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According to the spirit of "Several Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Sustainable Development of Resource-based Cities" issued by the State Council, shangzhi city is facing the resource crisis and economic crisis, such as the decrease of total forest resources, the decrease of recoverable resources, the decrease of high-quality timber output, the decrease of the stock of precious tree species and the decrease of production per unit area. Focusing on the State Council’s proposal on how to seize the opportunity to change the mode of forestry growth and promote the sustainable development of economy and society through economic transformation, the work of transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities in our city is summarized as follows:

First, the effectiveness of forestry sustainable development and construction in shangzhi city

(1) Present situation of forest resources.shangzhi cityLocated in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, on the northwest slope of Zhangguangcailing, it is adjacent to Hailin County in the east, Wuchang County in the south, Acheng District of Harbin City in the west and Binxian County and Yanshou County in the north.The total administrative area of shangzhi city is 8910 square kilometers. There are six forestry units in China, namely Yabuli Forestry Bureau and Weihe Forestry Bureau, Changgang Experimental Forest Farm under the Provincial Forest Resources Bureau, Shangzhi State-owned Forest Farm Administration directly under the Provincial Forestry Department, Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm directly under the Northeast Forestry University and shangzhi city Forestry Bureau directly under the leadership of shangzhi city Municipal People’s Government. The city has more than 790,000 hectares of forestry land, accounting for 88.6% of the city’s total land area, with a forest coverage rate of 73.41% and a standing stock of 47.29 million cubic meters. In terms of ownership, the forestry land area of state-owned forestry business units is more than 720,000 hectares, and the standing stock is 44.56 million cubic meters; Non-state-owned forestry land covers an area of more than 70,000 hectares, and the standing stock is 2.73 million cubic meters; From the classification of forest land, there are more than 650 thousand hectares of forest land and more than 140 thousand hectares of other forest land.The management area and stock of non-state-owned forest areas under the responsibility of shangzhi city Forestry Bureau account for 8.5% and 5.8% of the city respectively.

(2) The history of forestry management and development.The history of forestry management in shangzhi city dates back to before 1958. The Provincial General Administration of Forestry Industry set up two forestry industry bureaus and an experimental forest farm in Shangzhi, and the county government set up a forestry bureau (field building office). Under the leadership of the county people’s Committee, a forestry department was established, and forestry assistants were set up in each commune. In the same year, Yabuli and Weihe Forest Industry Enterprise Bureau were established with the approval of the Provincial Planning Commission. In 1958, the Forestry Bureau was changed to Forestry Bureau, and 20 forest farms were set up in the county, some of which were mainly logging forest farms, and some were operating forest farms focusing on tending, management and afforestation. Thus formed the most primitive forestry system pattern. In 1963, the then Forestry Department of Shangzhi County organized the second-class investigation of forestry division and forest resources, re-divided the original 20 forest farms, and designated 10 state-owned forest farms. At that time, there were 20 forestry offices under 20 communes in the county, which were responsible for the forest management work of production teams. In 1992, the forestry system reform, under the premise of separating government from enterprises, formed Shangzhi State-owned Forest Farm Administration and shangzhi city Forestry Bureau. The forestry production and construction in shangzhi city has been ups and downs for decades, and it has been constantly improved and advanced in exploration, and has made great achievements.

——Forest management.In the era of planned economy, in order to meet the needs of national construction and people’s production and living materials, forest management activities mainly focused on logging, which led to unprecedented catastrophe of forest resources, and the total forest area and standing stock decreased sharply. As a result of the inventory in 1963, the forest coverage rate was 78%, which decreased to 57.8% in 1984. After the implementation of quota logging, the situation of excessive consumption of forest resources has been controlled and natural forests have been well protected. In 1994, the auction of "Five Wastes" was implemented, which led to a large loss of collective forest resources and excessive logging. Driven by the policy mechanism such as "maturing soil", a large number of valuable natural forest resources have been changed to forest land use, and Shangzhi’s forest resources have been greatly damaged.In the past five years, a total of 262,276 cubic meters of wood was produced, which was 32,360 cubic meters less than that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, and the amount of logging was reduced by 11%, which enabled the forest to recuperate. The transformation of low-yield and low-efficiency forests was completed in 1879 hectares, and the tending area of adult forests was 24,817 hectares, which enabled young and middle-aged forests to be nursed in time, improved the sanitary conditions in the forests, expanded the nutritional space of trees and accelerated their growth.

——Planting trees.In different historical years, under different historical conditions and different management systems, afforestation has always been supported and supported by party committees, governments, workers on the forestry front and the broad masses of the people, and the cause of afforestation has always shown a good momentum of vigorous development. Afforestation organized by the government in shangzhi city began in 1958, but the climax of afforestation was set after the allocation of "two shortages" in the 1970s and 1980s, which once set a historical record of afforestation of 200,000 mu per year. The recent peak of afforestation is the promulgation of "Decision on Greening the Land of Longjiang in Twelve Years", the issuance of two telegrams by the State Council and the provincial government, the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forests, the "fourth phase" project of the Three North Areas and the national ecological construction subsidy fund, and the decision of the provincial party committee to green the land of Heilongjiang in five years. Since 2000, more than 220,000 mu of artificial afforestation has been collectively completed only by returning farmland to forests and the "fourth phase" project of Three North Areas. At present, the afforestation area of artificial forests in collective forest areas in the city has reached 656,000 mu.

——Forest protection. By the end of 2011, 18 scientific and technological achievements had been transformed, popularized and applied, and a demonstration area of 1,000 mu of berries in cold regions had been established, and the construction of forest seedlings had been strengthened. There are 560 hectares of improved seed base, 840 hectares of seed collection base and 46 hectares of nursery, with an annual seed production capacity of 62,000 kilograms and an annual output of 33 million seedlings. Forest fire prevention has been achieved for 26 consecutive years without forest fires, the forest fire risk prediction and early warning system has been gradually established, the ability of preventing and fighting forest fires has been greatly improved, the regularization of forest public security teams has been continuously strengthened, and the infrastructure construction has been significantly improved. Through a series of centralized and unified special actions, various illegal and criminal activities have been severely cracked down, and zero planting has been realized in the work of banning seeds and shoveling drugs. New progress was made in the prevention and control of forest pests. The effective prevention and control rate of main forest pests and diseases reached 95%, the incidence rate dropped from 3% to 2.5% at present, the disaster rate was controlled at 0‰, the monitoring coverage rate reached 90.3%, and the quarantine rate of seedling production area reached 100%. A relatively complete forest pest control management system has been initially formed, with 267 fixed monitoring plots. The forestry law enforcement system has been gradually strengthened, and the investigation rate of forestry cases has been greatly improved. The research and application of forest pest control monitoring system has controlled the "four rates" index of the city’s pest control within the permitted range, and the forestry administration and public security have intensified their crackdown, severely cracking down on illegal logging and other forest resources.offenders and criminalsThe arrogance, deforestation cases decreased significantly, and forest resources were fully protected.

——Actively cultivate alternative industries and increase industrial scale production and construction. 1, complete the task of forest products industry construction. The first is to realize the transformation of the management system of forestry industry. The pencil board factory in Yibanpo Forest Farm is contracted out to foreign countries, and the processing factory in Yuanbao Forest Farm is operated in a joint-stock system, which makes a bold attempt in management. Second, the task of industrial production was fully completed. In 2011, more than 100,000 cubic meters of sawn timber were completed; 2. Vigorously develop individual economy and cultivate alternative industries. Actively guide and support forestry workers to develop individual and private economy. In 2011, the city’s forestry workers developed 10 self-employed economies. 800,000 bags of edible fungi were cultivated, and the city developed more than 1.4 billion bags of edible fungi industry; 500 livestock and poultry/animal; 3. Develop the production of small berries mainly by planting raspberries, and realize the industrialized production of non-forest industries. In 2011, according to the overall goal of the development planning of resource-exhausted cities, the city achieved 75,000 mu of planting area of small berry economic forests such as raspberries, resettled more than 20,000 employees, and solved many contradictions between agriculture and forestry. It has laid a solid foundation for the development of the four pillar industries in our city.

Second,Relevant policies and measures to promote sustainable development

(A) the policy environment to promote the development of forestry. First, the social status of forestry has been greatly improved.After the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on accelerating forestry development was issued, it provided a programmatic document for guiding the current forestry work. This decision defines forestry as not only an important public welfare undertaking, but also a basic industry, shouldering the dual tasks of ecological construction and forest product supply. At the same time, it is clear that forestry has made an important contribution to the country’s economic construction and the improvement of ecological conditions, and plays an increasingly important role in promoting the development of agriculture and rural economy in the new stage, expanding urban and rural employment and increasing farmers’ income.Second, the central government has continuously increased its investment in forestry.Since 2000, the central government has continuously increased its basic investment in forestry, and has successively launched six key forestry construction projects, among which shangzhi city has organized and implemented the project of returning farmland to forests, the "four-phase" construction project of the Three-North Shelterbelt and the forest ecological benefit compensation fund project. The implementation of these three projects has brought rare opportunities for Shangzhi’s forestry development. First, during the eight years of the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests, it will increase the forestry investment for shangzhi city by nearly 100 million yuan. Eight years’ implementation of the follow-up industrial construction of returning farmland to forests will inject 90 million yuan into the construction of forestry, rural energy and alternative industries in our city. The ecological benefit compensation fund project strives for the national investment of 720,000 yuan every year, increasing to 2.5 million yuan from 2011, not including the supporting special investment. The implementation of the three projects has increased the forest area of shangzhi city by nearly 300,000 mu (excluding state-owned), and the state will extend the compensation time for returning farmland to forests, which will greatly alleviate the problem of insufficient investment in afforestation.Third, the enthusiasm of the whole society to pay attention to forestry is constantly rising.. Firstly, with forest tourism, the in-depth development of forest by-products and the supply of high-quality building decoration materials, the whole society has a new understanding of the multi-functional benefits of forestry. Secondly, the improvement of ecological environment makes people pay more attention to the ecological benefits of forests. The third is that all sectors of society actively participate in the development and construction of forestry. As far as Shangzhi is concerned, in the past 10 years, afforestation has been mainly invested by individuals, and the forest right of returning farmland to forests is basically owned by individuals. The enthusiasm of public officials to buy forest land for afforestation is also relatively high, and there has been a rush to buy forest land and compete for afforestation.

(2) We must vigorously cultivate and protect forest resources.Accelerate forest resourcesCultivation, establish a stable high-quality wood supply system and forest ecosystem. It is necessary to vigorously develop native tree species, encourage the construction of mixed forests, make barren hills suitable for forests green, and gradually change the problem of low and single tree species structure in forest quality; It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of existing forests, vigorously cultivate precious tree species such as Korean pine, Fraxinus mandshurica, pineapple and walnut autumn, and continuously increase the proportion of precious tree species. It is necessary to effectively change the management concept, realize the transformation from simply using materials to building and cultivating a stable forest ecosystem, and at the same time meet people’s diversified ecological, economic and social needs.At present, the afforestation area in shangzhi city should be more than 400,000 mu, including 50,000 mu collectively. We should strive to complete it in 3-5 years, and at the same time, we must play the role of the main battlefield of ecological construction of state-owned forestry units to achieve a "chess game" in the city.It is necessary to further reduce timber production and resolutely put an end to over-exploitation and deforestation. The amount of timber harvested by Shangzhi in the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the Tenth Five-Year Plan is more than 800,000 meters per year. After the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project, it will be reduced to more than 400,000 cubic meters, which should be further reduced to less than 300,000 meters. At the same time, we must strengthen the protection consciousness of forest resources, strictly manage measures, and resolutely put an end to over-exploitation and deforestation. In the work, we should further strengthen supervision and inspection. Once the problem of over-quota and over-planned logging is found, we will resolutely investigate the responsibility of the "top leaders" and related responsible persons in accordance with the law and will never tolerate it. Third, we should continue to implement contract management and protection to realize the organic combination of resource protection and workers’ interests. It is necessary to further strengthen the construction of resource management and protection team, improve and perfect the supervision system of management and protection contract, implement dynamic monitoring and management of forest resources and major economic plant files in the contracted responsibility area, determine special personnel to conduct regular inspection and supervision, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of forest owners and contractors according to law, and strictly monitor the over-exploitation and utilization of forest resources.

(3) Strive to achieve sustainable forest management. First, we should fully understand the great significance of sustainable forest management.. The main purpose of sustainable forest management is to maintain the health and vitality of realistic and potential forest ecosystems through scientific management and rational utilization of forests, so as to meet the needs of economic and social development for forest products and their environmental service functions, and to ensure and promote the coordinated development of population, resources, environment, society and economy.Second, we must accurately grasp the scientific connotation of sustainable forest management.. Sustainable forest management refers to the whole dynamic process from forest cultivation, management and protection, tending to utilization, and its essential requirement is to meet the needs of contemporary people without causing harm to future generations. The core task is to increase the supply of forest products and improve the service function of forests; The basic idea is to pursue the coordination, unity and sustainable development of ecological, social and economic benefits; The goal model is to meet the continuous and diverse needs of human beings for forest resources through strict protection and scientific management.Third, we should vigorously promote the implementation process of sustainable forest management.. To solve the long-term development of forest areas, we must strictly protect the existing natural forests and control the excessive consumption of natural forest resources by stopping logging and reducing production in accordance with the principle of "strict protection, active development, scientific management and sustainable utilization". Further increase forest vegetation through artificial afforestation, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and aerial seeding afforestation; By strengthening the cultivation of young and middle-aged forests and the transformation of low-yield forests, the forest quality and woodland productivity will be continuously improved.

(4) Accelerating the pace of industrial restructuring and development. First, we must persist in scientific and technological innovation and lead industrial development.. Using modern scientific and technological means to improve the overall quality and strength of forestry industry. In 2011, the total output value of social forestry economic construction in shangzhi city was 1.38 billion yuan, the profit was 560 million yuan, and the tax paid was 80 million yuan, with an annual growth rate of more than 10%. There are mainly forest tourism, northern medicine development, green food, wood processing, willow weaving and seedling and flower industry. Among these six industries, forest industry and green food forest tourism have become the leading industries of the five industries in shangzhi city’s regional economic construction.Second, we should make full use of rich forest resources and human resources to develop characteristic tourism.. Tourism is a new leading industry in recent years. There are four national forest parks in shangzhi city, namely Maoershan tourist scenic spot centered on Lvjiaweizi, Yabuli ski resort windmill villa, a ruined tourist area and Wanfoshan tourist area. There is the first village to commemorate Zhou Libo’s Yuanbao land reform culture. There are a large number of unique tourism resources, such as the Anti-Union Base Area represented by the place where Zhao Yiman was arrested. Especially, skiing tourism in winter brings great economic and social benefits to Shangzhi every year.Third, we should support and cultivate a number of pillar industries with strong competitive strength..Taking the wood processing industry as an example, Shangzhi has 328 wood processing enterprises, with an annual output value of 290 million yuan, profits of 10 million yuan and taxes of 15 million yuan. There are more than 20 wood processing enterprises above designated size, mainly concentrated in Weihe Town, Yabuli Town, Shangzhi Town and Yuanbao Town. The development of these enterprises has formed a certain scale, and has formed a certain demonstration and driving role in the local and surrounding areas, but the product grade and competitiveness in the international market are still in a weak position, and the in-depth development and utilization of products are still at a latent level, especially the comprehensive utilization of waste has not yet reached the goal of eating dry and squeezing clean.

(5)Create a good internal and external development environment. First, we must give financial support.. The active preferential tax policy has been implemented. At present, the taxes on agricultural and forestry specialties have been abolished, and the income tax should be gradually reduced or exempted for enterprises, especially for processing enterprises that use wood residues as raw materials. Policy banks actively provide financial services in line with the characteristics of forestry, appropriately extend the term of forestry loans, broaden the types of support loans, lower the threshold of loan access, and extend the length of loans, so that enterprises and farmers can enjoy the preferential policies of state financial support, and solve the problem of insufficient investment in forestry.Second, we should further deepen the reform of the forestry system.. As far as Shangzhi is concerned, the forestry system can be called the management pattern of "three gangs and five countries". The state-owned forestry units in China occupy more than half of Shangzhi and belong to different higher authorities, so it is difficult to implement a unified pace in the overall planning and implementation of ecological construction, the unified allocation of resources and the systematic development of industries. Especially in the construction of ecological environment, it failed to give full play to the main battlefield role of construction. Therefore, in order to strengthen environmental construction, improve the relationship between forest and farmers, promote the adjustment of industrial structure, and speed up the pace of forest areas and farmers getting rich, it is necessary to continuously increase the government’s macro-control and give local governments corresponding rights.Third, we must continuously increase infrastructure construction.. We should only focus on the overall goal of establishing a complete ecological system and a developed forestry industrial system, increase basic investment around law enforcement, fire prevention and pest control, forest development through science and technology, management and protection network and resource cultivation. Through the establishment and improvement of various infrastructures, we will continue to deepen forestry construction and promote the great and rapid development of forestry.

Third, the problems and contradictions faced

Realizing the release of rural potential and promoting rural economic development by deepening the reform of forest right; Increase farmers’ income, promote farmers’ employment and maintain rural stability; Improve the ecological benefits and the supply capacity of forest products and forest by-products; Promote the transformation from traditional forestry to modern forestry. To promote this reform, it is necessary to establish the dominant position of farmers, clarify the ownership and use rights of trees, liberalize the management rights, implement the disposal rights and guarantee the income rights on the premise of keeping the ownership of rural land unchanged. In a short period of time, set up on the basis of individual contract management,Management mechanism of forest region with coexistence of various economic forms and unity of responsibility and rights.First, the reform of collective forest rights can enrich and improve the rural household contract responsibility system.Woodland, like cultivated land, is an important land resource of the country, an important production factor of forestry and an important livelihood guarantee for farmers. We will promote the reform of collective forest rights, give farmers the right to use forest land, and let farmers enjoy the ownership, use and income rights of forest land according to law. Realize "the mountain has its owner, the owner has its right, the right has its responsibilities, and the responsibility has its benefits", so that the production relations of forestry can better meet the development requirements of productive forces and further liberate and develop rural productive forces.Second, the reform of collective forest rights can expand the space for agricultural development.Through the reform of forest right, various production factors such as capital, technology and labor will be attracted to forestry and forest areas, and the ecological, economic, cultural and social multi-functional benefits of forestry will be continuously developed, the social supply capacity of forest products and forest by-products will be increased, the field of forestry management will be extended in depth and breadth, and the diversity and versatility of forestry will be developed.Third, the support and means to enhance the competitiveness of forestry through the reform of collective forest rights.The development of industry depends on the market mechanism. Only by adjusting the forestry structure to the market can we continuously improve the quality and efficiency of forestry. Only by fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of market players can we continuously improve the comprehensive forestry capacity and management level. Through the reform of forest right, the market mechanism is introduced into forestry economy and ecological construction, the property right relationship is clear, the market subject is clear, the market system is cultivated, and the market transaction is standardized, so that forestry has inherent development vitality and a virtuous cycle development mechanism is established.Fourth, the reform of forest rights can provide guarantee for ecological construction.To protect and manage the forest ecological environment well, only by protecting in development and protecting in development can we realize the benign interaction between development, utilization and protection, and only by further clarifying the relationship between property rights, income and distribution can we achieve people’s concentration and take root in the mountains, and can we better play the ecological and economic benefits of forestry.

In short, according to the requirements of the State Council’s "Several Opinions", there is a big gap in building a resource-based city and realizing sustainable development in our city. It is difficult to get rid of the accumulated disadvantages for many years, and it will take a long time to repair the excessive damage. However, the people of the city will make concerted efforts to overcome difficulties and unswervingly follow the road of sustainable development.

Four, 2012 and the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period of sustainable development.

Strive to increase the forest coverage rate to74%more thanBreakthrough progress has been made in ecological management, soil erosion in major river basins and desertification in major sandstorm areas have been alleviated, the overall deterioration of ecological conditions has been initially curbed, and the forestry industrial structure has become more reasonable. The area of ecological public welfare forest protected by the state has reached 109,000 hectares, accounting for 55.9% of the forest area; The nature reserve covers an area of 2,591 hectares. The average productivity of forest land increased from 73.4 to 80 cubic meters/hectare; The supply rate of commercial timber in plantation reached over 35%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of timber reached.　 90%, basically realize the transformation from cutting natural forests to cutting artificial forests; The seed supply rate of afforestation base will reach over 30%, the utilization rate of improved varieties will reach 65%, the qualified rate of seedlings leaving the nursery is 90%, the rate of first-class seedlings leaving the nursery is 85%, the self-sufficiency rate of seedlings is 100%, and the rate of container seedling raising is 10%. The incidence of forest pests and rodents will be controlled below 5%, the disaster rate will be controlled below 4.5‰, the monitoring coverage rate will reach over 90%, and the effective control rate will reach over 80%. The fire rate of forest land should be controlled below 1‰. The contribution rate of scientific and technological progress reached 60%.

(Source: National Rural Economic Dynamic Monitoring Point, shangzhi city Development and Reform Commission, Heilongjiang Province)

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Source: USA Today

Translation: Juan

Editor: Jiangnan

[translator’s note]

On Monday (June 27th), the bodies of more than 40 immigrants were found on an overheated trailer on an industrial road in the south of San Antonio. The death toll has climbed to 51.

For decades, deaths have not been uncommon on this busiest smuggling route. Nevertheless, the staggering number on Monday, more than any one in recent memory, shocked law enforcement agencies and immigration advocates.

This scale may reflect that the border is now closed more than at any time in history, and people are beginning to look for more dangerous ways to cross the border, including smuggling in the hot summer season. The death toll has also started to rise. In 2021, at least 650 migrants died crossing the US-Mexico border, more than in any year since the United Nations-affiliated International Organization for Migration began tracking data in 2014.

In this article, the reporter is concerned about another cross-border route located in Arizona, which is in a hot desert. Without snakeheads and extra water, the chances of stowaways surviving are almost zero. So why do people risk crossing the border?

Borders and border walls in the desert.

The Supreme Court has undergone a fundamental change.

On the map, the desert in southwest Arizona is an empty land, the area of which is equivalent to that of Connecticut, a sea of nothingness.

On the map of death, it is a red ocean.

For those who are determined to enter the United States, this is a way out: a fence that can be crossed, an empty land that few people pay attention to, and a promise to the north. But in reality, if there is no snakehead as a guide and no additional water source is found, there is no way to cross.

So people die here and keep dying.

Selene Ramirez has obviously never hiked in the desert. On a day when the temperature will soar to 108 degrees Fahrenheit at the end of June, Ramirez carried her small backpack on her back, and obviously she didn’t have enough water to walk for five hours.

However, several illegal immigrants who passed by reported that there was a body in the desert. Ramirez is worried that this is the body of her 25-year-old brother carlos martinez. He crossed the border illegally in mid-June, and then he lost contact.

If it belongs to her brother, Ramirez is determined to find it.

"Some people think they are just illegal immigrants trying to cross the border. They don’t realize that they are human beings, and their families are thinking about them, "Ramirez said, taking the first step, walking into the furnace-like heat to seek answers.

More people died in the desert.

A hastily made cross represents the end of a stowaway’s journey here.

According to the Arizona Dead Immigrant Action Organization, since 2001, at least 2,832 bodies of immigrants have been found in southern Arizona. Nearly 40%(1089 people) have never been identified.

This initiative is a joint project of Humane Borders in Tucson and Pima County Medical Examiner’s Office. The project marks the location of every dead immigrant found on an interactive map. There are many red circles on the map, and southern Arizona is like a sea of blood.

But Chelsea Halstead, deputy director of the Corebury Center for Human Rights, said that the area has not always been a huge graveyard for immigrants. According to the data of OpenGIS, before 2000, fewer than five people were found dead every year in southern Arizona.

However, in 2001, with the surge of undocumented immigrants from Mexico to the United States and the strengthening of border security measures in California and Texas, more immigrants entered the United States through more remote and dangerous routes in Arizona, and the number soared to 79.

In 2010, 224 human remains were found, reaching the peak.

Since then, the number of arrests by the Border Patrol, which represents the number of people crossing the border illegally, has dropped significantly. Despite this, according to OpenGIS data, the number of immigrant deaths found every year is still high, with 169 people found in 2016.

Horstead said that the data showed that more people chose more dangerous routes and crossed more dangerous terrain.

Horstead said: "What we know is that people will find a way (through) with or without walls."

"What we can predict is that more people will be put in danger … more of them will die in the desert."

When Ramirez reported her brother’s disappearance, the center had 2,454 cases of missing immigrants reported by family members within the border. Among these immigrants, 1,560 are missing in Arizona, 286 in Texas, 80 in California and 4 in New Mexico. The rest just disappeared on the border, but I don’t know the exact location.

Ramirez said that her brother carlos martinez has lived in Arizona almost all his life. Their mother brought him to America illegally when he was nine months old. Four years later, Ramirez was born in Phoenix, so she is an American citizen, but her brother is not.

Ramirez said that his brother regards Arizona as his home. He tattooed "AZ" on his left shoulder. She said he was funny and caring, and often stopped to buy a snack for the homeless people in the street.

But in 2016, her brother was deported.

Prepare for the worst: Selena Ramirez is carrying her brother carlos martinez’s Mexican voter card. She said that if they found his body, it might help to identify him.

Their mother moved back to Canaria in Sonora a few years ago. Ramirez said that after Martinez was deported, he moved in with his mother. But he is eager to return to Phoenix.

"He doesn’t want to stay in Mexico anymore," Ramirez said. "He doesn’t like it. He feels very strange. "

But it is a felony to illegally re-enter the United States after being deported. This may explain why he decided to embark on such a distant and dangerous route.

Martinez stocked up on food and water before smuggling. According to him, he will cross the border with eight or nine other people.

He was probably put down by a snakehead near the 19-kilometer sign on Mexico Highway 2, about 12 miles west of Sonoita, and then passed there. There are roadblocks here, too, but they are used to stop vehicles from passing, and people can easily climb over them.

What is even more frightening is the other side. It takes 80 miles to reach the most common smuggling destination-Gilabend. It may take 7 to 10 days to cross the mountainous desert terrain on foot.

马丁内斯越境两天后，拉米雷斯接到了他的一个同伴打来的电话。

他告诉她马丁内斯开始感到不舒服。他在呕吐。一开始他说他要向边境巡逻队自首。然后他决定继续走下去。那是这个人最后一次见到他。

接下来的两天，拉米雷斯一直在打电话，想知道她哥哥发生了什么事。她给边境巡逻队、移民和海关执法局、管风琴仙人掌国家纪念碑和墨西哥领事馆打了电话。

没有找到他的任何记录。

“我一直希望他被移民局拘留了，但他没有，”拉米雷斯说。“我们不会失去希望。除非我看到我哥哥的尸体，否则他就是活着的。”

“骨头！”

6月23日上午11点多一点，人道主义团体“不再有死亡”（No More Deaths）的志愿者们排起了长队。

他们走在沙漠的灌木丛中，低着头，眼睛扫视着地面，在基诺峰以南进行网格搜索，移民报告说在那里看到了一具尸体，可能是拉米雷斯哥哥的尸体。

一个志愿者刚刚发现了一根骨头。队伍停了下来。

其中一名志愿者是一名兽医。她告诉该组织领导人斯科特·沃伦（Scott Warren），它看起来像一块大腿骨。但它看起来太小了，不像是人类。她说，它可能来自一头鹿。

Warren used GPS to locate the place. He also took several photos, and planned to send the coordinates and photos to the Pima County Forensic Medicine Office, so that officials could determine whether the bones came from animals or humans.

Volunteers continue to search.

Then the group stopped to rest in a sparse shade.

This place is full of fragments left by stowaways when they are resting: empty tuna cans, food wrapping paper, torn clothes, backpacks, and black plastic gallon kettles specially sold to immigrants in Mexico, because they are not reflective and will not attract the attention of the border patrol.

As part of the organization’s efforts to prevent the death of immigrants, No More Death volunteers regularly put down fresh water and bagged beans in the same place.

Warren said that when the stowaways arrived here, they had walked for a day or two, 15 to 20 miles from the border, but 60 miles from Gilabend, and they had to walk for five to seven days.

Scott Warren of the humanitarian organization No More Death and other volunteers went to Arizona Organ Cactus National Monument to find the remains of immigrants.

The temperature that day was above 105 degrees. "You need more than one gallon of water a day, maybe close to two gallons," Warren said. "If you calculate, you have to prepare 15 gallons of water. That is about 130 pounds. You really can’t carry so much water. "

This helps to explain why so many stowaways have died.

No one knows how many bodies have not been found, but there may be thousands.

The summer heat exhausted the volunteers’ energy, so they decided to get back in the car and park it near the rescue lighthouse of the border patrol two miles away.

Suddenly, a man appeared out of nowhere, jumped out of the bushes and waved his arms.

This is an immigrant.

"We have water," a volunteer shouted in Spanish.

"We are lost," the man shouted. "We need help."

On this day, Irineo Mujica followed the "No More Death" group, hoping to help find Martinez. He and Martinez met in an immigrant shelter in Sonoita.

While other volunteers were waiting under a tree, mujica followed Warren and the stowaway to a small white leaf tree.

Another stowaway was lying in the shade on the ground. They have no water.

While the volunteers were treating the two stowaways, a third person came. He went to look for water earlier. He told mujica that he had seen a body when he was chased by the border patrol not far from the foot of the mountain the day before.

Muhika said that after receiving help, these immigrants decided to return to Mexico on foot instead of turning themselves in. So the volunteers left them under the tree and went back to the car by themselves.

Search again

Four days later, on June 27th, mujica decided to go back and look for it himself. This time he brought Ramirez.

Less than an hour after the search, Ramirez was a little overwhelmed. She often stops to have a rest and drinks some hot water.

During the search, Ramirez found the shoes and clothes left by a cross-border person in Organ Cactus National Memorial Park.

She tried to take a few sips of drink. But at the high temperature of 108 degrees Fahrenheit, the taste of electrolyte drinks is disgusting. She left it on a rock, next to which was a deep beach full of debris discarded by immigrants.

Ramirez said, "I left it there for those who need it more than I do."

This area is full of migration paths across the desert.

When she reached a ridge, Ramirez met a tragic scene. Someone tore off all his clothes-shoes, socks, shirts, trousers, underwear-and threw them on the rocks, which is evidence of someone’s extreme pain.

Ramirez looked at his shoes. She concluded that these things were not her brother’s. He is wearing white shoes. These shoes are all black.

The probability of going out by yourself is zero.

Agent Daniel Hernandez parked his border patrol car next to Highway 85. He listened to the crackle of the radio and explained why this part of the border was so dangerous.

First of all, the terrain here is very barren, and immigrants can’t cross it without the help of snakeheads, so they are tantamount to handing their lives into the hands of strangers. If stowaways are injured or sick, snakeheads will leave them behind.

He said: "The probability of them going out by themselves is zero."

What about Trump’s border wall? Does this help prevent immigrants from dying?

Hernandez said that he would not comment on political issues. But he said that fences alone can’t stop people from crossing the border illegally.

Roger Antonio Paz Leiden, a 28-year-old man from Nicaragua, was arrested by border officials 10 days after crossing the desert in southern Arizona.

"The wall is to create time for agents to deal with illegal entry. It can’t stop anyone outside. "

Later that day, Hernandez heard someone calling on the radio. A helicopter of the Department of Homeland Security found two stowaways running south at Charlie Bell Pass while patrolling in the air.

After chasing for a short time on foot in the desert, the agents caught one of the immigrants.

The 28-year-old immigrant said that his name is Roger Antonio Paizleton and he is from Nicaragua. He walked in the desert for 10 days, trying to reach Gila Bend. He said that he saw at least 10 bodies along the way.

It’s almost one o’clock in the afternoon The sun is high above. Now the temperature is close to 111 degrees Fahrenheit. Ramirez and mujica have been looking for it for two and a half hours. Ramirez also began to feel unwell.

"I feel very anxious," she said. "I feel cold."

Signs of dehydration.

Now it’s four miles to get back to the truck. When they arrived, Ramirez was already limping. She has blisters on her feet. Her head hurts.

She climbed into the back seat and took off her hat and glasses.

After taking some painkillers and drinking more water, she began to feel much better.

She said: "I don’t know how they can persist in walking for seven or eight days. It is their dream to come to America. This is their motivation to move on. They want to enter the land full of opportunities. I walked for four or five hours, and I can’t walk any further. "

On the way back to Aqiao, Ramirez called his mother who was waiting for news in Sonoita.

Ramirez told her in Spanish: "We didn’t find anything."

Photo of the baby girl next to the body

The remains of the deceased counted by the medical examiner’s office.

A corpse was lying on a stretcher in the corpse collection office of Pima County Forensic Medicine Office, and death investigators Jean Hernandez and Travis hairston were counting the relics of the deceased.

Every time hairston says something, Hernandez will input it into the computer.

A green camouflage shirt. A Nike hoodie. Two pairs of socks. Blue underwear. Blue jeans. Black belt. A water bottle, still full. All kinds of packaged food. Three mobile phones and a charger.

Investigators didn’t find any identification. But the dead immigrant wore a white plastic ring with "Dany Karen" engraved on it. These personal belongings may help investigators identify the body.

In the morning, the border patrol found the body while chasing seven immigrants. The body was located under a tree in a desert area about 30 miles southwest of Tucson.

尸体被运到皮马县法医办公室，所有在亚利桑那州南部发现的移民尸体最后都在那里。

在亚利桑那州阿乔附近的管风琴仙人掌国家纪念公园，志愿者分散开来，寻找偷渡者的尸体。

赫斯后来说，当天运来的尸体被确认为来自危地马拉的31岁移民阿尔弗雷多·巴勃罗·戈麦斯。遗体被送往殡仪馆，送回危地马拉。

但其他遗骸就不那么容易辨认了。那些在6个月到1年还未被确定身份的尸体，最后被火化并安葬在图森公墓。

公墓里挤满了身份不明的移民。

埃尔南德斯说：“不管出于什么原因，边境越军事化，人们就越是要往沙漠深处走，这已经不是什么秘密了。”

突然，有人敲了埃尔南德斯的门。

海尔斯顿招呼了一声：“又有案子了。”

这一次，尸体位于银铃矿，这个地方在图森以西60英里，靠近托霍诺奥德姆保护区的边界。

在死者的裤子口袋里，海尔斯顿发现了一张6月6日从墨西哥城飞往埃莫西约的登机牌。

海尔斯顿还发现了一个十字架、一些墨西哥比索、五张20美元钞票、一张墨西哥驾照和一张墨西哥选民卡。选民卡上的名字是胡安·曼纽尔·桑多瓦尔。他现年46岁。

Finally, hairston took out seven small photos, probably of the deceased’s family. Four of the photos are children: a boy and three girls. Two are women: one is about his age, and the other is older, probably his mother. The last photo is bigger than the others.

The photo is of a baby girl wearing a pink sweater with long black hair. Black eyes looked straight at the camera.

She seems to be crying.

reunite

On July 17th, a group of stowaways found a body in the desert not far from where Martinez was last seen. These people carried their bodies for more than 10 miles back to Mexico, and then called mujica.

The male body was badly decomposed and unrecognizable. But mujica thinks that these remains may belong to Martinez, a missing immigrant, because there are several clues. White and neat teeth indicate that the body belongs to a young man. He has black hair; The brand of camouflage clothes and underwear he wears is the same as that Martinez wore before crossing the border.

A few days later, Selena Ramirez’s mother took a bus for six hours to identify the body, and she also provided her own DNA sample.

Two months later, the DNA test results gave the family an answer. That’s really Selena’s brother.

Original title: "Deep | In this desert in the United States, stowaways die and die constantly"

Read the original text

　　CCTV News:Knowing the characteristics of the H7N9 epidemic, we can see that the virus is not terrible as long as it is well prevented and controlled. This requires not only the national departments to do a good job in epidemic prevention, but also everyone’s self-protection. So what measures has the country taken now? How should everyone prevent and control it?

　　Multi-department joint prevention and control to strengthen the management of live poultry market

　　In response to this year’s H7N9 epidemic, the National Health and Family Planning Commission, together with agriculture, industry and commerce departments, launched a joint prevention and control mechanism under the unified deployment of the State Council. Provinces in the epidemic area, suspend or permanently close the live poultry market; Strengthen the management of the live poultry market that has not been shut down or closed, and strictly implement the system of cleaning once a day, disinfection once a week, closing the market on January and zero stock.

　　Changing consumption habits and promoting consumption of chilled poultry

　　In addition, all departments should strengthen market supervision, cross-regional transportation supervision of live poultry, implement the measures of "clean poultry and white poultry", and study and implement long-term measures such as completely stopping live poultry trading and promoting the transformation and upgrading of poultry industry. The National Health and Family Planning Commission will form a joint supervision team with agriculture, industry and commerce, food and drug supervision and other departments in the near future to supervise the prevention and control work in key provinces of the epidemic.

　　Avoid contact with live birds. Cook them thoroughly.

　　It is not complicated for ordinary people to protect against avian influenza. First of all, they should avoid contact with sick and dead birds in their daily lives, and try to avoid direct contact with live birds and birds. If they do, they must wash their hands as soon as possible. Secondly, buy fresh, live and frozen livestock and their products with quarantine certificates, and don’t buy live birds from mobile vendors. Wash your hands thoroughly after processing raw poultry meat and eggs, separate raw and cooked during processing, and cook thoroughly when cooking.

　　Protection for ordinary people: Patients with persistent high fever and asthma should seek medical advice in time.

　

　　Experts suggest that once a patient has a persistent high fever of 39 degrees or even 40 degrees, the symptoms are heavier, accompanied by shortness of breath, asthma, suffocation, acceleration, palpitation, and digestive tract symptoms, the family members must be sent to the hospital in time and inform whether they have a history of contact with live birds. In particular, people over 60 years old, children under 5 years old, pregnant women, obese people and those with basic diseases such as diabetes should pay special attention.

Recently, I read a car-following record of JAC V7. As a representative model of high-end and long-headed vehicles at present in China, JAC V7′ s configuration is very eye-catching. In addition to JAC V7, the high-end long-headed heavy trucks currently on the market include Liuqi T7 and Shaanxi Automobile. Their appearance makes me sigh the progress of domestic long-headed heavy trucks. However, these three models are not the first models in China to shout the slogan of "high-end long-term heavy trucks". As the third article in the series of "those truck models that impressed me deeply", today I will talk about this earliest "high-end long-headed heavy truck" in China-Jinggong Yuanhang heavy truck.

Jinggong Zhenjiang automobile manufacturing co., ltd(hereinafter referred to as Zhenjiang Jinggong)Founded in 2002, it was the transition period of domestic trucks from medium to heavy; Zhenjiang Jinggong entered the domestic truck market at a good time. What is rare is that Zhenjiang Jinggong is also very clear about how much he knows. He calls himself a "small and medium-sized enterprise" modestly, and the initial sales target is only 4 digits.

The final sales volume is indeed as predicted by Zhenjiang Jinggong, hovering at the level of 1000 vehicles; Soldiers who don’t want to be generals are not good soldiers, and enterprises that don’t want to be big are not good enterprises. On the other hand, Zhenjiang Jinggong has set itself the goal of entering the top ten domestic heavy trucks in 2009 and breaking through 10 billion in sales in 2015. The sales volume of just a thousand vehicles is definitely not enough to support such a grand goal. How to break through the situation is a difficult problem in front of Zhenjiang Jinggong.

In the years after the Millennium, in order to win in the future, mainstream truck manufacturers introduced new heavy truck models as follows in jiaozi. Violet, Wang and other models have strong strength, and once they are launched, they are widely praised by the market, and their word-of-mouth sales are double bumper. This makes Zhenjiang Jinggong envious and impatient. However, when Zhenjiang factory was put into production in 2006, both the personnel (a large number of management and technical personnel from Chunlan were hired) and the supporting system used the "Nanjing Chunlan" set, and it still took some time to build heavy trucks.

(Does it look familiar? )

The "Nanjing Chunlan" in 2006 is already a spent force, and it has been less than two years since it was sold to Xugong in 2008. An important reason why "Nanjing Chunlan" has come to such a state is that its products can’t keep up with the market demand, with medium and quasi-heavy trucks as the main products. Zhenjiang Jinggong relies on "Nanjing Chunlan" to cut into the market, which itself has fallen behind in the competition and is a bit behind in the big stream. These shortcomings and shortcomings, Zhenjiang Jinggong knew well from the beginning. With the help of "Nanjing Chunlan", a "child" can be born. How to raise a "child" with congenital deficiency is a headache.

After the analysis, Zhenjiang Jinggong decided on a "fantastic move", that is, the so-called "sword goes sideways". Specifically, it is to take the market segment as the breakthrough point, and this market segment must be blank. At that time, the flat-headed models on the market had been killed, but the competition for long-headed models was not so fierce; The old long-headed models of faw liberation and Dongfeng have gradually declined because of backward technology; On the market, there is only one "Liuqi" that has been improved by face lifting, and its positioning is still in the low-end market. There is no new high-end long-headed heavy truck with technical content in the domestic market, which is an out-and-out blank market. In this context, in 2005, the high-end long-headed heavy truck project of Jinggong voyage was established.

This project realizes the purpose of producing high-end long-headed heavy trucks by introducing long-headed models owned by American IWC (the United States is a paradise for long-headed heavy trucks, and it is indeed the best choice to introduce American long-headed models). Finally, the imported model is determined to be the 7000 series of IWC, which takes into account both medium and heavy trucks, and it is convenient to expand and improve in the later stage.

(American original)

The above is the background of the birth of Jinggong Long-term Heavy Truck. Zhenjiang Jinggong, as a start-up and small-scale car company at that time, really took pains to develop and grow, and its spirit of striving for change is really commendable.

Jinggong Yuanhang long-headed heavy truck was officially listed in 2009, and it took four years from project establishment to listing. ISM and P11C can be selected, with a power coverage of 340-420 horses, which is much higher than the horsepower of 260-280 horses of other domestic long-headed heavy trucks at that time. In addition, the cab of the 7000 series imported by the same generation, whether it is safety, comfort or aesthetics, must be a lot better than the domestic long-headed heavy trucks of the same period. The application of CAN bus technology greatly improves the reliability of vehicles. Zhenjiang Jinggong hopes to make Yuanhang long-headed heavy truck a reliable, fuel-saving, efficient and comfortable product, so as to get rid of the impression of domestic users at that time on the low quality and low price of long-headed vehicles, thus avoiding the price war.

The idea of Zhenjiang Jinggong is good, of course, the market is cruel, and it does not necessarily follow the wishes of manufacturers. The "high quality" of Jinggong Yuanhang long-headed heavy truck brings a high price, and the price of the models listed in advance is 360,000-400,000. You should know that this is the price in 2009. At this time, the price of flat-headed heavy trucks is generally below 250,000, while the price of long-headed heavy trucks with the main cost performance is as low as 150,000. The price of jinggong voyage long-headed heavy truck is indeed "high-end".

Such a high price has seriously restricted the market performance of jinggong yuanhang long-headed heavy trucks; In addition, Zhenjiang Jinggong itself has not accumulated much technology and production experience, which leads to the high cost of the vehicle itself, which limits the room for profit in the follow-up marketing (no publicity, no dealers). At that time, the long-headed models still adopted the same length regulations as the flat-headed models, which also limited the development of long-headed models.

The blank market of "high-end long-term heavy trucks" that Zhenjiang Jinggong saw was not fully developed at that time, or there was not much room for development at all. As mentioned above, Zhenjiang Jinggong compared its vigorous development of high-end long-headed heavy trucks to "adventure" and "sword going sideways", which itself contains gambling elements. The success of building a car will eventually return to the basic points of product quality and technical strength.

(The predecessors never die, just change the "living method")

The final sales volume of the long-haul heavy trucks with excellent skills and long voyage is bleak. All this has been doomed from the beginning. It is too idealistic to just want to win a chance through "surprising tricks" without technology and strength, but it seems that some enterprises have not understood this truth yet.

　　Equipment renewal and trade-in of consumer goods can increase advanced production capacity, improve production efficiency, promote energy saving and carbon reduction, eliminate potential safety hazards, and play an important role in promoting high-end, intelligent and green development of the industry, which is beneficial to both enterprises and people’s livelihood, and is beneficial to both the present and the long-term, stable growth and transformation.

　　On April 28th, the municipal government officially issued the Action Plan for Beijing to Actively Promote Equipment Renewal and Trade-in of Consumer Goods (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan), which made overall arrangements for Beijing to carry out equipment renewal and trade-in of consumer goods.

　　The Municipal Development and Reform Commission, together with the Municipal Bureau of Commerce, the Municipal Urban Management Committee, the Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology, the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau and the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, held a policy interpretation meeting to comprehensively introduce the main contents of the Action Plan and answer questions from reporters.

　　What are the considerations in the formulation of the Action Plan? What are the main contents?

　　There is a large amount of space for renewal and replacement.

　　Machinery and equipment are the backbone of Beijing’s infrastructure, public services and industrial system, and durable consumer goods are directly related to the quality of life of citizens. After more than 40 years of development since the reform and opening up, Beijing has accumulated a wealth of machinery and equipment, which entered the peak period of upgrading existing assets earlier than the whole country.

　　At the same time, as a super-large city, Beijing has a large number of durable consumer goods. It is estimated that by 2023, there will be more than 50 million household appliances such as televisions, air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines and computers. There are about 7.6 million motor vehicles in the city, more than 1,200 subway trains, 8 lines that have been in operation for more than 15 years, and a large number of equipment in various urban public facilities and enterprise production facilities, which contains great demand for upgrading.

　　Driven by scientific and technological innovation, the demand for transformation and development and consumption upgrading will be further enhanced. Actively promoting the renewal of equipment and trade-in of consumer goods in Beijing is an important measure to thoroughly implement the relevant decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adapt to the development requirements of the capital in the new era, and meet the growing needs of citizens for a better life.

　　Focus on "Five Points" to Reflect Safety, Green, Intelligence and Quality

　　The Action Plan highlights the basic principles of standard traction, classification promotion, precision and science, and universal access, fully embodies the basic orientation of safety, green, intelligence and quality, and mainly focuses on the following five points:

　　1. Give priority to further improving the level of public services.

　　In view of the operation of urban infrastructure, public safety and public service guarantee, as well as the weak links in the field of people’s livelihood, we will speed up the pace of upgrading facilities and equipment in related fields and improve the level of public services.

　　2. Highlight pollution reduction and carbon reduction to promote green development

　　Combined with the characteristics of pollutants and carbon emissions in Beijing, we will focus on key areas, speed up the upgrading of equipment and the upgrading of factories and stations, help to continuously improve the quality of the ecological environment and promote the green development of the industry.

　　3. Pay attention to the improvement of citizens’ quality of life

　　Promote residents’ willingness to renew durable consumer goods with old ones. Support the renewal of education and medical facilities and equipment.

　　4. Insist on upgrading equipment and products by upgrading standards.

　　Encourage innovation in products and services, business models and financial support.

　　5. Improve the recycling network of waste products and equipment.

　　Support the circulation of second-hand goods, promote the high-level recycling of resources, and improve the whole chain of trade-in for new ones.

　　Policy in different fields

　　Safeguard measures involving five major areas and three aspects

　　The Action Plan includes six aspects and 23 specific measures in terms of content, and five major areas in terms of subdivision, and puts forward three safeguard measures:

　　1. Infrastructure field

　　We will implement equipment renovation in the fields of rail transit, water, electricity and heat in batches, accelerate the promotion of all kinds of equipment and software with high safety and intelligence, and further improve the safety and intelligence of infrastructure and the level of green and low carbon.

　　For example, the Municipal Heating Group plans to implement the third-phase renovation project of the old heating pipe network and facilities in Anhuili Community, Chaoyang District. It plans to renovate the primary heating pipeline of about 380 meters, the secondary heating pipeline of about 19,000 meters, the indoor public pipeline of 35,000 meters, and 12 heating stations, and simultaneously install intelligent equipment such as Internet of Things collection terminals and room temperature collectors. It is estimated that after the implementation, the water leakage will be reduced by 17,000 tons per heating season, the energy will be saved by about 2,400 tons of standard coal, and the carbon emissions will be reduced by about 4,200 tons

　　2. Public safety and public services

　　In accordance with the relevant standards of "multi-pole integration and multi-sense integration", the integration and upgrading of roadside poles, sensing equipment, signal lights and street lamps will be promoted as a whole. Promote the renewal of old residential elevators and the installation of elevators in existing houses. Promote universities and vocational colleges to update and replace advanced teaching and scientific research equipment, and promote the iterative upgrading of equipment and information facilities in medical and health institutions and the upgrading of wards.

　　3. The field of industrial development

　　Support manufacturing enterprises to implement digital green transformation, and encourage green and low-carbon transformation and transformation of data centers into green and low-carbon intelligent computing centers. Promote the upgrading of ropeways, cable cars and large amusement equipment. Orderly implement the renewal of power generation, transmission and distribution equipment such as old wind power and photovoltaic power generation, promote the renewal of old agricultural machinery, and help reduce pollution and carbon.

　　For example, the Municipal Development and Reform Commission has just issued the "Implementation Plan on Further Strengthening Loan Interest Subsidies for Equipment Purchase and Renovation in Key Areas", which provides preferential interest rates and loan interest subsidies for equipment purchase and renovation projects in 42 sub-sectors in 9 major areas, including strategic emerging industries, cultural tourism and municipal infrastructure. Take Shijingshan Amusement Park equipment updating project as an example. The project plans to update and upgrade large-scale amusement equipment such as roller coasters that have reached the service life. After it is put into use, the safety level and tourist experience can be significantly improved. It is expected that the project will receive discount subsidies from the municipal government for fixed assets investment, which can alleviate the investment pressure of enterprises to a certain extent.

　　4. Trade-in of consumer goods

　　Carry out the trade-in of green smart home appliances. Support platform enterprises to innovate automobile trade-in business model and improve service experience. Encourage residents to renovate their old houses, kitchen and bathroom, local renovation of doors and windows, etc.

　　5. The field of recycling

　　Improve the recycling network of waste products and equipment, promote the circulation and trading of second-hand goods, promote the recycling and resource utilization of waste materials, and support the construction of a number of green sorting centers for renewable resources.

　　For example, Huairou District is promoting the construction of a green sorting center for renewable resources, with an annual capacity of 200,000 tons for recycling and sorting waste glass, waste plastics, waste household appliances, waste textiles, waste foam and waste metal. The Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission is working with the Municipal Urban Management Committee and other relevant departments to study the support policies for such projects in combination with the Action Plan.

　　safeguard measure

　　This paper puts forward three safeguard measures: strengthening standard traction, strengthening innovation support, perfecting and implementing tax and financial policies.

　　news briefing

　　Xinhua News Agency: What specific support policies does Beijing have for equipment renewal?

　　What comes next is what remains: the equipment renewal work adheres to the principle of voluntary participation of enterprises, mainly giving full play to the main role of enterprises, and at the same time giving full play to the role of the government, implementing various central support policies, making overall use of government funds at all levels, increasing fiscal, taxation, finance, investment and other policy support, strengthening the organic connection of various support policies, and jointly providing more accurate and powerful financial support for enterprise equipment renewal. In the process of drafting the Action Plan, we also carried out research on relevant support policies, and at present, we have issued some support policies for equipment renewal. For example, the "Implementation Plan on Further Strengthening Loan Discount for Equipment Purchase and Renovation in Key Areas" issued by our Committee is well connected with the "Action Plan", and the municipal government’s fixed assets investment is arranged to give a discount of 2.5 percentage points to qualified equipment renovation and renovation projects in key areas for a period of two years. The equipment renovation project in Shijingshan Amusement Park mentioned just now enjoys this policy. For another example, on April 27, Zhongguancun Forum released "Several Measures on Accelerating the Development of General Artificial Intelligence Industry", proposing a green and low-carbon intelligent computing center with an intelligent computing power scale of more than 1,000 p, and the municipal government’s fixed assets investment will be supported by up to 50 million yuan.

　　What is released today is a general plan for equipment renewal. In the next step, relevant professional departments will study and formulate special support policies according to different characteristics in various fields.

　　Equipment renewal and trade-in of consumer goods is a long-term work, involving many industrial fields. As an overall plan, the relevant departments will speed up the introduction of special implementation plans in various fields, and all districts will also improve relevant working mechanisms and actively promote implementation. In the next step, the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission will establish a special working mechanism with relevant departments, carry out the evaluation of implementation effect in a timely manner, continuously optimize and improve relevant policies and measures, and solidly promote the implementation of the Action Plan.

　　Cctv news(Reporter Xiong Yunyun) Shuttle through the "First Street of Jiangxi Culture" — — Nanchang Wanshou Palace historical and cultural block, with stone streets criss-crossing, brick by brick, one scene at a time, blue-gray and Jiangxi-style residential antique buildings row upon row, and the small shops in the winding lanes are full of strong humanistic and commercial atmosphere, and a picture of "Old Nanchang" that has passed through the Millennium is slowly unfolding here.

　　Wanshou Palace historical and cultural block is located in the core business district of Nanchang Old Town. At the beginning of the 20th century, Wanshou Palace was the Wangpu block in Nanchang, where porcelain, grass cloth, silk, spices and seafood came in and out, promoting it to become a bustling downtown integrating business culture, Taoist culture and street culture.

　　During the Spring Festival, dragon and lion dances, Spring Festival market, blessing performances, food and new year market and other activities were staged in the historical and cultural block of Wanshou Palace, and the streets were decorated with lights and jubilant, where traditional culture and fashion consumption collided with new sparks.

　　It is understood that from the New Year’s Eve to the fourth day, the total passenger flow in the historical and cultural block of Wanshou Palace in five days exceeded 500,000, an increase of 50% over the same period last year. The strong recovery of the consumer market during the Spring Festival not only makes the "taste of the year" gradually spread, but also makes the power of economic recovery stronger and stronger.

　　At the beginning of the new year, Jiangxi Branch of CCB strives for perfection in the construction of various scenes such as "food, housing, transportation, entertainment, car, shopping, and life service", undertakes the issuance of consumer vouchers by many local governments in Jiangxi Province, gathers strength to "revitalize the city by festivals", and relies on the major business districts in the province such as the historical and cultural block of Wanshou Palace to focus on the two cores of "supply side+consumption side" to drive holiday consumption. The activities focused on sectors such as "Aishang buys Anyi in winter", "Happy Life in Tesco Bay" and "Celebrating the Spring Festival and Buying Qingshan Lake". Relying on the cultural and tourism consumption gathering area, the consumption scenes such as "night shopping", "night entertainment", "night tour" and "night health" were upgraded, further enriching the convenience consumption format, and expanding and upgrading the whole field to stimulate new consumption momentum. In January 2023 alone, Jiangxi Branch of CCB received a total of 100 million yuan of government coupons, which activated the "two-end vitality" of the supply side and the demand side, and promoted the consumption to pick up and run out of acceleration.

The issues of VAT collection and management, such as input tax deduction for domestic passenger transport services, are hereby announced as follows:

I. Input tax deduction for domestic passenger transport services

(1) The "domestic passenger transport service" as mentioned in Article 6 of the Announcement of the General Administration of Customs of the Ministry of Finance on Deepening the Reform of Value-added Tax (Announcement No.39 of the General Administration of Customs of the Ministry of Finance, 2019) is limited to employees who have signed labor contracts with their own units, and domestic passenger transport services that occur to employees who are dispatched by labor services accepted by their own units as employers.

(2) If a taxpayer purchases domestic passenger transport services with the tax amount indicated on the obtained VAT electronic ordinary invoice as the input tax amount, the buyer’s name, taxpayer identification number and other information indicated on the VAT electronic ordinary invoice shall be consistent with the taxpayer who actually deducts the tax, otherwise it will not be deducted.

(3) The input tax amount of domestic passenger transport services that taxpayers are allowed to deduct refers to the value-added tax amount actually incurred by taxpayers on or after April 1, 2019, and indicated in or calculated on the basis of legal and valid value-added tax deduction certificates. If the VAT special invoice or VAT electronic ordinary invoice is used as the VAT deduction voucher, it shall be the VAT special invoice or VAT electronic ordinary invoice issued on or after April 1, 2019.

Second, about the addition and deduction

(1) Announcement of the General Administration of Customs of the Ministry of Finance on Deepening the Reform of Value-added Tax (Announcement No.39 of the General Administration of Customs of the Ministry of Finance, 2019) Article 7 applies the so-called "sales" to the policy of adding and deducting, including sales declared by tax, sales checked and supplemented by tax, and sales adjusted by tax assessment. Among them, the sales amount of tax declaration includes the sales amount of general tax method, the sales amount of simple tax method, the sales amount of tax exemption, the sales amount of invoice issued by the tax authorities, and the export sales amount of exemption, credit and refund, that is, the sales amount of the project that is refunded immediately after collection.

Check, make up sales and tax assessment adjust sales, which are included in the check, make up or assess and adjust the current sales, and determine that the policy of adding and deducting is applicable; If the policy of collecting the difference in value-added tax is applicable, the policy of adding and deducting shall be determined based on the sales after the difference.

(2) For taxpayers established before March 31, 2019, and whose sales from April 2018 to March 2019 were all zero, the policy of adding and deducting shall be determined based on the sales for three consecutive months from the month when the sales were first generated.

Taxpayers established after April 1, 2019, and whose sales for three months from the date of establishment are zero, will be determined to apply the add-and-subtract policy based on the sales for three consecutive months from the month when sales are first generated.

(3) With the approval of the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China or its authorized financial and tax authorities, the head office and its branches that implement consolidated payment of value-added tax shall determine that the head office and its branches shall apply the policy of adding and deducting based on the total sales of the head office and its branches at the same level.

Three, about some advanced manufacturing value-added tax refund at the end of the period.

Since June 1, 2019, taxpayers who meet the requirements of the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Defining the Tax Refund Policies for Some Advanced Manufacturing Industries at the End of VAT (Announcement No.84 of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation in 2019) should apply for the refund of incremental tax credits, and should handle the relevant tax refund business in accordance with the Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Handling Tax Refund for Tax Credits at the End of VAT (State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.20 of 2019). The Application Form for Tax Refund (Refund) (State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.20 of 2019) was revised and re-released (Annex 1).

Four, the application of tax exemption policy for small-scale taxpayers whose operating period is less than one tax period.

Since January 1, 2019, small-scale VAT taxpayers with a tax payment period of one quarter are exempted from VAT if the actual operating period of the current period is less than one quarter due to the establishment or cancellation in the middle of the quarter, and the current sales amount does not exceed 300,000 yuan. Item (3) of Article 6 of the Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Comprehensively Pushing Forward the Pilot Project of Changing Business Tax to Value-added Tax (State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.23 in 2016 and State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.31 in 2018) shall be abolished at the same time.

V. Small-scale taxpayers in the cargo transportation industry apply for issuing special VAT invoices on their behalf.

Value-added tax taxpayers who apply for issuing special VAT invoices on behalf of small-scale taxpayers in the cargo transportation industry (State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.55 of 2017, revised and issued by State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.31 of 2018) and small-scale cargo transportation enterprises with Internet logistics platform stipulated in Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Launching Pilot Work of Issuing Special VAT Invoices on behalf of Internet Logistics Platform Enterprises (Tax General Letter [2017] No.579) issue special VAT invoices on their behalf and handle related tax-related matters.

Providing road freight transport services (except those engaged in ordinary road freight transport business with ordinary freight vehicles of 4.5 tons or less), and obtaining the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Road Transport Business License and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Road Transport Certificate; To provide inland river cargo transport services, it has obtained the Domestic Waterway Transport Business License and the Ship Transport Business License.

Six, on the transport space contracting and space exchange business applicable tax items.

(1) In the transportation space contracting business, the contracting party shall take the total price and extra-price fees charged by it to the contractor as sales, and pay value-added tax according to "transportation services". The contractor shall take the total price and other expenses charged by it from the shipper as the sales amount and pay the value-added tax according to the "transportation service".

Transport space contracting business means that the contractor signs a transport service contract with the shipper as a carrier, collects the freight and assumes the responsibility of the carrier, and then entrusts the employer to actually complete the relevant transport services by contracting other people’s transport space.

(2) In the business of exchanging transport spaces, both parties who exchange transport spaces take the total price and extra-price expenses confirmed by their respective exchange of transport spaces as sales, and pay value-added tax according to "transportation services".

Transport space interchange business refers to the business activities in which taxpayers sign a transport agreement and use each other’s transport space to complete related transport services in their respective transport business as carriers.

Seven, about the construction service subcontract difference deduction.

Subcontract payments allowed to be deducted from the total price and out-of-pocket expenses obtained by taxpayers for providing construction services refer to the total price and out-of-pocket expenses paid to subcontractors.

Eight, on the cancellation of construction services simple tax items for the record.

If the general taxpayer providing construction services applies or chooses to apply the simple tax calculation method according to the regulations, the filing system will no longer be implemented. The following certification materials do not need to be submitted to the tax authorities, but are kept for future reference:

(a) to provide construction services for old construction projects, and to retain the building construction permits or the construction project contract;

(two) the construction services provided for the project provided by Party A and the construction services provided by the contractor shall be retained in the construction project contract.

Nine, on the reclamation of real estate projects for simple taxation.

Real estate projects that ordinary taxpayers in real estate development enterprises have acquired land by reclamation and developed, and the commencement date of reclamation indicated in the reclamation project "building construction permits" or the construction project contract is before April 30, 2016, which belongs to old real estate projects. You can choose to apply the simple taxation method to calculate and pay VAT at the rate of 5%.

X. Determination of the purchase price of restricted shares

(1) When a taxpayer transfers the restricted shares formed by the initial public offering and listing due to the simultaneous implementation of the share-trading reform and major asset restructuring, as well as the stock transfer and conversion arising from the above-mentioned shares from the first day of listing to the lifting of the ban, the opening price of the listed company’s shares on the first day of listing is taken as the purchase price, and the value-added tax is paid according to the "transfer of financial commodities".

(II) If a listed company suspends trading for many times due to the implementation of major asset restructuring, the "stock suspension" as mentioned in Item (3) of Article 5 of the Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Several Issues Concerning the Collection and Management of the Pilot Project of the Reform of Business Tax (State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.53 in 2016 and State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.31 in 2018) refers to the last suspension before the China Securities Regulatory Commission makes a decision on approving the application for major asset restructuring of listed companies.

Eleven, about the insurance service input tax deduction.

(1) If a taxpayer providing insurance services assumes the motor vehicle insurance liability by paying in kind, the input tax amount of the vehicle repair services purchased by itself from the vehicle repair service provider can be deducted from the output tax amount of the insurance company according to the regulations.

(2) If the taxpayer providing insurance services assumes the motor vehicle insurance liability by cash payment, the compensation payable to the insured shall be paid directly to the vehicle repair service provider, which does not belong to the vehicle repair service purchased by the insurance company, and the input tax shall not be deducted from the output tax of the insurance company.

(3) Other property insurance services provided by taxpayers shall be governed by the above provisions.

Twelve, about the application of catering service tax items

Taxpayers make food on the spot and sell it directly to consumers, and pay VAT according to "catering service".

XIII. On Issuing the Invoice of the Original Applicable Tax Rate

(1) Since September 20, 2019, if taxpayers need to issue blue-ink invoices with tax rates of 17%, 16%, 11% and 10% through the VAT invoice management system, they should submit the Letter of Commitment for Issuing Invoices with Original Applicable Tax Rates (Annex 2) to the competent tax authorities for temporary invoicing authority. The validity period of the temporary invoicing authority is 24 hours, and the taxpayer shall issue an invoice with the original applicable tax rate within the prescribed time limit for obtaining the temporary invoicing authority.

(two) the taxpayer shall keep the transaction contract, the red-ink invoice, the receipt of the payment certificate and other related materials for inspection.

(3) If the taxpayer fails to issue the invoice of the original applicable tax rate as required, the competent tax authorities shall handle it in accordance with the existing relevant regulations.

Fourteen, about the implementation time of this announcement.

Articles 1 and 2 of this announcement shall come into force as of the date of promulgation, and Articles 5 to 12 of this announcement shall come into force as of October 1, 2019. Matters that have not been dealt with before shall be implemented in accordance with this announcement, and matters that have been dealt with shall not be adjusted. Measures for the Administration of Small-scale Taxpayers in the Freight Transport Industry Applying for Special VAT Invoices (State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.55, 2017), State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.31 of 2018 was revised and released) Item (2) of Article 2, Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Launching the Pilot Work of Issuing Special VAT Invoices on behalf of Internet Logistics Platform Enterprises (Tax General Letter [2017] No.579) Item (2) of Article 1, Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Simplifying the Filing of Simple Taxation Method for Construction Services (State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.43 of 2017, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China)

It is hereby announced.

Attachment: 1. Tax Refund (Credit) Application Form

　 　 　 2. Letter of Commitment for Issuing the Invoice of the Original Applicable Tax Rate

State Administration of Taxation (SAT)

September 16, 2019

The State Council joint prevention and control mechanism held a press conference on January 19th to introduce the situation of epidemic prevention and control during the Spring Festival. Let’s look at it together-

At present, the "Deltarjon" mutant has not been detected in China.

Recently, the "Deltarchon" strain was detected in Thailand, which is a recombinant of Omicron mutant BA.4, BA.5 and Delta mutant AY.45, and was named XAY.2 in international classification. The strain was first discovered in South Africa on August 31, 2022, and is currently monitored in 9 countries and regions around the world. Since December 2022, a few countries, mainly Denmark, have shown an upward trend. At present, there are not enough data on the spread, pathogenicity and immune escape ability of the virus.

At present, the mutant of XAY.2 has not been detected in China. We will continue to follow the international trends, further strengthen the monitoring of imported cases and local cases in Covid-19, and carry out analysis and judgment in time.

The provinces have passed the peak of fever clinic, emergency and severe patients.

Generally speaking, the medical treatment of infected people in Covid-19 is smooth and orderly, and the daily diagnosis and treatment services are gradually recovering.

The provinces have passed three peaks, namely, the peak of fever clinic, the peak of emergency treatment and the peak of severe patients. The number of fever outpatients in China reached its peak on December 23rd, 2022, and then continued to decline. By January 17th, it was 94% lower than the peak, and it had dropped to the level before December 7th. The number of emergency patients in China reached a peak on January 2, 2023, and then continued to decline, with a decrease of 44% on January 17. The number of severe positive patients in hospitals in China reached its peak on January 5, and then continued to decline, with a decrease of 44.3% on January 17.

Actively promote the full coverage of all village clinics in rural areas with oxygen meters and oxygen generators.

In view of the outstanding shortage of oxygen meters and oxygen generators in rural areas, many departments actively promote the realization of "two full coverage". The first is the full coverage of oxygen meters in all village clinics in rural areas, and the second is the full coverage of oxygen generators in all township hospitals in rural areas. Recently, nearly 600,000 village clinics in China have been equipped with more than 1.17 million oxygen meters and oxygen generators for free. The first batch of oxygen generators for 832 poverty-stricken county township hospitals has reached 77%, and the second batch of oxygen generators for other township hospitals has been delivered one after another since January 17.

As of January 19th, grass-roots medical and health institutions across the country were equipped with 2.478 million oxygen meters, and grass-roots medical and health institutions across the country, including community health service centers and township hospitals, were equipped with 191,000 oxygen generators.

Every township health center is equipped with at least one ambulance.

In terms of referral preparation, all localities have expanded 120 transport capacity and telephone landline, and each township health center is equipped with at least one ambulance. At the same time, social organizations, units and individuals are also used to set up non-emergency transport teams by strengthening organizational guidance to ensure the transport needs of patients. Medical institutions at all levels have established a green channel for referral to ensure that patients can be transferred to higher-level medical institutions for timely treatment.

At present, it has entered the peak of passenger flow before the Spring Festival

January 19th is the 13th day in Spring Festival travel rush, and it has entered the peak of passenger flow before the Spring Festival. On the whole, the national railways, highways, waterways and civil aviation are running smoothly, with adequate capacity allocation, orderly services and strong emergency support, and the national security situation is generally stable. Coal, grain, medical supplies and other key materials are transported smoothly.

According to the data of the the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism Spring Festival travel rush Work Class, as of January 18th, the national railways, highways, waterways and civil aviation have sent 480 million passengers, a decrease of 47.3% compared with the same period in 2019 and an increase of 47.1% compared with the same period in 2022.

Open a special area to provide services for drivers and passengers infected with Covid-19 or unwell.

Open a special area in the qualified expressway service area to provide services for drivers and passengers who are infected with Covid-19 or feel unwell. At the same time, strengthen the docking and coordination with neighboring medical institutions, improve the emergency plan, and arrange for drivers and passengers with urgent needs to get medical assistance in time. Here, I appeal to the majority of drivers and friends to do a good job in travel planning and health monitoring before traveling, try to travel at the wrong peak, go to crowded places as little as possible, and don’t travel with illness.

It is suggested that the elderly should try not to participate in large-scale family gathering activities.

For the elderly, especially those with basic diseases, people who have not been infected or vaccinated, we should focus on strengthening protection. First, in the early days of returning home, that is, just after returning home, returnees should wear masks and pay attention to some cough etiquette when they are in contact with middle-aged and elderly people at home. The second is to strengthen health monitoring. While paying attention to their own health monitoring, they should pay close attention to the physical condition of the elderly. If there are symptoms related to COVID-19 infection or positive antigen and nucleic acid test, they should seek medical treatment in time. Third, when eating at home, it is recommended to use public chopsticks and spoons. Fourth, it is suggested that the elderly should try not to participate in large-scale family gathering activities. If the number of people is reduced and the dinner time is shortened, the dining distance should be kept reasonably and the protection should be made. Fifth, it is necessary to minimize trips to crowded places and avoid long-distance travel. If you need to go out, you should wear a mask scientifically and regularly. When wearing a mask, you should pay attention to the tightness of the mask, cover your mouth and nose and fit your face. In addition, you should wear a mask of medical surgery or above when you go to crowded places and places with high risk of infection. In addition, you should change the mask in time and pay attention to hand hygiene and cough etiquette.

CCTV News:According to the latest influenza surveillance released by China CDC, since January, the positive rate of influenza virus detection in southern and northern provinces of China has been declining, but the number of respiratory diseases in various places has remained at a high level, and cough patients account for a relatively high proportion of the patients. Some hospitals have also set up cough clinics for this purpose.

According to the doctor, cough is actually a protective reflex of the human body and a natural reaction of the body to remove foreign bodies and secretions from the respiratory tract. In the interview, the reporter found that many patients, especially children, have recovered from respiratory diseases, but their cough is still not good. Most of them are irritating dry cough or cough accompanied by a small amount of white mucus, and there is nothing abnormal after chest X-ray examination. Many parents feel very anxious because of the chronic cough. The doctor suggested that we should first judge whether the cough is acute or chronic. If it is chronic, it is recommended to confirm whether there is a potential disease.

Shen Kunling, Chief Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University:That is, more than 4 weeks, we call it chronic cough, but within 4 weeks, it is called acute cough, so some children, for example, are basically cured in 2, 3 and 4 weeks, and this is no problem. However, some patients will cough for more than 4 weeks. There are several reasons to consider. The first one is that the original A stream may be particularly heavy, or there is B stream after A stream, or mycoplasma after A stream, or bacterial infection after A stream. This mixed infection will cause serious damage to that epithelium, so he will continue to cough; Another situation depends on whether the child has a basic problem. The most common basic problem is that the child has allergies.

[Expert Tips] Avoid blindly relieving cough and abusing antibiotics.

The doctor said that cough after respiratory tract infection is very common. If it lasts within 4 weeks and there is no aggravation, there is no need to go to the hospital repeatedly. In the home care of post-infection cough, the most common misunderstanding is blind cough suppression and abuse of antibiotics. Abuse of cough inhibitors may inhibit the natural cleaning process of respiratory tract and prolong the course of disease.

Shen Kunling, Chief Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University:Children still do not advocate the use of central antitussive drugs. First, cough has its own protective effect on the body. After another reason is removed, in fact, many coughs will be relieved. Many parents were very anxious, and then they started taking drugs when they coughed. They used drugs indiscriminately and asked him what drugs he used. He said that I used antibiotics, and he didn’t know what antibiotics you asked. These antibiotics are left over from the last illness, so I’ll give them to him now. In fact, this is not standardized. First of all, it is abused, then it is useless when it should be used, and there is not enough course of treatment when it should be used. These will cause the child’s condition to persist.

Experts remind that antibiotics are only effective for bacterial infections, and the functional development of children’s organs is still not perfect. Improper medication may cause some adverse reactions, causing organ damage and so on. Children are not a miniature version of adults, and it is not advisable to abuse drugs or use drugs at will. We must consider the safety and effectiveness of drug use and standardize drug use under the guidance of doctors or pharmacists.

[Expert tip] Correct atomization treatment can relieve chronic cough.

No matter what causes the recovery of chronic cough, it needs a process, during which children cough frequently and even affect eating and sleeping. At this time, doctors will suggest using atomization to relieve symptoms. So what problems should we pay attention to when doing atomization?

Although atomization therapy is very common in clinic, in the interview, we learned that there are still many parents who think that once atomization therapy is used, the child’s condition is more serious. In fact, atomization inhalation is a means to help the mucosal barrier recover. By inhaling aerosol containing drugs, it directly acts on the lesion, reducing mucosal inflammation, reducing sputum and helping the mucosal recovery. When the mucosal recovery is good, the cough will naturally be alleviated. At present, atomization treatment is mainly aimed at post-infection cough, infant wheezing, cough variant asthma and so on.

Shen Kunling, Chief Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University:Generally speaking, we should master the principle of five R’s in drug use, that is, five correct patients, the right drugs, the right way of use, the right course of treatment, the right devices and so on. The effect of atomization in crying state is worse than that in quiet state, so it is best to let children be quiet, such as watching cartoons, and inhale normally in quiet state. In addition, we should pay attention to the course of treatment and have enough courses of treatment.

　　Beijing nucleic acid detection "long queue" citizens: once ate near the restaurant with confirmed cases.

　　Sino-Singapore Jingwei client June 19 (Zhang Yanzheng) "Keep your distance, one meter apart, and please line up at the back for those who do nucleic acid testing." Three uniformed security guards said to the person who just came to test. On the morning of June 18th, the reporter of Zhongxin Jingwei noticed that there were two long queues at the entrance of a physical examination center in Chaoyang District, Beijing, even at the entrance of the corner cafe, with about 30 people in each queue. In addition, a guidepost of "nucleic acid detection" was placed at the intersection of the physical examination center.

　　With the escalation of epidemic prevention and control in Beijing, many citizens made an appointment for nucleic acid testing as required. Recently, Zhongxin Jingwei reporter interviewed several citizens who made an appointment for nucleic acid testing and listened to their reasons and experiences of doing nucleic acid testing.

　　"Leaving Beijing requires a negative nucleic acid certificate within 7 days"

　　Mr. Li Internet Industry, Chaoyang District, Beijing

　　At 9: 00 am on June 18th, when Mr. Li came to the entrance of a physical examination center in Chaoyang District, Beijing, there was already a long queue of nearly 50 people in front. He couldn’t help but sigh that "I didn’t expect so many people to do nucleic acid testing" and picked up his mobile phone and took a live photo.

　　Mr. Li said that due to the nature of his work, he needs to travel frequently. According to the work plan, he should fly from Beijing to Shenzhen on the evening of June 18 to participate in the following week’s project activities. However, the day before departure, I checked the news and found that I need to hold a negative nucleic acid certificate within 7 days to leave Beijing.

　　It is understood that Beijing announced on the evening of June 16 that the emergency response level of public health emergencies was adjusted from level 3 to level 2. Subsequently, Chen Bei, Deputy Secretary-General of Beijing Municipal Government, said at the press conference that under the second-level response, the relevant personnel in the middle and high-risk street towns and Xinfadi markets were forbidden to leave Beijing, while other personnel insisted on "not leaving Beijing unless necessary", and those who really needed to leave Beijing must hold a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 7 days.

　　Photo courtesy of public respondents who made an appointment to queue up for nucleic acid testing.

　　"After seeing the news, I quickly reported to my boss, and the date of meeting with the customer was postponed for five days. Then, I made an appointment for a nucleic acid test by phone to test a 260 yuan. " Mr. Li smiled. "Fortunately, I don’t live in a high-risk area, otherwise I wouldn’t be able to leave Beijing at all." He said that the plane ticket has been unsubscribed, and the human resources department of the company will be notified to re-book the plane ticket after the nucleic acid test results come out.

　　However, what worries Mr. Li is that the results of this nucleic acid test may come out slowly. "The nurse in the physical examination center said that there are a lot of people who have done nucleic acid testing recently, and the specific time of the results cannot be guaranteed. It may take two or three days, or it may take four days. You don’t need to come to the physical examination center to get the report. You can query the nucleic acid test results through the the State Council client applet."

　　"Passing through high-risk epidemic areas"

　　Ms. Wang, an employee of a state-owned enterprise in Dongcheng District, Beijing

　　At the entrance of the physical examination center, Ms. Wang ranked in the front position and was one of the first people to finish the nucleic acid test. Ms. Wang introduced that she had been waiting in line at the entrance of the medical examination since 6 am. "I was passing by the Xinfadi market, so the doctor asked me in detail, but the whole testing process was very fast. The doctor took a special cotton swab and dipped it into his mouth to take some secretion-like things, and the sampling was only a few minutes."

　　Appointment personnel fill in the "Personal Commitment Letter" in the new Jingwei Zhang Yanzheng photo.

　　Compared with completing throat swab sampling in a few minutes, Ms. Li said that the process of making an appointment for nucleic acid testing was "too difficult".

　　From the WeChat notice displayed by Ms. Li, the reporter of Zhongxin Jingwei saw that this message, which was sent on June 16, said, "In order to meet the requirements of epidemic prevention work in Beijing, we are now comprehensively screening related personnel such as Xinfadi, Yuquan East Vegetable Market and Guangwai Tiantao Honglian Vegetable Market. If you have been to the above vegetable markets from May 31 to June 15, please cooperate with the registration or reply to the information."

　　Ms. Li introduced that at the beginning of June, she passed by the vegetable wholesale market in Xinfadi by bus. For safety reasons, she reported this situation to the unit, and then she was suspended from work by the unit and asked her to go to the hospital for nucleic acid testing as soon as possible. "On June 16th, I called several hospitals that day to make an appointment for nucleic acid testing, but the designated hospitals in Beijing were already full that day and needed to wait for four or five days, while the Ciming Health Physical Examination Center only received group nucleic acid testing. Finally, I found this physical examination center for personal testing, but it was also three days later."

　　"I used to eat near the restaurant where the case was diagnosed."

　　Mr. Chang’s Media Industry in Fengtai District, Beijing

　　Mr. Chang, who lives in Fengtai District, Beijing, is considering doing nucleic acid testing in the near future. Mr. Chang introduced that he had eaten in a restaurant in Fengtai before, and next door to this restaurant was the Sichuan restaurant where five waiters had been diagnosed.

　　It is understood that on June 14th, Beijing announced a confirmed case of a restaurant employee. The waitress worked in the Li Ji Sichuan Shoujingmao Store near Huaxiang Shoujingmao in Fengtai. It is reported that the waiter and the chef went to Xinfadi market to buy plates on June 4. On the evening of June 16th, Beijing CDC released a message again, saying that among the newly diagnosed people that day, four newly diagnosed people were close contacts of the confirmed female patients announced two days ago. In other words, all five employees of this Sichuan restaurant in Fengtai, Beijing were diagnosed.

　　Mr. Chang said that on June 4th, the waiter of Sichuan Restaurant went to Xinfadi Market, and he and his friends went to the restaurant next to this Sichuan Restaurant for dinner on June 5th. "In the past two days, my friend just did a nucleic acid test, and the result was negative. Today (June 18), my community organized a free nucleic acid test. In order to reassure myself and consider the safety of friends and colleagues, it can be more reassuring to do a test."

　　"I came back from Beijing and was asked by the community to do the test again."

　　Zheng Yu (pseudonym), a job-seeking student in Shantou, Guangdong.

　　Looking back on the experience of going to Beijing this time, Zheng Yu never thought that it was just her two days in Beijing that Beijing suddenly announced the emergence of local cases. Later, she had to do two nucleic acid tests after returning to Guangdong.

　　On June 10th, Zheng Yu, who just graduated from college this year, came to a company in Beijing for an interview and written test, and returned to Shantou, Guangdong on the afternoon of the 12th. As the interview unit is in Xicheng District, Beijing, she booked a hotel near the company and rented it for two nights.

　　Unfortunately, it was just these two days when I came to Beijing for an interview that Beijing announced the escalation of epidemic prevention and control. It is reported that on June 11, Beijing reported a new confirmed case in Xicheng District, and on June 12, another 6 cases were confirmed in Beijing. The sudden rebound of the epidemic also worried Zheng Yu’s family and urged her to pay attention to protection and go home early.

　　For safety reasons, Zheng Yu, who has returned to Shantou, decided to do nucleic acid testing. On the morning of June 15th, Zheng Yu did a nucleic acid test in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University School of Medicine at the expense of 75 yuan. "When I was ready to see the test results the next day, I felt very nervous, as if I had experienced the second college entrance examination, because many people around me were paying attention to the test results, but fortunately the results showed negative."

　　With the development of community screening, on June 18th, Zheng Yu received a phone call from a local community worker, and the other party said that people who came back from Beijing needed a second nucleic acid test after 14 days of home isolation. (Zhongxin Jingwei APP)