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In recent years, more and more new energy vehicles have entered our sight. Whether it is the improvement of travel awareness or the helplessness of being forced to shake the number, in short, some consumers have already started to buy. Of course, one of the important reasons why new energy vehicles can enter people’s homes is the dual action of national and local subsidy policies, but in the face of these complicated policies, do you really understand them? Which "black boxes" are mixed with them, and you haven’t noticed them? Below, let’s talk together.

● "Double-decker" subsidy for new energy vehicles

If we talk about subsidies for new energy vehicles, perhaps most people know that "national+local" will give subsidies to consumers, but how much will the specific national and local governments make up? How to subsidize? Which new energy vehicles can enjoy? Maybe not many people fully understand it.

The first level: state subsidy policy.

In order to accelerate the development of the new energy vehicle industry, in September 2013, the relevant state departments issued the Notice on Continuing to Promote the Application of New Energy Vehicles, which made it clear that in 2013 -2015, consumers will continue to be subsidized to buy new energy vehicles.

First of all, the scope of subsidies is new energy vehicles that are included in the scope of central financial subsidies, and the vehicles meet the requirements (what are the requirements? The third page details) pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. Secondly, the state has made it clear that the new energy subsidies given are not for car companies and dealers, but directly for consumers. When buying new energy vehicles, consumers pay after deducting subsidies from the sales price.

Finally, it should be noted that the subsidy standard is decreasing year by year. This mainly takes into account the scale effect, technological progress and other factors. According to the notice issued by the state in February 2014, the subsidy standard was reduced by 5% in 2014 and by 10% in 2015.

The second level: local government subsidies

The country takes the lead in promoting new energy vehicles, and local governments naturally need to implement them. What’s more, in the Notice on Continuing the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles issued in September 2013, it has clearly pointed out the demonstration areas that hope to "respond to the call" immediately, that is, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other areas with heavy fine particle control tasks.

I have to say that the response of local governments is indeed fast enough. In November 2013, the first batch of new energy vehicles were promoted and applied in the list of cities or regions (what does it mean to enter the list? The third page has been released, which covers the regional cities that were previously "named" by the state. Next, the editor will take four first-tier cities in North, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen as examples to talk about the local subsidy policy for new energy vehicles.

Beijing:

In January, 2014, the Beijing Municipal Government issued the Administrative Measures for Demonstration and Application of New Energy Passenger Cars in Beijing. The policy shows that the subsidy for purchasing new energy vehicles in Beijing is consistent with that of the state, that is, the subsidy standard is determined according to the ratio of 1:1 between the state and Beijing. However, it should be noted that the total financial subsidies of the state and Beijing do not exceed 60% of the vehicle sales price at the highest.

In addition, Beijing only subsidizes small and micro pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, and plug-in hybrid vehicles in the state subsidy policy are not among them. At the same time, only the new energy vehicles listed in the Catalogue of Recommended Vehicles for Demonstration and Application of Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles and those listed in the Catalogue of Production Enterprises and Products of Beijing Demonstration and Application of New Energy Passenger Cars can enjoy subsidies. At present, the catalogue has not been published. Therefore, it is uncertain which new energy vehicles can be shortlisted.

In addition to price subsidies, you can buy new energy vehicles that meet the "conditions" in Beijing, and you can also shake the number in the configuration indicators of special new energy passenger cars. The results of the first lottery will be announced on February 26th, 2014. According to the data released by the Passenger Car Indicators Office, more than 1,700 applications and confirmations for extension of individual demonstration application of new energy passenger car allocation indicators have been received. According to the rough calculation of the quota and allocation ratio of passenger cars in this city this year, there will be 1,666 new energy vehicle indicators distributed to individuals in each period. Although the number of applicants in the first batch is slightly higher than the quota and needs to be shaken, compared with ordinary cars, the 98% chance of winning the bid for new energy vehicles is already much higher.

Shanghai:

In 2012, Shanghai promulgated the Interim Measures for the Pilot Implementation of Encouraging Private People to Buy and Use New Energy Vehicles in Shanghai, in which plug-in hybrid passenger cars will receive a subsidy of 30,000 yuan each, and pure electric passenger cars will receive a subsidy of 40,000 yuan each, and special license plates can also be obtained free of charge (at present, the auction price of Shanghai automobile license plates is around 70,000 yuan-100,000 yuan). Of course, subsidized vehicles should also enter the Information Form of Pilot Vehicles for Private Purchase of New Energy Vehicles in Shanghai issued by the Shanghai Economic and Information Committee.

It is worth noting that the above policies expired at the end of 2012, and the new subsidy standards in Shanghai have not yet been introduced. However, the editor learned from the dealers in Shanghai that the purchase of new energy vehicles can still be implemented according to the old policy, and the new policy will be introduced in the near future, and the subsidy may be reduced.

Guangzhou:

In 2012, Guangzhou issued the Trial Measures for Purchasing Subsidies for Energy-saving and New-energy minibuses in Guangzhou, which showed that after vehicle registration, new-energy minibuses and hybrid vehicles with a fuel saving rate of more than 20% were given a subsidy of 10,000 yuan per vehicle. Although the amount of subsidy is small, and the subsidized models also need to enter the Catalogue of Recommended Models for Demonstration and Application of Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the models include non-plug-in hybrid models, and in theory, more models will be subsidized.

In addition, according to the "Trial Measures for the Regulation and Management of the Total Number of Small and Medium-sized Passenger Cars in Guangzhou", all new energy vehicles that meet the "conditions" can also be shaken in the incremental indicators of 12,000 new energy vehicles in Guangzhou. Compared with ordinary cars, the chances of winning the lottery are higher.

It is understood that the "Trial Measures for Purchasing Subsidies for Energy-saving and New Energy minibuses in Guangzhou" will expire on March 31, 2014, and there is no continuous policy yet. Not long ago, Pan Jianguo, director of the Guangzhou Municipal Development and Reform Commission, revealed that in the future, Guangzhou citizens will be subsidized to buy new energy vehicles according to the ratio of 1: 1 between the central and local governments. In addition, citizens who buy new energy vehicles can also apply for a lottery directly. From this point of view, Guangzhou will soon adjust the existing subsidy and lottery policy for purchasing new energy vehicles to adapt to the national subsidy policy in the next few years.

Shenzhen:

In 2010, Shenzhen’s "Subsidy Policy for Private Purchase of New Energy Vehicles" was first introduced. At present, Shenzhen can enjoy the national and local 1:1 subsidy policy for purchasing electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles. It is also known that in the face of the new energy subsidy continuation policy issued by the state, Shenzhen is working on the relevant detailed rules for local new energy vehicle subsidies. The proposed plan may not be "decreasing year by year" like the central financial subsidy, but continue to adopt the original subsidy standards, namely, the maximum subsidy for pure electric vehicles is 60,000 yuan/vehicle, and the maximum subsidy for plug-in hybrid vehicles is 35,000 yuan/vehicle.

● Those "black boxes" mixed in the new energy vehicle policy.

After a general understanding of the national subsidy and local subsidy policies for new energy vehicles, most consumers will think that these policies are perfect. However, after editing and investigation, it is found that some key issues are very obscure, and they are like "black boxes". If we don’t open them one by one, we will inevitably have misunderstandings in the purchase of new energy vehicles.

It is not possible to buy new energy vehicles in any area.

It has been clearly pointed out in the notice on continuing to promote and apply new energy vehicles issued by the state that it will continue to promote and apply new energy vehicles relying on cities, especially megacities. If the conditions of demonstration cities or regions are met, an implementation plan for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles can be compiled and submitted to the four ministries and commissions, and the list of demonstration cities can be determined on the basis of merit.

In other words, only cities that enter the demonstration list can promote new energy vehicles, and local consumers can buy new energy vehicles locally and enjoy subsidies. At present, the four ministries and commissions have published two lists of cities or regions for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles, including first-tier cities in North, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, as well as urban agglomerations such as Hebei Province and Zhejiang Province. According to statistics, the two lists include 40 pilot cities or regions. If you want to know whether your place is a new energy demonstration city, you can click here to see [1] [2].

Not all new energy vehicles can enjoy state subsidies.

When understanding the national subsidy policy, we must carefully read the scope of subsidized vehicles, because not all new energy vehicles can get subsidies.

According to the Notice on Continuing the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles, the new energy vehicles included in the scope of central financial subsidies should meet the requirements of pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. Among them, the words "meet the requirements" mean that vehicles need to enter the Catalogue of Recommended Vehicles for Demonstration and Application of Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles, and the vehicles that enter this catalogue are selected from the Announcement of Vehicle Manufacturers and Products of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and only domestic vehicles such as independent and joint ventures will be included in this announcement.

After going around for so long, it’s actually a sentence—Imported new energy vehicles cannot enjoy state subsidies.

. Having said that, I believe many friends will question, isn’t the preferential policy given by the state to new energy vehicles just to promote energy conservation and emission reduction and promote air pollution control? So why is there a "nationality" when facing new energy vehicles?

In my opinion, the national new energy subsidy policy will shut out imported cars, so the scope of consumers will be reduced when buying cars; However, on the other hand, if subsidies are given to imported new energy vehicles, it is likely to increase their sales, which will certainly have an impact on self-owned brand vehicles and will not help China’s new energy vehicle industry to substantially improve. However, the subsidy policy is not to save the poor. Without core technology, it is impossible to speed up the industry by relying on policy subsidies blindly. Because the national policy has also given multinational car companies a new export-domestic.

Reading the Notice on Continuing to Promote and Apply New Energy Vehicles carefully, it is not difficult to find that the relevant policies issued by the state are first to accelerate the development of new energy vehicle industry. Although the subsidy policy refuses to import new energy vehicles, joint ventures can make imported new energy vehicles domestically or build joint-venture independent products to obtain subsidies. In this way, we can still leave some technology behind. At present, in fact, many joint ventures have set foot on the road of joint ventures and independent brands, and in order to comply with national policies, their first products have been designated as new energy vehicles, such as Dongfeng Nissan Qichen Chenfeng e30, FAW-Volkswagen Carrier Electric Vehicle, BMW Brilliance and so on.

Enjoy the "state" subsidy models, may not be able to get subsidies in the "local".

In theory, new energy vehicles that can receive state subsidies will naturally receive subsidies from local governments. But after investigation, it is found that this theory may not work everywhere.

For example, the new energy vehicles that enjoy local subsidies in Beijing do not include plug-in hybrid vehicles, and only pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles that enter the Catalogue of Beijing Demonstration and Application of New Energy Passenger Cars, which is formulated by Beijing itself, can enjoy government subsidies.

When communicating with some dealers, the attitudes of dealers of different brands are also obviously different. A BYD salesman said, "Now you can’t get subsidies for buying e6 electric cars in Beijing, and it’s uncertain whether you will enter the subsidy catalogue in Beijing in the future.". In contrast, the dealers of Beijing Automobile are very confident, and the sales said, "Beiqi electric vehicles have entered the Beijing subsidy catalogue, and now they can enjoy a 1:1 subsidy when buying a car."

Not only in Beijing, but also in Shanghai, the sales staff of Roewe 4S store said that "E50 electric vehicles can enjoy subsidies". Another dealer said, "You can’t get subsidies for buying BYD e6 here". It is understood that only vehicles that enter the Shanghai new energy vehicle subsidy catalogue can enjoy local subsidies. At present, the Shanghai Economic and Information Committee has announced four batches, among which the local brand models Shanghai GM Sail SPRINGO electric vehicle and SAIC Roewe E50 were the first to be approved.

What causes the local subsidy policy to take more care of "local electric vehicles"? Some insiders said that this is the same as the state subsidy refusing to import cars, and it is "local protection". We won’t discuss this too much for the time being. After all, the first batch of subsidies in Beijing has not yet been issued, and the relevant rules for new energy vehicles in other regions have not yet landed. At present, the state has made it clear that the number of foreign brands in vehicles promoted and applied in demonstration cities or regions shall not be less than 30%. Do not set up or set up obstacles in disguise to restrict the purchase of foreign brand vehicles. Literally, the state’s attitude towards "local protection" is very firm, and we hope that this requirement will not become a dead letter when it is implemented and supervised.

New energy vehicles are not sold in all 4S stores.

In addition to policy-related matters, at present, some automobile manufacturers are not in place in the pre-sales service of new energy vehicles. Not long ago, the editor, as a potential consumer of new energy vehicles, tried to consult some information about new energy vehicles through the internet and telephone. From the result, the experience is not ideal.

On the official websites of some car companies, there is no detailed introduction to their electric vehicles. On some websites, even the place of sale is not publicized. The editor continuously called a brand’s 4S stores in three different regions to consult new energy vehicles, but they were all told not to sell them here, and a 4S store selling electric vehicles also introduced the local electric vehicle subsidy policy vaguely.

Here, I hope that manufacturers can quickly establish a set of perfect pre-sales and after-sales systems for new energy vehicles. At the same time, it is also suggested that potential users of new energy vehicles can consult the official 400 first to find out where the vehicles are sold, which can reduce useless work to some extent.

● Summary:

The subsidy policy itself is a catalyst for the development of new energy vehicles. The state and local governments go into battle together, so that consumers can get double benefits when buying new energy vehicles, which can effectively increase the sales of new energy vehicles. In addition, if we can make no distinction between "nationality" and "household registration", or at least get through the latter, so that new energy vehicles can be subsidized in more cities, perhaps new energy vehicles can develop faster in China.

Of course, it is far from enough to rely on policy support to promote new energy vehicles, and it is particularly important to rapidly develop the construction of related supporting facilities. At present, the state has made it clear that if applying for a demonstration city or region, it is necessary to formulate plans for the cumulative promotion of new energy vehicles and the construction of supporting facilities. Whether these military orders can be realized in future demonstration cities is worthy of attention. (Text/car home Qi Tianxiang)

On May 19th, Huawei held a new product launch conference for nova14 series and HarmonyOS computers in Chengdu, and released two extraordinary masters of HarmonyOS computers, HUAWEI MateBook Pro and HUAWEI MateBook Fold. Among them, the extraordinary master of HUAWEI MateBook Fold, as the world’s thinnest commercial folding computer and the world’s largest commercial folding screen computer, not only created a new form of folding screen computer, but also became an important milestone in the application of Vivid Jingcai audio-visual technology on the PC side.

The world’s largest folding screen meets Vivid Jingcai audio-visual and opens an extraordinary experience.

The extraordinary master of HUAWEI MateBook Fold is equipped with an 18-inch 3.3K resolution double-layer OLED large screen, which supports the HDR Vivid Jingcai image standard. Through dynamic tone mapping and intelligent algorithm, it shows more realistic colors, richer levels and more accurate contrast between light and dark, and makes the image details jump on the screen. The peak brightness of 1600 nits is combined with P3 wide color gamut support and Huawei’s self-developed professional display algorithm, so that users can get a consistent and shocking visual experience whether they watch images in an outdoor environment with strong light or in dark light.

At the same time, both HarmonyOS computers support HDR Vivid crystal image and Audio Vivid crystal sound technology, bringing users an immersive audio-visual experience. Audio Vivid’s object-based three-dimensional sound coding and decoding technology is no longer limited by the traditional sound channel design, so that each sound object can freely locate and flow in three-dimensional space and restore the sound field effect of the real world. Whether it is the live atmosphere in a video conference or the immersive film and television impression, users can feel the sense of space and presence as if the sound source is surrounded.

The collaborative presentation of HDR Vivid’s brilliant color images and Audio Vivid’s brilliant color sounds has upgraded the full-link immersive experience from vision to hearing, and built an unprecedented "sensory scene" for two HarmonyOS computers.

From screen to ecology, to create a bright future-oriented audio-visual

As Huawei’s first HarmonyOS folding computer, the extraordinary master of HUAWEI MateBook Fold relies on the kernel reconstruction of HarmonyOS 5 system to comprehensively improve the system-level AI capability, multi-screen collaboration capability and security of the whole scene, and the blessing of Vivid Jingcai Audio-visual has injected the "sensory layer" evolution into this system ecology. Based on the native adaptation and support of HarmonyOS Ecology to the ultra-high definition video standard, in the future, more and more video contents and applications will be vividly presented under Vivid Jingcai audio-visual, which will drive the entire PC ecology, creative tools, education, games and other scenes to achieve a comprehensive leap in audio-visual experience.

It is worth mentioning that the release of two HarmonyOS computers represents an important step in the functional and ecological construction of domestic PC operating systems. Vivid Jingcai Audio-visual, as the standard of China’s network audio-visual industry, is gradually promoting the popularization and application of high-quality audio-visual experience in multi-terminals. The collaborative integration of HarmonyOS computer and Vivid Jingcai audio-visual technology not only brings higher quality and more immersive audio-visual experience, but also provides standardized technical support for the creation, distribution and presentation of PC audio-visual content in the future.

When technology breaks through the audio-visual boundary, every frame and sound of the extraordinary era is worthy of "Jingcai" presentation. The extraordinary masters of HUAWEI MateBook Pro and HUAWEI MateBook Fold have now started pre-ordering, inviting you to go to the new generation of PC with dual audio-visual and performance upgrades, and enjoy the immersive Jingcai audio-visual experience.

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　WeChat official account News of CBN WeChat, the critical moment of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, a paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine, pushed the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (hereinafter referred to as "China CDC") to the forefront.

The reason is that, according to this paper, research shows that interpersonal communication has occurred between close contacts since mid-December 2019. In addition, from January 1 to January 11, a total of 7 medical staff were infected. But at this time, the public knew nothing about it.

Should scientists publish papers first or prevent them first? The focus of controversy comes from this. On the morning of January 31st, CBN reporter interviewed Gao Fu, a member of the National Health Commission high-level expert group and director of China CDC. He is the co-author of the above paper.

"This is a retrospective analysis! In mid-December, I still don’t know what the disease is, and the pathogen is unclear. It is the inference of investigating more than 400 cases of epidemiology! Onset’s days are all speculation, which everyone didn’t understand! Mix epidemiological investigation with clinical diagnosis. " Gao Fu told CBN.

Gao Fu also said that retrospective investigation is one of the responsibilities of CDC, to find the culprit, retrospective investigation, and guide future prevention and control. "Our prevention and control has never stopped, and everyone has not slept for a month."

This is a retrospective analysis.

This paper, published on January 29th, US time, was led by China CDC, including professionals from Hubei CDC and Hong Kong University. Correspondents of the study include Feng Zijian, deputy director of China CDC, and Yang Bo, director of Hubei CDC. Co-authors also include Gao Fu.

In this paper, the investigation team analyzed the reported 425 laboratory-confirmed cases as of January 22, 2020. Analysis shows that among the first 425 confirmed patients, the median age is 59 years old and the male is 56%. Most cases (55%) occurred before January 1, 2020 were related to the seafood wholesale market in South China, and the subsequent cases were 8.6%. The average incubation period was 5.2 days, and the 95th percentile of the distribution was 12.5 days. In the early stage, the scale of epidemic cases doubled every 7.4 days, the average continuous interval of infection was 7.5 days, and the number of basic infections (R0) was estimated to be 2.2.

According to this information, the paper said that there is evidence that interpersonal communication has occurred between close contacts since mid-December 2019.

This paper reveals more information about the epidemic situation in COVID-19, which has aroused widespread doubts.

On January 31st, China CDC published an article entitled "Notes of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention on Publishing Articles in the New England Journal of Medicine". The article stated that the paper was based on a retrospective analysis of 425 confirmed cases (including 15 medical staff) reported as of January 23rd, 2020, and all cases were published to the public before the paper was written. The 15 cases of medical staff infection mentioned in the paper were announced to the public by Academician Zhong Nanshan, the leader of the high-level expert group in National Health Commission, on the evening of January 20th and the Wuhan Health and Health Commission in the early morning of January 21st.

The viewpoint that "interpersonal communication occurred among close contacts in December 2019" put forward in this paper is a retrospective inference based on the epidemiological investigation data of 425 cases.

The article also said that publishing the survey results in academic journals in time will help professional colleagues at home and abroad to understand the characteristics of the disease in time, jointly evaluate and judge the epidemic situation, and improve the prevention and control strategies.

However, this article did not respond, when did China CDC come to the judgment that "interpersonal communication occurred among close contacts in December 2019".

For infectious epidemiology, retrospective study is indeed extremely important. Without retrospective study, it is impossible to understand the incidence of infectious diseases more clearly and then formulate prevention and control strategies for infectious diseases. Therefore, after the outbreak of an infectious disease and case diagnosis, epidemiological investigators will appear first.

An expert in epidemic virology also told reporters that retrospective research is the basic work of infectious diseases and must be carried out according to existing cases. Without cases, no one can observe what the development path of this virus is.

"In fact, the data of 425 cases is not enough to show the characteristics of the new virus. It can only explain the situation in the past and (425 cases) at that time. How to develop in the future needs to continue to be observed." The above-mentioned experts in epidemic virology said.

For example, China CDC stated that these cases were previously confirmed cases, and the research team used these public data to start a retrospective analysis.

How to carry out retrospective analysis?

According to this paper, the earliest cases in COVID-19 were identified through the surveillance mechanism of pneumonia with unknown etiology.

In order to identify pneumonia cases and strive to improve the sensitivity of early detection, the research team developed a tailor-made monitoring program to identify potential cases on January 3, 2020.

The initial working case definition for suspicious COVID-19 is based on the case definition of SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). After obtaining new information about confirmed cases, the epidemiological criteria for defining suspicious cases were updated on January 18, 2020.

Once suspicious cases are found, a joint team composed of China CDC, provincial CDC, local CDC and county CDC will be notified to carry out detailed on-site investigation and collect respiratory tract samples, which will be tested in the Center for Viral Disease Prevention and Control of China CDC.

A joint team composed of staff from China CDC and local CDC also conducted detailed field investigations on all suspected and confirmed cases. They collected epidemiological data through interviews with infected people, relatives, close contacts and medical staff, so as to determine the contact history of patients two weeks before onset, including the date, frequency, frequency and mode of contact with wild animals, especially the wild animals available in the South China Seafood Market in Wuhan. In addition, the researchers also collected information about exposure to any relevant environment and contact with others with similar symptoms.

All the epidemiological information collected in the survey, including contact history, timetable and the identity of close contacts, were cross-checked.

Through this path, the research team obtained the epidemiological information of 425 cases.

The basic infection number is about 2.2.

The importance of retrospective analysis of infectious diseases lies in seeing clearly the laws of infectious diseases, and only by seeing clearly the enemy can we make better prevention and control.

In addition to the above-mentioned questioned contents, what other noteworthy information does this paper reveal?

In this paper, the researchers estimate the growth rate of the epidemic by analyzing the data of cases between December 10, 2019 and January 4, 2020.

According to the paper, limited to the data before January 4th, it is estimated that the basic number of infections in COVID-19 is about 2.2, which means that each patient spreads the infection to 2.2 other people on average. As far as COVID-19 is concerned, the paper said that the control challenges include the obvious existence of many mild infections and the limited resources to isolate cases and close contacts.

However, due to the increased awareness of the epidemic situation and the increased availability and utilization rate of inspections in recent weeks, the confirmed infection rate will increase.

A chart used in this article shows that after January 11th, the number of cases decreased. However, the paper also said that it is probably due to the uncertainty of recent cases and the delay in identification and reporting, rather than the real turning point of incidence.

Considering that the availability and usage of test kits will increase with the passage of time, the paper said that extra care should be taken in explaining the growth rate of cases in January.

In short, the research results also show that in the early stage, the case size doubled every 7.4 days. The average continuous interval is 7.5 days.

The paper also reminds that the urgent next step includes determining the most effective control measures to reduce the spread within the community. With a better understanding of epidemiological characteristics and the dynamic mechanism of cases, it is also necessary to improve the definition of work cases. At the same time, it is also necessary to continue to monitor cases to find any changes in epidemiology, such as infections among young people or medical workers.

Original title: Gao Fu responded to the paper’s query: everyone didn’t understand, confusing the paper with clinical diagnosis.

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On the east route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the Yangtze River flows out of Yangzhou all the way north, and runs north Jiangsu and Jidong. This year, the annual water transfer work was started. Over the past four years, more than 10 billion cubic meters of "South-to-North Water Transfer Project" has become the guarantee water for life, the life-saving water for drought resistance and the ecological water for rivers and lakes. Who would have thought that it was not easy behind the gurgling clean stream.

The success or failure of water transfer on the eastern route lies in pollution control. Fifteen years ago, this was the goal that had been questioned: to make all the "soy sauce rivers" clear, to turn the inferior V water into III water, and to reduce the concentration of COD (chemical oxygen demand) to 20 mg/L. It has taken some developed countries decades and hundreds of years to control similar water problems. Can the South-to-North Water Transfer Project be realized in 10 years?

The eastern route has become an example of river basin management: from 2003 to 2013, the average concentration of COD decreased by more than 85%, the average concentration of ammonia nitrogen decreased by 92%, and the water quality compliance rate increased from 3% to 100%. The water is clear and the shore is green, which will promote the economic development and ecological protection along the route to a win-win situation.

Pollution control depends on determination: shut down with an iron fist and never let sewage enter the trunk line.

How difficult is it to control pollution on the eastern front? Nansi Lake, where water transfer must pass, is quite representative.

"It receives water from 32 counties in four provinces of Sulu, Henan and Anhui, and there are 53 main rivers entering the lake. The water systems intersect, and which river is not well managed will affect the water quality of the lake area." Ge Weiyan, inspector of the Environmental Protection Department of Shandong Province, said that in the 1990s, all the water in the basin was polluted, and the river water entering the lake was basically inferior to Class V, and Nansi Lake became a "dead lake" where fish and shrimp were extinct.

Such a water problem is precisely the development problem that is concentrated and highlighted at this stage. Along the eastern route, after years of rapid industrialization and urbanization, the water ecology is red and the water environment is difficult to carry. Some people worry that the South-to-North Water Transfer Project will become a sewage transfer project.

"The key to pollution control depends on determination, and there must be the spirit of a strong man breaking his wrist. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to this and clearly put forward the principle of "three firsts and three afters" in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, that is, saving water first, transferring water first, polluting water first, using water first, and never letting sewage go north. " The main responsible comrades of the State Council South-to-North Water Diversion Office said.

Top design. The pollution control planning and supplementary planning of the Eastern Route Project have been implemented one after another. Through structural adjustment, sewage treatment, sewage interception and diversion, ecological restoration and other projects, an integrated pollution control system has been established to ensure the sustainable delivery of clean water from one canal to the north.

"Ensuring Class III water quality" has become a hard lever for local governments. Jiangsu, Shandong along the iron fist choking pollution, launched a tough battle against pollution.

"A traditional paper mill can stain a river." Liu Yunting, deputy director of the Environmental Protection Bureau of Jining City, Shandong Province, said that more than 10 years ago, there were more than 700 paper mills in the province, and the sewage discharge accounted for more than 70% of the total. Say "no" to highly polluting paper-making enterprises, Shandong has formulated the first drainage standard in the country, in which COD discharge standard is 6 times stricter than the national standard, and ammonia nitrogen discharge is 7 times stricter than the national standard, and the "privilege" of industrial sewage discharge is cancelled, which forces industrial transformation.

The paper industry is just a microcosm. In Jining, 68 enterprises are listed as key governance targets. Nine cities along Shandong Province refused to approve and delayed the approval of more than 510 enterprises with high energy consumption and high pollution, involving an investment of nearly 19 billion yuan. All the 378 sewage outlets supervised by the provincial government have been rectified.

In Jiangsu, we have vigorously implemented clean-up and diversion, water conservation and emission reduction, and a number of deepening pollution control projects have landed. Environmental accountability and one-vote veto were implemented, and more than 800 chemical enterprises were shut down along the route. Control non-point source pollution, and set up prohibited areas, restricted areas and concentrated areas for aquaculture. Li Songbai, assistant general manager of East Jiangsu Water Source Company, said: "The water quality is up to standard, which is the bottom line that must be kept."

Interception of sewage with one hand and finding a "way out" for sewage with the other. At least one sewage treatment plant and one garbage treatment plant will be built in each county along the water transfer. Since the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, 107 new sewage treatment plants have been built along Shandong, with an annual treatment capacity of 1.55 billion tons.

Pollution control on the eastern route continued to advance, the total amount of sewage discharged dropped sharply, and rivers were reborn. The black and smelly Nansi Lake "came back to life" and returned to the level of the early 1980s, ranking among the national lakes with excellent water quality. Cui Xiubao, a villager in henan village, Jiangji, who lives near Weishan Lake, said: "Now the river has come back when I was a child, and the small whitebait and saury that have been extinct for many years have appeared again."

Mechanism of pollution control: pressure is transmitted layer by layer, and scientific pollution control is effective.

Pollution control on the eastern front is not an expedient measure. A long-term mechanism is needed to ensure the stability of water quality.

Who will control pollution? In 2003, the State Council South-to-North Water Diversion Office signed a letter of responsibility with Sulu provinces, and 14 cities along the route signed a written pledge with the governments of the two provinces to clarify the main body of responsibility, and the pressure was passed on layer by layer.

Along the water transfer line, the "river length system" and "section length system" were first implemented. The river chief is on duty, guarding the water and doing his duty. Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province changed the supervision of enterprises to the supervision of the government, realizing "the responsibility of the party and the government is the same, one post and two responsibilities, and dereliction of duty". Xu Dong, the mayor of Zhangji Town, tongshan district, said frankly: "There is pressure and motivation, and’ Kowloon’ can be twisted into a rope to protect the mother river." In Shandong, pollution control targets are directly linked to the assessment of cadres, and provincial leaders are the river chiefs of key lakes and reservoirs such as Nansi Lake and Dongping Lake, which are promoted from a high position.

How to control pollution? Innovative ecological governance model. Shandong put forward the strategy of "governance and protection" to tap the potential in all aspects. "Governance" means the whole process of pollution prevention and control, such as structural adjustment, clean production and terminal treatment. "Use" means the recycling of reclaimed water. The annual consumption of reclaimed water conservancy in the province reaches 800 million tons, which is equivalent to the water volume of eight large reservoirs. "Protection" means ecological protection and restoration, and building a large ecological belt along the river and lake.

Through returning farmland to wet land and returning fishing to the lake, Nansi Lake has reached 230,000 mu of constructed wetland with a daily water purification capacity of 500,000 tons. Hui Luo, deputy director of the South-to-North Water Diversion Construction and Management Bureau, said that the wetland is like a natural sewage treatment plant. After the tail water discharged by enterprises reaches the standard, it will be purified by the wetland, and the pollutant content will be reduced by half, so that the water quality entering the lake will meet the Class III requirements.

Hongze Lake, 750,000 mu of wetland in full of green, where rare birds dance. Li Songbai said: "Fishermen take a step forward, wetlands take a step back, and over-breeding once endangered the ecology. After years of returning to the lake and ecological restoration, it was in exchange for today’s harmonious situation between people and water. "

Explore the ecological compensation mechanism. Since 2010, Jiangsu Province has implemented regional compensation along the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, with "polluter pays, and the infringer compensates". The compensation funds are earmarked for water pollution control, ecological restoration and water environment monitoring capacity building. With the efforts of the government market, Shandong has explored charging for water conservation and sewage discharge by electricity, introduced third-party governance, and obtained the greatest benefits through government purchase of services.

With the guarantee of mechanism, pollution control on the eastern route has shifted from engineering management to comprehensive management, bringing greater benefits into play. In 2013, the bottom of Nansi Lake was cracked, and it was on the verge of crisis. At the critical moment, the East Line pumping station was running at full capacity, and the Yangtze River water flew 800 miles, bringing the long-term drought lake back to life. In response to the drought in northern Jiangsu in 2009, 5.3 billion cubic meters of water was transferred from Jiangdu to the arid area, and the water volume exceeded that of Hongze Lake, and more than 45 million mu of farmland was irrigated.

Concept of pollution control: active transformation, green development into people’s hearts

Eastern pollution control, will it affect development?

Practice has proved that protecting the ecological environment is also protecting productive forces. Adhering to the concept of green development and building a strong green engine can achieve a win-win situation for economic development and ecological improvement.

Set the city by water and accelerate the transformation. In the past five years, Xuzhou, an old industrial base, has carried out environmental credit evaluation for more than 1,800 enterprises, and the industrial structure has changed from heavy to light, and the level has changed from low to high, thus winning the golden business card of "one city with green hills and half a city with lakes". Jining, a coal city, takes the road of new industrialization. The advanced manufacturing industry exceeds the coal-fired power industry, and the high-tech industry accounts for more than 33% of the industry.

There is no "card" dead enterprise at the high threshold. After experiencing pains, Shandong paper industry achieved a green turn, the number of enterprises decreased by 65%, but the production capacity was 3.5 times that of the original, which was at the leading level in China. Quanlin Paper Company not only won more than 180 domestic and international patents, but also turned straw pulp papermaking into a high-tech industry, and built a branch factory in the United States by relying on advanced emission reduction technology.

A strong man breaks his wrist, freeing up environmental capacity in exchange for development space. All localities along the route seized opportunities and took the lead in transformation, and a number of emerging industries such as electronic information, new energy and new materials rose rapidly. According to preliminary statistics, the average annual growth rate of economic growth along the line is 14.02%, and the average annual industrial added value is 20.55%, which is higher than the provincial average.

Relying on mountains to eat, relying on water to eat. The water quality has improved, and Cui Xiubao by Weishan Lake has eaten ecological rice. "Now there are all kinds of fish, and you can earn one or two hundred yuan every day by opening a fisherman’s house." He said that the villagers in the surrounding villages engaged in ecological breeding and eco-tourism, with an annual per capita income of more than 20,000 yuan.

"The South-to-North Water Transfer Project not only transferred water, but also revitalized regional water resources." Hui Luo said that the Yangtze River water, the Yellow River water and the local water merged together to form a "T"-shaped water network in Qilu, which realized the optimal allocation of water resources, made up the original long-term ecological debt, returned the occupied agricultural water, and gradually restored the regional water ecology. In Jiping main canal, the Xiaoqing River with cross-flow of sewage reappeared through water resources dispatching. Residents along the Jinan River lamented: "Xiaohe River has finally changed back to Xiaoqing River!"

The East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project has not only become a water conveyance line to optimize the allocation of water resources, but also a development line to practice ecological civilization. (Reporter Zhao Yongping)

　　1. Beijing Satellite TV held a strategic conference on key projects.

　　The key project strategy of Beijing Satellite TV will be broadcast live in the Summer Palace at 19: 00 tonight. The new "I am waiting for you in the Summer Palace" delegations from Zhang Guoli, Zheng Shuang, Boogie and Andrew, and the "Cross-border Song King" delegations from Amanda, Aarif Lee, Jo Jiang and Lil Ghost will be present to help out. The live broadcast of Beijing Satellite TV and JD.COM is a strong alliance, which is different from the common closed live broadcast rooms in the past. The live broadcast is conducted in the Summer Palace of the Royal Garden Museum, breaking the four walls of the live broadcast and giving the live broadcast more imagination. The cultural and creative products of the Summer Palace will also appear in this live broadcast, so that people can enjoy the "royal taste" without leaving home.

　　2. "Sister Riding the Wind and Waves" was launched.

　　The draft of Mango TV’s anti-age women’s group "Sister Riding the Wind and Waves" was launched at 12 noon on June 12. The program will show the dream-seeking process, realistic dilemma and balanced choice of 30 different contemporary women, so that the audience can reflect on their own choices and dreams in the process, find the best way to realize their dreams and find the best choice to realize their own values. The program was witnessed by Huang Xiaoming, including Yuqi Zhang, Eva Huang, Jing Ning, Orfila, Baby Zhang, Yisa, Wan Qian, Claudia, Jin Chen, Li Sidani, Yi Nengjing, Wang Fei, Shen Mengchen, Bai Bing, Lan Yingying, Meng Jia, Yuan Yonglin, Ding Dang, Jin Sha, Liu Yun, Zhong Lijun, Huang Ling, Chen Songling, and so on.

　　3. The official lineup of "Summer Surfing Shop"

　　Huang Xuan, Elvis Han, Bridgette and Justin were the permanent guests of the cool variety "Summer Surfing Shop", and they came to Riyuewan, Wanning City, Hainan Province to run a summer surfing shop together with the surfing instructor for 21 days. The program focuses on "protecting the increasingly fragile marine ecology", drives the audience to advocate marine protection with its own strength, deeply combines the concept of environmental protection with surfing, and encourages everyone to establish a sense of marine protection and transmit positive energy.

　　4. Hunan Satellite TV’s "618 Super Night" was broadcast live on June 17.

　　The customized evening of "Pinduoduo 618 Super Night" produced by Hunan Satellite TV and Pinduoduo will be broadcast live at 7: 30 pm on June 17th. The evening was jointly presented by Chen Xinyu’s Studio, which created "My Family Series" and "Inn Series", and Hong Xiao’s Studio, which created "Singer Series" and "Dance Storm". The concept of "spelling" was introduced throughout the audience, which not only created a surprise performance in a creative way, but also guided the audience to "spell" a low price with a simple and straightforward discount. The audience will enjoy an unprecedented red envelope rain and rain on the evening of the party.

　　5. Dragon TV’s "618 Super Show" was broadcast live on June 17th.

　　The first nationwide variety e-commerce fusion live broadcast "618 Super Show" jointly created by Dragon TV and Suning.cn will be broadcast live at 19:30 on June 17th. At present, stars such as Suning Super Team, Extreme Men’s Team, Roy, Allen, Jason, Qin Lan, Yang Yuying, Alina Zhang, Peng Yuchang, Ou Hao, Yuan Hong, Zhang Xinyi, Lang Lang, Jia Bing and Song Xiaobao led by Guan Xuan Shen Teng and Guan Xiaotong have joined. This party will give the audience a brand-new experience through scene, real-life and thematic live visual rendering and the wonderful highlights of star PK.

　　6. Jiangsu Satellite TV and Tmall launched "Tmall 618 Super Night"

　　Jiangsu Satellite TV Tmall 618 Super Night will be broadcast at 19: 30 pm on June 16th. This time, Jiangsu Satellite TV will comprehensively consider the visual freshness, the matching degree of artists, the way of performance presentation, the popularity of online topics, etc., and do not take the usual mix and match design, just to present a unique and creative top show party. At present, Liu Mintao, Cecilia Han, Rocket Girls 101, R1SE, New Pants Band, G.E.M., Amanda, Allen, Tang Guoqiang, Tong Liya, Zhang Jike, Liu Yuning, Mao Buyi, Xue Zhiqian, Yuan Yawei, You Changjing, Zhou Shen and other artists have been officially announced to join.

　　7. Shenzhen Satellite TV "Whose Home Is This?"

　　The innovative quiz variety whose home is this will be broadcast on Shenzhen Satellite TV at 21:15 on Friday, June 12th. The program will be hosted by Li Weijia and Viya. In each issue, a star guest and a number of life experts will be invited to answer questions on life quizzes around good things and new skills in life through home exploration videos. The program walks into the star’s home with a "posture" with more temperature and attitude, and finds the real star guests, the pure self and the life with temperature between two-way interaction. At the same time, the program is combined with poverty alleviation public welfare, and poverty alleviation products are integrated into the program to expand public welfare assistance while entertaining.

　　8. The third season of "If a National Treasure Can Talk" was launched.

　　The third season of "If a National Treasure Can Talk" will be broadcast at 20: 00 on June 13th, the Cultural and Natural Heritage Day. This season, 25 national treasures from Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Tang Dynasty will be unveiled in turn, including several pieces from China National Museum. The 100-episode documentary "If a National Treasure Can Talk" was jointly produced by the Central Radio and Television General Station and National Cultural Heritage Administration, and produced by the Film and Television Documentary Center of the Central Radio and Television General Station. Each episode tells the story of a national treasure for 5 minutes. Every cultural relic in the film serves as the coordinates of an era, marking the traces of Chinese civilization in historical time and space.

　　— THE END —

　　Author | Liu Cuicui

　　Editor | Yang Ni

　　How do soda music listen to songs together? Soda music is an easy-to-use software for listening to songs. Users can customize the process of listening to songs when using it, and they can also listen to songs with friends. This small series has prepared a detailed tutorial for everyone, hoping to be helpful to your friends.

　　1. First, turn on the soda music, and click "Three Points" in the lower right corner of the song in the recommendation.

　　2. Then click the "Download" button in the upper left corner.

　　3. After downloading, go to "My" and enter the "Download" interface.

　　4. Then find the song to share and click "Three Points" on the right.

　　5. Then select "Share" in the pop-up menu.

　　6. Finally, just choose the object we want to share.

　　The above is the relevant information brought by Xiaobian. Do you think you can help yourself deal with these problems? Like friends, come to IT Encyclopedia to watch more content.

On the First Session of the 11th Danzhou CPPCC National Committee

sequence Reply to proposal 245

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Dear member Yao Yunqin:

Thank you very much for your concern and support for the development of new energy heavy trucks in our city., you put forward at the first meeting of the 11th CPPCC Danzhou. Proposal No.245, after study, we hereby reply as follows:

First, the development status of new energy heavy trucks in Danzhou City

The development of new energy replacing electricity and heavy trucks with heavy trucks.The construction of (charging) power infrastructure and the operation of heavy trucks for power exchange are the core.At present, there are heavy trucks in operation in our city. There are 36 vehicles and 50 special commercial concrete vehicles for power exchange. Two heavy truck power exchange projects have been completed and put into use at the end of January 2022.Pure electric heavy truck power station replacement project of Yangpu International Container Terminal, invested and built by Guodian Power Investment (Hainan) Energy Service Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Hainan Branch of State Power Investment, is built in Yangpu International Container Terminal Port according to the eight-station heavy truck charging and replacing power station, with a construction scale of 1250kVA, and a newly-built pre-installed 10kV, 1250 KVA box-type substation is connected by the 10 kV Shovel Line of South Power Grid. It is equipped with 8 chargers, 7 for operation and 1 for standby, with a total power load of 150kW. It is equipped with 35 vehiclesPower-changing heavy truck43 sets of 141kWh batteries. The power station has the characteristics of high efficiency, cost reduction, flexibility, safety and environmental protection: high efficiency is reflected in the fact that it can supply vehicles with energy for 6 minutes and solve mileage anxiety; Separate sales of vehicles and electricity, greatly reducing the cost of car purchase; The battery packs with different electric quantities can be flexibly replaced according to the working conditions, thus reducing the self-weight of the car body; The centralized management of charging is safe and controllable, which prolongs the service life of the battery and improves the utilization value of the battery.

The other is Hainan Yangpu Ronghe Junchi Landao Power Station Exchange Project., the first electric heavy truck charging and replacing power station in our province, invested and built by Hainan Yangpu Ronghe Junchi Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Ronghe Junchi), located in the factory area of Hainan Landao Environmental Protection Industry Co., Ltd., Mutang Park, Danzhou Industrial Park, with an area of 10 mu. The power exchange station is constructed in two phases, including 2 power exchange stations, 2 2000KW transformers, 50 heavy-duty trucks and 57 sets of 282kwh batteries. The power exchange station and batteries are put into operation in 60 phases in five years. In the first phase, a 2000 kW transformer, a power station and 30 parking spaces were laid. In the second phase, a 2000KW transformer and a power station were laid. At present, the infrastructure of the first phase of Landao Power Station (NO.001) has been completed, which also has the characteristics of high efficiency, cost reduction, flexibility, safety, standard and intensive.

Second, the demand for the construction of new energy heavy trucks in Danzhou City

According to Hainan Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology The Implementation Plan for the Pilot Application of New Energy Vehicle Switching Mode in Hainan Province issued in November 2021 (Qiong Gongxin Automobile [2021] No.195) and "Guiding Opinions of Hainan Province on Supporting the Construction of Electric Vehicle Switching Stations"(Qiong Fa Gai Energy Letter [2021] No.513) requires giving priority to pilot projects in Haikou, Sanya, Danzhou Yangpu, Qionghai, Wanning and other regions to build a new energy vehicle power exchange network with reasonable layout and moderate advance.

Huanxinyingwan District with Yangpu as the industrial center in our city.Industrial development has a certain foundation.The orientation of industrial development is relatively clear. Take Xiaochantan Wharf and Yangpu Port as radiation centers.Through Hainan West Line Expressway, Wanyang Expressway, Danbai Expressway and Haiyu West Line.(G225), heavy truck freight can radiate the whole island.

Developing clean energy heavy trucks is the need of industrial development.From the perspective of Yangpu Economic Development Zone,With the development of olefin industrial chain in petrochemical functional zone and the extension of aromatic industrial chain to high added value.In recent years, a large number of petrochemical projects, such as millions of tons of ethylene and PTA and PET expansion projects, have been put into production, and the radiation from the port to the petrochemical functional area will surge. According to incomplete statistics, the annual demand for standard containers in the petrochemical functional area will surge from 12,000 to 15,000 to more than 30,000 TEUs every year, and the electric transformation of short-distance transportation within 100 kilometers has obvious advantages.

Heavy trucks with electricity exchange have the advantage of short-distance transportation cost, in view of the current ordinary chaika transportation.The transportation cost of each standard container within 100 kilometers is 400 to 420 yuan, and the liquefied petroleum gas or methanol after cleaning transformation is about 200-220 yuan; Pure electric heavy trucks are transported in 180-200 yuan each.

It is necessary for the development of the park to promote the replacement of heavy trucks.With the in-depth integration of foreign integration,The foundations of two areas of Danzhou Industrial Park, Mutang and Wang Wu, are under rapid construction.The healthy food processing and high-end manufacturing industries in Yangpu Economic Development Zone have developed rapidly.Driven by the development of the park, the demand for heavy truck transportation such as container trucks and commercial concrete has surged.

Popularizing heavy trucks for power exchange is the demand of infrastructure construction.With the implementation of the expansion plan of Xiaochantan WharfPort container throughput can be doubled from the current 1.5 million standard containers. With the demand for infrastructure construction such as road network and hospitals around Xinyingwan District, the demand for heavy truck transportation of commercial concrete is increasing.

Popularizing the construction of heavy truck-to-power station can solve some energy storage needs of offshore wind energy development.From next year, with the development of three nearly 350MW wind fields in CZ2-4 in the northwest of Danzhou, the heavy truck power station can solve the energy storage function of some offshore wind power because of its strong energy storage capacity and great adjustment of power supply peaks and valleys.

Three, to speed up the city’s heavy truck power exchange project construction plan

In the past two years, it has been affected by the epidemic and the growth rate of upstream and downstream industries of real estate has slowed down.The impact has brought adverse effects on the development of new energy-replacing heavy trucks. The Municipal Bureau of Science, Technology and Information Technology will, in accordance with the "New Energy Storage Development Plan of Hainan Province in the 14th Five-Year Plan" of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the requirements of the city on the development plan of charging and replacing infrastructure, the implementation plan and work plan over the years. Combined with the characteristics of Danzhou Yangpu’s economic and social development, driven by the strong demand of clean energy substitution, short-distance electrification and intelligent development, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, we will further vigorously promote the construction of pilot projects for replacing electric vehicles with electricity, build an application and service guarantee system for the construction of electric vehicles in the industrial field, and focus on promoting the construction of heavy trucks for power stations.

Continue to use existing pilot resources.To promote the application of new energy in the industrial field. Do a good job in the promotion and replication of the power exchange mode and service guarantee system of electric heavy trucks in the area around Xinyingwan, strive to complete the electrification replacement of motor vehicles in key terminals during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period., the pilot construction of concrete transportation system for electricity exchange in Huanxinyingwan District., continue to declare the construction of provincial and national pilot cities for power exchange, and strive to establish and improve smart ports and smart logistics systems.

In summaryIn accordance with the work arrangements of provinces and cities, we will continue to unite with relevant departments to speed up the application and promotion of replacing heavy trucks and the construction of heavy truck power exchange projects. Once again, I sincerely thank you for your concern, support and supervision on the development of new energy heavy trucks in our city.!

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Danzhou science and technology he industry information development bureau

November 7, 2022

　　Cctv newsWith the sound of crying, a baby born less than 24 hours will be vaccinated with his or her first vaccine — — Hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccination is a common memory of 1.3 billion Chinese, and every China citizen has enjoyed the National Immunization Program for free since the day of birth.

　　2018 is the 40th year for China to implement the immunization planning policy. Since the implementation of the planned immunization policy in 1978, relevant policy documents have been issued continuously, the investment of central government funds has been continuously increased, the service system has been gradually improved, and remarkable achievements have been made in immunization planning. The national immunization program has expanded from 4 to 14 vaccines, and the number of preventable infectious diseases has expanded from 6 to 15. At present, a four-level immunization program monitoring and management system covering the country, province, city and county and a three-level vaccination service network covering the county, township and village have been established, and the incidence of infectious diseases has been effectively controlled. Among them, smallpox was "eliminated" in China in 1961; After 1994, there were no new cases of polio. In 2014, the carrier rate of hepatitis B surface antigen among children under 5 years old in China dropped to 0.32%; In 2017, the incidence of measles decreased to 4.3/1 million … …

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to implement the strategy of healthy China, improve the national health policy, and provide all-round and full-cycle health services for the people. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed at the National Health and Wellness Conference that it is necessary to unswervingly implement the policy of putting prevention first and adhere to the combination of prevention and control, joint prevention and control, and group prevention and control. Focusing on immunization planning is to provide people with the first disease prevention barrier and the most systematic health protection in the life cycle.

　　Vaccination has lasted for more than forty years.

　　Since the birth of mankind, it has always been in the struggle against infectious diseases. In this battle, human beings suffered heavy losses. In history, there have been many records that entire villages, towns and even the whole country ceased to exist because of the ravages of infectious diseases.

　　During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty in China, human vaccinia was invented to prevent smallpox. During the Qin Long period of the Ming Dynasty, acne pulp was used — — The focus of smallpox patients is made into vaccine and sprayed into the nose to prevent smallpox. Chinese invented human pox vaccination, though primitive, but it became the first time that human beings invented vaccine to prevent and treat infectious diseases. This method of "starting from Jiangyou, reaching Yanqi, and traveling all over the north and south" was later spread to Europe. Two hundred years after Chinese invented vaccinia, the British invented vaccinia at the end of 18th century. In June 1961, the last case of smallpox infection in China was discharged from hospital, which was nearly 20 years earlier than the last case of smallpox in Somalia on October 26, 1977.

　　The achievement shows the remarkable effect of different immunization strategies for different diseases. In 1950, the Chinese government put forward "autumn vaccination campaign". "Vaccination" refers to vaccination and door-to-door "sweeping" immunization in the early stage. At that time, the identification method was very simple, that is, to see if there were any spots on the outside of the upper arm after smallpox vaccination, and if not, to "vaccinate". TongFu.kabu, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and former director of Beijing Institute of Biological Products, said that after three years of implementation of autumn vaccination strategy, the number of reported cases of smallpox dropped from nearly 70,000 in 1950 to more than 400 in 1954. After that, through regular routine immunization and missed inoculation, there were no more cases of smallpox in China after 1962.

　　Planned immunization forms a complete cold chain system and a preliminary immune barrier.

　　From 1978 to 2000, this period is called "planned immunization" stage. At this stage, a complete cold chain system has been established, and the goal of 85% planned immunization coverage rate in provinces, counties and townships has been achieved successively, and the immune barrier of children’s planned immunization-related diseases has been initially established, and the planned immunization against diseases has been gradually effectively controlled.

　　Establishing a complete vaccine cold chain system is the key to ensure vaccine quality. The vaccine contains artificially treated pathogens or pathogenic components, which not only retains its characteristics (antigenicity) that can be recognized by the immune system, but also makes it lose its pathogenicity. As a biological product, vaccine is sensitive to temperature, and it has to go through many links such as storage and transportation from production to inoculation. In order to ensure the quality of vaccine, vaccine should be stored and transported within the standard temperature range.

　　The landmark achievement of this stage is that China has achieved the goal of no polio. Wang Huaqing, chief expert of immunization program of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, introduced that in order to quickly establish an immune barrier among children and realize polio-free status as soon as possible, China has set up national intensive immunization days since December 1993, namely December 5 -6 and January 5 -6. During the National Intensive Immunization Day, two doses of polio vaccine were given to children aged 0-3 nationwide. Up to 2000, seven times and 14 rounds of intensive immunization activities were carried out nationwide, and the cumulative number of children vaccinated reached 800 million. The coverage rate of supplementary immunization report remained above 95%. After 1994, there were no more polio cases in China through immunization strategies such as routine immunization, supplementary immunization and emergency immunization, and the establishment of sensitive acute flaccid paralysis monitoring system.

　　Immunization program further builds immune barrier.

　　"What is the purpose of our vaccination? It is to control the disease. Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the incidence of major infectious diseases has dropped to the lowest level in history. " Wang Huaqing told reporters about his achievements, but there was no joy on his face. In his view, every day starts from scratch and we can’t relax for a moment.

　　Compared with the planned immunization stage, the planned immunization stage has realized the rule of law management on the basis of scientificity and standardization. Vaccine varieties are adjusted and updated in a timely manner. In 2007, there were 14 kinds of vaccines in the national immunization program. In 2016, the polio vaccine was adjusted, with bivalent live attenuated vaccine replacing trivalent live attenuated vaccine, and inactivated vaccine replacing live attenuated vaccine in the first dose of polio vaccine. At this stage, the vaccination rate reached the goal of 90% by taking the township as the unit. Among them, the incidence of preventable diseases among children in China has dropped significantly, and the carrier rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen among children under 5 years old has dropped from 9.67% in 1992 to 0.32% in 2014, with a drop of 97%. In 2017, the incidence of measles decreased to 4.3/1 million, and the incidence rate decreased to the lowest level in history.

　　At the same time of timely adjustment and updating of vaccine varieties, China began to establish a monitoring system for vaccine adverse reactions in 2005. At present, the sensitivity and quality of vaccine adverse reaction monitoring have been recognized by WHO. The establishment and application of the vaccine adverse reaction system enabled China to pass the WHO evaluation of the vaccine supervision system twice with excellent results in 2011 and 2014, which eliminated the bottleneck of domestic vaccines going global and laid the foundation for China’s vaccines going abroad. It is worth mentioning that four vaccines produced in China, such as inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, influenza split vaccine, bivalent polio vaccine and inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, have passed WHO pre-certification, which means that the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines have been recognized by WHO, and the four vaccines will enter the procurement list of United Nations agencies and can be used for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in developing countries.

　　Achievements are hard-won, and the road ahead is inspiring. In 2017, the "Outline of Healthy China 2030 Plan" issued by the CPC Central Committee and the the State Council guided the work of immunization planning, which mentioned that it is necessary to "provide fair, accessible and systematic health services based on the whole population and the whole life cycle to achieve a higher level of national health." Wang Huaqing pointed out that from a technical point of view, the expanded immunization program needs to consider disease factors, vaccine factors and capacity factors, and a series of preparatory work should be done. This is a scientific systematic project, which needs systematic evidence and comprehensive consideration and demonstration.

　　Co-construction and sharing is the basic way to build a healthy China. At present, people’s confidence in vaccination has been continuously improved, and their sense of active participation in vaccination has also been continuously enhanced, and the concept of immunization planning has been deeply rooted in people’s hearts. As the most economical and effective means to prevent and control infectious diseases, "immunization program" needs to continue to coordinate the three levels of society, industry and individuals, form a strong joint force to maintain and promote health, do a good job in routine vaccination of children, emergency vaccination, missed vaccination and vaccination of high-risk groups, establish a prevention and control network to control infectious diseases, and play its due obligations and responsibilities to protect people’s health! (Text/Zhang Ke correspondent/Zhou Ying)

　　Thanks to the strong support of the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention for this article. )

The competition in the automobile market is still very fierce. What Xiaobian brings today is. The following small series will tell you in detail.

First of all, from the appearance, the front face of Gongchuang Tank 300 presents a simple and fashionable design style and looks very young. Coupled with stylish and generous headlights, the momentum is quite sufficient. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, front fog lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4681MM*1967MM*1954MM, and the car adopts simple lines, which gives people a very simple and fashionable feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of sports. In the design of the rear end, the rear end looks domineering, the taillight style is fierce, and with the unique exhaust pipe, the overall shape is still very attractive.

In terms of interior, the interior adopts a cold design and the visual effect is very good. The steering wheel of the car is very in line with the interior style, equipped with the functions of manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment, steering wheel heating, etc., and its practicality and face value are not bad. Take a look at the central control, with the 12.3-inch touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and meets the aesthetic standards of most consumers. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats again. The dashboard is well designed and looks more dynamic and lively. The car uses leather seats, which are wrapped in place and the overall comfort is acceptable.

A total of 300 tanks are matched with an automatic manual transmission (AT) gearbox, with a maximum power of 167KW and a maximum torque of 387N.m.

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, rear wiper, interior atmosphere light and other configurations, which is rich in functions and greatly improves its convenience.

The car introduced today is remarkable in terms of space, configuration and power, and home travel is also a good helper. If you have plans to buy a car now, then today’s car is worth learning about.

　　According to the State Post Bureau, this year is the 13th peak season for postal express delivery since 2010. According to the monitoring data of the State Post Bureau, from November 1 to 11, the national postal express delivery enterprises handled a total of 4.272 billion express parcels, and the average daily handling capacity was 1.3 times of the daily business volume. Among them, 552 million express parcels were handled on November 11th, which was 1.8 times of the daily business volume.

　　At present, except for some areas affected by the epidemic, the whole network is generally stable. The postal express industry actively responded, fully guaranteed the smooth operation of the peak season, and strived to create a safe peak season, a smooth peak season and a warm peak season. It is expected that the mail express generated in the peak season of "double 11" will be basically delivered before November 20th.

　　This year’s "double 11" express business season mainly presents the following characteristics. First, the industry is running more smoothly. The e-commerce platform’s "good start" on November 1st further diverted the peak of double 11’s business volume that day, and the "double peak" of business became a normal state of the e-commerce platform "double 11", which effectively relieved the pressure of the postal express delivery enterprises’ sharp increase in the peak season. Second, the coordination of express e-commerce is closer. Through the extensive use of big data and other technologies, the e-commerce platform further strengthens the analysis and judgment, pre-stores a large number of pre-sold goods to the storage sites and outlets of postal express delivery enterprises, and postal express delivery enterprises allocate various resources such as transportation capacity and personnel in a targeted manner, making the delivery speed of goods faster and more convenient, and the timely delivery rate of 48 hours and the punctual delivery rate of 72 hours have improved. Third, the application of science and technology is deeper. More than 900 sets of automatic processing equipment have been newly invested in the whole industry, and technologies such as "outlet housekeeper", smart security check and address fence have become more mature. Postal express delivery enterprises have vigorously promoted the use of contactless delivery modes such as smart express boxes, and the overall operational efficiency has continued to improve. Fourth, epidemic prevention measures and security are more powerful. The State Post Bureau guides local postal administrations to strengthen supervision and inspection of enterprises’ implementation of epidemic prevention and control requirements, strengthen prevention and control of key links, key places and personnel, and prevent the epidemic from spreading through delivery channels. At the same time,With the support of local party committees and governments, the number of postal express distribution centers and outlets affected by the epidemic has decreased significantly compared with the end of October, and the microcirculation at the end has become smoother.