Big move! China developed the theory of ＂super high-speed rail＂ at a speed of 1,000 kilometers per hour.

　　Another big move! China has developed a "super high-speed rail" with a theoretical speed of 1,000 kilometers per hour!

　　CCTV News:The "super-ring high-speed rail" advocated by the science and technology madman Musk has been recognized in the United States, and the feasibility study is under way. The super-ring high-speed rail uses low-vacuum pipes and magnetic levitation technology, and the speed will be close to the plane’s 1000 km/h. This kind of high-speed rail can be built not only on the surface, but also in underground tunnels. In China, this experiment is also under way. In a laboratory in Chengdu, the reporter of Economic Half-hour saw that scientists in China were working hard for it.

　　China announces high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology.

　　Chengdu Southwest Jiaotong University, the world’s first annular experimental line platform for ultra-high-speed magnetic levitation train with vacuum pipeline, is the first manned high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation annular experimental line in China. The total length of the line is 45 meters, the designed load is 300 kilograms, the maximum load can reach 1 ton, and the clear height of suspension is more than 20 millimeters. It is a superconducting suspension system with the same load capacity, the smallest cross section and the least amount of permanent magnet materials in the world. It can carry out the actual dynamic operation experiment of 0-50 km/h. Don’t underestimate these complicated machinery and equipment. In the ideal state of vacuum pipeline, this technological innovation can increase the theoretical speed of trains to more than 1,000 km/h.

　　Deng Zigang, Ph.D. Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University: Many indicators are internationally leading. Our core thing, its actual load capacity, can suspend a ton. The cross-sectional area of our track is the smallest in the world now, that is, its width is only 120 mm and its thickness is only 25 mm, and it uses very little permanent magnet material.

　　This high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology introduced by scientists in China, once published, has aroused the world’s largest institute of electronic and electrical engineers — — The American IEEE Association paid attention to it, and they reported this scientific research achievement of Chinese in two full-page texts. The British BBC, American CNN, European public television and other media rushed to Southwest Jiaotong University to conduct field investigation and reporting. The birth of this science and technology may not have attracted much public attention, but in the eyes of many scientists around the world, Chinese has made almost a revolutionary technological creation this time.

　　Deng Zigang: At that time, its title was Super Pipeline, and then there were comments below. It felt that this subversive technology might have revolutionary significance in all aspects of people’s travel modes or aerospace applications in the future.

　　How can this "super pipeline", which is called subversive technology by many scientists in the world, be suspended in orbit? Deng Zigang, the 37-year-old project leader, told the reporter that for decades, experts from Southwest Jiaotong University, domestic research institutes and many manufacturing enterprises have been continuously carrying out relay research and development experiments before today’s results were born.

　　Magnetic levitation technology was first put forward by Germans in the 1920s, and it has a history of almost a hundred years. In the following decades, Germany has always maintained a technological lead in constant-conduction magnetic levitation and Japan in low-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation; China has been catching up since the mid-1980s, but it is undoubtedly a huge problem to catch up with the technological gap of 60 years.

　　If we want to complete the research and manufacture of maglev train, we need to go through many thresholds in advance, such as where does HTS material come from? How to build a special track? How to design the car body, and so on. Can scientists in China successfully develop this challenge from scratch?

　　Superconduction in HTS magnetic levitation refers to a superconducting material, which has zero resistance effect, that is to say, when current flows through a conductor, there is no heat loss, and a strong current can be formed in the conductor without resistance, thus generating a super-strong magnetic field. Superconducting magnetic levitation is to realize magnetic levitation by using the diamagnetism of superconductors. The so-called high-temperature superconductivity refers to the characteristics of superconductivity in the liquid nitrogen environment of MINUS 196 degrees Celsius; Low temperature superconductivity refers to the characteristics of superconductivity in liquid helium environment at MINUS 269 degrees Celsius.

　　Compared with low-temperature superconductivity and normal-temperature superconductivity, high-temperature superconductivity has one of the greatest characteristics: it is self-stable, in other words, after being placed in a permanent magnet orbit, it can be suspended and suspended, whether in motion or at rest; Moreover, on the permanent magnet track, the high-temperature superconductor also provides stable guiding force and levitation force, that is, it will not shake up and down, and it will be firmly tied to the permanent magnet track like a nail.

　　The thickness of the superconducting layer is only 1% of that of the hair.

　　It can be suspended and hung, which looks a bit like magic. Where is the secret? Deng Zigang introduced that the first is the permanent magnet material laid on the track. In fact, high-performance permanent magnet materials have been developed and produced abroad for many years, but these products and technologies have been blocked for a long time in China. Don’t say that you can’t buy them, even if you want to visit them. The only way is for Chinese to make it himself. The magnetic levitation laboratory is in Chengdu, but the magnetic levitation materials are quietly developed and produced by a company in Hangzhou.

　　To develop high-performance permanent magnet materials, especially for high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation tracks, it is necessary to fuse and distribute more than a dozen raw materials, including various rare earth materials, evenly.

　　Mao Shoudong, vice president of Hangzhou Permanent Magnet Group Co., Ltd. told the reporter of "Economic Half-hour" that this process is like kneading dough, which is difficult, but it is crucial to the performance of magnetic steel.

　　After the precise arrangement of more than a dozen raw materials, it is necessary to magnetize the magnetic steel with current, which is also a relatively dangerous link. If the magnetizing charge is not good, it is easy to cause its unstable performance, and sometimes it can’t be controlled, and the magnetic steel is easy to fly to the ceiling.

　　After repeated experiments, the high-performance permanent magnet material was finally successfully developed, but then another problem appeared: how to splice the permanent magnets together to form the magnetic suspension guide rail? Because the repulsive magnetic force between permanent magnets is very large, a small piece can generate more than 300 kilograms of thrust, which may lead to deviation if you are not careful. So, what methods can effectively solve the problem of splicing and combination?

　　Mao Shoudong, vice president of Hangzhou Permanent Magnet Group Co., Ltd.: It depends on a series of designed tooling, and it is fixed bit by bit by mechanical means, and one magnetic steel is fixed, and then the next magnetic steel is installed.

　　Dr. Deng Zigang, Ph.D., State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University: At that time, we did a full design in the early stage. After designing the fixture, we continued to explore and improve on the spot, and finally found a better way. It took only one day to install our last 84 permanent magnet tracks.

　　After the problem of permanent magnet guideway material was solved, Deng Zigang’s team began to face the test of the second problem, which is the core high temperature superconducting material for manufacturing maglev trains in the world.

　　Deng Zigang: Our superconducting materials are installed in the four corners of our car, in this black cover. This superconducting material replaces the four wheels of our car. This superconducting material can be suspended in our low temperature environment of liquid nitrogen.

　　In the first decade of this century, there were only three suppliers of second-generation HTS materials in the world, two in the United States, which sold to the world at expensive prices, and the other company in Japan, but the export was prohibited. If materials can only be imported, China’s development of HTS industry will be "stuck". After searching in many ways, Deng Zigang set his sights on Shanghai Superconducting Technology Company.

　　Wu Xiang, Deputy General Manager of Superconducting Materials Division of Shanghai Superconducting Technology Co., Ltd.: Why do we do this? There is also a feeling. Because before we went to international conferences, all the superconducting materials reported by everyone were made by others. When it comes to superconductivity in China, there are very few questions, and there is a feeling that no one in China has made this thing. Our idea is, no matter what, we must make this, just to fight for this tone.

　　In 2011, Shanghai Superconducting Technology Company was formally established and started research and development. The first difficulty they encountered was how to closely connect different coatings with superconducting tapes. Superconducting tape is made up of several layers of different raw materials. The superconducting layer is located in the middle core layer, and the outside is mainly divided into seven or eight layers, such as machine tape, isolation layer and buffer layer. The reason why so many layers are added is mainly to protect and buffer the superconducting tape in the middle layer, which is equivalent to wearing a set of protective armor to keep the performance of superconducting tape stable and consistent. However, these layers of raw materials are different, and the coating thickness needs to be very thin and very uniform. The process is extremely difficult.

　　Zhao Yue, Special Researcher, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Energy Smart Grid (Shanghai) R&D Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University: It is a superconducting film coated on a 50 micron thick stainless steel strip. What is the concept of 50 micron thickness? That is, we are about the same thickness as hair, but the most important superconducting layer thickness among them is only about 1% of the thickness of hair.

　　Wu Xiang, Deputy General Manager of Superconducting Materials Division of Shanghai Superconducting Technology Co., Ltd.: In fact, the superconducting layer is the most difficult for us to plate now, because its process is very special, and we use laser attachment deposition to coat the film.

　　But the most difficult thing is the technology of connecting superconducting tapes together. Although the length of superconducting tapes has been changed from the initial 100-meter level to the current kilometer level, there is no superconducting tape without joints in the world due to the existing technology. As soon as the superconducting tape has a joint, it will have resistance. How to reduce the resistance to the lowest value is not only a difficult problem for Chinese, but also a difficult problem for enterprises all over the world.

　　Wu Xiang: Our company has developed a superconducting joint technology, and its resistance can reach about two nanoohms. Now, everyone in the world can normally achieve about tens of nanoohms. Two nanoohms is relatively low at present.

　　After more than three years’ efforts, superconducting materials within the world’s advanced level have finally been successfully developed in Shanghai, China.

　　Zhao Yue: We have the same condition. Compared with some similar products in the world, its performance and current carrying capacity have improved by 25%. Under this condition, we are absolutely ahead.

　　This advanced superconducting material has broad application prospects, not only for maglev transportation, but also for superconducting cables, radio charging systems for new energy vehicles, and even for national defense and military affairs, such as the new launch technology of missiles — — Cold launch.

　　Zhao Yue: The traditional missile mode is ignition launch. In the initial process of missile ignition, a lot of heat will be generated and detected by the enemy, so certain measures will be taken against the missile. If we use superconducting energy storage device to release huge energy quickly in a short time, we can throw this weapon into the air and ignite it at a certain height, so it will be difficult for the enemy to find it. This is a very popular technology, and all developed countries are studying it.

　　The two difficulties of material and track passed, and Deng Zigang in the laboratory of Southwest Jiaotong University began to face the final problem, the maglev experimental vehicle.

　　Like other research and development modes of materials, the research and development of maglev experimental vehicle has been transferred from Chengdu to CRRC Tangshan Locomotive Company. How to make the car float, and keep the maglev car running safely, smoothly and without noise, whether turning or going uphill or downhill? The researchers of CRRC Tangshan Locomotive Company took over the baton developed.

　　Wu Huichao, Ph.D. Senior Engineer of CRRC Tangshan Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd.: Each of our bogies is equivalent to a row of legs of a centipede. When we turn a corner, every module can rotate flexibly. In this case, it is very flexible for us to suspend the car through the whole small corner.

　　In 2014, the vacuum high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation experimental line was successfully built in Chengdu laboratory of Southwest Jiaotong University. Through unremitting efforts, several generations of scholars from Southwest Jiaotong University have created one miracle after another in the field of magnetic levitation. At the same time, their contribution to scientific research theory has also won great repercussions at home and abroad. In 2016, Deng Zigang’s university teachers Wang Jiasu and Wang Suyu wrote down their lifelong research efforts and published them in Germany. At this time, it is nearly a hundred years since German scholars put forward the magnetic levitation technology. This is the first superconducting monograph published in English by China scholars in Germany, the birthplace of magnetic levitation.

　　Deng Zigang, Ph.D., State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University: These two books embody a process of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology, from leading to being chased, to leading again.

　　Southwest Jiaotong University’s research achievements in high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation also strongly attract foreign counterparts. Deng Zigang told reporters that a few months later, in July 2018, several Brazilian scholars will come to Southwest Jiaotong University to study.

　　Zhang Weihua, Chief Professor of Southwest Jiaotong University and Director of the State Key Laboratory of Traction Power: With the completion of a test platform with a speed of 400km/h and 400km+this year, we can achieve the highest speed. Next, we will do it at a speed of 1500 kilometers per hour, so I think we should be ahead in the world, whether it is high-temperature superconducting maglev or vacuum pipeline.

　　At present, China, Germany, Japan, the United States, Brazil and other countries are stepping up efforts to promote the practical process of superconducting magnetic levitation vehicles. Hyperloop one Company of the United States built a 500-meter-long vacuum pipeline test line in Nevada desert, and achieved a top speed of 310 km/h in 2017. In China, CRRC Qingdao Sifang Locomotive Company was officially launched in October 2016 to develop a high-speed maglev train project with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour. In August, 2017, China Aerospace Science and Industry Group announced that the project of "High-speed Flying Train", the fifth means of transportation for human beings, has been studied and demonstrated, with a maximum speed of 4,000 kilometers per hour, which is 10 times faster than the current maximum speed of 350 kilometers per hour for the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway!

　　Half-hour observation

　　At the most critical moment of scientific research and development, what our lens can record is the hardship and boredom in the process. But as the president of Southwest Jiaotong University said, today’s era is an era of creating miracles. China’s high-speed rail has been at the forefront of the world today, and the next generation of revolutionary technology research and development, China scientists have not slackened at all. Maybe in the near future, when you and I get on the high-speed rail with a speed of thousands of kilometers per hour, we will recall the hard work of these scientists today. The process is so boring, but what finally comes together is the miracle made in China.