints, and are unwilling to solve such problems directly. Instead, they identify frontline personnel as responsible parties. On the surface, this is the pursuit of customer-centeredness, which actually reflects that enterprises are simple and rude, and the overall management operation is not humanized enough.

　　"Compared with consumers, courier companies are in an advantageous position. If an industry blacklist is established, it will deprive consumers of their right to choose. I don’t think it is appropriate." Pan Helin, a postdoctoral fellow in applied economics at China Academy of Fiscal Science, told reporters, "Even if it is to be established, it should be to determine several rigid standards, inform them first, and be open and transparent."

　　Sun Guojin, a lawyer of Chongqing Sotong Law Firm, also believes that the express delivery industry, as a service industry, cannot refuse to provide services to consumers. It is necessary to be cautious to formulate a user blacklist system based on malicious complaints and other situations, and it must not conflict with existing legal provisions; In defining the malicious behavior of customers, it is best to be identified by third-party institutions such as courts, in addition to paying attention to evidence collection.

　　"The blacklist system protects its own rights and interests in the industry, but if it is abused, it will also cause greater damage to its own brand, so it should be carefully considered." Zhao Xiaomin, an expert in the express delivery industry, said, "If a blacklist is established, it should be consistent with the Consumer Protection Law and the Contract Law."

　　How to solve the problem?

　　Regarding the phenomenon of malicious complaints about express delivery, Jiang Mingfa, director of the Postal Industry Security Center of the State Post Bureau, said in March that many malicious complaints in 2018 have attracted great attention from the State Post Bureau and the Security Center.

　　Ming Jiang said that the "Measures for Handling Consumer Complaints in the Postal Industry" is being revised to clarify the conditions for accepting complaints and block some malicious complainants from the appeal threshold; Through the big data analysis of all kinds of complaints by software, early warning and prevention of complaints that may involve malicious complaints are carried out.

　　"Express delivery companies should establish a sound complaint and punishment system and should not blindly transfer the pressure to outlets or couriers." Zhao Xiaomin said that in the past, when express delivery companies handled disputes, they always imposed fines at the first time. Many times, the lack of investigation can not restore the truth of the matter, which will aggravate the contradiction between couriers and consumers.

　　He suggested that for litigation disputes between couriers and users, courier companies should establish multi-party feedback mechanisms such as couriers and company managers. First, they should conduct self-examination within the company before handling them. If it can’t be handled, it can be introduced to the regulatory authorities to solve it together.

According to the latest news from Autohome Shenzhen Promotions Channel, this luxury SUV is launching a strong car purchase promotion, bringing real car purchase benefits to consumers in Shenzhen. At present, the Cadillac XT5 is conducting an unprecedented promotion, with a maximum discount of 130,000 yuan, making the already cost-effective model more accessible. The minimum starting price has been adjusted to 242,700 yuan, which undoubtedly provides consumers with an excellent opportunity to buy a car. To seize this wave of price reduction, be sure to click the "Check Car Price" button in the quotation form to get a more competitive car purchase price.

The Cadillac XT5 is a luxury SUV that combines elegance and power, and its exterior design is very eye-catching. The front face adopts the Cadillac family design, and the iconic shield-shaped air intake grille is matched with sharp LED headlights, showing a complete sense of domineering and technology. The body lines are smooth, emphasizing the power and dynamic beauty. The overall style not only retains the style of traditional American luxury cars, but also integrates the fashion elements of modern cities. It is unforgettable at a glance.

The Cadillac XT5 offers a perfect blend of elegance and power with its refined side design. The body size is 4813mm*1903mm*1682mm and the wheelbase reaches 2857mm, which provides a solid foundation for its interior space. The front and rear wheels are 1645mm, ensuring good driving stability and handling performance. The tire size is 235/65 R18, and it is matched with a delicate wheel design, which not only enhances the driving texture, but also adds a unique sporty atmosphere. From the side, the lines of the XT5 are smooth and powerful, highlighting the style of the luxury sedan.

The interior design of the Cadillac XT5 shows the perfect fusion of luxury and technology. The use of a delicate leather steering wheel not only provides a comfortable grip, but also supports manual up and down + front and rear adjustment, ensuring that the driver can adjust the best position according to personal preference. The 8-inch central control screen is the information center of the vehicle, equipped with automatic speech recognition control system, which is convenient for operating multimedia, navigation, telephone and air conditioning functions. In terms of seats, the seat materials include imitation leather and leather, providing multi-directional adjustment of front and rear, backrest, high and low and waist support, and the front seats are even equipped with heating function for ultimate comfort for passengers. The memory function of the electric seat is reflected in the driver’s seat, which further enhances the convenience and comfort of the driver. The second row of seats can also be adjusted back and forth, while the seat reclining function supports proportional reclining, providing flexible options for loading space.

The Cadillac XT5 is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine, which can reach a maximum power of 174 kilowatts, providing abundant power to the vehicle. The engine can output 237 horsepower, and the torque performance is also quite strong, reaching 350 Nm. With the 9-speed automatic transmission, not only does it ensure smooth driving, but also improves fuel economy and driving pleasure.

To sum up, in the eyes of Autohome owners, the Cadillac XT5 not only won his love for its atmospheric appearance and unique angular design, especially the chic lighting, but also showed the unique charm of American cars. The owner’s satisfaction undoubtedly added a trust and reputation to this luxury SUV, making people look forward to the driving experience of the Cadillac XT5.

After entering the new energy era, people’s requirements for SUVs are getting higher and higher, and the budget is 20-300,000 also want to get a "bucket" car, but it is difficult to actually want a product without shortcomings. But just let us see the new idea. On September 22, Changan Qiyuan E07 officially opened the pre-sale. The pre-sale price is: 24.99-31 9,900 yuan. The new car is the first "digital intelligence new car" based on the SDA architecture. The product has enough personality and provides range extension and pure electric power options. So is it worth choosing?

The body design of the Changan Qiyuan E07 is innovative enough to position a medium and large SUV, but the overall loading attributes are taken into account. The front of the car looks calm enough, and there is a lot of futuristic in the details, including the closed grille, wheels, etc. all present a good sense of technology.

In terms of size, Changan Qiyuan E07 is more than 5 meters long, with a wheelbase of 3120 mm and a larger size, which further enhances the performance of the interior space. It is worth noting that the biggest feature of the new car is that it has a huge storage space that can be completely closed. It looks like the back of a pickup truck, but it is actually an openable trunk, and the opening method is electrically opened like the sunroof, coupled with a smooth shape, which is quite a coupe SUV style. After opening, the vehicle also presents a pickup truck shape, so it is no exaggeration to say that Changan Qiyuan E07 will be the most capable SUV in the 300,000.

The interior design of Changan Qiyuan E07 is relatively simple, and it is a familiar new energy style. It eliminates the traditional physical instrument screen and a large number of physical buttons. Most of them can be operated by voice, including a folding screen hidden above the passenger’s head, which enhances the entertainment properties.

In addition, the Changan Qiyuan E07 also has a good level of intelligent driving. The new car will be equipped with the high-end intelligent driving assistance system independently developed by Changan Automobile. It comes standard with 11 cameras, 5 millimeter-wave radars, 12 ultrasonic radars, and 2 lidars. It is also equipped with the NVIDIA Orin-X chip, with a computing power of 254Tops, which also makes the vehicle capable of lane maintenance assistance, line alignment assistance, lane centering, automatic parking, valet parking, and high-speed navigation. All aspects of performance are on par with new forces, and it will also have stronger OTA capabilities in the future.

In terms of power, the Changan Qiyuan E07 pure electric version is available in two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive models. The two-wheel drive models provide two motors with a maximum power of 165kW and 252kW respectively. The total power of the four-wheel drive model is 440kW, which is powerful enough. At the same time, the extended range version will have two versions of single motor and dual motor. It is equipped with a 1.5T engine as a range extender. The maximum power of the engine is 105kW. The peak power of the single motor is 231kW, which can have a pure electric cruising range of 200km. It is worth noting that the new car also has strong off-road capability, air suspension + CDC system, and a wading depth of 600mm, which can greatly improve the vehicle’s passability. The multi-scene attributes of the product can also be more comprehensive.

Overall, the Changan Qiyuan E07 has a unique shape and versatile products. It is a rare personalized product in the domestic market. And the new car has a large space and strong technology for user requests. At the same time, it also provides a comprehensive use of multiple scenarios, including the trunk that can switch between SUV and pickup truck. It is not only novel in design, but also has strong practicality. Users can use it when camping, pulling goods and moving, which will become a place to attract young people. What is important is that in the current homogeneous new energy SUV market, such an SUV can be seen, which can boost the demand points of more consumers. The excellent loading capacity will be recognized by more families who like to travel. Therefore, the future sales of Changan Qiyuan E07 are still very promising.

　　There are many brands called a certain rice in the market, so many that consumers are confused. They all have a common gene: Xiaomi. Professionally speaking, they are all enterprises in the Xiaomi ecological chain.

　　Among them, Jiangsu Zimi Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., known as the first brother of the ecological chain, is the first ecological chain company under Xiaomi. It was established in May 2012 and has been in existence for 9 years.

　　Before the 2021 Vision Content Ecology Conference, Liu Xiaoxia, brand director of ZiMi, accepted our interview. We started chatting about ZiMi’s name.

　　Just by looking at the name, it is difficult for consumers to judge its product attributes from the word "purple rice", and some even compare it to the agricultural product purple rice sold in supermarkets. Why is it called purple rice? Liu Xiaoxia said: "The enterprises in the Xiaomi ecological chain all have the word’rice ‘, which is the brand gene. Because we are in Nanjing, the Purple Mountain in Nanjing has a symbolic meaning and the meaning of purple gas coming from the east, so we chose the word’purple’. The seemingly random choice is actually the original intention of Purple Rice to establish itself in Nanjing. Now Purple Rice is headquartered in Nanjing, and its production lines are all over the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other high-quality manufacturing areas.

　　Liu Xiaoxia said that Zimi is a brand that really does a good job in products. Xiaomi’s logic is to "find a first-class team to make first-class products". If the team of Zimi can be selected, it must be a first-class team. At the end of 2013, Zimi launched the first Xiaomi mobile power supply, which quickly became a hit in the industry. Sales have soared and exceeded expectations. Data show that in 2014, the power bank produced by Zimi sold more than 10 million units; by the end of 2018, Xiaomi announced that the global cumulative sales of its mobile power supply exceeded 100 million units. These impressive sales data gave Lei Jun the confidence to say at the Xiaomi conference: "There are only two brands of power banks, one is called Xiaomi and the other is called Other".

　　The success of Xiaomi’s power bank has made Zimi stand out in the Xiaomi ecological chain. Zhang Feng, the founder of Zimi, is also a partner of Xiaomi. He once shared the thinking of making a power bank: "When Zhang Xiaolong made WeChat, he didn’t think about making money, he thought about user experience; when Cheng Wei made Didi, he didn’t think about making money, but to solve the pain point of users’ travel difficulties; my concept is that making explosive products does not make money, and super explosive products are even more so."

　　ZiMi, which has successfully "started a business", has also begun to find an independent brand development path. ZiMi not only produces Xiaomi power banks, but also has its own brand products, including mobile power supplies, TWS Bluetooth headphones, Bluetooth speakers, portable routers, rainbow batteries and other products. Domestic mainstream e-commerce platforms such as Taobao Tmall, JD.com, and Xiaomi all sell ZiMi brand products. It is worth mentioning that ZiMi also focuses on launching enterprise group buying business.

　　Purple Rice Electronics was famous for its mobile power supplies, and almost all of its products were synonymous with "high quality + low price". The netizens jokingly said: "Buy whatever you want, buy it with your eyes closed, no problem at all."

　　Purple rice is a representative of domestic products from the Xiaomi ecological chain. Its appearance has completely changed the brand structure of the domestic mobile power market. Big brands have to lower prices, and small brands lose their competitiveness and leave the market sadly. Liu Xiaoxia believes that the real domestic product should be like Xiaomi, which is a good product that all consumers can afford.

　　(Author: Wang Weifeng)

(Photo/Liang Xiaoliang) On May 21, French time, director Diao Yinan was interviewed. After "Fireworks in the Day", Diao Yinan’s new film "The Wild Goose Lake" was shortlisted for the main competition of the 72nd Cannes Film Festival. Compared with the previous work, this work is more black and curious, and even adds a lot of magical surreal elements.

On the opening day of the Cannes Film Festival, the famous director Quentin Tarantino also came to join in and shook hands with Diao Yinan, expressing his liking. The film is currently rated 2.7 in the magazine. When it comes to creative inspiration, Diao Yinan said that the story originated from his fantasy related to fugitives, and making it into a movie is to convey a traditional ethic, morality and chivalrous spirit.

Similar to "Fireworks by Day," "The Wild Goose Lake" still cuts from the bottom of the little people, including car theft gangs and swimming girls. Diao Yinan also has his own opinion on why he has been filming the little people. "The little people at the bottom seem to be rejected by morality and law, but in fact they also have very shiny things on their bodies. Often the darker the person, the more they can see the light."

As for the actors, Hu Ge was the lead actor this time, and the female lead was still Gui Lunmei, who had collaborated with "Fireworks in the Day". When it came to the performance of the two actors, Diao Yinan praised them all, "Hu Ge’s performance is remarkable, you have seen this, compared with his previous TV dramas, it has been reborn; Gui Lunmei’s performance this time is more mature and experienced."

Because the main plot is the story of an escaped criminal, 85% of the scenes in the film are night scenes. But Diao Yinan did not let the black night be filled with violence and crime. He extracted some real scenes, and then the things he liked lit up, and the things he didn’t like were destroyed, forming an almost dreamy scene. In the daytime scenes, there are also surreal elements, and the personal preferences of these directors can be found in reality, just to present an absurd sense of contrast.

In less than a week, the major awards of this year’s Cannes Film Festival will be announced. Director Diao Yinan has a smooth and natural view on whether to win the award. For the next film planning, he also said that the film will be released in China in the second half of the year.

"Party" was conceived earlier than "Daylight Fireworks" to convey the traditional moral spirit

Where did the inspiration for The Wild Goose Lake come from?

Diao Yinan: Actually, before "Daylight Fireworks", I came up with it. After I came up with it, I didn’t feel very mature. I was sitting on the sofa listening to a foreign song and fantasizing about being hunted down. I was a fugitive with a bounty. I wanted to run to the beach all the time. A girl I liked in junior high school transferred to this place. When I saw her there, I couldn’t tell her that I was a fugitive. Then she didn’t live well. Finally, I tried to get her to kill me and leave it to her 300,000. At that time, I thought it was a very pretentious story. I probably remembered it and threw it aside.

After filming "Fireworks in the Day", I saw on the news one day that there was an escaped prisoner in the northeast who killed the prison guard and escaped. He hid in the nearby mountains. He was too cold and hungry to run down the mountain and returned to the village. He saw his wanted notice in the small shop and found that he was worth 100,000 yuan. He immediately decided to leave the 100,000 yuan to his aunt, the best person for him. My imagination turned into a news in life. I think it is possible to shoot it less affectionately.

: On the day of the premiere, Quentin also went. Did you communicate with him?

Diao Yinan: I just shook hands, because the scene was quite enthusiastic at the time, and I didn’t bother to communicate. He told another friend of mine that he liked "The Wild Goose Lake" very much.

Many people say that they see a traditional chivalrous spirit in this movie.

Diao Yinan: Yes, such a concept was established at the beginning of the creation, which is a traditional ethics, morality, and a chivalrous spirit.

Why do you want to convey this spirit?

Diao Yinan: Because I think that today’s society is developing very rapidly, and people are gradually forgetting these traditional values. Therefore, I think it is particularly necessary to remind everyone that these things are very important.

The plot focuses on the marginalized, the darker the person, the more light there is

Hu Ge is a member of a car theft gang in the film, and Gui Lunmei is an accompanying swimming girl. Why do you want to cut in from the marginalized crowd to tell a story?

Diao Yinan: Because these little people at the bottom seem to be rejected by morality and law, but in fact they also have very shining things in them. Often the darker people, the more they can see the light. I think these people also have some of the spirits they inspire us. So I think through these characters, through some dramatic weaving, this kind of thing can be more interesting and deeply experienced by the audience.

Have you ever observed in real life groups like Swimming Girl and Car Theft before?

Diao Yinan: Yes, that’s true. Of course, there are many related news, and these things combined with movies are of interest to me.

I heard that the original intention of filming this movie was based on one of your fantasies?

Diao Yinan: In the end, a real news happened, which was a bit similar to the daydream I imagined at the time, and it was very close. Yes, so I think it may be possible to make it into a movie.

Hu Ge shows a rebirth, Guilun magnesium is more mature and experienced

How did you choose Hu Ge, Gui Lunmei, Liao Fan and Wan Qian to star in this movie?

Diao Yinan: The basic principle is to first consider whether their temperament talisman fits the role, and then to choose an actor from some unexpected reverse thinking to consider the use of him. This is a principle for choosing them.

Did you provide the actors with some movies or novels to find their feelings in advance?

Diao Yinan: I think about it, I watched some movies, some movies, including some novels. There are black movies, literary films, Chinese and foreign films, and martial arts films.

Is there any new spark in the cooperation with Guilun Magnesium for the second time?

Diao Yinan: She has become more mature and experienced in acting, and she is also very dedicated and has put a lot of effort into this role.

: I would like to ask, why did you ask Liao Fan to play a police officer again?

Diao Yinan: Because Liao Fan is an old partner, he is actually familiar with cooperation. He understands my requirements and my thoughts in one sentence.

And he also joked yesterday that it felt like the police from "Daylight Fireworks" went to Wuhan to live for a while.

Diao Yinan: Yes.

What do you think of Hu Ge’s performance?

Diao Yinan: Hu Ge’s performance is also very remarkable. You have already seen this. It is a state that has been reborn from his previous TV dramas, and I am also very satisfied with his appearance.

Previously, the actors said at the press conference that they had been in a state of uncertainty on the set and did not know whether they were doing well or not. They felt that the director might have done it on purpose.

Diao Yinan: Yes, maybe that kind of uncertainty is what I want. I don’t want a particularly clear dramatic presentation. It may be better for him to be more ambiguous and vague, but their actions are very clear, and that’s enough.

How do you talk to them at the scene?

Diao Yinan: I don’t talk about drama.

We see a kind of spirit of the ancient warrior in Hu Ge, why do we do this kind of projection on the body?

Diao Yinan: Because the story structure of police and gangster films is usually reminiscent of the action line of martial arts films, so he just shows the time is modern, people are wandering in real life, and then he is a fugitive, and then he will also take us to some corners of the edge of the city, allowing us to see a very different space, a very restrained space, very, for example, you will feel like you are dreaming, entering such a marginal area.

85% of the film is a night scene, with surreal elements based on reality

There are many night scenes in the film, and the colors of the night scenes are very dreamy.

Diao Yinan: Yes, because if he (Zhou Zenong) wants to flee, it will usually be handled at night, because it is unreasonable for him to come out during the day. The night determines the main tone of the movie, and then 80% to 85% of us are night scenes, so those lights and shadows are in small cities in China, or in some suburbs, and we can often see the real scene. We just say that we extract it carefully, and we don’t dare to create it casually. Extract it carefully, and then let the things we like light up, and the things we don’t like disappear, which is enough to form the current dreamy scene.

There is a scene where many people wear fluorescent shoes to dance square, and the visual effect is very magical.

Diao Yinan: There are quite a few young people who dance this kind of dance now, and they are all in some relatively small cities. In big cities and small cities, there will be many people dancing in the square at night. Sometimes these young people are really in groups, and some people will wear flash shoes like this.

: There are many surreal elements in the film, such as entering the circus and the scene in the newspaper. Why was it designed this way?

Diao Yinan: These elements are what I saw when I was a child, for example, or what you will find at any time on the edge of the city today, like those billboards of high-rise buildings. In fact, in many places in China, a particularly modern city landscape suddenly stands up, but when you look closer, it is a fake. It is a propaganda board, but its surroundings are completely different from its environment, so this is very interesting.

Is there any new challenge in making "The Wild Goose Lake" compared to your previous work?

Diao Yinan: In this drama, I wanted my characters to express themselves through action, rather than through too much dialogue or dramatic psychological changes. I tried my best to make them act, because I feel that the sum of a person is the sum of his actions. So only through action can you open up new situations, or only through action can you get out of your predicament.

Future filming is not limited to film noir, and "The Party" will be released in the second half of the year

You seem to have a soft spot for film noir. Can you explain why?

Diao Yinan: The genre of film noir, on the one hand, it will provide you with a very dramatic and good-looking story framework. On the other hand, it has its own understanding of the world. For example, you will realize that behind our seemingly peaceful life, there are also some invisible secrets or some crimes. In fact, the undercurrent of this world is turbulent, and everyone’s heart also hides a dark area that is not known to himself or others. These are the stories, human nature, or the image of his society. It is a very good theme and a very good genre.

: "Daylight Fireworks" is shot in Northeast China, and this time "South Station" is shot in Wuhan. Which other city do you particularly want to shoot?

Diao Yinan: I can’t say this for a while now.

Will you continue to try to make movies with black elements in the future?

Diao Yinan: As long as you are interested in the subject matter, you can try it, and you will not deliberately use a genre to set a story, because we are all telling Chinese stories, first of all because your stories have their soil, they are all from real events or news, or the inspiration of the surrounding life. Therefore, it is first to tell your own story, and then the film noir is the film critics, or the audience. When they come to interpret the film, it is convenient for them to set it up.

Are you planning to go back to your hometown to film a movie?

Diao Yinan: Of course that’s also possible.

When will The Wild Goose Lake be released?

Diao Yinan: It should be the second half of this year.

This article is an exclusive manuscript. It is prohibited to reprint it in any form without authorization, otherwise legal responsibility will be pursued.

Image: A Tesla Model S with a Chevrolet V8 engine　insideEVs

"You’re riding a Mazda, no wonder you’re stuck in traffic."

In 1997, Leung Ka Fai smiled scornfully at the black boss who was 11 minutes late for the meeting in "Black Gold". In the carefree era of simple gasoline, car brands have clear hierarchies and clear seating arrangements. "We are all Mercedes-Benz and Rolls-Royce," and "you are in a Mazda, you are not qualified to hold this meeting at all."

No one would have imagined that 20 years later, when Mercedes-Benz and Rolls-Royce had followed suit with electric vehicles, the last holdout of internal combustion engine cars turned out to be that cheap, friendly, and naturally anti-bone Japanese company.

The "Mazda traffic jam" meme that was spawned in a few words back then became a classic self-deprecation that fans would enjoy in the future, and also engraved the lingering image brand of this Japanese brand. Call it niche, it is not rare to be reclusive; call it a big name, and it has indeed deviated from the mainstream for a long time. When people talk about Mazda, the impression in their minds is mostly like this.

In the 2010s, the whole world was engaged in small-displacement and turbocharging, and only Mazda insisted on tapping the potential of natural intake engines to the end; in the 2020s, when the world was engaged in electrification and hybrid power, Mazda was making a difficult-to-understand "thin compression ignition" engine. Also under the earthy and strange name "Chuangchi Blue Sky" – who doesn’t know that electric is environmentally friendly and electricity can use blue sky. Today, how can you save fuel when you make a gasoline car? Are you not afraid that everyone will not even have the interest to watch 5 minutes of popular science?

Only those friends who learn internal combustion engines will excitedly pat their resumes and tell you that the blue sky that Mazda has created is the ultimate fantasy that human gasoline civilization has never realized in a hundred years.

Don’t shake your head and say "I don’t understand, I don’t understand" when you hear the word "engine". In fact, most of the so-called "black technology" technologies,If you can’t explain it to ordinary people in plain language, it’s usually not your problem, it’s my problem.

Fantasy Prequel: Ultimate Compression

Whether you pay attention to automotive products or not, it’s hard to avoid the word "turbo".

About a decade ago, small-displacement turbocharged engines became rapidly popular and became the first choice for major automotive brands.It is said that electrification is the "big trend" today, so the "big trend" ten years ago was the small-displacement turbine.Ten years later, looking at today’s civilian car market, it’s hard to buy a naturally aspirated model without a turbo.

Mazda, almost the last remaining retrograde, is used by the whole series　Skyactiv-G series natural intake engine…(Mazda has a Skyactiv-G 2.5T turbocharged engine in the US market as a special case, which will not be discussed in this article due to space limitations.)

Insert a vernacular explanation of turbocharging:

The so-called turbocharging is to install a turbine in the exhaust path of the engine. The exhaust energy discharged by the engine drives the turbine to rotate, and the turbine is coaxially connected to an intake impeller. The rotation of the impeller will generate pressure to force the outside fresh air into the cylinder(So a supercharged engine is also called "forced intake", which corresponds to non-supercharged natural intake)…

The power output of an internal combustion engine depends on the amount of air involved in combustion(Increasing fuel injection is not difficult.)Turbocharging provides more abundant intake without changing the physical displacement, so turbocharging can often significantly enhance power.

With turbocharging, the engine displacement required by the vehicle can be reduced. For example, the original need for 2.0L naturally aspirated is now 1.4L + turbocharged(1.4T)That’s enough. And a moderately small displacement will make the efficient operation range of the engine closer to the daily car working conditions(Please note that adding turbines does not improve engine efficiency.)The daily energy consumption and emissions naturally decreased. On the other hand, because of the turbine as a guarantee of air intake, the turbocharged engine can often output peak torque at low speed, which is known as "low torsion strength", which is beneficial for urban driving.

However, there is no free lunch in the world, and no technology will have all the advantages. Small-displacement turbo engines are all kinds of good, and they must have their disadvantages. The most obvious of them is calledTurbo lag.

The throttle (dotted line) is stepped down, but the power (solid line) will not come until a few tenths of a second

The turbocharger is driven by exhaust energy. When the engine is running at low load, the exhaust energy is insufficient, and the turbocharging effect is not obvious or effective. However, when the accelerator is suddenly stepped on to try to accelerate, the engine load increases, the exhaust energy increases, the drive turbine accelerates, and the intake air volume increases. This is a process that requires a certain amount of time.

First, the engine has to "work hard" to generate more exhaust to drive the turbine, and then the rotating turbine rotates with the intake impeller, and the impeller can "pump" the engine. Therefore, it is difficult for a turbocharged engine to have the kind of linear dynamic response of "stepping on and on" compared with a naturally aspirated engine.

The time interval between pressing the accelerator and the time the turbocharger builds up pressure and power is calledTurbo Hysteresis(Turbo lags)This was an objective phenomenon that could only be weakened and could not be completely eliminated. Of course, with the development of turbocharged engines today, there were many technical means to reduce the lag. Nowadays, excellent turbochargers could weaken the turbo lag to the point that it was hard to detect in daily life.

And Mazda said, "No, I couldn’t stand a little delay," and that led to Skyactiv-G.

In 2010 – just as the wind and rain of the small-displacement turbine era was approaching, Mazda proposed the Skyactiv to create a blue sky plan, the core of which was to develop the high-efficiency naturally aspirated engine Skyactiv-G. The ready-made road of adding turbines and reducing emissions, Mazda did not go, but rather went to the ceiling of the existing naturally aspirated technology.(Mazda’s first-generation Skyactiv engine also includes the diesel engine Skyactiv-D. Since diesel vehicles have little to do with China, this article only targets the gasoline engine Skyactiv-G.)

The first metric of Skyactiv-G is thermal efficiency. Yes, it is the "20% to 30%" that the internal combustion engine is often ridiculed. The small-displacement turbine trend is precisely to cope with environmental regulations, so Mazda has to use natural intake engines to do the small-displacement turbine thing, and the first thing is to reduce energy consumption and emissions.

The answer sheet Mazda handed in in 2012, the Skyactiv-G engine, has 37% maximum thermal efficiency and 60kW/L power(US EPA data, Skyactiv-G 2.0L, 2014)Without today’s popular 48V motors, without any hybrids, and without sacrificing drivability and power, the Skyactiv-G achieved a maximum thermal efficiency of 37% solely by optimizing the gasoline combustion process. As one of the earliest modern high-efficiency engines, many of the indicators of the Skyactiv-G were not surpassed by major manufacturers such as Toyota until a few years later.

(In addition to the highest thermal efficiency, pay attention to the high-efficiency range indicated in green, the lower two graphs obviously have a wider area)

Now you can buy the most thermally efficient gasoline engine, which is 40% of the Dynamic Force series engine under the Toyota TNGA architecture, and the version for the gasoline-electric hybrid system can reach 41%, while the liter power also reaches 60kW/L(Efficiency does not come at the expense of motivation.)Although the thermal efficiency is already higher than that of the Mazda Skyactiv-G, it should be known that Mazda is five years earlier after all.

Today, while Skyactiv-G is still advanced, many technologies are not new.

The most direct way to improve combustion efficiency is to increase the compression ratio of the engine. Roughly understood, the compression ratio is the ratio of the minimum volume of the engine piston when it moves to the top dead center and the maximum volume when it moves to the bottom to the point. Usually, the compression ratio of gasoline engines is around 10:1, and it is rare to exceed 11:1. Engines that focus on power performance will use a smaller compression ratio; engines that emphasize low energy consumption and high efficiency will use a larger compression ratio.

[Compression ratio = (A + B)/A]

The difficulty of improving the compression ratio is to faceknockKnock means that the fuel in the cylinder is ignited in advance under high temperature and high pressure during the process of upward compression of the engine piston. Sudden accidental deflagration of fuel that does not follow the law of piston movement will seriously damage the internal structure of the engine until it is scrapped, which is a very dangerous phenomenon.

One of the means of suppressing knock is to reduce the residual last combustion exhaust gas in the cylinder. To suppress knock and improve the compression ratio, Skyactiv-G uses a unique 4-2-1 exhaust manifold. That is, the four exhaust manifolds of the four cylinders are first merged into two and then combined into one. The exhaust path is longer, the ignition is farther apart from the adjacent cylinders, and the exhaust pulses of the adjacent ignition cylinders will not interfere with each other, so that the exhaust valve can be opened for a longer time, and the exhaust gas and residue can be drained as much as possible.

The special exhaust manifold, together with other measures, allows Skyactiv-G to achieve an amazing 14:1 compression ratio(Domestic oil problems reduced to 13.1:1).This was the highest compression ratio of any production gasoline engine until it was broken by Mazda’s next-generation engine, the Skyactiv-X. Five years later, the 40% thermal efficiency of Toyota’s Dynamic Force engine had a compression ratio of "no more" than 13:1.

In order to meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the small-displacement turbine is to bring the engine’s efficiency zone closer to the daily use conditions. Mazda, on the other hand, chose hard and rigid: I just want to make the hard index of thermal efficiency. With the first generation of Skyactiv series engines, Mazda has not only survived but also established a place in the eyes of others in the ever-tightening and more favorable emissions regulations of small-displacement turbines. In spite of the trend of getting smaller and smaller in the land.

Fortunately, the high-compression-ratio self-priming Skyactiv-G is just the beginning.

Ideal Burning: Magic Reality

No company that stands still can survive, especially for those who are on the wrong side of the road.

The first generation of Skyactiv-G went into production in 2012. What has Mazda been doing over the years? Busy developing the second generation Skyactiv –Skyactiv-X is the highlight of this article.If according to plan, the Skyactiv-X engine, which has just been put into production overseas, should be launched in China within 2020.

The first generation Skyactiv was actually divided into gasoline engine Skyactiv-G and diesel engine Skyactiv-D, while the second generation Skyactiv gave up diesel engines and focused on gasoline engines. The suffix "X" seemed to represent the intersection of gasoline and diesel technologies: the core of Skyactiv-X can be attributed to"Burn gasoline in the way of a diesel engine"…

We know that due to the different characteristics of gasoline and diesel,steamThe oil engine uses spark plug ignition, that is, ignition type; the diesel engine does not need ignition compression and ignition, that is, compression ignition type.For a hundred years, gasoline has been ignited and diesel has been pressed to ignite, as if one plus one equals two.

(Ignition and compression)

Old drivers all know that diesel cars save fuel, and the compression ignition of diesel engines has more advantages in terms of thermal efficiency. The principle is actually very easy to understand: spark plug ignition, the flame should spread from the center spark plug to all directions, and gradually ignite all the fuel mixture in the entire cylinder. The process of combustion propagation takes a while.

But in the process of burning and doing work, the engine will not stop waiting for you to burn, and the piston is always moving up and down at high speed. When the combustion is not completely over, the piston has already started to move down, which means that there is a part of the burned energy behind that does not really act on the piston to go down, which is equivalent to this part of the energy being wasted. It’s like when we pedal a bicycle, our feet accidentally step on the air, and your legs obviously do work, but they are not really used for the bicycle to move forward, which is equivalent to this part of the energy being wasted.

(Compression and ignition work is more concentrated in the time dimension, and the efficiency of work is higher)

In contrast, diesel engines use compression ignition. The fuel mixture is evenly distributed in the cylinder, so when the piston goes up to meet the required conditions for compression ignition, combustion will occur at multiple points and simultaneously throughout the cylinder. The combustion energy is released in an instant, the work time is shorter, and the peak value is higher. And the combustion of fuel throughout the cylinder is more uniform. There will be more of the fuel energy(Compared to ignited)When used to push the piston to do work, the thermal efficiency will naturally be higher.

Mazda Skyactiv-X, the world’s first and only compression-ignition gasoline engine.

("Gasoline cars, diesel cannot be added")

How did Mazda achieve this magical reality by turning a gasoline engine into a "diesel engine"? The core technology of Skyactiv-X is called SPCCI spark plug controlled compression ignitionSpark Controlled Compression Ignition…

If you are too lazy to look down, make a simple and rough point:

(SPCCI: Thin Compression – Spark Plug Recompression – Compression and Ignition Achieved)

Thin Temptation

In the cutting-edge research field of internal combustion engines, there is an ideal combustion state calledlean burn…

Thin combustion, how is it considered thin? According to the oxygen content in the air and the combustion chemistry formula, people calculate the air/fuel mixture ratio required for full combustion(Air-fuel ratio), should be 14.7:1Therefore, in theory, only when the air-fuel ratio is greater than or equal to 14.7 can the fuel be completely burned out, and the chemical energy in it can be fully releasedWhen the air-fuel ratio is greater than or equal to 14.7, it can be considered a lean mixture, so lean combustion is an ideal combustion.

However, gasoline cars have been developed for a hundred years, and they have almost never achieved the ideal air-fuel ratio. You have seen so many cars running on the road, none of them can achieve the air-fuel ratio of 14.7, and none of them can provide enough air for gasoline to fully burn.

There’s certainly a reason for this. Today’s gasoline engines have an air-fuel ratio of excess fuel. Because while this will lead to insufficient combustion, wasted fuel and increased emissions, the excess fuel will cool down and help improve power performance. On the other hand, when the air-fuel ratio is really close to 14.7, the oxygen-rich environment created by the thin mixture will lead to nitride(NOx)When pollutants increase significantly, fuel economy has improved, but emissions pollution is unsightly.

Ideal burning, it’s not that I don’t want to, it’s impossible.

Mazda wants to continue to improve the thermal efficiency of the engine, but Skyactiv-G’s method of improving the compression ratio can no longer be counted on. The reason is that according to the theoretical thermal efficiency formula of the internal combustion engine Alto cycle, as the compression ratio increases, the thermal efficiency improvement space will become smaller and smaller, that is, the marginal utility will decrease. Skyactiv-G has achieved a compression ratio of 14:1, and by continuing to improve the compression ratio alone, the improvement of thermal efficiency is limited.

Theoretical formulas give another way out, calledspecific heat ratio, that is, the constant pressure specific heat capacity is compared to the bandwidth evaluation specific heat capacity. Although listening to the profound talk makes people’s heads big, I took some time to think about it and summarize it. In fact, you can understand it this way:If the fuel mixture in the cylinder canMore heat is used to expand it rather than to heat it up, and the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine increases.

Making the mixture thinner can improve the specific heat ratio. Because when there is too much air, more gas does not participate in combustion but will absorb heat, and the combustion temperature will drop; plus the fuel can be fully burned, the energy is more thoroughly used for expansion work. Therefore, the thinner the fuel mixture, the higher the theoretical thermal efficiency will be.

The theory is in place, and the practice is left.

The nitride pollutant mentioned earlier is the first major problem. However, Mazda found in the laboratory after trying a variety of air-fuel mixing ratios: when the air-fuel ratio is equal to and slightly greater than 14.7, it will indeed cause a surge in nitride emissions as common sense; but when the mixture is further increased, the air-fuel ratio reaches 29.4(Twice as much as 14.7)Nitrogen emissions would be reduced to an acceptable level. That is, people used to think that the thin mixture would cause NOx emissions to explode, but Mazda found –That’s because the thin mixture in your house is still not thin enough.

(Red line: when the dilution level exceeds 14.7:1, NOx emissions will decrease again.)

The surprise wasn’t over yet. Mazda also found in the lab that when the dilution level was further increased, the air-fuel ratio was increased to an astonishing 36.8:1, under sufficient pressure, the fuel mixture was spontaneously ignited before the spark plug ignited – that is, gasoline compression ignition was actually completely achievable.

Thin + compression ignitionAt the same time, this is also recognized by the industry as one of the most important development directions for the ultimate internal combustion engine in the future.

Compression Ignition Sensitivity

However, for the next few years, Mazda has been struggling with the problem of "achieving stable compression ignition", pressing it on the ground and rubbing it repeatedly. Of course, it is voluntary. Gasoline compression ignition is indeed feasible – in the laboratory. Although similar to diesel compression ignition, gasoline is ultimately gasoline, chemically more active than diesel, and it is much more difficult to achieve stable and usable compression ignition.

First of all, compression ignition has extremely strict requirements on the operating conditions of the engine. Only when the engine load and speed meet a small specific range at the same time can a stable compression ignition be maintained. Secondly, compression ignition is very sensitive to temperature and pressure. At different temperatures and altitudes, whether compression ignition can be achieved or not is almost like fate. Furthermore, the internal environment of the combustion chamber also affects the success or failure of compression ignition: if the temperature is too high, the compression ignition occurs too early and the vibration is serious; if the temperature is too low, the compression ignition is too late to reduce the efficiency…

To achieve stable, usable gasoline compression ignition is like waiting on your fatherIt is not difficult to understand that even if gasoline compression ignition can achieve ultra-high thermal efficiency in the laboratory, it has never been applied to reality by any manufacturer

(Blue: The range of conditions for achieving stable compression ignition is very limited.)

But now that Mazda has ridden the tiger, it must be too late to go down. Even if it goes down, there is no other way out, only to bite the bullet and just face it. Finally, the engineers came up with a solution:Use the method of "betrayal" compression ignition to achieve compression ignition.

Since compression ignition cannot cover all the working conditions of the engine, the compression ignition engine will not completely abandon the spark plug, and can still be ignited when some of the compression ignition cannot be achieved. The reason for the instability of compression ignition is nothing more than temperature and pressure. Temperature is difficult to control accurately in real time, but pressure is possible, for example – ignite with a spark plug?

When the pressure in the cylinder does not meet the compression ignition conditions, the spark plug implements a small range of limited ignition in advance, so that the pressure in the cylinder increases instantaneously, and then most of the unburned mixture in the cylinder can be ignited. As long as the ignition of the spark plug can be precisely controlled, the pressure in the cylinder can be precisely controlled, and a wider range of stable compression ignition can be achieved.

Is it compression? Yes. What about spark plugs? Also used.This is the core technology of Skyactiv-X, which is calledSpark plug controlled compression ignition SPCCI.

(CI is compression ignition, SI is ignition, and SPCCI is spark plug controlled compression ignition)

The basic principle doesn’t sound complicated, but if you really want to achieve precise control, it becomes "easy to sound but hard to do". Because Skyactiv-X has both ignition and compression ignition modes, of which compression ignition mode(SPCCI)It is also necessary to judge the timing and degree of intervention of the spark plug. Finally, the general combustion strategy of Skyactiv-X-ray is as many as three layers. Under different engine load and speed combinations, different air-fuel ratios, fuel injection volumes and combustion methods are used. For example, when starting and accelerating, spark plugs are directly used to ignite; when cruising at medium and high speeds, different degrees of SPCCI compression are required.

Since Skyactiv-X is already a lean-burn engine, many aspects cannot be considered in terms of conventional engines in the past. For example, the compression ratio mentioned earlier. To make the ultra-lean mixture spontaneously ignite with only compressed energy, the compression ratio must be much higher than that of previous ignition gasoline engines. The previous generation Skyactiv-G compression ratio of 14:1 was already the world’s first, and　Skyactiv-X achieved an amazing 16:1!Also, don’t forget that SPCCI also has spark plug ignition pressurization for recompression, so the actual compression ratio can sometimes be higher than the physical compression ratio of 16:1.

With compression ratios so high, knock risk naturally needs to be taken seriously. Mazda’s solution is to use up to 1000bar(3 to 4 times that of a conventional gasoline engine)Ultra-high pressure fuel pump, the fuel injection process is carried out in multiple installments. In ordinary gasoline engines, during the compression process after fuel injection, the mixture absorbs heat and heats up, which is a prerequisite for detonation. Therefore, Skyactiv-X only sprays a small amount of fuel during the initial injection before compression. At this time, the mixture is too thin to form a knock; when the compression is carried out to the middle and enough fuel is injected, the fuel will be ignited before it has time to absorb heat and heat up, so the risk of knock is reduced.

The maximum thermal efficiency "target" of Skyactiv-X will reach 44%.(Because there is no third-party measurement, we can only say "target")This is the pure thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine without the help of hybrid power, and the hot topic efficiency does not come at the expense of driving power

According to Mazda’s own data, at an economical speed of 2,000 rpm, the ultra-lean-burning Skyactiv-X engine can outperform its predecessor(Skyactiv-G)20% fuel savings. Not only is the maximum thermal efficiency improved, but the Skyactiv-X’s high-efficiency operating area has been greatly expanded, which means that the actual overall thermal efficiency will also be significantly improved. In terms of power, thanks to the high compression ratio of up to 16:1, the Skyactiv-X’s low-speed torque has been increased by 10-30%.(Similar to the characteristics of a diesel engine with high torque)The maximum power has increased by 14% compared to the previous generation.

(Skyactiv-X not only increases the maximum thermal efficiency, but also expands the high efficiency range.)

As a new concept engine that has just been put into use, the Skyactiv-X certainly has some questions that need time to test. On the one hand, there is no answer to the adaptability of domestic oil products; on the other hand, the long-term reliability of engine control compression ignition has yet to be verified. In addition, whether the control of compression ignition timing really guarantees NVH(Vibration and noise)The performance is not inferior to that of ordinary gasoline cars of the same level, and the answer will not be available until the arrival of the Skyactiv-X.

However, at least, the European market, which began delivering Skyactiv-X models in the second half of last year, has more acceptance of the new engine than Mazda expected. CEO Yasuhiro Aoyama told Automotive News Europe last year that 60% and 45% of orders for the two main European models, the Mazda 3 and the CX-30, respectively, chose the more expensive Skyactiv-X engine. In Germany, for example, the Skyactiv-X version of the Mazda3 starts at 26,290 euros, while the original Skyactiv-G engine is only 23,790 euros.

44% is not the end of the internal combustion engine. After the Skyactiv-X, Mazda is developing the third generation of the Skyactiv-3. After the Skyactiv-X has overcome lean compression ignition, the focus of the next generation of Skyactiv-3 is rumored to include auxiliary combustion chamber and adiabatic combustion technology.Skyactiv-3 ofThe target is the previous generation(Skyacitv-X)Increase the thermal efficiency by 27% and 56% on the basis of(Pure internal combustion engine efficiency)If 48V micro-hybrid technology is added, the thermal efficiency may approach 60%.

Thermal efficiency of 50 to 60%, compared with 80 to 90% of the energy conversion efficiency of electric vehicles, it still seems awesome? But if you factor in the power generation and conduction efficiency of power plants, consider the emissions from lithium battery production and recycling, and consider the advantages of fuel vehicles such as battery life, energy replenishment speed, and no battery attenuation(It’s not a hybrid)With a thermal efficiency of 50 to 60%, how much advantage can pure electric vehicles still have?

Dongying BMW, apply for regularization?

Skyactiv-X has been delivered overseas for less than a year, and it will have to wait until the second half of 2020 in China. But by then, Mazda, which has solved the technical problem, will face a problem that cannot be solved by technology, price.

The cost and pricing of the Mazda Skyactiv-G models currently on sale have been significantly high, which has indirectly led to Mazda gradually moving away from the mainstream in China in recent years and becoming a second-tier brand. The Mazda 3 with Skyactiv-X compression ignition engine(Domestic Onxella)The expected price after domestic production may approach 200,000 yuan. For a brand like Mazda and a family car like Ma 3, this is too high in any case.

The advanced and efficient engine developed at such a high cost does not seem to match Mazda’s current brand positioning. Or, in other words, it should not be the business of a small, Volkswagen-oriented car brand like Mazda.

In March 2019, Mazda announced its last annual financial report as usual, one of which made the industry jaw drop: Mazda is developing an inline six cylinder(At least 3.0L large displacement)Skyactiv-X engine, and a vertical straight six for rear-drive cars. Among them, the words "brand high-end" are also mentioned(Brand value improvement)…

Straight six, vertical, rear drive, this is the standard BMW formula! And Mazda, which relatively emphasizes driving control among Japanese brands, is also known as "Dongying BMW". When the German BMW began to switch to four cylinders and front drive, the "Japanese BMW" was going to "turn positive" instead?

(The concept car Vision Coupe will be the prototype of the new Horse 6.)

Mazda’s high-end plans are not groundless, let alone mouth-watering. In the following months, patents have poured in for Mazda’s new straight-six Skyactiv-X engine, front-rear-drive chassis, and longitudinal 8-speed automatic transmission. Mazda also announced not long ago that it will focus on developing a new generation of Mazda 6, and will not launch any other new models until 2022. Rumors are basically solid: the new 6 will move from the current horizontal front-drive "grocery car" to a high-end sports vertical rear-drive car, and there may even be a new two-door sports car as a successor to the RX-8.

It is inevitable that the brand that "no wonder there is a traffic jam in Mazda" back then plans to wrestle with Mercedes-Benz and BMW now, which will inevitably surprise people. But when you think about it carefully, the cooperative relationship between Mazda and Toyota has actually vaguely laid a protective net for the former’s high-end.

In 2017, Toyota and Mazda reached a cross-shareholding agreement, and Toyota acquired about 5% of Mazda’s shares. The two sides cooperate fully in the field of production and manufacturing. In 2019, Japanese media revealed that Toyota is planning to equip its Lexus brand’s high-end models with the inline-six engine under development by Mazda. At this time, Mazda’s six-cylinder rear-drive patents are flying, and Toyota has just launched a new sports car with BMW’s straight-six engine Supra. So if Toyota only plans to acquire high-performance engines from other companies in the future, its Japanese partner Mazda will always be more suitable than BMW.

With Toyota and Lexus as "guarantee" measures, Mazda can more easily invest in high-end technologies such as the straight-six Skyactiv-X engine and the front-rear-drive platform, without having to worry too much about the early stage of the high-end experiment. Of course, the hidden danger and challenge is how to differentiate between the high-end Mazda and Lexus to avoid internal competition between the two partners.

Not one person, more than one machine

Mazda is one of the most determined in the gasoline engine route, but it is not the only one. Several other Japanese automakers are also developing the ultimate internal combustion engine technology of the future in addition to electrification. For example, Toyota and Honda are optimistic about the secondary combustion chamber technology, which is a low-cost way to increase thermal efficiency. Nissan has also carried out pre-research in the lean combustion field after implementing the VC-Turbo engine with variable compression ratio.

But only Mazda has focused most of its energy on the Skyactiv series of high-efficiency internal combustion engines. It is not so much that Mazda has more feelings and technology for internal combustion engines, but that Mazda ships are small and easy to turn around – it is almost impossible for a giant like Toyota to be so desperate. So only Mazda is on this road that no one dares to go, one way to the dark.

(Mazda’s forecast for the future sees internal combustion engines and hybrids remaining mainstream until 2035.)

However, don’t think that if we talk about the internal combustion engine for a long time, it means that the electric car is out of the question. When the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine develops to 50-60%, it basically reaches the theoretical limit. But for electric vehicles, the main factor that really limits their environmental protection in the long run is actually the proportion of sustainable energy in the entire power grid.

The thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines can see the limit, and there is still a lot of room for improvement in the proportion of sustainable energy. Although current power generation(Especially at home)The majority of electricity is still generated by heat, but the proportion of electricity generated by sustainable clean energy will increase. It is impossible for fuel vehicles to save energy and reduce emissions as the grid becomes cleaner, but electric vehicles can. For every new wind turbine and a new photovoltaic panel erected on the earth, your electric car is cleaner by one point, and your fuel car has nothing to do with it.

However, this process may be slower and more complicated than some people imagine. If you look at the distant future, 100% of electric vehicles will replace internal combustion engine vehicles; but if you want to talk about the present and the near future, continue to improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines, at least it is still a very worthwhile direction to try. Mazda 37% and 44%, Toyota 40% and 41%, are currently the world’s first-class efficient engines. At present, the mainstream family car engines on the market have a maximum thermal efficiency of only about 30%, and the overall thermal efficiency is only about 20%. There is at least more than half the room for improvement.

Entering the 2020s, when gasoline is ready to burn, why don’t you work hard?

People who are not interested in online celebrity may scoff, thinking that these twisted and unhygienic movements are unattractive.

But facts speak louder than words, and subject three is really popular. In Tik Tok, the video broadcast volume of subject three is calculated according to billions.

Some brothers who took the driver’s license test couldn’t even find the teaching of subject three, so they could only create a topic of # subject three driving practice #.

As the original producing area of subject three, domestic netizens are also actively scoring.

Not only Haidilao, but also the familiar BGM will be sounded wherever someone appears, and then the dancers will follow the rhythm.

Even the master of the film stream, who became popular in his early years, began to do preschool education for his niece and personally went off to train.

Looking at the smooth twisting posture of the older generation of artists, it is not difficult to guess how many exercises he has done behind his back.

What is even more outrageous is that subject three is very hot all over the world. If you don’t jump subject three, you will be abandoned by the carriage of the times.

On the other side of the Taiwan Strait, in Taiwan Province Province, China, Hong Xiuzhu, the former chairman of the China Kuomintang, went on stage in person and easily won after ten seconds of learning.

Shake hands and crush hand-disabled netizens, and Taiwanese clothes are well deserved.

Don’t think that three subjects are difficult to be elegant.

Joanna, the world champion of Latin dance, told everyone that Latin and ballet are not necessarily the only classical dances in the center of the dance floor, but subject three can also appear in the spotlight.

In order to prove this point of view, a large number of foreign friends began to publish their own performance scenes of subject three on tiktok, and presented their opinions with practical actions.

No matter whether it is near the Aegean Sea or under Mount Fuji, foreigners are indispensable to study hard and practice hard.

In this situation, I can only say: very good, love from China.

Perhaps MacArthur, a five-star general, can hardly comment on the magic of subject three.

If you want to know why it swept the world, you must analyze it from the beginning.

First of all, why is subject three called subject three?

The original name of subject three is Guangxi subject three. As the name implies, it originated in Guangxi and came from the same hometown as the "Molou Literature" which recently caught fire.

It is said that the source of subject three is a wedding scene in Guangxi, where people dance. Since then, the internet has spread, and Guangxi people have to go through three exams in their lives, namely, singing folk songs in subject one, rice noodles in subject two, and dancing in subject three.

Subject three didn’t suddenly catch fire. As early as a few months ago, it had a small fire on the Internet. Now, if you flip through any video platform, you can still find the video with millions of plays at that time.

The turning point of the fate of the subject three exploded and went global was November 19.

In a Haidilao store, two Tik Tok bloggers dressed in Haidilao work clothes danced in subject three, and got more than three million broadcasts.

Subject Sanhe and Haidilao, two whole partners, quickly fermented on the Internet, and successively boarded hot searches on platforms such as Baidu and Weibo, attracting many netizens to visit and study.

Strictly speaking, the success of subject three is at least half the credit of Haidilao.

For a long time after the video became popular, subject three and Haidilao were bound together, and the relationship between them was as inseparable as the first love between men and women.

Many people went to Haidilao specially to watch the performance of subject three.

The waiters in Haidilao study hard and practice hard, and regard subject three as a compulsory course in the workplace.

This is not a joke. On November 28th, Haidilao confirmed that the employees of Haidilao Store in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province were praised for dancing "Subject III" and were rewarded with 3,000 yuan.

Although, after the media reported that employees didn’t get a commission for skipping subject three, it was just an involution between stores, but this was another story.

Because at this stage, subject three has completed the original flow accumulation.

Skip subject three = there is flow, and the formula is as simple as that, depending on whether you copy it or not.

If Haidilao has helped to lay a popular traffic foundation for Subject III, then the Dreamers Dance Troupe in Taiwan Province Province of China is the main reason for helping Subject III go global.

Harry, the head of Dreamers Dance Company, shot a lot of videos in Tik Tok as early as the eve of the popularity of Subject 3.

In addition to stopping Taiwanese sisters and grandmothers on the street, and then asking them to come to Section III, he also joined friends from the mainland to dance in public, which can be said to be a family member on both sides of the strait.

This dance company promoted subject three everywhere in Taiwan Province Province, China, so that subject three was on fire on the other side to an unimaginable extent.

It can be said that the popularity of subject three in Taiwan Province province of China has his contribution.

Through the springboard of Taiwan Province Province, China, the subject III began to spread all over the world. Demonic movements and brainwashing music have brought no less impact to foreign netizens than the "snowflakes fluttering in the north wind" a few years ago.

On the other hand, countless contents are produced on the Internet every day, and most of them have become cyber garbage in the corner. Why can subject III stand out and become the focus of people’s attention?

In fact, if you have paid attention to social shaking, it is not difficult to find that since the emergence of video media, the matter of "shaking" has never disappeared in our field of vision.

Even if you think it is rustic and scoff at it, when a uniform social video appears in front of you, you can’t help but stop and watch it.

Are you a shaking m? Obviously not. Just because the rockers are really attractive.

In 2014, the National Social Shake Zone set up by Mei Pai made the dance of "Shake" begin to appear.

At that time, this unique form of dance was a hot topic in the western media, and they also translated the social shaking English according to Chinese:Social Shake Look at the foreign brother who has never been exposed to social shaking.

In this primitive era of the rockers, Pai Pai Qi was equivalent to the first savage who drilled wood to make fire.

As a social youth who graduated from technical secondary school, he earned tens of millions by relying on society. However, in 2018, the brand Qi was banned because of disturbing people’s dancing regardless of the occasion, which caused bad influence.

But social unrest is not dead. It is like the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period after the Zhou Dynasty, and it split into several overlords.

One school is Xi ‘an Yao, which was born in the ancient capital of Xi ‘an. It is characterized by fewer dancers in the same dance, basically 2-3 people.

Xi ‘an Shake is also called "Pacific Rim Driver Training" because of its synchronization and rhythm.

The other school is Qinghai Yao, who was born in Qinghai.

This school has a local flavor at first, and its dancing and background are very casual. But in the middle and late period, Zhang Shiyao began to become the leader of Qinghai Shake and mastered the right to speak.

Maybe you don’t know who Zhang Shiyao is. Maybe you will know after reading this picture.

However, this does not mean that Xi ‘an Yao and Qinghai Yao occupy absolute heat, and many dancers rely on their own characteristics of deus ex at this stage.

For example, in 2020, the swaying sun exploded for a while.

He tried to add a story of being beaten in the face before the dance. At that moment, I couldn’t tell whether I was watching la la land or Breaking the Sky, which started with a broken marriage.

"Ghost!"

In addition to swinging the sun, the Lord of the shadow stream mentioned above also has to be mentioned.

Because of the silky body movements than Dove and the rough special effects of one gasification and three cleanings, the master of shadow flow quickly became popular and became the darling of netizen Erchuang.

In addition to these ancient artists, there is also a UP master named Yao Sheng Y, who broke into the world of rockers in the embarrassing post-social rocking era in 2022.

In the first video, he wore a small suit, squeezed out the crowded corn field, and then swayed wildly in the Yuan Ye in bgm, Interstellar.

I don’t know whether this dance is to conquer the audience in front of the screen or to conquer the sea of stars.

He gave a new explanation to social swing: swing is a cry of freedom and an attempt to break the bondage.

It doesn’t have too many rules and regulations, only human primitive desire to vent and express.

Simply put, don’t think too much, just twist it.

This is a way to decompress, it gives people a sense of freedom, just like when you were particularly happy in childhood, you looked alive and kicking, and you felt that you had inexhaustible energy. It seems that the whole world is making friends with yourself.

When we grow up, we are embarrassed to swing like this, and social swing has become a substitute. Dancers don’t care about the eyes of people around them, and their body movements are not bound by other dance types. They just need to dance wildly to the music.

Even if you don’t like jumping, you will be infected when you watch it.

So you see, every once in a while, the network will put a kind of rocking dance culture on the altar.

In 2014, it was a social shake, in 2018, it was a Xi ‘an Qinghai shake, in 2020, it was the master of shadow flow, it was a swaying sun, in 2022, it was Yao Sheng, and at the end of 2023, it was subject three.

But the difference of this subject is that it has aroused great resonance all over the world, allowing netizens around the world to take the initiative to participate in the second creation.

What is even more admirable is that in this era when the communication between countries and regions is very fragmented, subject III has simply become a friendly bridge for people-to-people communication.

In Tik Tok, there was an English girl named Make Love Beautiful, who became popular because she was good at our "rocking" culture.

Coordinate Great Britain, but it is frequently divided into provinces in China, imitating different styles of vibrators around the country.

I don’t know if it’s because she has a profound study of rock culture. In May, she began to pay attention to subject three.

In the comment area of this British big sister, domestic netizens can’t hold their breath.

At first, everyone thought that she was just rubbing the heat, playing with rotten stalks and accumulating pieces of Cullinan like other shakers.

But after a long time, everyone found that this big sister really enjoyed it, just like this.

Perhaps the human race is an armed helicopter, which is why we are so obsessed with the spinning flower hand.

Britain, so far away from China, has fallen, not to mention the countries near China.

For example, Singapore, which has a deeper understanding of Chinese, has stolen the slogan of "creating a myth with a small slope".

The cultural output effect of those things that you usually brush away with video is not as strong as usual.

Subject 3 is such a thing that spans races and countries. When shaking, you don’t have to respect authority, don’t care whether the action is standard, and don’t worry about offending anyone or offending anyone.

Because it has no meaning except freedom and happiness.

No matter who you are, you can swing freely in the camera, and everyone is treated equally in front of subject three.

Isn’t this a great unity of the people of the world?

write an article: Zhang Dadong edit: Mangshan welding head front cover: Xuan Xuan

Pictures and data sources：

Tik Tok user dreamer Harry Harrikane-head, love beauty

Bilibili user’s main stream 1, Yao Sheng Y, Zhang Shiyao’s personal number, two-dimensional swing Yang.

Geely Automobile’s high-end pure electric brand Krypton should also consider listing. On October 31, Geely Automobile announced on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that the company had submitted a proposal to the Stock Exchange in accordance with the 15th application guideline, which proposed to split Zeekr Intelligent Technology Holding Limited and list it independently. Geely Automobile said that the Stock Exchange has confirmed that the company can carry out the proposed spin-off. The terms of the proposed spin-off (including listing place, offering scale, price range and guaranteed quota for shareholders of the company to obtain krypton securities) have not yet been determined.

In response to this, the media said: "We will disclose relevant information in a timely manner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. The Krypton management team will put business first and ensure the completion of the delivery target of 70,000 vehicles in 2022. The recent turmoil in the capital market will not shake our confidence in the new energy market, and short-term fluctuations in the market will not affect the company’s medium and long-term development. "

ZEEKR (English name Zeekr) was established on April 15th, 2021. It is a brand-new intelligent pure electric vehicle brand owned by Geely Automobile and Geely Holding Co., Ltd., with the shareholding ratio of 51% and 49% respectively. Tianyancha APP shows that Extreme Krypton Automobile (Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Area) Co., Ltd. was established on September 11, 2020 with a registered capital of 500 million yuan. The legal representative is An Conghui and the chairman is Li Shufu. Since its establishment, it has been financed twice. On August 29, 2021, Krypton signed strategic investment agreements with five eco-partners, including Intel Capital, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Billie Billie, Hongshang Group and Boyu Investment, with a total investment of 500 million US dollars, accounting for about 5.6% of Krypton’s shares after the investment. In December 2021, Geely Automobile announced that the company’s acquisition of 220 million ordinary shares from Geely Group was approved by the shareholders’ meeting. Upon completion of the delivery, Geely Automobile will own about 58.31% of the issued share capital (on the converted basis) and about 54.47% of the enlarged issued share capital. At the same time, Li Shufu, chairman of Geely Holding Group, will increase his 2% stake in Geely Automobile.

At present, only ZEEKR 001 is on sale under the brand of Krypton, which is based on the vast architecture of SEA. There are four models to choose from, and the price range is 29.90-386,000 yuan. As an important brand of Geely’s transformation to new energy, the market performance of the first model of Kyk-Kr brand is highly anticipated. According to the plan, Kyk-Kr 001 will hit the sales target of 70,000 vehicles this year. However, at the beginning of last month, Kyk-Kr released the Description on the Delivery of ZEEKR 001, indicating that due to the hot sales of the models, the orders made from now on are expected to be delivered in 2023.

The latest data shows that ZEEKR 001 has delivered a total of 45,481 vehicles since the delivery was started in October 2021. Among them, ZEEKR 001 delivered 39,474 vehicles from January to September in 2022, accounting for 56.3% of the sales target, and the remaining 43.7 will be completed in the next three months. From this point of view, ZEEKR 001 may not be able to achieve its annual sales target. Earlier, An Conghui, chairman of Geely Automobile Group, once said: Geely is full of confidence in the sales target of delivering 70,000 vehicles throughout the year and keeps the target unchanged. Whether this goal can be finally achieved remains to be verified.

According to the product launch plan, ZEEKR 009, the second mass-produced model of Krypton, will be launched tomorrow (November 1st). The new car is based on the vast architecture of Geely SEA, and it is positioned as a medium-sized MPV. After the launch, it will compete with Tengshi D9, Buick GL8, Lantu Dreamer and other models.

On August 27th, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited announced that Kykrypton became the first brand of Kirin battery in global mass production, and Kykrypton 009 and Kykrypton 001 under Kykrypton brand will be equipped with Kirin battery. Among them, Krypton 009, the first MPV model, will become the first model of global mass production of Kirin battery and will be launched in the first quarter of 2023; The Krypton 001 will become the world’s first production model with a pure electric cruising range of more than 1,000 kilometers, which will be launched in the second quarter of 2023.

In addition to the brand-new ZEEKR 009, six new models will be launched in the next three years, covering SUV, crossover and MPV market models. It is planned to achieve global sales of over 650,000 vehicles in 2025.

　　?　On November 30, 1940, the Japanese government announced its recognition of Wang Jingwei’s regime.

　　Seventy-eight years ago, on November 30, 1940, the Japanese government announced its recognition of Wang Jingwei’s regime. Wang Ching-wei’s regime refers to the "National Government of the Republic of China" which was ruled in Nanking from 1940 to 1945 with Wang Zhaoming as acting chairman and premier of the National Government and Zhou Fohai and Li Shiqun as main members. Because the National Government of the Republic of China, which had moved its capital to Chongqing at that time, did not recognize Wang Jingwei’s positions as the National Government and the Executive Dean, it was often called the Wang Puppet Government, while Japan called it the Nanjing National Government.

　　?　On November 30th, 1949, China People’s Liberation Army liberated Chongqing.

　　Sixty-nine years ago, on November 30, 1949 (October 11 of the lunar calendar), the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), which advanced to Chongqing, seized Jiangjin, Shunjiangchang, Yudong Town, NanWenquan Town and Mudong Town on the south bank of the Yangtze River, seized victory and crossed the Yangtze River from the above places, and liberated Chongqing in the afternoon. One of the enemy fighters fled to the west, and our army was chasing down. When the People’s Liberation Army entered Chongqing, the people lined the streets to welcome it.

　　?　On November 30, 1979, the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Notice on Dealing with the Examination of Materials by Cadres in the Cultural Revolution Movement"

　　Thirty-nine years ago, on November 30, 1979, the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Notice on Handling the Problems of Censorship of Materials by Cadres in the Cultural Revolution: During the Cultural Revolution, Lin Biao and the Gang of Four created a large number of unjust, false and misjudged cases, and about 2 million cadres nationwide put on file for examination. This part of the materials for reviewing cadres are mostly infinite and slandered. Party organizations at all levels should carefully clean up these materials.

　　?　On November 30, 1984, the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee held its first press conference.

　　Thirty-four years ago, on November 30, 1984, the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee held its first press conference to introduce the situation of the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee to Chinese and foreign journalists. The spokesman said: the Communist Party of China (CPC) has established various forms of friendly ties with more than 150 foreign political parties, including communist party, the Socialist Party, the Social Democratic Party and the Labour Party, as well as friendly political parties in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s external liaison work is mainly the responsibility of the International Liaison Department.

　　?　On November 30, 1986, the first public opinion research institution in China was established.

　　Thirty-two years ago, on November 30, 1986, the first specialized public opinion research institution in China, the Institute of Public Opinion of China Renmin University, was established in Beijing, with Professor Gan Xifen as its director.

　　?　On November 30, 1993, China STD and AIDS Prevention Association was established.

　　Twenty-five years ago, on November 30th, 1993 (October 17th of the lunar calendar), the China Association for the Prevention and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS was established in Beijing. The task of this association is to assist the government to organize people from all walks of life to actively participate in the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS, health education, information exchange, research and academic exchanges at home and abroad within the norms of the Constitution and relevant laws and regulations. Professor Chen Minzhang, Minister of Health, served as honorary president, and Professor Qian Xinzhong, President of China Global STD and AIDS Foundation, served as president.

　　?　On November 30, 1994, the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on Strictly Restricting Dog Raising was promulgated.

　　Twenty-four years ago, on November 30, 1994, there was a legal statement about raising dogs in Beijing. Beijing’s strict dog-raising regulations were passed by 43 votes today after a difficult legislative process. At this point, the right and wrong "dog topic", which affects millions of citizens in Beijing, finally has a legal statement.

　　?　On November 30, 2009, Beijing Capital International Airport became the largest airport in Asia.

　　Nine years ago, on November 30, 2009, the passenger throughput of Beijing Capital International Airport exceeded 60 million, making it the largest airport in Asia.

　　?　On November 30, 2011, 9 people were killed in a No.4 fire at a hawker stall in Garden Street, Mong Kok, Hong Kong.

　　Seven years ago, on November 30, 2011, a No.4 fire broke out at a hawker stall in Garden Street, Mong Kok, Hong Kong, killing 9 people and injuring 24 others. The injured were sent to three hospitals for treatment, and four of them were seriously injured. Donald Tsang, Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, visited the fire victims at Guanghua Hospital on 30th to express his condolences.

　　?　On November 30, 2016, the "Twenty-four Solar Terms" was officially listed in the UNESCO representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.

　　Two years ago, on November 30, 2016, the 24 solar terms were officially listed in the UNESCO representative list of intangible cultural heritage of mankind. In the international meteorological field, the 24 solar terms are known as "the fifth invention of China".

　　?　On November 30, 1609, Galileo first observed the moon through a telescope.

　　409 years ago, on November 30th, 1609, Galileo created the astronomical telescope (later called galileo telescope) and used it to observe celestial bodies. He discovered the unevenness on the surface of the moon and drew the first map of the moon by himself.

　　?　On November 30th, 1782, the American War of Independence ended.

　　236 years ago, on November 30, 1782, representatives of the United States and Britain signed a preliminary armistice treaty in Paris, and the American War of Independence ended.

　　?　November 30, 1853 Crimean War: Russian navy gains the right to control the Black Sea.

　　165 years ago, on November 30, 1853, the Russian sub-fleet led by Russian vice admiral Nakhimov suddenly attacked the Turkish naval base Sinop on the south bank of the Black Sea, defeated the Turkish sub-fleet, and Russia gained the right to control the Black Sea, intensifying the contradiction with Britain and France.

　　?　On November 30, 1864, the naval battle of Sinop broke out.

　　154 years ago, on November 30, 1864, the naval battle of Sinop broke out. On that day, Russian vice admiral Nakhimov led the Russian sub-fleet (with 6 battleships and 2 escort ships, with a total of 720 guns) and quickly broke into the port of Sinop where the Ottoman Turkish sub-fleet (with 7 escort ships and 5 cruise ships) anchored. The Turkish fleet was sunk except for a cruise ship, with more than 3,000 casualties. The commander of the fleet was captured, and the Russian fleet was only killed by 37 people. Sinop naval battle became the last important naval battle in the sailing age.

　　?　On November 30, 1924, man first transmitted a picture across the Atlantic Ocean by radio waves.

　　94 years ago, on November 30, 1924, man first transmitted a picture across the Atlantic Ocean by radio waves.

　　?　On November 30th, 1936, the Crystal Palace in London, England was burned in a fire.

　　Eighty-two years ago, on November 30th, 1936, a disaster struck the Crystal Palace in London, England. Within a few hours, the flame swallowed up all the things erected for the great British Empire and the dreams of countless people for the Crystal Palace. In the process of destruction, British residents could look at the fire from miles away, and even the night sky became bright in the nearby area.

　　?　On November 30th, 1939, the war between the Soviet Union and Finland broke out.

　　79 years ago, on November 30, 1939 (October 20 of the lunar calendar), the war between the Soviet Union and Finland broke out.

　　?　On November 30, 1941, the British launched an offensive in Libya to cut off the enemy supply line.

　　Seventy-seven years ago, on November 30, 1941 (October 12 of the lunar calendar), the British launched an offensive in Libya to cut off the enemy supply line. The British attack separated this important coastal highway that connects Benghazi and Tripoli for hundreds of miles. Since many Italian ships were sunk in the Mediterranean Sea, it has become more and more difficult to supply logistics. With the advance of British troops, the possibility of encirclement of Axis forces in eastern cyrenaica has increased.

　　?　On November 30, 1960, the Toledo air crash in 1960 killed all the members of the St. Louis football team.

　　Fifty-eight years ago, on November 30, 1960, a plane crash occurred near Toledo, Spain, killing all the members of the St. Louis football team.

　　?　On November 30, 1962, Wu Dan, a Burmese, was elected Secretary-General of the United Nations.

　　Fifty-six years ago, on November 30, 1962, the United Nations General Assembly decided to appoint Wu Dan, a Burmese, as the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Wu Dan is the third UN Secretary-General and the first UN Secretary-General from Asia.

　　?　On November 30, 1966, the African country Barbados broke away from British colonial rule.

　　Fifty-two years ago, on November 30, 1966, Barbados, an African country, broke away from British colonial rule, declared its independence and became a member of the Commonwealth.

　　?　On November 30, 1969, the Meilai village massacre in the Vietnam War was exposed.

　　49 years ago, on November 30, 1969, a scandal that had been circulating for 20 months came from a small village in South Vietnam called Mylai. It is said that 567 local residents were massacred by a row of American troops. Survivors said that many of the victims were women and children, and some children were only two years old. Lieutenant William Kelly is the platoon leader of this platoon. He has been involved in this murder case that killed hundreds of people. He will be charged with murder and tried by a military court. If proved guilty, he will be executed.

　　?　On November 30th, 1991, the first World Women’s Football Championship ended.

　　Twenty-seven years ago, on the evening of November 30, 1991, the first World Women’s Football Championship came to a grand end in Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou. In the championship battle held in the evening, both the United States and Norway played an imposing manner, attacking each other, and fighting fast against each other, and the games were brilliant. In the end, the United States won by 2: 1 and won the glittering Champions League. Norway finished second.

　　?　On November 30th, 2006, Microsoft released Windows Vista worldwide.

　　Twelve years ago, on November 30th, 2006, Microsoft released Windows Vista globally.