In 1938, Wei Lihuang took a photo with Mao Zedong when he visited Yan ‘an.

Wei Lihuang

　　Wei Lihuang was Sun Yat-sen’s guardian, Chiang Kai-shek’s "General of the Five Tigers", and Mao Zedong’s friend. He was once a "war criminal" wanted by the Chinese Communist Party, and was later appointed as the vice chairman of the National Defense Commission of People’s Republic of China (PRC) … Throughout his life, Wei Lihuang was like a riddle. To solve this mystery, we must start from the historical origin of Wei Lihuang and communist party …

　　"Communist Suppression" Encountered "Xi ‘an Incident"

　　Wei Lihuang, whose name is Junru, was born in Hefei in 1897. His grandparents were poor peasants. In Wuchang Uprising in 1911, Wei Lihuang, who was under the age of 15, was drafted into the new army. After the Great Revolution was frustrated, he turned to Wuhan, joined the Xiang Army and became a professional soldier. Later, introduced by democratic revolutionaries, he went to Shanghai to join Sun Yat-sen’s crusade against Yuan Shikai and became Sun Yat-sen’s guardian. During the Northern Expedition, Wei Lihuang repeatedly made meritorious military service and became the youngest "small battalion commander".

　　Wei Lihuang, a warrior, fought against the Red Army many times. The "communist suppression" gave him "honor" and also gave him regret. In 1926, Wei Lihuang became a teacher, but because he was not born in Zhejiang and did not belong to Huangpu, it was difficult to gain the trust of Chiang Kai-shek, and he was just a "miscellaneous brand" in Chiang Kai-shek’s clique, and the two men had a lot of bad feelings. Despite his outstanding military exploits, Wei Lihuang, together with Liu Zhi, Gu Zhutong, Jiang Dingwen and Chen Cheng, was called Chiang Kai-shek’s "General of the Five Tigers", but he didn’t get a powerful official.

　　Before the "Xi ‘an Incident", Chiang Kai-shek appointed Wei Lihuang as "Commander-in-Chief of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region" and once again served as a tool for "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army. However, the shooting of the "Xi ‘an Incident" made them prisoners. At that time, forty or fifty people, including the family members of the Nanjing government in Wei Lihuang, were imprisoned in the Xijing Guest House.

　　Wei Lihuang knew that he was famous for his "anti-communism" and would die. However, the "Xi ‘an Incident" was resolved peacefully, and communist party let bygones be bygones. In this regard, Wei Lihuang was filled with emotion and embarked on a new starting point in life.

　　Tie the knot at the top of the CPC

　　On August 25th, 1937, the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and a month later, it was renamed as the 18th Army, which was subordinate to the Second World War Zone sequence under the command of Commander Yan Xishan and Deputy Commander Wei Lihuang. Facing the complicated situation, Yen Hsi-shan handed over the operational command to former enemy commander-in-chief Wei Lihuang. In this way, Wei Lihuang became the nominal "boss" of the Eighth Route Army.

　　After the Battle of Xinkou in 1939, Wei Lihuang met Zhou Enlai three times. On the eve of the founding of New China, Wei Lihuang fled to Hong Kong for seclusion. Zhou Enlai wrote: "The friends you met in Taiyuan welcome you back." After receiving this letter, Wei Lihuang got the message, and soon went on a trip.

　　During the Anti-Japanese War, Wei Lihuang also met with Commander-in-Chief Zhu De for three times and met with Liu Shaoqi. In April 1938, Wei Lihuang was invited by Mao Zedong to visit Yan ‘an for three days. Mao Zedong hosted a luncheon. During the dinner, Mao Zedong made an exception for drinking, and they left eight photos. Wei Lihuang regarded his photo with Mao Zedong and other communist party people as a treasure, and took it with him for a long time. It was not until he was detained by Chiang Kai-shek in Guangzhou that he had to destroy it.

　　After the trip to Yan ‘an, Wei Lihuang recruited progressive students sent by communist party, and even his personal secretary chose communist party people. Later, he even asked about his participation in communist party through reliable sources. I! V; W1 q% Y3 h0 _

　　Wei Lihuang, however, all this, but Chiang Kai-shek’s eyes and ears. A liaison officer of Major General Senior Staff told on Wei Lihuang that he was suspected of being "pro-Communist". Jiang sent people to investigate, although there was no definite evidence, but he still had doubts. Jiang said to people, "Wei can fight, but he doesn’t understand politics."

　　In May, 1941, Chiang Kai-shek excused Wei Lihuang, then commander of the First Theater, from his post as chairman of the Henan provincial government, and removed him from the rank of general, so that he could be paid to support his mother in Chengdu. At this time, Zhou Enlai said to Wei Lihuang, "You are tired by us." For Wei Lihuang, the greatest comfort is this.

　　Secret telegram to the Communist Party of China during inspection in Europe and America

　　In the autumn of 1943, Chiang Kai-shek invited Wei Lihuang to Chongqing, restored his rank as a general and appointed him as the commander of the Chinese Expeditionary Force. In May 1944, Wei Lihuang commanded the Chinese Expeditionary Force to counterattack. Wei Lihuang visited the front line in person, and his scene was photographed by American army reporters and published in the American Time Magazine, which made him famous.

　　After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Wei Lihuang was once again idle by Chiang Kai-shek, who was bent on civil war and paid for his study abroad. Before the trip, Wei Lihuang arranged for Kibaki to make a fresh start for the future, and took the opportunity of going abroad to contact the Communist Party of China (CPC) through overseas relatives.

　　In November 1946, Wei Lihuang and his party, consisting of four people, set out from Shanghai and went to the United States via Japan. In the spring of 1947, Wei Lihuang left the United States for Europe. When I first arrived in England, my wife Han Quanhua sent a letter to my nephew Wang Dezhao in France. Wang is a progressive student leader in China, who has secret contact with the Communist Party of China (CPC). After arriving in Paris, Wei Mi made an appointment with Wang Dezhao and cut to the chase as soon as they met, asking him to contact the Communist Party of China (CPC) as soon as possible.

　　Wei and Wang met each other late. Wei Lihuang wrote a telegram to the Communist Party of China (CPC), the main content of which is: I intend to end the civil war as soon as possible, and I am determined to stand on the side of the people and cooperate with "relevant parties". In view of the current sinister environment, I hope to keep it absolutely secret. Soon Wang Dezhao told Wei Lihuang that the telegram had passed through a certain country and turned to "relevant parties". The other party hoped that Wei Lihuang would choose the right time and do something beneficial to the revolution.

　　Secretly help the battle between Liaoning and Shenyang

　　As Wei Lihuang expected, in October 1947, Chiang Kai-shek urged Wei Lihuang to return home. Wei Lihuang to shenyang, namely received Wang Dezhao cables from Paris-"previous telegram in Paris, has reached its destination. The other party has a reply, saying that it can use the current situation to act. "

　　Wei Lihuang took up the important post of "suppression general", but he did not revolt, which has always been a historical mystery. Only people who know the inside story know that it is difficult for Wei Lihuang to fully mobilize troops, even the guards around him are difficult to command, and Wei Lihuang’s important move is always tipped off by spies to Jiang. Therefore, Wei Lihuang to the northeast, in addition to the request to send reinforcements, can only stay put, deliberately delay the fighter.

　　On October 2, 1948, Chiang Kai-shek flew to Shenyang, summoned officers above division level to lecture, and cursed the northeast generals for passively avoiding war. Chiang Kai-shek also put aside Wei Lihuang, personally command. At this point, the enemy trapped in Jinzhou was anxious for help from Shenyang, but Wei Lihuang remained on hold. On October 14th, the People’s Liberation Army conquered Jinzhou, and more than 100,000 people under the Kuomintang enemy’s defensive line Fan Hanjie were captured. Since then, Changchun’s enemy troops on the defensive have rapidly disintegrated.

　　On December 25th, 1948, the Communist Party of China announced 43 war criminals of the Kuomintang, with Chiang Kai-shek at the top of the list and Wei Lihuang ranked 13th. In fact, the Chinese Communist Party has gone to great lengths to protect Wei Lihuang, otherwise it will aggravate Wei Lihuang’s suspicion of "communicating with the Communist Party". Because of this, Wei Lihuang escaped being killed and was placed under house arrest by Chiang Kai-shek. After escaping from the clutches, he passed through Shanghai, and Wei Lihuang arrived in Hong Kong on a British ship. This sinister journey made him another legend.　

Editor: Li Yongchao

Sunset on the Yellow River. (Photo by Ma Jian)

Wushu performance in front of Shaolin Temple. (Photo by Ma Jian)

Damei Songshan Mountain. (Li Wei photo)

　　Sub-forum on "Diversity, Exchange and Mutual Learning of World River Civilization"

　　Promote the comparative study of civilizations in major river basins around the world.

　　At the sub-forum of "Diversity, Exchange and Mutual Learning of World River Civilization", scholars at home and abroad conducted in-depth exchanges around the theme of "Research on Ancient Civilization from a Global Perspective".

　　The achievements of the "Chinese Civilization Sourcing Project" confirmed that around 5,300 years ago, the vast areas including the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Xiliao River Basin entered the stage of civilization one after another, and all regions interacted closely, forming a "pluralistic and integrated" "China Interaction Circle", which laid the foundation for the origin of Chinese civilization.

　　Professor Han Jianye from Renmin University of China introduced the latest archaeological discovery of Nanzuo site in Qingyang, Gansu Province in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Nanzuo site is one of the largest settlement sites in the late Yangshao culture about 5000 years ago. The grand scale of Nanzuo site and its strong organization and mobilization ability are the most powerful proof of the emergence of regional political power. Han Jianye said: "At that time, the Loess Plateau had clearly entered a civilized society and an early country appeared."

　　Hongshan culture is one of the pioneers and representatives of the origin of Chinese civilization. Jia Xiaobing, the leader of the archaeological team of Niuheliang Site and a researcher at the Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, introduced that a series of discoveries at Niuheliang Site in Liaohe River Basin revealed that Hongshan culture continued the long-standing tradition in the northern region during its occurrence and development, and at the same time accepted and integrated other regional traditions, forming an open and inclusive social system that valued etiquette and despised secularism, laying the foundation for the "original civilization" in the north.

　　Shijiahe site in Tianmen, Hubei Province is a prehistoric settlement group with the largest known distribution area, the most complete preservation, the longest duration and the highest level in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Professor Meng Huaping, deputy dean of the School of History and Culture of Hubei University, said: "From the late Qujialing culture to the Shijiahe culture, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River became an important representative of the diversified pattern of early Chinese civilization, and Shijiahe site was the most prominent carrier, which can be regarded as the center of early civilization in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and has an important position of cultural guidance and cultural radiation."

　　Professor Tang Jigen of south university of science and technology of china Cultural Heritage Research Center believes that Shang Dynasty, as one of the representatives of the Yellow River civilization, showed outstanding innovation in writing, architecture, bronze casting, astronomical calendar and mathematics. Ran Honglin, director of Sanxingdui Archaeological Research Institute of Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, introduced the archaeological excavation, cultural relics protection and multidisciplinary research results of Sanxingdui site. He said: "Sanxingdui site shows the close communication between the ancient Shu civilization and the Xia and Shang dynasties in the Central Plains more than 3,000 years ago, which provides more powerful archaeological evidence for the pluralistic and integrated pattern of Chinese civilization." Fang Qin, president of Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, introduced the excavation and research of Zeng Guo’s series of tombs in Zhou Dynasty. The series of archaeological discoveries of Zeng Guo unveiled the mystery of Zeng Guo, a Zhou Dynasty vassal state that did not exist in the literature, and built a history of Zeng Guo for more than 700 years, which also provided an important time scale for the study of Zhou Dynasty vassal States.

　　Sino-foreign joint archaeological achievements are rich. In 2015, the Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences cooperated with the Honduran Institute of Anthropology and History to start the excavation of Copan site, an important city-state of Mayan civilization, which was the first archaeological project in Central China hosted by American archaeologists. In 2018, the first Sino-Egyptian joint archaeological team conducted archaeology in the Montu Temple area in northern Karnak, Egypt. At present, archaeological excavations have achieved initial results. Professor Yang Jianhua from the School of Archaeology of Jilin University made a comparative study on the origin of civilizations in the Yellow River basin and the two rivers.

　　"Dialogue between Chinese Civilization and World Civilization" Sub-forum-

　　Carry out the dialogue between Chinese civilization and world civilization

　　As one of the sub-forums of the 2023 World River Civilization Forum, the sub-forum "Dialogue between Chinese Civilization and World Civilization" (Songshan Forum 2023 Annual Meeting) opened in Dengfeng on September 16th. The theme of this year’s annual conference is "Strive for Self-improvement, Respect Virtue and Carry Forward the World Civilization", which is hosted by China International Cultural Exchange Center and Peking University Institute of Advanced Humanities. More than 30 scholars at home and abroad have conducted exchanges and dialogues on the theme.

　　Zhang Guangzhi, director of the Organizing Committee of Songshan Forum, said in his opening speech: "Self-improvement and morality are the essence of ideological wisdom left by Chinese ancestors."

　　Hertha nagel-Doskar, an academician of the International School of Philosophy and a professor of philosophy at the Vienna University, Wang Zhongjiang, Executive Dean of the Peking University Institute of Advanced Humanities, Jing Haifeng, a professor of Chinese Studies at Shenzhen University, Ren Jiantao, a professor of political science at Tsinghua University, Chen Xia, a researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Liu Cheng, a professor of history at Nanjing University, and Yun Chen, a professor of philosophy at East China Normal University, delivered keynote speeches at the forum. Experts believe that spiritual issues are very important to contemporary philosophy; The rapid progress of contemporary civilization has opened up an unprecedented development space for China traditional culture; In today’s era, the human world must have a pluralistic, resilient and integrated vision of peace; The future destiny of the earth needs more moderate and effective global governance; It is urgent for the world to form an equal international order and solve the common problems of economy, ecology and so on.

　　On the afternoon of September 16th, the key link of the forum-"The Great Change and the Spiritual Turn of World Philosophy" was held under "General Bo" in Songyang Academy. Mary Evelyn Tucker, a lecturer at Yale University’s School of Environment, Yao Xinzhong, a professor at China Renmin University’s School of Philosophy, Deng Bingyuan, a professor at Fudan University’s Department of History, Ludwig nagel, a tenured professor at Vienna University, and Wang Zhihe, executive director of the US-China Institute of Postmodern Development, attended the dialogue. Dialogue scholars believe that with the development of history, how can we find a path to peace and cultural understanding through civilized dialogue? How to achieve sustainable development? This is worthy of attention.

　　The second day of the forum was held in Zhengzhou. Fang Zhaohui, a professor at Tsinghua University Humanities College, Chen Lisheng, a professor at Sun Yat-sen University’s Philosophy Department, John Grimm, a professor at Yale University’s School of Environment, Han Xing, a professor at China Renmin University’s National College, Hu Zhihong, a professor at Wuhan University’s China Traditional Culture Research Center, and Zhang Zailin, a professor at Xi ‘an Jiaotong University’s Humanities College. Su Hao, an associate professor at Sun Yat-sen University’s Philosophy Department, Chen Maoze, an assistant researcher at Peking University Institute of Advanced Humanities, More than 20 experts and scholars, such as Li Hansong, a research scholar in the government department of Harvard University, and Ke Leshan, a research scholar in Tubingen University, discussed two topics: "Pluralistic Modernity and the New Form of Human Civilization" and "Kundao Care from the Perspective of Spiritual Humanism". In the closing session, Qiao Qingju, a professor at the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National School of Administration), gave a keynote speech entitled "The Civilization Significance of the View of the World".

　　Sub-forum on "Chinese Civilization and the Inheritance and Promotion of Yellow River Culture"

　　The resilience of the Yellow River culture and the continuity of Chinese civilization

　　The sub-forum "Chinese Civilization and the Inheritance and Promotion of Yellow River Culture" was held in Zhengzhou, Henan Province on September 17th, with the theme of "Resilience of Yellow River Culture and Continuity of Chinese Civilization". The sub-forum was hosted by the Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development Research Center of Henan University, and more than 40 scholars from nearly 20 units including China Academy of Social Sciences and Capital Normal University attended the forum. Wang Zhenzhong, a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, gave a keynote speech entitled "Colorful and eclectic Chinese culture and the inclusiveness of the Chinese nation". Fang Hui, Dean of the School of History and Culture of Shandong University, and Wei Jiyin, Executive Dean of the China Historical Research Institute-Huanghe Culture Research Institute of Henan University, presided over the keynote speech successively.

　　Chen Honghai, a professor at Northwest University, believes that the agricultural economy in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is the result of the westward expansion of Yangshao cultural agricultural population in the eastern neighboring areas. Since then, handicraft industry and commodity trade have gradually grown, and metallurgical technology has also been introduced and developed. Cultural exchange has promoted the process of civilization, and the social complexity of Qijia culture period shows that it has entered the early stage of civilization.

　　Huang Fucheng, a researcher at Zhengzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that 216 funerary objects, such as bronzes, goldsmiths and jades, were unearthed from M2, the main tomb of Shuyuan Street Cemetery in the southeast corner of Zhengzhou Mall, which is the noblest tomb with the largest number of funerary objects, the richest variety and the highest grade. Shuyuan Street Cemetery explains the key cultural connotation of Zhengzhou, the capital of Shang Dynasty, which plays an important role in the evolution of Xia-Shang civilization and is of great significance to explore the formation and development of the early national ritual and music system.

　　Hou Yongjian, a professor at Shaanxi Normal University, pointed out that the farming society in the Yellow River Basin has cultivated people’s peace-loving thoughts, a sense of preparedness for disasters, a moral culture characterized by "self-restraint", and a spirit of hard work, perseverance, self-improvement and courage to fight.

　　Liu Haiwang, president of Henan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that the Yellow River and the canals connected with it have increasingly influenced the development of Chinese civilization. At the latest in the Warring States period, the gap water system that artificially communicated the Yellow River and Huaihe River was formed, which strengthened the economic and cultural ties between the Central Plains and surrounding areas and created conditions for the reunification of Qin and Han Dynasties in the future. Since the opening of the Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal connecting the north and the south has played an important role in the history of China.

　　Qi Shuyu, a professor at the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National School of Administration), put forward that the cultural tourism belt in the Yellow River Basin should form a spatial structure with three zones cooperating, five zones in series and multi-point radiation. It is necessary to optimize the allocation of cultural tourism resources, handle the relationship between fairness and efficiency, part and whole, present and long-term, establish a collaborative mechanism of the Yellow River cultural tourism belt, and promote the coordinated development of the cultural tourism belt in the Yellow River basin.

　　Sub-forum on "Ecological Protection and High-quality Development in the Yellow River Basin"

　　Promoting High-quality Development and Building People’s Happiness River

　　On September 17th, the sub-forum on "Ecological Protection and High-quality Development in the Yellow River Basin" was held in Zhengzhou. This is one of the sub-forums of the 2023 World River Civilization Forum, which is hosted by Henan Academy of Social Sciences.

　　Experts and scholars from all over the country have formed a series of constructive views around the in-depth implementation of the strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.

　　Promote the in-depth implementation of the strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin according to law. Experts attending the meeting said that the promulgation and implementation of the Yellow River Protection Law provided a solid legal guarantee for the mother river to maintain its vitality forever. It is necessary to include the Yellow River Protection Law in the important content of legal popularization, widely publicize the legislative intention, practical requirements and scope of application of the Yellow River Protection Law, and promote the whole society to form a good atmosphere of consciously respecting, learning, abiding by and using the law.

　　Systematically promote the great protection and governance of river basins. Experts attending the meeting believe that it is necessary to adhere to the system concept, base on the integrity of the whole basin and ecosystem, jointly do a good job in great protection, promote great governance in coordination, and build a baseline for ecological protection; It is necessary to take water resources as the greatest rigid constraint, coordinate the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, and coordinate the protection and management of water environment, water ecology and water resources; It is necessary to adhere to local conditions and promote water conservation in the upper reaches, soil and water conservation and pollution control in the middle reaches, and wetland ecosystem protection in the lower reaches.

　　Solidly promote comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation. Experts attending the meeting put forward suggestions around the comprehensive green and low-carbon economic and social transformation of the Yellow River Basin: accelerating industrial ecologicalization and optimizing industrial structure and energy structure; Strengthen the guidance of green technology innovation direction.

　　Build and use the Yellow River National Cultural Park. Experts attending the meeting suggested that it is necessary to integrate resources, innovate methods and improve mechanisms to promote the scientific protection, rational utilization and generation-to-generation inheritance of important cultural heritage along the Yellow River.

　　Dig deep into the value of the Yellow River culture. Experts attending the meeting believe that it is necessary to systematically integrate the cultural resources of the Yellow River, explore new spirits, ideas and values in the protection and inheritance of the Yellow River culture, comprehensively enhance the historical, social and economic values of the Yellow River culture, form a cultural system of the Yellow River with new era characteristics, and gather spiritual strength for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Deepen the development space of cultural tourism integration. Experts attending the meeting proposed to build a number of special cultural tourism routes of the Yellow River with local cultural elements, build a number of venues such as the Yellow River Museum and the Yellow River Cultural Experience Hall, and select a number of non-legacy projects such as traditional skills.

　　Actively carry out regional exploration. Experts attending the meeting summarized the practice and exploration of provinces along the Yellow River. Qinghai and Sichuan strengthened ecological restoration and comprehensive management, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi promoted comprehensive management of soil erosion, and Ningxia, Shanxi and Shandong accelerated the conversion of old and new kinetic energy.

　　Continuously strengthen river basin cooperation. Experts attending the meeting believe that with the in-depth implementation of the strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, opportunities for inter-provincial regional cooperation are increasing, and the overall coordination mechanism should be improved as soon as possible to accelerate the realization of policy planning coordination, disaster prevention and mitigation linkage, law enforcement and supervision cooperation, and information sharing.

　　Continue to deepen the practice in Henan. Experts attending the meeting said that Henan should pay attention to giving full play to its advantages and highlighting its characteristics, especially as a major agricultural province, and should combine the implementation of rural revitalization strategy with the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, protect the ecology, develop the industry and inherit the civilization, and strive to promote the comprehensive revitalization of the villages along the Yellow River; It is necessary to speed up the pace of reform, opening up and innovation, continuously stimulate internal vitality and promote high-quality economic and social development.

Jingbao News (Reporter Zhao Weijun of Shenzhen Newspaper Group) On December 18th, Beijing time, the latest Shenzhen city tourism propaganda film appeared on the Nasdaq screen in new york Times Square, attracting many pedestrians to stop and watch. In the 15-second video, Ping An Financial Center, China Resources Building, Civic Center, Nantou Ancient City, Wai House World Residence, Meisha Treading Waves, Wutong Yanyun and other most representative human landscapes, natural scenery and landmark buildings in Shenzhen appeared one by one, showing the infinite charm of this modern, international and innovative city.

Times Square is the most prosperous area in new york, USA. It is called "the crossroads of the world" and is the focus of global attention and media attention. As the year 2023 is coming to an end and the New Year is approaching, Shenzhen elements will dominate the screen here, making the world look at the East, which will not only make a great contribution to this city of science and technology and the capital of creativity, but also make the high-spirited urban spirit and sense of strength bloom in front of us.

What you can see in the promotion video is the ancient meaning of the poems and books handed down from ancient times around the house, the cultural memory of the ancient city of Nantou, the echo of Kunqu Opera strolling in the Garden Expo Park, the blue waves of boating in the Dasha River, the breeze of lotus leaves in Honghu Park, the magnificent beauty of the sea and the sky in Meisha, the unique beauty of China Resources Building, the bright sunshine of Ping An Financial Center and the rotation of the happy harbor.

In this 15-second fast-paced visual narrative, a vibrant Shenzhen is presented as diverse, three-dimensional and vivid. "She" sends an invitation to the whole world: Welcome to Shenzhen! Here, there is not only a high-quality business environment, but also a miracle with every struggler with dreams; There are also rich cultural tourism resources, which make people feel the fireworks and humanistic feelings in an immersive way; There is also a sincere, friendly and inclusive open attitude: mankind is a whole, the earth is a common home, dare to venture and try, share opportunities and create the future together!

The news that "Shenzhen Time" appeared in Times Square in new york got out of the street, and the video was simultaneously launched on overseas mainstream social media accounts, which triggered a warm response from netizens at home and abroad. As of the press release on the evening of 19th, the topic of "Shenzhen Shines at the Crossroads of the World" rushed to the hot search in Weibo, with nearly 10,000 hits on new media platforms such as Shenzhen Evening News client, headline number, People’s number, Penguin number and Netease number, as well as new media platforms such as Shenzhen, Reading Special, Reading Creative, SNG Greater Bay Area, English Shenzhen Daily, Shekou News, Bao ‘an Rong Media and Innovation Nanshan, and overseas social media such as YouTube and Facebook. Netizens shouted "Shenzhen is worthy" and praised Shenzhen as "a city that creates dreams", "young, inclusive, innovative and energetic" and "opening up will be full of vitality"! This video is even more about the friends circle of Shenzhen people. Some netizens said, "This is our treasure Shenzhen, which you can always trust. From the bustling city to the quiet coast, every corner is full of unique charm!"

　 　 　 　 CCTV News:US President Trump, who is on vacation at a golf club in New Jersey, USA, has been a little busy recently. In the past two days, he has issued war threats to North Korea on the other side of the ocean and Venezuela in the "backyard" of the United States, even saying "lock the target and load it", but this "loaded gun" has not been shot out, but something has happened in the United States.

　 　 　 　 Trump "swears" at the two countries in one day.

　 　 　 　 At 7: 30 a.m. local time on August 11th, US President Trump made a tough stance on North Korea, saying that if North Korea made an unwise choice, the US army had been "locked and loaded" and urged Kim Jong-un, who had previously said that he wanted to strike American Guam militarily, to "find another way". In the afternoon, Trump said that if North Korea is too provocative, or takes any action against other American territories in Guam and other American allies, then North Korea will regret it, and Kim Jong-un will soon regret it. This is Trump’s second verbal threat to North Korea in the same day.

US President Trump (data map)

　 　 　 　 On the same day of swearing at the DPRK, US President Trump also threatened Venezuela with war. Trump said that the United States has many choices in "responding" to the current situation in Venezuela, and he will not rule out the possibility of taking military action against Venezuela. On the same day, Trump refused to explain whether any possible military action against the Committee would be dominated by the US military. This is the first time that the Trump administration has proposed not to rule out military action against Venezuela since Venezuela announced the election of the Constituent Assembly.　

　 　 　 　 US President Trump: "There are our troops all over the world, even far away, not to mention Venezuela is not far from the United States, where people live in dire straits. We have many ‘ Coping with ’ Way, you can use force when necessary. " 　 　 　 　

　 　 　 　 Fire in the backyard! Riots broke out in Virginia, USA

White racists held the rally with fire in their hands.

　 　 　 　 On the evening of 11th, thousands of white racists held a large-scale rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, which turned into a violent conflict on 12th. During the conflict, a car rushed into the crowd at the scene. At present, the incident has caused at least one death and 34 injuries.

A car rushed into the crowd at the scene.

　 　 　 　 The police later arrested a 20-year-old man from Ohio who was suspected of deliberately driving into a crowd. The mayor of Charlottesville said that the local Council had decided to take a curfew.

　 　 　 　 The city government of Charlottesville, Virginia had previously decided to remove a statue of robert lee, a southern general during the American Civil War. Thousands of nationalists gathered in Charlottesville on the evening of 11th and held a torch parade. On the 12 th, people who opposed the protest also organized a rally, and the two sides subsequently clashed on the streets of Charlottesville. In the afternoon, a car rushed into the crowd, killing one person and injuring many others.

　 　 　 　 Trump condemned the violence but did not criticize racist groups.

　 　 　 　 On the afternoon of the 12th, Trump delivered a speech condemning the violence. Trump did not criticize the white racist groups that caused the riots, but said that the problem of the United States has a long history.

Trump condemns Virginia riots

　 　 　 　 US President Trump: "We are paying close attention to the vicious incident in Charlottesville, Virginia. We condemn this vicious incident in the strongest possible terms, which shows hatred, paranoia and violence in many aspects." "This issue (racial contradiction) has a long history, not from the Trump era, nor from the Obama era. This issue has a long history." 　 　 　 　　

　 　 　 　 Charlottesville, Virginia: Freedom and Extreme Coexistence

　 　 　 　 Charlottesville, where the conflict occurred, is located in Virginia, USA. Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, was born in Charlottesville. Thomas Jefferson was also the main drafter of the famous American Declaration of Independence.

　 　 　 　 Charlottesville is regarded as a town with free and open mind. In last year’s US presidential election, 86% of voters voted for Hillary Clinton. However, according to media reports, there are many anti-immigrant white extreme right-wing groups in Charlottesville, including the neo-Nazi Party and the Klan.

　　Authors: Liu Chuqun and Xia Xuesheng (professors and doctoral students of Jiangxi Normal University respectively)

　　editorial comment/note

　　The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the traditional Chinese festival "Double Ninth Festival", and it is also the "China Elderly Festival". In recent years, China’s population aging presents the situation and characteristics of large quantity, fast speed, great difference and heavy task. The state has issued a series of development plans, and defined the strategic objectives and implementation steps of active aging. The language life of the elderly is related to their quality of life and physical and mental health. It is the basic condition for the elderly to enjoy a happy old age and needs more social attention.

　　Li Na/painting

　　Aging has a global trend in contemporary times; Caring for the life of the elderly is a topic of universal significance. China is a country with a large population of elderly people, with the population over 60 years old reaching 260 million. The fourth sampling survey on the living conditions of the elderly in urban and rural areas of China shows that the living conditions of the elderly in China are generally good. The family status of the elderly is relatively stable, and their independence and discourse power are high; Living conditions are good, most of them have independent rooms, and the electrical equipment in the rooms is relatively modern; There are various leisure ways, including traveling, chess and cards, reading books and newspapers, walking and chatting, planting flowers and keeping pets, etc. Neighborhood relations are harmonious, and they often walk around and help each other.

　　The above survey reflects the overall living conditions of the elderly, but it still lacks the necessary attention to the language life, the core content of the elderly life. Language life, in short, is all kinds of social activities and personal activities carried out by using language as a bridge. The quality of language life has an important influence on the living conditions, quality of life, mental state, mental health and physical and mental pleasure of the elderly.

　　　Language living conditions of the elderly

　　In order to understand the real language life of the elderly, the author’s research group conducted a survey in more than 30 cities and rural areas in Jiangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Chongqing and other provinces and cities in August 2022, and received 455 valid questionnaires. Among the questionnaire samples, 48% were male and 52% were female. Rural areas account for 46%, and urban areas account for 54%. Among them, 31% of urban elderly people come from rural areas to cities to help their children look after their children and do housework. 30% are 60 ~ 65 years old, 25% are 66 ~ 70 years old, 18% are 70 ~ 75 years old, 11% are 76 ~ 80 years old, 11% are 81 ~ 85 years old, and 5% are over 86 years old. Primary school education or below accounts for 60%, secondary school education (technical secondary school) education accounts for 31%, and university education or above accounts for 9%. On the whole, the respondents are low-educated and most of them are under 80 years old.

　　The survey found that there are some obvious deficiencies in the language life of some elderly people. In terms of language ability, most elderly people do not have language barriers in social interaction, but there are still 37% elderly people who often have language barriers caused by dialect differences in interpersonal communication outside their families. In terms of communication objects, the communication objects of the elderly in their daily lives are mainly middle-aged and elderly people, and the communication with young people, especially teenagers, is obviously insufficient. 83% of the elderly rarely communicate with teenagers, and 60% of the elderly even communicate with their children and grandchildren. 70% of the elderly said there was a generation gap in communication with middle-aged people, and 88% said there was a generation gap in communication with teenagers. In terms of speaking time and willingness to communicate, 46% of the elderly said that the daily speaking time was less than before, and 43% of the elderly said that their willingness to actively communicate was lower than before. In terms of network communication, many elderly people will use their mobile phones for shopping, information inquiry, social chat, entertainment, etc., and 41% of the elderly people interviewed said that they only use their mobile phones to make phone calls and can hardly do anything else; The elderly who can use WeChat account for 47%, but only 5% can use Weibo, email and other network applications. The vast majority of the elderly (88%) are still used to using the telephone to communicate. In terms of understanding buzzwords and new words, only 1% of the respondents said they were familiar with them, and 84% said they basically didn’t know them.

　　The survey results show that the limitations of the language life of contemporary elderly people are mainly as follows: cross-dialect communication is difficult, communication with younger generations is less, there is a generation gap with young people, the speaking time is reduced, the willingness to speak is reduced, digital products and new media are not familiar enough, and there is a distance between them and popular language and culture.

　　Physical and mental changes are important constraints.

　　Most elderly people are eager to keep up with the pace of language life, but some elderly people are unwilling to actively participate in social language life because of various objective conditions and subjective reasons.

　　Physical aging leads to the decline of cognitive ability and language ability, such as listening, vision, memory, pronunciation ability, vocabulary retrieval ability, topic control ability, fluency of language output, complexity of syntactic use, accuracy of language understanding, etc., which all decline with age, which makes the elderly (especially the very old) have practical difficulties in language use in social communication.

　　The change of social role has influenced the language living environment and wishes of the elderly. Everyone has to play many social roles in his life. These roles are usually arranged continuously, and each role is associated with a certain age or life stage. Aging will lead to the loss or interruption of some roles. For example, the elderly will change from the leading role of family, unit and society to a supporting role or even "no corner", which often becomes an important reason why some elderly people are unhappy or even self-enclosed. The elderly constitute a sub-cultural group. Members in the group can find a common language, and it is easier to know and realize themselves. However, there is a clear psychological distance from people outside the group, so the elderly often lack the subjective motivation to communicate with young people, and sometimes even deliberately avoid communicating with young people.

　　In addition, many elderly people who go to the city with their children have problems such as unfamiliar environment, few social opportunities caused by dialect barriers, single conversation object and narrow conversation topics, which may lead to intangible isolation and inner loneliness of the elderly, thus making them lack of healthy and colorful language life.

　　Work together to optimize the language life of the elderly

　　Physical aging is a natural law, but the psychological state can be adjusted. Only by overcoming the obstacles of subjective psychology can the elderly live a good language life, and families and society need to create convenient conditions for the elderly to live a good language life.

　　First, get rid of self-enclosed psychology and take the initiative to participate in communication.Old age is the most mature stage in life, with rich life experience and social experience, and accumulated a lot of tangible and intangible knowledge wealth. Schopenhauer, a philosopher, believes that the experience of the elderly gives them a holistic perspective to control the overall situation. Old people think comprehensively and deal with problems carefully, and can truly be far-sighted and far-sighted; The elderly are highly respected, deeply emotional and willing to contribute, and often become the core and pillar of units, collectives and families. The transformation of social roles has its objective inevitability. The elderly can actively participate in other forms of social interaction and reconstruct the new roles that are most suitable for them. This is the only magic weapon for the elderly to re-recognize themselves, maintain their vitality and improve their happiness index.

　　Second, actively carry out study and training to improve language ability.The elderly can choose appropriate language learning and training contents and methods according to their own basic conditions and hobbies. The common ones are: (1) Reading poems and prose aloud, which will not only help to exercise the function of pronunciation system, but also cultivate the body and mind. (2) Persist in reading and analyze some long and difficult sentences properly, so as to enhance the language processing ability. (3) Insist on telling stories, exercise memory ability and improve narrative ability. (4) Learning a second language can delay the decline of cognitive ability and language ability of the elderly. Many surveys show that, as one of several non-pharmacological strategies to improve the aging process and reduce aging defects, language learning training is not only helpful to improve the cognitive function and self-esteem of the elderly, increase social opportunities, but also significantly improve the sense of accomplishment and happiness of the elderly. It is a very important psychological treatment and rehabilitation tool.

　　Third, cross the digital divide and promote communication.Facing the dazzling application of mobile phones in the digital age, many elderly people fall into a deep digital divide, and travel, shopping, medical treatment, communication and access to information are greatly restricted. In fact, digital products also have their humanized side, and many mobile phone applications have launched old-age versions and large-character versions. Active use of digital products is of great help to the daily communication and language learning of the elderly, and can even become a "treasure chest" to delay aging. The elderly who have eliminated the digital barrier not only have a more convenient life, but also greatly enhance their self-confidence, and have a closer psychological distance with young people. For example, the elderly who often use friends circle and video chat have a fuller life, are more familiar with the joys and sorrows of young people, and also let young people know more about their hobbies, which invisibly enhances the feelings between generations.

　　Fourth, multi-parties care together to optimize the language life of the elderly.Respecting and loving the elderly is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation. An important way to practice the tradition is to help the elderly live a good daily life, including language life. In the family, young people should pay more attention to the psychological needs of their elders, introduce more anecdotes in life, and encourage the elderly to talk more and communicate more. If possible, they can also write memoirs, and don’t show boredom with the "nagging and nagging" of the elderly; Children and grandchildren who have lived in other places for many years can actively contact the elderly with the help of convenient modern communication means, which not only urges the elderly to talk more, but also makes the life of the elderly, especially the elderly living alone, less monotonous, and promotes the elderly to skillfully use digital products and promote the high-quality development of their language life. All enterprises, institutions and grass-roots communities should implement the national policy for the development of the cause of the elderly, provide convenient and suitable venues for the elderly, actively organize various cultural and sports activities for the elderly, and guide the elderly to go out often, make friends and chat more, so as to keep their body and mind happy. Academic circles should strengthen the research on the language of the elderly, explore the language characteristics of all kinds of elderly people and the language skills of communicating with them. In a word, the common care of the elderly by families, social organizations and academic circles is an indispensable external condition to ensure the elderly to live a good language life.

　　The living conditions of the elderly are an important indicator to measure social governance and social civilization. Living a good language life for the elderly is the basic condition for the elderly to enjoy a happy old age, which not only requires the elderly to participate in social activities with a positive attitude and actively integrate into the ever-changing times, but also requires all sectors of society to pay attention to caring for the elderly and create a warm family and social atmosphere for the elderly. "Mo Dao Sang Yu is late, and the twilight is still full of sky." Old age is a long life course, and no one can bypass this journey. May all old friends enjoy this wonderful sunset happily.

　　　　The term "United Nations Army" first appeared in the history of the United Nations in the Korean War. Under the banner of the United Nations, the United States organized 16 troops to intervene militarily in the Korean issue, expanded the Korean War, and spread the war to the border areas of China, threatening China’s national security.

　　　　The Korean War began on June 25th, 1950 and ended on July 27th, 1953, which lasted for three years, one month and two days. During this period, the United States manipulated the United Nations to pass a number of resolutions, pieced together 16 troops to form the "United Nations Army" and put them into the Korean battlefield.

　　　　What kind of troops is the "United Nations Army"? Which countries’ troops does it consist of? How does it pull the "banner" of the United Nations as a "tiger skin"? The author systematically disclosed the inside story of the "United Nations Army" in the Korean War by synthesizing various materials and interviewing relevant experts for readers.

　　　　The formation of the "United Nations Army" was premeditated.

　　　　After the Korean War broke out, while the United States intervened by force, it manipulated the United Nations to adopt a series of resolutions, which put on a legal coat for its armed intervention. In fact, it is the established policy of the United States to use the United Nations to take "collective action" in Asia, which can be said to have been planned for a long time.

　　　　When the victory of the Second World War was in sight, the heads of allied countries put forward their ideas on the fate of North Korea when discussing the post-war international arrangements. In November 1943, at the Cairo Conference, the heads of the United States, Britain and China wrote in the Cairo Declaration jointly signed: "My three major countries are concerned about the slave treatment of the Korean people and decided to make North Korea free and independent for a considerable period of time." In February 1945, at the Yalta Conference, US President Roosevelt proposed to Stalin: "North Korea should be managed by a representative of the Soviet Union, an American representative and a China representative, and the shorter the trusteeship period, the better." Stalin agreed and suggested that Britain should also be invited to participate in the trusteeship. Therefore, the plan of temporary trusteeship for North Korea by the United States, the Soviet Union, China and Britain after the war was decided at the Yalta Conference.

　　　　However, before the four countries reached a specific agreement on the trusteeship of North Korea, in early August 1945, Soviet troops launched an attack on the Japanese Kwantung Army stationed in northeast China and North Korea. At this time, the nearest American ground troops to North Korea are still 600 miles away in Okinawa. On August 10th, the State Council held an emergency meeting to discuss the issue of surrender in North Korea.

　　　　Assistant Secretary of State Dunn suggested that the area where American troops accepted Japanese surrender should move northward as far as possible. However, Colonel Rusk Dean, the chief of staff of Defense Minister Marshall, pointed out that it was difficult for the military to enter North Korea before the Soviet army because of the lack of troops to immediately invest in North Korea and the factors such as time and space. As a result, Assistant Secretary of the Army Mike and Colonel Charles Bonisti put forward "a"

　　　　As far as possible to the north, but not "rejected by the Soviet Union", the two had envisaged dividing the boundaries of surrender according to the administrative areas of North Korea, but there was no information at the moment. In a hurry, they noticed that the 38th parallel of north latitude (referred to as the "38th parallel" for short) on the map almost passed through central Korea, and that Seoul (now Seoul) and its nearby concentration camps were all south of the "38th parallel", so they decided to use the "38th parallel" as the dividing line of the surrender area. This proposal was quickly agreed by the US military and the State Council, and was approved by President Truman on August 14th.

　　　　On August 15th, Truman sent a telegram to Stalin, informing the Supreme Allied Commander douglas macarthur of the "General Command No.1" on the details of Japanese surrender. One of the contents of this order was to take the "38th parallel" as the dividing line between the United States and the Soviet Union in the surrender area of the Korean peninsula.

　　　　On August 16, Stalin replied that he "basically did not object to the contents of the order" and did not raise any objection to the issue of North Korea’s demarcation line.

　　　　Therefore, the Soviet Union and the United States successively sent troops to North Korea, where two surrender areas were divided by the "38th parallel", and the United States and the Soviet Union accepted the surrender of the Japanese invaders. Senior Japanese commanders, land, sea, air and auxiliary forces stationed in North Korea, Manchuria, Sakhalin Island and Thousand Islands, north of the "38th parallel", surrendered to the Supreme Commander of the Soviet Far East Army; The Japanese government’s base camp, senior Japanese commanders stationed in Japan and its surrounding islands, North Korea and Ryukyu Islands south of the "38th parallel", as well as land, sea, air and auxiliary forces, surrendered to the supreme commander of the US Pacific Army.

　　　　By the time the surrender orders of the Soviet Union and the United States reached the battlefield, the Soviet army had crossed the "38th parallel" and was advancing towards Seoul. After receiving the order of the "demarcation line", the Soviet army withdrew to the north of the "38th parallel". On September 8th, the first batch of American 7th Infantry Division who arrived in North Korea landed in Incheon and occupied the south of the "38th parallel" of North Korea.

　　　　It is this temporary dividing line that was surrendered, and later became the "national border" that divided North and South Korea. South of the demarcation line is ruled by the government of the Republic of Korea headed by Li Chengwan, which is supported by the United States; North of the dividing line is led by the Labor Party headed by Kim Il Sung, who is supported by the Soviet Union. At the end of 1948 and in June 1949, the Soviet Union and the United States successively withdrew their troops from North Korea.

　　　　The military significance of the "38th parallel" to surrender is only superficial and temporary, but its political and strategic significance is long-term. After the end of World War II, the United States urgently needed to build the Korean Peninsula into a frontier to curb communism for the sake of global strategy. In a letter to President Truman, the representative of the President of the United States, Paul Lai, said: "Although North Korea is a small country, judging from our overall military strength, our responsibility here is not great, but this place is a battlefield for ideological struggle, and our entire victory in Asia depends on this struggle." This statement represents the view of American policy makers.

　　　　From March 29 to May 10, 1948, the US occupation forces dispatched tens of thousands of military and police officers to forcibly hold universal suffrage in South Korea. After Li Chengwan came to power through unilateral illegal elections in South Korea, he was instigated by the United States to arrogantly shout: "To solve the North-South division, it must be solved by war." And put forward the slogan of "unification in the north". Under the provocation of Li Chengwan, from January to October, 1949, South Korean military and police launched 432 armed provocations against North Korea on the "38th parallel".

　　　　On January 12, 1950, US Secretary of State Acheson gave a speech entitled "Asian Crisis-A Review of American Policy". In his speech, Acheson drew a circular defense line in the western Pacific to deal with the military threat of the communist camp. This defense line runs along the Aleutian Islands, passes through the Ryukyu Islands until the Philippines, and South Korea and Taiwan Province are excluded from the defense line. He said that when these two regions are attacked militarily, "we must first rely on the attacked nation to resist, and then rely on the responsibility of the entire civilized world under the UN Charter". This set the tone for American policy towards North Korea and Taiwan Province, that is, relying on "United Nations Action" to deal with military actions in these two regions. This policy decided that the United States used the form of "United Nations Action" to organize "United Nations Forces" to intervene in the Korean War.

　　　　It was under the instigation of the United States and the provocation of Li Chengwan’s "northward reunification" that the Korean War broke out.

On November 1st, Beijing time, China drew 1-1 with Korean women’s football team in the third round of Group B of the Asian Women’s Football Qualifiers for the Paris Olympic Games, and finally ranked third in the group, and missed the Paris Olympic Games! This is the failure of China football, and it is also the failure of Song Kai, the new president of the Football Association!

It can be said that China women’s football team and South Korean women’s football team didn’t win. Both sides died together and went out together, and they didn’t wait for a miracle. This is the second time in the history of China women’s football team that they missed the Olympic Games! Moreover, all the competition tasks of China Women’s Football Team have ended this year, which is a great loss of face for the players, and many people don’t even have a chance to make up for it!

After the game, many women’s football players in China shed tears. In the Xie Chang session of the whole team, Dou Jiaxing cried very sadly in Shui Qingxia’s arms. Wang Shanshan, the eldest sister, choked up several times after the interview, and finally she couldn’t help crying. It can be seen that women football girls are very unwilling to lose, but what’s the use? After all, even if the China women’s football team wins the Korean women’s football team, it will still miss the best second place! As early as losing to the Korean women’s football team, the ending has been decided!

In another group match, Uzbekistan beat the Indian women’s football team 3-0, and became the second best team with 6 points and 2 goal difference, and advanced to the next stage together with the first Australian women’s football team, the Korean women’s football team and the Japanese women’s football team! It can be said that after Uzbekistan men’s soccer team let China men’s soccer team see their weight, their women’s soccer team let China women’s soccer team despair in the end!

The most embarrassing thing is that Song Kai just took office as the president of the China Football Association. The first goal he shouted was to ensure that the China women’s football team advanced to the Paris Olympic Games, and he also strengthened the leadership team for this purpose! Now, China’s women’s football team dreams of breaking the Paris Olympics, and Song Kai is humiliated. He was finished as soon as he took office. Will his leading bodies be responsible for this?

When it comes to football, I believe many students will think of ancient cuju in China. There is no doubt that football originated from ancient cuju in China. In 2004, FIFA confirmed that cuju in ancient China was the earliest prototype of football. # You don’t know the history of football #

So, when was Cuju invented in ancient China? The "Ju" in Cuju can be traced back to the stone balls in the cultural site of Ding Cun 100,000 years ago. At first, it should be a hunting tool. In the late primitive society, stone balls kicked by feet and hollowed-out pottery balls appeared.

However, it is not known from the development of stone balls to the inventor of Cuju. According to Liu Xiang’s "Bielu", it is said that Cuju was invented by the Yellow Emperor and began to be used in military training. The bow was made of leather and filled with hair.

The earliest accurate and credible written record of Cuju was in the Warring States Policy and Historical Records. In 285 BC, that is, during the Warring States Period, Cuju was recorded as an activity with both military and recreational nature.

When introducing the living conditions of people in Linzi, the capital of Qi State, Qice wrote: "There are 70,000 households in Linzi … which are very rich and real, and all of them are people who play the flute, drum instruments, percussion, playing the piano, fighting cocks, walking dogs, playing six blogs and squatting."

It can be seen that cuju has developed into a popular way of sports in Linzi, the capital of Qi during the Warring States Period.

During the Han Dynasty, Cuju ushered in a period of rapid development. Cuju can be used not only for entertainment and performance, but also for competition and training. It is estimated that many students can’t believe that Cuju will be used for training. This is because Cuju can not only train soldiers’ physical fitness, but also enrich military life.

If Han Dynasty was the first peak of Cuju’s development, then Tang and Song Dynasties was the second peak. After improvement, Cuju started with a solid ball stuffed with hair and became an inflatable ball. Because of the lower cost of football, more ordinary people could afford to play Cuju. With the increase of the number of Cuju, there were teams and norms dedicated to Cuju, and organizations specializing in Cuju competitions appeared in the Song Dynasty.

Having said that, everyone must first think of Gao Qiu, the first master of cuju in the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, because Song Huizong liked cuju very much when he was the king of Duan, and when Gao Qiu sent something to the palace of Duan, he inadvertently showed a few hands, thus being left behind by Zhao Ji. After Zhao Ji became king, he began to promote Gao Qiu.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the gradual popularization of cuju, Japan often sent Tang envoys to China at that time, and brought the game of cuju back to Japan. Today, football is still called "cuqiu" in Japanese and Han Wenzhong, which is also influenced by China’s cuju.

Why did China Cuju, which was still at its peak in the Tang and Song Dynasties, fall out of fashion in the Ming and Qing Dynasties? Even after the mid-Qing Dynasty, football turned from export to domestic sales and reappeared in the eyes of China people.

All this stems from an imperial edict of Zhu Yuanzhang. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, it was different from the situation that the previous generation used cuju as a means of military training. Zhu Yuanzhang thought that cuju was a sign of being a plaything, because Zhu Yuanzhang had an old rival named Zhang Shicheng, and Zhang Shicheng’s troops liked cuju very much. However, when Zhang Shicheng was at war with Zhu Yuanzhang, it was simply vulnerable. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang thought that cuju would not help the improvement of soldiers’ military literacy. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that the Ming army would not be allowed to cuju in the future, and offenders would be punished.

Because this order only prohibits soldiers from playing cuju, but not the people, it actually abandons the function of competition and training, while the people play cuju more for entertainment and viewing.

Therefore, in Ming Dynasty, cuju was still popular among the people, but most of them were women. At that time, cuju was a talent show, just like a brothel woman performing singing and dancing. Although there were several emperors who liked cuju in Ming Dynasty, it was even recorded that the emperor organized eunuchs and maids to play cuju in the palace, but at that time, cuju had developed into a very lightweight thing, and even developed into kicking shuttlecock, which completely deviated from the development of modern football.

During the Qing Dynasty, there were few records about cuju. When the Qing army entered the customs, cuju was banned in the Eight Banners during the Shunzhi period, and cuju was combined with skating, resulting in the movement form of "cuju on the ice".

While the development direction of football in China is crooked, western countries are keen on playing football, and Britain is the first country to popularize modern football.

According to legend, in the 11th century, there was a war between England and Denmark. After the war, when the British were cleaning up the ruins of the war, they found the skull of a Danish invader. They were in resentment, so they kicked the Danish skull with their feet to vent their dissatisfaction. Later, everyone felt that it was very difficult to kick the skull, so some smart people thought of replacing the skull with a cow’s bladder, so there was the origin of modern football.

It can be seen that the birth of modern football itself is full of bloodshed and killing. The initial football match is not just an entertainment, but more like a confrontation.

Generally, two cities take part in a football match. The host throws the football into the air. At the beginning of the game, both sides rush into it, not only shouting, but also running and kicking. Which side can kick the ball to the downtown area of the other side is the winner.

The strong desire to win or lose makes the participants on both sides crazy. In order to win, when the football rushes into the residents’ houses in the middle, the players will rush in and kick around, often leaving the houses in pieces. Therefore, when there is no football match, the people have to close their doors and wait until the end of the game before they dare to leave the house.

Under the strong opposition of the people, the British government had to make a ban, stipulating that football matches can only be played in open spaces, but not in downtown areas, so there was a special football venue.

By 1848, the first written rule of football, Cambridge Rules, was born, which was made between Oxford and Cambridge for a football match. The rule was that only 11 people played in each team, and this rule continued until recently.

In 1862, the world’s first football club was established in Nottinghamshire, England. On October 26th, 1863, the world’s first official football organization, the English Football Association, was established in London, England. This day was also regarded as the birth day of modern football. Since then, with the further improvement of the rules of the game, football has quickly spread around the world.

It can be said that while modern football is flourishing, the ancient cuju in China is evolving into a shuttlecock-kicking sport. Do you think that the decline of modern football in China is related to Zhu Yuanzhang’s ban on military cuju? Welcome to discuss in the comments section below!

On April 21st, Beijing time, let’s take a look at the latest situation of European football.

Manchester United went away to Seville 0-3, and the total score was 2-5.

In the second round of the Europa League quarter-final, Maguire and Degea gave gifts one after another. In the end, Manchester United lost to Seville 0-3 away and went out with a total score of 2-5. Manchester United were eliminated from the European Games for six consecutive seasons by La Liga teams, including three by Seville.

Juventus 1-1 away to Portugal Sports, with a total score of 2-1.

In the second round of the Europa League quarter-final, Rabiot scored a goal and sent a point. In the end, Juventus drew 1-1 away from Portugal Sports and still advanced with a total score of 2-1. According to statistics, this is the 22nd time in the history of Juventus team to break into the European semi-finals, ranking first in Serie A and second only to Emperor Rensa in Europe.

Rome 4-1 at home to Feyenoord, with a total score of 4-2.

In the second round of the Europa League quarter-final, Rome conceded the goal in the 80th minute, and the total score was 1-2 behind. Dibala scored a life-saving goal in the 89th minute, which abruptly dragged the game into overtime. In extra time, Roma defeated Feyenoord 4-1 with goals from Sharawi and pellegrini, and reversed the promotion with a total score of 4-2.

Leverkusen away to San Giros 4-1, with a total score of 5-2.

In the second round of the Europa League quarter-final, Hlozek and Barker crossed the ball, Diaby and Frimpong each scored a goal, and Leverkusen beat the Belgian team Saint-Giros 4-1 away, and advanced with a total score of 5-2.

Under the leadership of young Alonso, Leverkusen returned to the European semi-final after 21 years. The last time they reached the European semi-final was in the Champions League in 2001/02. In the last 12 games, Leverkusen remained unbeaten with 8 wins and 4 draws. The last time they lost was 2-3 Mainz in the Bundesliga in February this year.

In the UEFA, Florence lost 2-3 away and still advanced with a total score of 6-4. While Basel eliminated Nice with a total score of 4-3. Alkmar beat Andre Laichter 4-1 on penalties and advanced 6-3 on aggregate. West Ham United beat Ghent 4-1 away and advanced 5-2 with a total score.

Serie A became the biggest winner. Together with AC Milan and Inter Milan in the Champions League, a total of five teams entered the European semi-finals, which is the first time in history. The French team was completely annihilated. This is the first time since 2019 that no French team has advanced to the semi-finals of the European War.

The governing body of UEFA’s Fiscal Fairness Act has published a new rule, the so-called "squad cost ratio".

Too complicated and obscure terms will not be detailed. Compared with the existing FFP rules, there are important changes in thinking.

Before FFP rules, the main monitoring isdeficit. Most teams that violate the rules have become the focus of supervision and even punishment by UEFA because the deficit exceeds the red line.

The FFP rules in the next few years will mainly monitorProportion.The ratio of the team’s expenditure to the net revenue will be monitored, and the team that exceeds the ratio will be punished.

Expenditures include but are not limited to players’ salaries, employees’ salaries (such as coaching staff), transfer fee expenses, commission expenses and so on. The specific proportion is set at 90% in 2023-24 season, 80% in 2024-25 season and 70% in 2025-26 season, and will continue thereafter.

How will the new rules affect Inter Milan? Italian media made a concrete analysis.

Let’s look at the revenue first.

Counting the gains from the European War, Inter Milan’s current single-season revenue is about 408.8 million euros, ranking second in Serie A, not much worse than AC Milan (400.3 million) and lower than Juventus (483.3 million). After all, the Bianconeri have unique advantages such as their own stadium, which is unmatched by the two Milan in the short term.

Look at the amount of expenditure.

At present, the total salary of Inter Milan’s coaching staff is 178.6 million euros, which is lower than Juventus’ 242.95 million, but much higher than AC Milan’s 133.2 million.

Inter Milan’s transfer fee amortization, impairment and other costs, a single season is 97.649 million euros, although lower than Juventus’ 155.9 million euros, but much higher than AC Milan’s 55.054 million euros.

Inter Milan’s expenditure on brokerage commission is also about twice that of AC Milan. Generally speaking, the total expenditure of Inter Milan in a single season is 287 million euros, which is higher than AC Milan’s 193.8 million and lower than Juventus’ 406.8 million.

If the proportion is calculated, the current expenditure ratio of Inter Milan is exactly 70%, which is barely in line with the final goal of UEFA FFP, but there is no room for financial tolerance, which means that the Nerazzurri are wandering around the red line and may not meet the standard if there is a slight change. Inter Milan’s situation is better than Juve’s(Expenditure ratio is 84%)Slightly better, but among the top three in the North, there is still more room for fault tolerance than AC Milan, which has only 48% of the expenditure..

Such a situation will greatly constrain Inter’s business thinking in the next few years.

What is the concept of wandering around the red line? It means that Inter Milan has little resistance to unplanned risks..

If Inter Milan can’t make achievements in increasing income and are unwilling to make efforts in reducing costs, then in the next few years, many situations may lead Inter Milan to cross the red line and encounter penalties from UEFA.

Risk is obviously more than an epidemic, which is an irresistible natural disaster.

For example, even if you run a failed signing like Correa, or get a high-paying contract.

For example, something happened in the north stand, which led to the stadium being punished for being empty.

For example, the nightmare of the Kong Di era repeats itself, and which year failed to qualify for the Champions League.

For another example, the uproar of those politicians in Italy led to the new tax law not being applied to the football field as they wished.

….. These are things that have happened or are in operation in recent years, and no one dares to say that they will not happen again in the next few years.

If something really goes wrong, Inter Milan can only use "traditional artistic skills" to deal with the censorship.

Such as the magical use of vouchers. At that time, in the first year, Inter Milan sold more than 10 million youth training members whose names I couldn’t name to Atlanta, and used the proceeds to cope with the review. In the second year, they sold more than 10 million echelon members to Real Blue Black. Finally, after successfully passing the trial, they bought Bastoni at a premium of 31 million (at that time, the premium was calculated) and "calculated the general ledger" with Atlanta. The series of transactions helped Inter avoid the more severe punishment of UEFA and won the time to move around. This is the "creativity" that Mallota and Ausilio often talk about.

But obviously, this is only an emergency measure, not the right way.

Under the current situation, Inter Milan should still regard increasing income and reducing costs as the top priority of the team.Even if the proportion can be reduced from 70% to 65%, the rope tied around the neck will be a little looser.

It is very difficult to increase income, but there are still some places to look forward to, such as the continuous growth of social networking sites’ income, such as participating in the World Club Cup, and whether the rented players hyped by Gazzetta dello Sport today can exchange 22M funds in the coming year, just like this summer.

The pressure to reduce costs is not small, and Inter should try to ensure that every large salary expenditure is put to greater use.

This is one of the reasons why Inter Milan sold brozovic this summer. The current Nerazzurri, under great financial pressure, really can’t afford a rotation player with a pre-tax salary of more than 12 million.

It can be predicted that under the constraints of UEFA, with next-door neighbor AC Milan as a comparison, Inter Milan will pay more attention to the control of salary expenditure in the future, and the probability of new brozovic transactions will never be small.