上海娱乐地图

　　　　HiFi has always been a hot topic, and many mobile phones released recently are also focusing on HiFi sound quality: those using ES9318 DAC+ two-in-one audio chip, those using AKM HiFi chip and equipped with HUAWEI histen sound effects, and those supporting Bluetooth aptX & aptX HD HD music transmission, etc., all prove that mobile phone audio has always existed in an important position in the industry. So what is HiFi? What are the technical indicators of HiFi? What are the types of common mobile phone HiFi chips and what are their performances? You will know after reading this article.

Mobile phone HiFi, hi, no, hi. After reading these, you can be considered into the pit.

　　　　The full name of HiFi is High Fidelity, which literally translates as "high fidelity". To put it bluntly, it is a playback sound that is highly similar to the original sound. Spreading digital music on the network often needs to be suppressed, and there will be lossy and lossless compression. What we often see is that MP3 is a kind of lossy compression, which will affect the sound quality. Playing music is to convert digital signals into analog signals, and then amplify the analog signals and transmit them to headphones or speakers. HiFi is to make the final music close to the sound that the producer wants you to hear after production, that is, the sound quality is good.

　　　　Of course, sound quality and sense of hearing are not the same concept. The reason why audio is a metaphysics is that the sense of hearing varies from person to person, so there are "golden ears" and "fungus", and headphones or stereos of audio terminals will have different output performances because of various differences. At the same time, things like dolby pro logic and SRS sound effects all create distortion to improve the sense of hearing. The mobile phone HiFi we are talking about here is more about what kind of audio output the mobile phone as the output front end can have.

What are the common technical indicators of HiFi?

　　　　For audio veterans, mobile phones as the front end are often dismissive, because there is an irreparable hardware gap between mobile phone HiFi and professional audio, which the author will mention later. But for ordinary consumers, a carefully designed mobile phone with audio system is enough as a toy for getting started with audio.

　　　　I believe that there are not a few users who listen to songs on their mobile phones, but not many people know about HiFi. Moreover, when they go to see professional audio evaluation, there are many technical indicators that they can’t understand, but those who know audio are unwilling to explain more. The common technical indicators of sound system are: frequency response, signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, distortion, transient, stereo separation, stereo balance, audio sampling and so on. Here the author explains it separately.

　　　　frequency response: The frequency range of audio equipment during playback and the relationship between signal amplitude and frequency (amplitude-frequency characteristics). The unit of amplitude is dB, and the unit of frequency is Hz. The frequency response of the sound system should reach at least 32-18000Hz, and the signal amplitude change should be less than 2dB within this frequency range.

　　　　SNR: Logarithm of the ratio of useful signal to noise at the same reference point. At the input point of the speaker, the signal-to-noise ratio is 70dB, and the noise of one meter away from the speaker is almost inaudible, and the HiFi system generally reaches above 110dB.

　　　　dynamic range: Logarithm of the ratio of the maximum undistorted output power of audio equipment to the static system noise output power. HiFi system generally reaches more than 100dB.

　　　　degree of distortion: The degree of distortion of sound source signal when audio equipment plays back. The distortion of audio power amplifier can be divided into two categories: electrical distortion and acoustic distortion. The electrical distortion is caused by the circuit, and the acoustic distortion is caused by the speaker of the sound reproduction device. The types of electrical distortion are harmonic distortion, intermodulation distortion and transient distortion. Acoustic distortion is mainly AC interface distortion. The harmonic distortion of HiFi system is generally less than 1%.

　　　　stereo isolation: the separation degree of the left and right channels. Reflect the crosstalk degree of the left and right channels.

　　　　Stereo balance: The difference between the signal gains of the left and right channels.

　　　　transient stateRefers to those short and explosive sounds in music (especially percussion), which are usually difficult to reproduce accurately. Represents a physical quantity or phenomenon that changes between two adjacent stable States, and its change time is less than the time scale of concern.

　　　　Audio samplingDigital audio system reproduces the original sound by converting the sound wave into a series of binary data. The equipment used to realize this step is analog/digital (A/D), which samples the sound wave at the rate of tens of thousands of times per second, and each sampling records the state of the original analog sound wave at a certain moment, which is called a sample. A string of samples can be connected to describe a sound wave, and the number of samples per second is called sampling frequency or yield, and the unit is HZ (hertz). The higher the sampling frequency, the higher the acoustic frequency can be described.

Some audio chip parameters (picture quoted from love machine)

　　　　Signal-to-noise ratio, stereo separation and stereo balance can be distinguished by human ears, and other indicators need to be compared by multi-system comparison. Knowing this, it is not so difficult to understand when we look at the technical parameters of those mobile phone audio chips.

What are the common evaluation elements of HiFi we are talking about?

　　　　When watching audio evaluation, it is often confusing for beginners, because they don’t know what those evaluation elements mean. Although it is only a piece of music, there are many doorways. So here, the author selects three common evaluation factors to explain: sound resolution, frequency band and sound stage.

Sound resolving power

　　　　Analytic power intuitively means the clarity of sound and the expressive ability of detailed information. For example, this is like the resolution of a display screen. The higher the resolution, the clearer the picture, and the same is true for audio equipment. However, there is no clear quantitative index to measure it, so we can only rely on the human ear for subjective evaluation.

The higher the resolution, the more details we can "see" (picture from bilibili)

　　　　The analytical power of equipment has a comprehensive influence on human ears, including the cleanliness of the sound floor, the performance of overtones, the saturation of timbre, the clarity of sound image form, the texture of sound, etc. Simply put, it is "the ability to analyze musical details without losing information". HiFi is mostly exposed to the analytical power of earphone units. The resolving power of earphone unit is mainly related to the material, thickness and coil technology of diaphragm, which requires high technology and is a large part of the investment in R&D by manufacturers, thus directly determining the R&D and production cost of the unit.

　　　　In addition to the clarity of sound and the amount of detailed information, the benefits brought by high resolution are obvious separation of human voices and musical instruments. The so-called degree of separation is the layering of music. The better the layering, the easier it is for us to distinguish between human voices and background music, and the voices with low degree of separation will be mixed with instrumental sounds.

　　　　Of course, the degree of separation can be adjusted to a certain extent, such as reducing low frequencies and highlighting middle and high frequencies, so that the details will be clear, but the problem is that the amount of information in low frequencies is reduced, and then the music will appear thin.

　　　　But too high resolution will also bring problems, that is, distortion. Generally, earphones with higher price will have higher resolution, but the resolution will be seriously distorted simply by improving the sensitivity of the unit diaphragm to current, so the resolution of low-resistance earphones will not be set too high, because the front-end (power amplifier circuit) has limited control power, and strong resolution will bring greater dynamic distortion, which is why high-end earphones are mostly high impedance.

Sennheiser HD650 with 300 ohm impedance

　　　　However, the portable mobile phone HiFi has the problem of insufficient thrust. The larger the impedance, the smaller the sensitivity, and the harder it is to push the earphone. Therefore, it is not a wise choice to buy high-impedance high-end headphones only by looking at the price. The most serious consequence of insufficient thrust is that the music is poor in dynamics, and all the detailed sounds heard at the same time will be displayed in one plane, with no ups and downs in sound, no contrast in vocal instruments, lack of emotion, and the image is just like boiled water, which is seriously distorted. In a high resolution system, besides the unit quality, the control ability of the front-end system is particularly important.

frequency band

　　　　The so-called capacity distribution of high, medium and low frequency bands refers to the quantity of each frequency band within the frequency range that the equipment can emit. Some equipment has more high-frequency bands, some have a strong sense of low frequency, and some middle-frequency bands are particularly full of voices, but the amount of high and low segments is not so much.

　　　　The requirements of high frequency for each kind of listening and everyone’s listening habits are different. For music, it is not sharp to go up to the frequency band reached by music itself, that is to say, it can be said to be excellent if it is not stuffy and lubricated; It is very difficult to connect the intermediate frequency with the high frequency and low frequency. Almost all earphones can’t perfectly interpret the thick bass and thin soprano, and at the same time perfectly interpret the characteristics of each musical instrument. Low frequency is the most difficult frequency band to do, and it is not easy to do well in dive, elasticity and overtone during playback, so high-end headphones and earplugs are all working hard in this respect.

　　　　There is no absolute difference between the quantity sense of each frequency band and the quality sense. What is important is to achieve a balance after the overall collocation. The control of each frequency band tests the ability of audio equipment, such as whether the low frequency is loose or tight, whether the high frequency is lubricated or sharp, and so on.

Sound stage

　　　　Sound stage is the range in which the sound emitted by two speakers can be condensed and formed. Usually, if the two speakers are properly positioned (including the distance from the back wall and side wall, the height of the speakers and the angle of tilting inward, etc.), a concrete sound stage will emerge. You can even "see" the positions and distances of various vocal instruments and voices behind the speakers. To put it bluntly, it is an immersive listening experience.

Sound stage’s feelings have a lot to do with the sound layout (picture quoted from Baidu Encyclopedia)

　　　　Theoretically speaking, the reason why human ears can feel the sound field is because of the loudness difference and time difference between the left and right ears. The louder the sound channel is, the closer it is to the human ear. The loudness difference between the left and right ears enables the human ear to identify the sound source. At the same time, the delay of sound (residual sound) further enhances the three-dimensional sense of sound.

　　　　But it is not easy to form a good sound stage. Because the human ear is sensitive to different frequencies, not all frequencies can distinguish the distance and orientation, and about 7kHz is the most sensitive, while the extremely high frequency and extremely low frequency sounds have no directivity or very weak directivity. Relatively speaking, low-frequency directivity is worse, and low-frequency delay is a key quality for field experience.

　　　　In addition to the field sense of sound range (width and depth), the image cohesion is also a major index to evaluate sound stage. The shape, three-dimensional degree and sense of distance of the sound are the concrete manifestations of the cohesive force. The image is to see the performance site through the sense of hearing. Different musical instruments or vocals have different positions, sizes and characteristics. What is included in the fundus is a collection of all musical instruments and vocals, but they exist alone. You can see the individual characteristics of each of them or musical instruments.

Sound stage’s excellent knot is like being at a concert (picture quoted from Southern Metropolis Daily)

　　　　The requirement of image-forming power on audio system is relatively high, which is not only related to the hardware quality and sound quality adjustment of the front end, but also the image-forming power displayed by different headphones is very different. High-performance equipment combined with optimized adjustment can show excellent presence, but for HiFi, which is only an additional function, it is a very severe test, whether from hardware support or adjustment.

　　　　Of course, in addition to these three common evaluation indicators, there are many directions for evaluating audio, such as the proportion of musical instruments and the overall balance, but after understanding the above three evaluation factors, we can understand most of the audio evaluation.

What are the code names of HiFi? What are the reasons that restrict mobile phone HiFi?

HiFi system of Xiaomi Note

　　　　When we look at manufacturers’ promotion of HiFi selling points, there are always words such as DAC, ADC and operational amplifier. But for audio white, it is often confused. Here’s a brief introduction to common terms and expressions: ADC, SRC, DAC, and operational amplifier.

Texas Instruments 51AP8LI ADC3001 audio conversion chip (picture quoted from love machine)

　　　　ADC stands for analog-to-digital signal coding chip.This device is rare in the promotion of mobile phone HiFi, and it is mainly used for audio input.

Independent double clock crystal oscillator

　　　　The sampling rate of CD is 16bit, 44.1K, and there are other sampling rates such as 48k, 96K and 192K. However, in the later processing, only one type can be processed, so a conversion is needed, and this conversion process is called SRC.This process can easily deteriorate the sound quality. Need special attention, this is a key point for smart phones to do HIFI. Such transcoding chips (such as CS8422) are expensive. At this time, an independent dual-clock crystal oscillator appears, which perfectly solves this problem: one corresponds to 44.1K, the other corresponds to 48K and its integer multiples, and what crystal oscillator is used for music in any format, which solves the SRC problem at low cost.

ES9018K2M　DAC

　　　　DAC is a relatively common component, representing a digital-to-analog signal decoding chip, and is a device for converting digital format audio files stored in mobile phones into analog signals.This is the independent audio chip that most mobile phone manufacturers promote, such as ES9018 K2M of Meizu PRO6 Plus. The quality of DAC often represents some quality parameters of the front end, such as dynamic range, signal-to-noise ratio, distortion and so on.

"539Y5P" is the AD45257 operational amplifier chip.

　　　　DAC completes analog signal conversion, but the output analog signal is very weak, and then the operational amplifier starts to operate.The full name of operational amplifier is operational amplifier. In the field of multimedia speakers, the operational amplifier chip is mainly responsible for the adjustment of volume, tone and peripheral effects., for example, integrated operational amplifiers are used in the front stage of audio and headphone amplifiers (amplifiers). For example, the common OPA1612 and OPA2604 are operational amplifier chips, and multiple operational amplifier chips can be integrated in one amp.

　　　　At present, most of the audio chips used in HiFi mobile phones on the market come from AKM and ESS. Here are some typical examples:

AK4490EN chip

　　　　AK4490EN is an ideal audio chip for mobile devices, which supports 32-bit/768 kHz source code output and high-specification 11.2MHz DSD files. Represents action.

ES9018K2M chip

　　　　The ES9018K2M chip has a dynamic range of 127dB, which can fully display the details of music. The ultra-low distortion of -120dB THD+N can better restore the essence of music.

　　　　Equipped with ES9038Q2M and three OPA1622 operational amplifiers, it has a dynamic range of 129dB and a distortion of -120dB, and supports DSD hardware decoding.

ACS43L36 decoding and ear amplifier integrated chip

　　　　Of course, in addition to these two chips, CirrusLogic decoding and amp integrated chip CS43L36 has also appeared on Meizu’s PRO 6, and basically all the audio parts involved in PRO 6 are controlled by it.

　　　　Although HiFi mobile phone is equipped with professional audio chip, it has a certain gap with high-quality walkman in terms of resolution, dynamic response and thrust. The reason is that the power supply scale, decoding chip specifications and the number of operational amplifiers are not as good as the latter. For example, the ES9018K2M mentioned just now is actually a scaled-down version of ES9018, which is a low-power version specially customized for mobile devices. The former is dual-channel and the latter is 8-channel. Whether it is dynamic range or signal-to-noise ratio, ES9018 is far better than ES9018K2M. The main reason why enthusiasts don’t want to use mobile phones to listen to high-quality headphones is because of the thrust of mobile phones on headphones, and they can’t give full play to good headphones.

In which direction will HiFi develop?

　　　　At present, limited by the circuit structure and power supply of mobile phones, there is still a long way to go to equalize the sound quality of professional equipment. Of course, we do not rule out the possibility of improving the battery technology of mobile phones, further optimizing the circuit design, and further controlling the heat and power consumption by high-quality audio chips, but it will be difficult to achieve it for a while.

It is also beneficial to integrate the decoding operational amplifier into the earphone.

　　　　In addition, mobile phones are gradually developing towards thinness, and the contradiction between battery capacity and chip power consumption is increasingly prominent, and there are signs of canceling the 3.5mm headphone jack in a large area. The most typical is the series of mobile phones. The 3.5mm earphone interface is cancelled, and the Lightning data interface can only output digital signals, and the decoding and operational amplifier will be integrated into the earphone. Although the high-end audio circuit can be used without signal interference compared with mobile phones to further reduce the noise floor, the power consumption of headphones is serious, and the high-integration decoding and operational amplifier will damage the sound quality output to some extent, and unreasonable circuit design will also produce certain noise floor.

Active noise reduction principle

　　　　Fortunately, there are still many remedies for mobile phone HiFi. For example, better audio technology is adopted at the earphone end. For example, 1MORE’s Tiinlab A2 exclusive active noise reduction chip can adjust the frequency band for noise reduction with broadband EQ as a supplement, and at the same time, it has a very good adaptability, such as Lightning and USB Type C digital interface. Thanks to the self-planned Tiinlab A2 exclusive active noise reduction chip, 1MORE full-time noise reduction technology achieves a perfect balance between noise reduction effect and sound quality. Tiinlab A2 is in the range of 50-2000Hz, which has covered most business and life frequency bands, which is wider than the frequency band where most noise-reducing headphones are only concentrated within 1000Hz, but at the same time, the noise reduction depth is controlled, and the inhalation feeling will not be too strong.

　Intelligent sonar earphone

　　　　Another interesting thing is HTC’s HTC USonic smart sonar headset. This earphone uses sonar to sense the cochlear structure, feeds back the signal to the mobile phone, makes custom adjustment according to the specific shape of each ear, and then outputs lossless timbre through USB-C interface, providing a good audio experience.

MDR-XB950BT Bluetooth Headset

　　　　At the beginning of this article, we mentioned that one plus five supports aptX & aptX HD HD music transmission. Undoubtedly, wireless Bluetooth will also be one of the solutions for future mobile phone HiFi. At present, the main quality standards of Bluetooth audio coding are SBC, AAC, aptX and LDAC from low to high. SBC has the best compatibility and the worst sound quality. AAC is relatively better. If the mobile phone plays AAC audio files, then using AAC Bluetooth coding transmission can save a coding conversion step, and the sound quality is more fidelity, but the gap is not small. AptX is a higher Bluetooth audio coding, and aptX-HD can achieve near lossless sound quality. LDAC is a Bluetooth audio coding promoted by Sony, which can achieve -Res lossless audio transmission and has the best sound quality. However, apart from Sony’s own equipment, there are not many supporting this coding at present, but it is the future development direction.

Write it at the end

　　　　After reading the above contents, I believe everyone has a certain understanding of audio and mobile phone HiFi. Although these are only nine Niu Yi hairs in the audio industry, after understanding these, we can roughly understand what level of mobile phone HiFi is promoted by mobile phone manufacturers, and we can also have some basic knowledge support when choosing headphones. Of course, it should be kept in mind that even when purchasing headphones for HiFi mobile phones, you can’t just look at the price. After all, the thrust of mobile phones is limited, and different headphones have different styles. The right combination of front and rear ends is the best choice.

　　As the third Belt and Road International Cooperation Summit Forum was held in Beijing, China officially released the Global Initiative on Artificial Intelligence Governance (hereinafter referred to as the Initiative). The launch of the Initiative fully reflects China’s responsible attitude, leading spirit and mission under the guidance of the concepts of "Community of Human Destiny" and "Community of Cyberspace Destiny" of the Supreme Leader and Chairman, and in the face of a new wave of global scientific and technological revolution symbolized by artificial intelligence and other technologies. It is an important measure for China to conform to the development trend of network and informatization, respond to the demands of developing countries and respond to the calls of the international community for effective governance of new technologies in the process of cyberspace international governance.

　　Cyberspace is not a virtual space, but a projection and manifestation of the real world. Judging from the international situation, the relations between major powers, international order, regional security, social thoughts and global governance are undergoing profound adjustments. Coupled with the impact of a century-old epidemic, the world has entered a "great change that has never happened in a century." From the development process of global informatization, artificial intelligence, quantum technology, blockchain and other technologies have developed rapidly, and the outline of a new round of scientific and technological revolution has gradually become clear. The new technology with the characteristics of intelligence, digitalization, informationization and virtualization not only profoundly affects the domestic industrial form, lifestyle and social form of each country, but also brings about the comparative change of power between countries and intensifies national competition. The security and interests of the country, the operation of enterprises, and the human rights and privacy of citizens are all concentrated in cyberspace as never before, and the data flows endlessly. Multilateral parties in the international community, whether governments, enterprises, communities or people, are looking forward to the gradual establishment of the cyberspace once known as the "wild west", forming a code of conduct and realizing global governance.

　　Artificial intelligence is not a castle in the air, but a simulation and extension of human brain thinking mode. It is regarded as one of the landmark technologies of this round of scientific and technological revolution, and has accelerated its development in recent years, showing new features such as deep learning, cross-border integration, man-machine collaboration, open intelligence and independent control. In daily life, people have applied artificial intelligence technology in all aspects, such as personalized recommendation system for online shopping, face recognition, artificial intelligence medical image recognition, artificial intelligence navigation, intelligent writing assistant and voice assistant, etc., and its various applications are as bright as the sea of stars. However, concerns about its safety and risks are unprecedented. People from all walks of life are generally worried that its risks and threats will not only lead to legal and ethical risks, but also lead to security threats in major fields such as society, economy and military affairs. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "New technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality are changing with each passing day, and the combination of virtual economy and real economy will bring revolutionary changes to people’s production methods and lifestyles. This change will not happen overnight, nor will it be smooth sailing. It needs the joint efforts of all countries to fully amplify and accelerate its positive effects while minimizing possible negative effects. " The Chairman of the Supreme Leader advocates that China supports strengthening dialogue around artificial intelligence, and proposes to hold a special meeting in due course to promote the implementation of the principles of the G-20 artificial intelligence and lead the healthy development of global artificial intelligence. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader further pointed out that,"Technology is a sharp weapon for development, and it may also become the source of risks. It is necessary to look forward to the rule conflicts, social risks and ethical challenges brought about by the development of science and technology." A series of instructions from the Supreme Leader General Secretary pointed out the direction for China to participate in and lead the global artificial intelligence governance process.

　　In recent years, the international community has put forward some important initiatives to promote the healthy development of artificial intelligence. In 2019, UNESCO issued the Proposal on Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence, calling on governments, enterprises, social organizations and individuals of all countries to actively consider the ethical issues of artificial intelligence in the research and development, application and governance of artificial intelligence technology, and promote the global dissemination and implementation of ethical principles of artificial intelligence. G20 Group emphasized the ethical and social responsibility of artificial intelligence in the G20 Principles of Artificial Intelligence released in 2019, and encouraged countries to take ethical and responsible measures in the research, development, application and governance of artificial intelligence technology, and strengthen global governance cooperation to jointly promote the healthy development of artificial intelligence. In 2018, the European Commission put forward the Code of Ethics for Artificial Intelligence, which emphasized that the application of artificial intelligence must conform to human values and ethical principles, and suggested taking measures to strengthen the supervision and transparency of artificial intelligence and promote the sustainable development of artificial intelligence technology. Some non-governmental organizations have also put forward ethical norms and norms of artificial intelligence, emphasizing that artificial intelligence technology should serve human welfare rather than replace human beings, and promote the inclusiveness and sustainability of artificial intelligence technology. Generally speaking, the international community has realized the impact and challenges of artificial intelligence technology on society and human beings, so it advocates governments, enterprises and social organizations to actively think about the ethical and social responsibilities of artificial intelligence and take measures that meet ethical requirements to promote the healthy development of artificial intelligence technology.

　　There are similarities, emphases and differences in the artificial intelligence governance concepts of multilateral parties in the international community. China’s mission in this era is how to implement the instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, conform to the development trend of global technology and industrial revolution, give consideration to the two major tasks of safety and development, seek common ground while reserving differences with all parties in the world based on his own governance practice, form an attractive Chinese plan, contribute to the international governance of artificial intelligence, and create a good internal and external environment for international cooperation in the field of artificial intelligence.

　　In September 2021, the National Professional Committee for the Governance of New Generation Artificial Intelligence issued the "Ethical Code of New Generation Artificial Intelligence"; In December 2021, China issued the "Position Paper on Standardizing Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence"; On November 16th, 2022, China submitted China’s Position Paper on Strengthening the Ethical Governance of Artificial Intelligence to the United Nations General Assembly. China put forward the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable global security in regulating artificial intelligence, and advocated all countries to actively seek consensus and practice the concept of building a community of human destiny in the field of artificial intelligence. These concepts, principles, and documents have made an attempt to solve the problem of artificial intelligence governance. The "Initiative" launched by China this time not only embodies these ideas, principles and documents, but also absorbs the outstanding achievements of multilateral parties in the international community, including developing countries, in the field of artificial intelligence governance in recent years.

　　In the introduction at the beginning, the Initiative highly affirmed the rapid development, far-reaching influence and great opportunities brought to the world by artificial intelligence technology. At the same time, it also points out all kinds of risk challenges brought by this technology, and puts the key and significant issue of artificial intelligence governance related to the fate of all mankind in front of the world. The introduction puts forward the security concept, principles and mechanisms that all countries should uphold in the process of artificial intelligence governance, and highlights China’s consistent cooperative position in cyberspace, as well as the idea of promoting artificial intelligence governance together with various actors in cyberspace with an open attitude. Based on the technical attributes of artificial intelligence, China put forward development suggestions to continuously improve the safety, reliability, controllability and fairness of artificial intelligence technology.

　　The contents of the "Initiative" total eleven articles, which comprehensively, systematically and scientifically expounded China’s position and proposition from three levels: security, development and governance. These clauses not only respond to the general concerns and concerns of the international community, especially the developing countries, but also show China’s profound understanding of artificial intelligence governance. The first article of the Initiative puts forward that the development of artificial intelligence should adhere to the concept of "people-oriented", which is intended to warn that the development of technology cannot deviate from the direction of human civilization and progress. Article 2 proposes that when providing artificial intelligence products and services to other countries, we should respect the sovereignty of other countries, strictly abide by the laws of other countries, and oppose the use of artificial intelligence technology to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs, which fully takes into account the demands of developing countries that the development of artificial intelligence technology will pose a threat to their national security and sovereignty. For example, some countries have been worried that artificial intelligence technology will be used for military purposes, thus posing a threat to international peace and stability; In addition, some countries worry that artificial intelligence technology will be used to manipulate elections, disrupt financial markets and create social divisions, which will have a negative impact on social stability. The third article puts forward that the development of artificial intelligence should adhere to the purpose of "intelligence is good", which is not only a supplement to the last article, but also the common wish of many artificial intelligence developers and practitioners. Article 4 puts forward that all countries have the equal right to develop and use artificial intelligence, aiming at avoiding and eliminating the new digital divide caused by artificial intelligence.Oppose countries with corresponding technological advantages to use artificial intelligence to suppress, contain and block the development of artificial intelligence in other countries, and block and interfere with the development of artificial intelligence in the world. In the following items, the Initiative comprehensively shows that China is open and fair with the international community in the field of artificial intelligence governance from the aspects of testing and evaluating the risk level of artificial intelligence, establishing and improving relevant laws and regulations, adhering to the principles of fairness and non-discrimination, putting ethics first, actively developing the development and application of related technologies for artificial intelligence governance, and persisting in dialogue and cooperation, extensive participation, consensus and gradual progress, and promoting multi-stakeholders to form a broad consensus in the field of artificial intelligence governance.

　　At the end, the Initiative specifically calls for enhancing the representation and voice of developing countries in the global governance of artificial intelligence. Seeing this, and then connecting with the third "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation summit forum being held in Beijing, the vast number of developing countries gathered in Beijing, eager to catch the express train developed by China, hoping to hear the voice of China, including the hope that China will speak for the vast number of developing countries on the major issue of artificial intelligence governance in the current international community. China is an active promoter and practitioner of international governance of cyberspace. In 2015, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader put forward the concept of "building a community of destiny in cyberspace" for the first time in the second world internet conference, and deeply explained the "four principles" and "five propositions" of Internet development and governance, which attracted wide attention from the international community. Today, the launch of the Initiative once again reflects China’s determination to implement the concept of "Building a Community of Cyberspace Destiny" by Chairman of the Supreme Leader, its image and mission as a responsible big country in cyberspace, and its unremitting efforts to practice fairness and justice in the process of international governance in cyberspace.

　　At present, there are three key words in the process of international governance of cyberspace, namely peace, security and development. In the field of artificial intelligence governance, the three themes have not changed fundamentally: first, the basic principles of artificial intelligence governance concept are the common values of equality, fairness and justice, sharing and governance, or the jungle law of the jungle; The second is the basic attitude towards artificial intelligence governance, whether it is laissez-faire or legal supervision on the basis of respecting the network sovereignty of various countries; The third is the basic position on artificial intelligence governance, whether it is used as a means to benefit mankind and maintain peace and stability, or as a deterrent, preemptive, or even as a tool to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs, create conflicts or even wage war. The development of artificial intelligence technology has aggravated the complexity of human security. In this new field, competition between countries is intensifying, government governance is being impacted, and social structure has undergone tremendous changes. How to deal with it, the international community needs new wisdom, new thinking and new paths.

　　Let the light of reason and wisdom light up the starry sea of artificial intelligence. It is predicted that in the future, China will continue to unite all multilateral parties in the international community, especially the developing countries, and continue to launch the best practice cases and specific road maps for artificial intelligence governance around the concept of "building a community of cyberspace destiny" with the launch of this Initiative as a new starting point. This is not only the mission of China, but also the demand of developing countries, a concrete action to follow the law of cyberspace development, and an inevitable choice for human beings to meet the era of artificial intelligence.

　　(Zhang Li, researcher, China Institute of Contemporary International Relations)

　WeChat official account News of CBN WeChat, the critical moment of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, a paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine, pushed the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (hereinafter referred to as "China CDC") to the forefront.

The reason is that, according to this paper, research shows that interpersonal communication has occurred between close contacts since mid-December 2019. In addition, from January 1 to January 11, a total of 7 medical staff were infected. But at this time, the public knew nothing about it.

Should scientists publish papers first or prevent them first? The focus of controversy comes from this. On the morning of January 31st, CBN reporter interviewed Gao Fu, a member of the National Health Commission high-level expert group and director of China CDC. He is the co-author of the above paper.

"This is a retrospective analysis! In mid-December, I still don’t know what the disease is, and the pathogen is unclear. It is the inference of investigating more than 400 cases of epidemiology! Onset’s days are all speculation, which everyone didn’t understand! Mix epidemiological investigation with clinical diagnosis. " Gao Fu told CBN.

Gao Fu also said that retrospective investigation is one of the responsibilities of CDC, to find the culprit, retrospective investigation, and guide future prevention and control. "Our prevention and control has never stopped, and everyone has not slept for a month."

This is a retrospective analysis.

This paper, published on January 29th, US time, was led by China CDC, including professionals from Hubei CDC and Hong Kong University. Correspondents of the study include Feng Zijian, deputy director of China CDC, and Yang Bo, director of Hubei CDC. Co-authors also include Gao Fu.

In this paper, the investigation team analyzed the reported 425 laboratory-confirmed cases as of January 22, 2020. Analysis shows that among the first 425 confirmed patients, the median age is 59 years old and the male is 56%. Most cases (55%) occurred before January 1, 2020 were related to the seafood wholesale market in South China, and the subsequent cases were 8.6%. The average incubation period was 5.2 days, and the 95th percentile of the distribution was 12.5 days. In the early stage, the scale of epidemic cases doubled every 7.4 days, the average continuous interval of infection was 7.5 days, and the number of basic infections (R0) was estimated to be 2.2.

According to this information, the paper said that there is evidence that interpersonal communication has occurred between close contacts since mid-December 2019.

This paper reveals more information about the epidemic situation in COVID-19, which has aroused widespread doubts.

On January 31st, China CDC published an article entitled "Notes of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention on Publishing Articles in the New England Journal of Medicine". The article stated that the paper was based on a retrospective analysis of 425 confirmed cases (including 15 medical staff) reported as of January 23rd, 2020, and all cases were published to the public before the paper was written. The 15 cases of medical staff infection mentioned in the paper were announced to the public by Academician Zhong Nanshan, the leader of the high-level expert group in National Health Commission, on the evening of January 20th and the Wuhan Health and Health Commission in the early morning of January 21st.

The viewpoint that "interpersonal communication occurred among close contacts in December 2019" put forward in this paper is a retrospective inference based on the epidemiological investigation data of 425 cases.

The article also said that publishing the survey results in academic journals in time will help professional colleagues at home and abroad to understand the characteristics of the disease in time, jointly evaluate and judge the epidemic situation, and improve the prevention and control strategies.

However, this article did not respond, when did China CDC come to the judgment that "interpersonal communication occurred among close contacts in December 2019".

For infectious epidemiology, retrospective study is indeed extremely important. Without retrospective study, it is impossible to understand the incidence of infectious diseases more clearly and then formulate prevention and control strategies for infectious diseases. Therefore, after the outbreak of an infectious disease and case diagnosis, epidemiological investigators will appear first.

An expert in epidemic virology also told reporters that retrospective research is the basic work of infectious diseases and must be carried out according to existing cases. Without cases, no one can observe what the development path of this virus is.

"In fact, the data of 425 cases is not enough to show the characteristics of the new virus. It can only explain the situation in the past and (425 cases) at that time. How to develop in the future needs to continue to be observed." The above-mentioned experts in epidemic virology said.

For example, China CDC stated that these cases were previously confirmed cases, and the research team used these public data to start a retrospective analysis.

How to carry out retrospective analysis?

According to this paper, the earliest cases in COVID-19 were identified through the surveillance mechanism of pneumonia with unknown etiology.

In order to identify pneumonia cases and strive to improve the sensitivity of early detection, the research team developed a tailor-made monitoring program to identify potential cases on January 3, 2020.

The initial working case definition for suspicious COVID-19 is based on the case definition of SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). After obtaining new information about confirmed cases, the epidemiological criteria for defining suspicious cases were updated on January 18, 2020.

Once suspicious cases are found, a joint team composed of China CDC, provincial CDC, local CDC and county CDC will be notified to carry out detailed on-site investigation and collect respiratory tract samples, which will be tested in the Center for Viral Disease Prevention and Control of China CDC.

A joint team composed of staff from China CDC and local CDC also conducted detailed field investigations on all suspected and confirmed cases. They collected epidemiological data through interviews with infected people, relatives, close contacts and medical staff, so as to determine the contact history of patients two weeks before onset, including the date, frequency, frequency and mode of contact with wild animals, especially the wild animals available in the South China Seafood Market in Wuhan. In addition, the researchers also collected information about exposure to any relevant environment and contact with others with similar symptoms.

All the epidemiological information collected in the survey, including contact history, timetable and the identity of close contacts, were cross-checked.

Through this path, the research team obtained the epidemiological information of 425 cases.

The basic infection number is about 2.2.

The importance of retrospective analysis of infectious diseases lies in seeing clearly the laws of infectious diseases, and only by seeing clearly the enemy can we make better prevention and control.

In addition to the above-mentioned questioned contents, what other noteworthy information does this paper reveal?

In this paper, the researchers estimate the growth rate of the epidemic by analyzing the data of cases between December 10, 2019 and January 4, 2020.

According to the paper, limited to the data before January 4th, it is estimated that the basic number of infections in COVID-19 is about 2.2, which means that each patient spreads the infection to 2.2 other people on average. As far as COVID-19 is concerned, the paper said that the control challenges include the obvious existence of many mild infections and the limited resources to isolate cases and close contacts.

However, due to the increased awareness of the epidemic situation and the increased availability and utilization rate of inspections in recent weeks, the confirmed infection rate will increase.

A chart used in this article shows that after January 11th, the number of cases decreased. However, the paper also said that it is probably due to the uncertainty of recent cases and the delay in identification and reporting, rather than the real turning point of incidence.

Considering that the availability and usage of test kits will increase with the passage of time, the paper said that extra care should be taken in explaining the growth rate of cases in January.

In short, the research results also show that in the early stage, the case size doubled every 7.4 days. The average continuous interval is 7.5 days.

The paper also reminds that the urgent next step includes determining the most effective control measures to reduce the spread within the community. With a better understanding of epidemiological characteristics and the dynamic mechanism of cases, it is also necessary to improve the definition of work cases. At the same time, it is also necessary to continue to monitor cases to find any changes in epidemiology, such as infections among young people or medical workers.

Original title: Gao Fu responded to the paper’s query: everyone didn’t understand, confusing the paper with clinical diagnosis.

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In less than a year, the "fastest US stock market listing" automobile brand is planning to withdraw from the NYSE and return to Geely. The news shook the whole circle.

On May 7th, Geely Automobile Holdings Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Geely Automobile") announced its plan to acquire all the issued shares of Extreme Krypton Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Extreme Krypton"). Geely Automobile currently holds about 65.7% of the shares of Krypton. If the transaction is completed, Geely Automobile and Krypton will be completely merged, and Krypton will be privatized and delisted on the New York Stock Exchange. As of the close of May 8, Beijing time, the share price of Krypton was $52.19, up by 11.51%, with a total market value of 6.403 billion yuan.

Since the listing of Krypton brand in the US stock market in 2024, the sales growth has been weak due to problems such as "left-handed and right-handed fighting", and the annual target has made slow progress. Li Shufu, chairman of Geely Holding Group, stressed on May 7 that it is necessary to "continuously promote the integration of automobile business and return to a Geely".

"Economic Account" and "Breakthrough War" or the logic behind the reorganization of Geely Group.

Screenshot of Geely Automobile Announcement.

Less than a year after listing, the annual target of Krypton is progressing slowly.

It has been less than a year since the listing of U.S. stocks.

Born on April 15, 2021, Krypton announced its plan to go public in October 2022. On May 10th, 2024, Krypton was officially listed on the New York Stock Exchange, raising about US$ 441 million (about RMB 3.18 billion), making it the "fastest US stock listing" brand of new energy vehicles.

It is worth mentioning that in the A round of financing in February 2023, the valuation of Krypton was as high as 13 billion US dollars. However, before the official listing, the valuation of Krypton issuance was about 5.13 billion US dollars, which was reduced by half.

According to Krypton’s plan, we should strive to turn losses into profits in 2024. The 2024 financial report released in March this year showed that the company’s total revenue in 2024 was 75.91 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 47%; The annual net loss was 5.79 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 30%. From 2021 to 2023, the net loss of Krypton was 4.514 billion yuan, 7.655 billion yuan and 8.264 billion yuan respectively.

Li Shufu mentioned on May 7 that "in the face of fierce market competition and increasingly complex economic environment, we will assess the situation".

On May 8, Geely Group responded to the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter, saying that the reason for Geely’s acquisition of Krypton is subject to the announcement issued by the Group.

In the announcement, Geely Automobile mentioned that this move "aims to promote the deep integration and efficient coordination of internal resources, eliminate repeated investment, reduce costs, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and create long-term value."

It can’t be ignored that the sales volume of the brand is under pressure this year. According to the latest sales data of Extreme Krypton Technology Group, the sales volume of Extreme Krypton brand in April was 13,727 units, down nearly 15% year-on-year and 11% quarter-on-quarter.

The sales target for 2025 previously announced by the Extreme Krypton brand is 320,000 vehicles. In the first four months of this year, the cumulative sales volume of the Extreme Krypton Group was 55,000 vehicles. The time schedule has passed one third, but the sales progress is only 17.2%.

"Divide the troops and fight" has left and right hands fighting each other.

Behind the pressure of krypton sales, in addition to the great competitive pressure, the internal "dividing troops" is also the problem.

Krypton 001 is the flagship model of Krypton brand. In February, 2024, the 2024 Extreme Krypton 001 went on the market. In the first month, it was set to exceed 30,000 vehicles, and the monthly sales in June reached 14,000 vehicles, a record high. But then sales declined, and the myth of "selling one car in one minute" came to an abrupt end.

However, the competition from competing models has become increasingly fierce: the first model of Xiaomi Automobile, SU7, was launched in March 2024; The 2024 Zhijie S7 was released in April 2024; Tesla 3 high-performance version was officially sold from June 2024.

Therefore, in August 2024, the 2025 Kykrypton 001 was quickly listed, and the Mobileye chip used in 2024 was replaced by NVIDIA dual OrinX chip, which improved the computing power and the starting price was 259,000 yuan. However, some car owners have publicly pointed out that "the annual model is launched in half a year" and "the model of three years can be bought in the same year" leads to the rapid depreciation of the vehicle.

On September 20, 2024, the SUV model was launched with a starting price of 229,900 yuan. For a time, the voice of "Extreme Krypton 001 or Extreme Krypton 7X is more cost-effective" emerges endlessly, and both sides are regarded as competitors, and their left and right hands are fighting each other.

In the context of declining sales, recently, Extreme Krypton Technology Group announced internally that Lin Jie, vice president of the group and general manager of Linke Sales Company, was in charge of the overall work of domestic marketing service of Extreme Krypton brand. It is understood that Lin Jie has been the general manager of Link Sales Company since 2018, and became the vice president of Extreme Technology Group in February 2025.

Geely Reorganizes "Fighting Ecology"

In fact, since 2024, Geely Group has reorganized its business segments several times.

In October, 2024, Geometry brand was officially merged into Geely Galaxy. On February 14, 2025, the brand of Extreme Krypton and Link merged rapidly in just three months, and the Extreme Krypton Technology Group was announced.

An Conghui, president of Geely Holding Group and CEO of Extreme Krypton Technology Group, described the plan of integrating Extreme Krypton and Linke in an exclusive interview with the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter: Extreme Krypton Technology Group strives to build a world-leading high-end luxury new energy automobile group with annual production and sales of one million levels through two years’ efforts.

In March 2025, Yizhen brand was officially merged into Geely Galaxy. In addition, there are rumors that Geely Group wants to include Ruilan Automobile. However, on April 10th, Qianli Technology, the controlling shareholder of Ruilan Automobile, responded to an investor’s question and said that there is no plan to transfer the equity to Geely Automobile at present.

Wang Peng, an associate researcher at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, told the Shell Finance reporter of the Beijing News that car companies are all changing from "fighting for products" to "fighting for ecology". Behind the repeated restructuring of Geely Group, "economic account" and "breakthrough war" are two key words.

In terms of "economic account", Extreme Krypton Technology Group publicly stated that after the merger of Extreme Krypton and Lectra, the new group company expects to save 10%-20% in R&D investment, and the R&D expense ratio is expected to drop from 11% to 6%. At the same time, with the support of large manufacturing system, the cost of bill of materials is saved by 5%-8% and the manufacturing is saved by 3%-5%. Among them, the management fee will be saved by 10%-20%, and the management fee rate is expected to be reduced from 11% to 8%.

In fact, on September 1, 2024, Geely mentioned in the Taizhou Declaration that conflicts of interest and repeated investment should be reduced. The reason why Geely Automobile mentioned the acquisition of Krypton also means to eliminate repeated investment and reduce costs.

"Breakthrough War" refers toConcentrate on doing great things and form an ecological circle. Wang Peng pointed out that in the early years, Geely comprehensively covered different markets through many brands such as Krypton, Link and Geometry, but this model led to internal consumption of resources and prone to homogenization competition.

In response to this adjustment, Li Shufu voiced on May 7th that he should continue to promote the integration of automobile business, return to a Geely, integrate technological advantages, improve innovation ability and profitability, continue to create long-term value, and build the world’s leading intelligent electric vehicle group. At the same time, it will maintain close communication and cooperation with American and international capital markets.

According to the latest statement of Geely Automobile, Geely Group will create a unified listing platform, and fully integrate extremely krypton assets and resources, thus enhancing the competitiveness of the passenger car business of the Group.

Geely’s integration drama will continue.

Beijing News Shell Financial Reporter Lin Zi

Editor Yang Juanjuan

Proofread Lin Zhao

　　Diplomacy is no small matter. Some seemingly casual details often reveal meaningful signals.

　　Just now, in the Oval Office, US President Trump met with Liu He, Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China, the special envoy of the Supreme Leader. The meeting lasted 40 minutes. According to the subsequent release of Xinhua News Agency, Trump also emphasized to Liu He:I highly cherish the good working relationship and personal friendship with the Chairman of the Supreme Leader.

　　Trump, the chief correspondent of Twitter in the White House, also quickly posted relevant information on Twitter, saying that he had talked with Liu He about trade issues. In the photo, Trump with a red tie stood on the right and Liu He with a blue tie stood on the left. They shook hands and smiled.

　　Sino-US trade negotiations are still going on, but during the talks, Trump suddenly met Liu He at the White House, and the information conveyed should be quite rich, at least these three clear signals:

　　1. There have been subtle changes in the attitude of the United States.

　　The last time Liu He visited Washington, not long ago, US Treasury Secretary Mnuchin led a delegation to Beijing for consultations, but the top leaders of the two countries did not come forward to meet. But this time, Trump not only met with Liu He, but also smiled brilliantly.In addition to Mnuchin and other US ministers, accompanied by US Vice President Burns. The President and Vice President of the United States met with Liu He, a vice-national.It can also be seen that the US attaches great importance to the China delegation.

　　In addition, in the Xinhua News Agency report, the first thing Trump said to Liu He was,"It is very important for the United States and China to maintain good cooperative relations in the economic and trade field." Please note that this is "very important".Since it is very important, the United States should also be soberly aware that once it derails, it will shake the earth.

　　Second, China and the United States have differences, but both want to solve them properly.

　　According to Xinhua News Agency, Trump said to Liu He:"I hope that the economic teams of the two countries will work together to actively solve the problems existing in the economic and trade relations between the two sides."Liu Heze said:"China is willing to work with the United States to properly handle and solve economic and trade issues of mutual concern on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, and ensure that economic and trade cooperation will continue to be the ballast stone and propeller of Sino-US relations."

　　There are indeed big differences between the two sides. What should we do? Please note that the Chinese word is "properly handled" and Trump’s word is "actively resolved". There are subtle differences in words, but their attitudes are basically the same. In other words, both sides believe that these differences should not be allowed to affect the relations between the two countries, which creates better conditions for the final success of the negotiations. Of course, China also has principles: on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

　　Third, there is huge space for future cooperation between China and the United States.

　　During the meeting, Trump also said this to Liu He:The United States and China should focus on strengthening trade and investment cooperation in the fields of energy and manufacturing, expanding agricultural products trade and market access, and strengthening cooperation in intellectual property protection to bring more practical benefits to the two peoples.

　　This should be the key cooperation area listed by the United States.These are all businesses, and China really may not suffer.It must be noted that in these areas, the United States has great advantages, and China’s appropriate increase in some imports is conducive to meeting people’s needs for a better life and is more conducive to the formation of a domestic competitive market. For example, energy is the blood of the economy, and China needs to import a lot of energy to develop; China needs blue sky, and natural gas is in short supply. In this regard, the United States can make more contributions. Of course, China’s energy exploitation technology should also catch up quickly.

　　In the previous article, bullpiano said,The trade war between China and the United States seems to be on the verge of exploding, but from the perspective of the ultimate win-win situation of harmony and wealth, it is just a fierce bargaining before larger-scale cooperation.

　　For the delegation of China, this is really a heavy responsibility. We must defend China’s legitimate rights and core interests, and we must defend the multilateral free trade system and global free trade.

　　Because in the process of consultation, there is no lack of wild speculations. Some western media also broadcast the so-called news that China made substantial concessions and accepted the US deficit reduction of $200 billion.

　　However, people familiar with the matter made it clear that this is false and purely misunderstood.

　　According to the interpretation of relevant people:

　　1. It is absolutely impossible for the Chinese team to negotiate under the conditions set by the US. This point has long been made public in the last round of Beijing consultations.

　　2. Some of China’s concerns, such as the ZTE incident, have been hinted by the relevant US parties in Twitter a few days ago; In addition, both sides have made progress in expanding the export of chips and high-tech products to China in the United States and relaxing energy exports to China. The final result of this transaction is worth looking forward to. Some people worry that China will make unilateral concessions, which is unnecessary.

　　3. The final result of the negotiations will come out after a while, and the so-called rumors of China’s concessions will be broken by then!

　　However, this is still a bitter battle.

　　According to informed sources,Just a few hours before Trump met with Liu He, the two sides still refused to give in to each other on the focus issue, and the negotiations were once deadlocked.Trump’s sudden meeting and the smiling handshake between the two sides undoubtedly put an end to the hard negotiation of this day.

　　Negotiations will continue and the game is still going on. Strive for the best results and prepare for the worst.Tomorrow is a crucial day!(Author Niu Qinqin)

No. [2011]28 of Beijing Zhengban Fa

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

　　The Opinions of the Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening on Strengthening the Management of Annual Forest Cutting Quota during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period of this Municipality have been approved by the municipal government and are hereby forwarded to you, please implement them carefully.

　　May 17, 2011　　

On strengthening the city’s "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period

Opinions on the management of forest cutting quota in

City Landscaping Bureau

　　In order to further strengthen the protection and management of forest resources, strictly implement the annual forest cutting quota, and ensure the steady growth of forest resources, according to the requirements of the Notice of the State Council Municipality on Approving the Examination Opinions of the National Forest Cutting Quota during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan (Guo Fa [2011] No.3), we hereby put forward the following opinions on doing a good job in the management of the annual forest cutting quota during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period in this Municipality.

　　First, strictly implement the annual forest cutting quota

　　With the approval of the State Council, the annual forest cutting quota of this city during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period is 400,000 cubic meters, which will be broken down according to the quota units. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period in this Municipality, the annual forest cutting quota and the sub-quota are the maximum amount of annual forest harvesting with a DBH of more than 5 cm. The relevant district and county governments and municipal forestry departments (including railway, highway, water supply, mining departments and units, Qinghe Farm, state-owned forest farms and nurseries directly under the Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening, the same below) must be strictly implemented and shall not be broken without authorization. Due to the national key project construction and major natural disasters, it is necessary to levy and occupy forest land or cut trees, and the annual forest cutting quota of this district and county cannot be met. After the application is reviewed, the Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening will solve it from the reserved indicators of this Municipality; If the annual forest cutting quota of this Municipality cannot be met, the municipal government shall submit it to the State Council for examination and approval in accordance with the regulations.

　　Tending cutting and other cutting of commercial forest can occupy the main cutting quota, and other sub-quotas are strictly prohibited from misappropriating or crowding each other. If there is a balance in the annual cutting quota of commercial forest, it can be carried forward to the following years during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period after being approved by the Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening. The cutting quota of public welfare forest is not allowed to be carried forward. Cutting quota should give priority to young and middle-aged forest tending, low-yield (effective) forest transformation and healthy forest management, so as to improve the stand structure and raise the forest quality.

　　Second, reform and improve the forest harvesting management system

　　During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the city’s annual timber production plan will be put on record, and the Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening will no longer approve and issue the annual timber production plan. The annual timber production plan of the relevant districts and counties shall be compiled by the competent department of landscaping according to the local forest resources, and the annual timber production plan of the municipal forestry department shall be compiled by itself, and forest harvesting activities shall be arranged according to the annual timber production plan. Next year’s timber production plan should be submitted to the Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening for the record before November 30 of that year.

　　Simplify the examination and approval of collective forest harvesting and implement the publicity system. Guide collective forest operators to work out forest management plans, and gradually realize the determination of forest cutting quotas based on forest management plans. The implementation of simple design of cutting areas, collective forest operators to cut before, during and after the independent management, landscaping departments to provide technical guidance and services. The main cutting age of commercial timber forest and the regeneration cutting age of farmland shelterbelt can be lower than one age class specified in the Table of Main Tree Species of Timber Forest.

　　Trees on the planned forest land are included in the management of cutting quota. Trees on non-planned forest land are not included in the management of cutting quota, and classified management is implemented and treated differently. Operators can operate independently and cut independently if conditions permit, and the specific management measures shall be formulated by the Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening.

　 　 　 　Third, handle the relationship between forest land protection and development

　　In accordance with the spirit of the State Council’s relevant reply, we will conscientiously implement the Outline of the National Woodland Protection and Utilization Plan (2010-2020), prepare plans for the protection and utilization of woodlands in cities, districts and counties, and gradually implement woodlands to hilltop plots. Improve the quota management system for requisition and occupation of forest land in this Municipality, implement the control of forest land use, strictly review all kinds of construction projects according to the forest land protection and utilization plan, go through the formalities for requisition and occupation of forest land according to law, and it is strictly forbidden to change the nature and scope of forest land without authorization. Actively promote the preparation of forest management planning in cities, districts and counties during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, determine the strategic objectives of forest management, refine forest functional zoning, and establish a sustainable forest management system with zoning policies and classified management. Accelerate the preparation of forest management plans, guide forest operators to prepare forest management plans, and gradually establish a new forest harvesting management system guided by forest management plans.

　　Fourth, control unreasonable consumption of forest resources

　　The relevant district and county landscaping departments should strictly implement the annual forest cutting quota and annual timber production plan, issue forest cutting licenses according to law, and prohibit over-planned cutting and unlicensed cutting. Cutting trees in state-owned forest farms needs to be investigated and designed by units with forestry investigation and design qualifications, and the investigation and design documents should be submitted. Renovation and afforestation of deforested areas such as transformation of residual forests and renewable cutting should be managed in strict accordance with technical regulations in accordance with the law. Strictly control the commercial transplantation of forest trees in forest land. Strengthen the protection of forest trees, seek the opinions of the competent department of landscaping in advance when the project is approved and the site selection is planned, optimize the design scheme according to the principle of "not occupying or occupying less forest land and cutting less trees", reduce the cutting and transplanting of trees, and resolutely avoid old trees and big trees. Where the felling and transplanting of forest trees in engineering construction involves the requisition and occupation of forest land, the examination procedures and approval documents for the requisition or occupation of forest land must be submitted. The relevant district and county landscaping departments and municipal forestry departments should strengthen the inspection and self-examination on the implementation of annual forest cutting quota, and submit the verification of annual forest cutting quota and the implementation of timber production plan to the Municipal Bureau of Landscaping before February 28th each year. The Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening regularly organizes inspections and reports relevant information and results in the whole city.

　　Five, the implementation of forest resources protection and management responsibilities

　　Ren conscientiously implemented the spirit of the Decision on Accelerating Forestry Development in Beijing (J.F. [2004] No.5) and the Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Collective Forest Right System (J.F. [2008] No.9) by the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, and fully understood the significance of strengthening the protection and management of forest resources, especially the management of annual forest harvesting quota, in building a "green Beijing" and a world city with China characteristics. The principal responsible comrades of the district and county governments are the first responsible persons for the protection and development of forest resources in their own areas, and the responsible comrades in charge are the main responsible persons for the protection and development of forest resources. It is necessary to incorporate the implementation of cutting quotas, forest land protection and management, forest coverage, forest stock, forest holdings and forest holdings into the government’s annual target assessment system, establish a target responsibility system for the protection and development of forest resources, and strictly supervise and assess. It is necessary to further strengthen the management of forest administration resources, strengthen team building and personnel training, improve the ability and level of administration according to law and standardize law enforcement, and take effective measures to resolutely crack down on illegal occupation of forest land, deforestation and other acts that destroy forest resources.

　　Attachment: Summary Table of Annual Forest Cutting Quota in Beijing during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period (omitted)

[Text/Observer Network Xu Ganang]

At the beginning of the year, Apple lowered its revenue expectations, and many suppliers subsequently "thundered".

On the 17th, Nidec, an Apple supplier, made a "double kill" on revenue and profit expectations. The CEO of the company, Yong Shou Chongxin, said that he had seen such a large monthly decline for the first time since he founded the company 46 years ago. He pointed out that China’s economic slowdown led to the deterioration of the business environment, and Sino-US trade friction was one of the main reasons for China’s economic slowdown.

On the same day, Taiwan, China TSMC also held a performance briefing, and it is predicted that the company’s revenue will reach the worst level in 10 years in the first quarter of this year.

According to the Asahi Shimbun, NEC held a press conference to cut its revenue forecast for FY 2019 by about 25%.Became the first time in 9 years (as of March 2010);At the same time, NEC also lowered its revenue profit forecast for 2018 by 13%.For the first time in six years.

NEC was established in 1973. The founder and current CEO of the company, Yong Shou Zhongxin (76 years old), said at the meeting."In the 46 years that I have led the operation, it is the first time that the monthly performance has fallen so sharply … The performance in November and December is simply unusual." He pointed out that China’s economic slowdown led to the deterioration of the business environment, and Sino-US trade friction was one of the main reasons for China’s economic slowdown.

Always keep faith. Photo from Asahi Shimbun

He also said that,Due to weak market demand in China, NEC cut its production capacity for China manufacturers by 30% at the end of 2018.

After the news came out, NEC fell more than 7% on the 18th, and as of 2: 07 pm local time, the decline narrowed to 1.09%.

According to the announcement released by TSMC’s official website on the 17th, the company expects its revenue in the first quarter of 2019 to be 7.3 billion to 7.4 billion US dollars.It decreased by about 22% from the previous month.According to the data of Refinitiv (formerly Thomson Reuters Financial Risk Business Department), according to the quarterly report,TSMC is expected to record its worst performance since its revenue plunged by 54% in the first quarter of 2009.

Figure from TSMC

In terms of gross profit margin, TSMC expects the first quarter data to be 43% to 45%. China securities journal pointed out that this is much lower than the market expectation of 47.53%. Specific to the business category, TSMC expects that the consumer business will increase slightly, and the industrial application will decline most obviously. Looking at the whole industry, TSMC expects that the inventory will be digested in the middle of the year, but the market size of Foundry (OEM) is flat.

For the whole year of 2019, TSMC expects revenue growth to be 1% to 3%, less than half of last year’s 6.5%.TSMC said it would reduce its capital expenditure by hundreds of millions of dollars accordingly.

As for the reasons for the decline in gross profit, TSMC spokesperson He Limei mentioned that "the sales of high-end mobile phones are less than expected" and "the demand in digital currency is weakened", which made the company’s 10nm process performance less sustainable. However, while the company’s 10nm business declined, 7nm revenue grew strongly, accounting for 23% in the fourth quarter of 2018 (10nm business accounted for 25% in the fourth quarter of 2017).

On the same day, TSMC’s US stocks opened lower and went higher, closing up 1.8% at $36.29.

It is worth noting that TSMC did not point out that "Apple’s mobile phone demand is weak" in the report of the day.

On January 3rd, Apple announced that it would cut its revenue forecast for the first quarter of 2019, and "dumped the pot" on China’s economic growth. Subsequently, its share price nearly "fell", and its market value evaporated by $74.1 billion in a single day (3rd). Observer Network noted that,The five star technology stocks "FAANG" of US stocks have shown an overall upward trend since 2019, and only Apple has fallen (compared with last year).

Annual k-line

At the end of last year, according to Observer.com, semiconductor manufacturers Qorvo, Cirrus Logic, optical component manufacturer Lumentum, and sensor manufacturer AMS.All four Apple suppliers have lowered their revenue expectations for Q4 2018. As of January 3, these four stocks also broke away from the US stock market’s "continuous rise in the New Year" and followed Apple’s decline.

Compared with the stock price on November 4, 2018, AMS fell by more than 20%.

"Thunderstorm" continues.

On January 9th, Skyworks, an Apple wireless and RF chip supplier, predicted that the company’s revenue in the first quarter of this year would be $970 million, which was lower than the earlier sales target of $1 billion to $1.02 billion. More than half of the company’s revenue is tied to Apple.

On the 14th, Dialog Semiconductor, an apple chip supplier, said that its sales in the fourth quarter of last year reached 431 million US dollars, only exceeding the previous worst expectation of 1 million US dollars. 75% of the company’s business is to provide chips for Apple.

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. It cannot be reproduced without authorization.

Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce (Market Supervision Administration):

　　In order to further promote the innovation of mass entrepreneurship, expand and deepen the application of the directory system of small and micro enterprises, and promote the rapid and healthy development of small and micro enterprises, the provincial bureau has added functional sections such as "business incubation base (park) display platform", "college graduates employment trainee base display platform" and "featured small and micro enterprises display platform" based on the directory system of small and micro enterprises in the province. The relevant work notice on strengthening the management of the above-mentioned exhibition platform is as follows, please implement it carefully.

　　
I. Guiding ideology

　　Thoroughly implement the Opinions of the State Council on Supporting the Healthy Development of Small and Micro Enterprises (Guo Fa [2014] No.52) and the Opinions of the Provincial Party Committee and Government on Promoting Simple Administration, Decentralization and Administration, Optimizing Service Reform and Creating a Good Development Environment (Liao Wei Ban Fa [2016] No.48) and Opinions on Building a Directory of Small and Micro Enterprises in the Province to Accelerate the Development of Small and Micro Enterprises (Liao Zheng Ban Fa [2016] No.12) Implement the deployment requirements of "Opinions on the Construction of Directory System of Small and Micro Enterprises in the Province in 2017" (Liaowei Enterprise Directory Office [2017] No.1), accelerate the construction of public service platform for small and micro enterprises, continuously optimize service measures, and improve the service efficiency of "double innovation". By adding exhibition platforms such as "business incubation base (park)", "employment internship base for college graduates" and "featured small and micro enterprises" to the directory system of small and micro enterprises in the province, we will promote the formation of an "integrated" work pattern such as resource sharing, factor docking, development space and professional services, and provide free "peer-to-peer" information services such as management guidance, business site, market development and internship training for the growth of small and micro enterprises and the employment of college graduates, and continuously improve small and micro enterprises in the province.

　　
Second, the task

　　(a) the opening of business incubator base (Park) display platform. Through the window of the "Business Incubation Base (Park) Exhibition Platform" of the province’s small and micro enterprise directory system, the resource sharing and element docking of business incubation bases (parks) will be promoted. According to the Guiding Opinions of the People’s Government of Liaoning Province on Vigorously Promoting the Construction of Entrepreneurship Bases for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (Liao Zhengfa [2015] No.44), the Notice of the People’s Government of Liaoning Province on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan for the Development Driven by Scientific and Technological Innovation in Liaoning Province (Liao Zhengfa [2015] No.30), and the Implementation Opinions of the People’s Government of Liaoning Province on Supporting Migrant Workers and Other Personnel to Return to their Homes for Entrepreneurship (Liao Zhengfa [2015] No.92 Publish the national, provincial and municipal small and micro enterprise entrepreneurship bases in a centralized and orderly manner, as well as large-scale directories such as science and technology business incubators (entrepreneurship parks), e-commerce entrepreneurship parks, maker spaces, entrepreneurial coffee, entrepreneurial workshops and other new creative spaces, university science parks, migrant workers’ hometown entrepreneurship parks, and modern agricultural entrepreneurship parks to publicize the basic situation, development orientation, outstanding features, service functions, etc. Provide convenient and efficient information services for establishing small and micro enterprises in business incubation bases (parks), and help business incubation bases (parks) to play an important role in cultivating entrepreneurial subjects, reducing entrepreneurial costs, promoting entrepreneurial innovation and expanding social employment.

　　(two) the opening of college graduates employment internship base display platform. Through the window of the province’s small and micro enterprise directory system "the exhibition platform of college graduates’ employment internship base", Centralized and orderly release of "Several Opinions of Liaoning Provincial People’s Government on Supporting College Students and Demobilized Veterans’ Entrepreneurial Innovation" (Liao Zhengfa [2015] No.54), "Implementation Opinions of the General Office of Liaoning Provincial People’s Government on Developing Creative Space to Promote Public Innovation and Entrepreneurship" (Liao Zhengfa [2015] No.94) and other documents related to "provincial entrepreneurial innovation practice base", "business incubation base for college students" and "University Science Park" And the large-scale directory of "College Students’ Employment Internship Bases" established by the private associations in the province, publicizing the basic situation, internship majors, internship positions, entrepreneurial projects, etc., providing convenient and efficient information services for college graduates to choose employment internship bases, and helping employment internship bases to better play an active role in supporting college graduates’ employment and entrepreneurship.

　　(3) Opening a platform for displaying small and micro enterprises with characteristics. Through the window of the "Featured Small and Micro Enterprises Exhibition Platform" of the province’s small and micro enterprise directory system, the list of demonstration small and micro enterprises with cultural characteristics, brand characteristics, local characteristics, industrial characteristics (new energy, new materials, e-commerce, information technology, biotechnology, energy conservation and environmental protection, health industry), agricultural characteristics, tourism characteristics, ethnic characteristics and other aspects will be selected and published in a targeted manner, and information such as basic information and operating products will be publicized. When selecting specific small and micro enterprises, we should pay attention to quality, strictly control credit, establish a dynamic management mechanism, promote the honest and law-abiding operation of small and micro enterprises and promote the construction of social credit system. Small and micro enterprises are responsible for the authenticity of the publicity content and make a written commitment, and at the same time provide proof materials related to publicity related data and related honors. Enterprises that fail to submit the annual report of the enterprise as required, and have bad credit records such as administrative punishment, abnormal business list and serious illegal enterprises list, shall not be released.

　　
Third, the job requirements

　　(1) improve ideological understanding. Supporting and serving the development of small and micro enterprises and building a directory system for small and micro enterprises are important tasks and specific tasks entrusted by the the State Council and provincial governments to the industrial and commercial departments under the new situation. The new "Three Decisions" of the Provincial Administration for Industry and Commerce approved by the provincial government identified "strengthening the development of service enterprises, vigorously supporting the development of small and micro enterprises, strengthening the construction and application of the directory system of small and micro enterprises in the province, and guiding and cultivating the sustainable and healthy development of enterprises" as the strengthened responsibilities of the industrial and commercial departments. Opening the business incubation base (park), the employment internship base for college graduates and the "three exhibition platforms" for small and micro enterprises with characteristics is a concrete measure to deepen the application of the directory system of small and micro enterprises in the province and support the development of small and micro enterprises. The industrial and commercial market supervision and management departments at all levels in the province should solve the problem of ideological understanding, stand on the height of implementing the general tone of "striving for progress while maintaining stability" economic work, promoting the reform of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" in coordination, strengthening the construction of business environment, and implementing the decision-making arrangements of the provincial party Committee and government, earnestly enhance the overall awareness, service awareness and responsibility awareness, strengthen organizational leadership, refine work measures, give full play to the advantages of functional teams and information systems, perform their duties, and build and manage the "three exhibitions"

　　(2) Strengthen coordination. In promoting the construction and management of the "three exhibition platforms", all localities should actively seek the support of local party committees and governments, take advantage of the working mechanism of the leading group for the construction of the directory system for small and micro enterprises, actively strengthen communication and coordination with the departments of industry and information technology, human society, science and technology, finance, commerce, education, agriculture commission, universities and other departments in determining the specific directory of the "three exhibition platforms" and organizing the release of publicity, and actively explore the establishment and improvement of the working mechanism for collaborative promotion. At the same time, strengthen the cooperation between small and micro enterprise service agencies, private associations and other departments (units) to form a joint effort to promote cooperation.

　　(3) Strict release procedures. According to the principle of "territorial management", the exhibition platform of business incubation base (park) and the exhibition platform of college graduates’ employment internship base are collected, reviewed and released by the small and micro enterprise service agency of the municipal bureau where the specific base is located, or directly released by the relevant industry authorities (the provincial bureau is responsible for providing technical support for release management). According to the principle of "hierarchical review", the directory and specific publicity contents of small and micro enterprises to be published on the featured small and micro enterprise display platform shall be organized and initially approved by the small and micro enterprise service agency of the municipal bureau where the enterprise is located, and reported to the small and micro enterprise service agency of the provincial bureau for issuance. Municipalities should establish and improve the internal publishing system, strictly grasp the scope of small and micro enterprises with characteristics in accordance with the relevant provisions of this notice, carefully review the credit status, upload the written commitment made by small and micro enterprises to the authenticity of the publicity content and the electronic photocopies of the certification materials related to the publicity content when reporting to the provincial bureau, and file and keep the original written commitment signed by the legal representative and stamped with the official seal of the enterprise, copies of relevant certification materials and other materials. In the process of promoting the construction and management of the "three exhibition platforms", we must adhere to the principle of fairness and justice, be serious about work discipline, and strictly abide by the requirements of clean government discipline.

　　

Gao Yuanyuan and Mark Chao: After nine years of marriage, their ending is already doomed.

Recently, Gao Yuanyuan Mark Chao and his wife, who haven’t heard any new news for a long time, were once again surrounded by the news of the marriage change, and their marriage was once again pushed to the forefront of public opinion with the revelation of the entertainment reporter’s sentence.

As usual, not explaining is their best explanation. Even after the storm, they joined hands again and held hands in the street. This time, people will still say that they are deliberately "whitewashing", but they still haven’t explained half a sentence.

This may be the helplessness of being a star. After the outside world finds something, whether they explain it or not can be evidence that they are "guilty".

It has been nine years since they got married in 2014. In these nine years, they have repeatedly passed on marriage changes. The reason is that they each had a rich love history before marriage. The outside world does not believe that these two "playing coffee" will accept their hearts and live a stable life.

But it was their "colorful" past experiences that made them meet, know each other and fall in love, and their ending was doomed from the beginning.

In fact, Gao Yuanyuan and Mark Chao are really alike. It seems inevitable that they will embark on the road of performing arts, but in fact they are full of all kinds of accidents.

Gao Yuanyuan is five years older than Mark Chao. On October 5, 1979, she was born in an ordinary family in Beijing. Her parents were both intellectuals. Originally, her life should be similar to that of her parents. She studied hard and changed her destiny by knowledge.

But she has a beautiful face that is hard to ignore. In 1996, when she was still in high school, she just went to Wangfujing with her classmates and bought a reference book. As a result, her beautiful face was discovered by a talent scout.

Then she was dragged to shoot an advertisement for ice cream, and officially entered the advertising industry. After that, she took many advertisements and became a "little rich woman" in the eyes of her classmates, most famous for the advertisement for Qingzui buccal tablets.

Because Gao Yuanyuan was not well-known at that time, everyone didn’t know her name, but she liked her very much, so she was given a nickname called "Qingzui Girl".

In fact, before she became a "girl with a clear mouth", Gao Yuanyuan had already stepped into the film and television circle. In 1997, her advertisement was seen by the director Zhang Yang, so she was dragged to make a movie called spicy love soup again with her high face value.

Although after this, Gao Yuanyuan also participated in the filming of some film and television works one after another, but at that time she had no interest in acting, and she didn’t consider art schools at all when she signed up for the college entrance examination.

Instead, she entered the China Institute of Labor Relations and majored in secretarial studies, because for her, her dream is to become an ordinary white-collar worker, then get married and have children as soon as possible and live a stable life.

But fate is a very "hanging" thing. The more you want something, the more you miss it. In 2003, Gao Yuanyuan was invited to participate in the TV series "Eternal Dragon Slayer".

In the play, she changed her former pure appearance and played Zhou Zhiruo, who would be "blackened" in the later period. Perhaps it was the change of her role that made Gao Yuanyuan suddenly interested in acting, and then she decided to continue this road of acting.

At that time, she must have imagined that she could find true love in the entertainment industry and then quickly enter the marriage hall. Unfortunately, the fact is that the original intention of getting married as soon as possible has involved her in one emotional storm after another.

When filming "The Dragon Slayer with Eternal Feelings", Gao Yuanyuan actually found his lover in the entertainment circle. This person is Zhang Yadong. They met in 2000 and fell in love with each other after meeting in the recording studio by chance.

But at that time, Zhang Yadong was married, and his wife was Dou Ying, the sister of singer Dou Wei. However, after he decided to stay with Gao Yuanyuan, he quickly divorced Dou Ying, which made Gao Yuanyuan bear the nickname of "Little Three" from now on.

Gao Yuanyuan’s love is to get married this time. In 2005, she said in front of the media that she wanted to marry and have children with Zhang Yadong. At that time, everyone thought it was a signal. It seems that they are going to make a positive result.

But the story developed in the opposite direction. A year later, the two of them broke up officially. As for the reason for the break-up, some people say that Gao Yuanyuan failed to urge marriage, so she could only stop loss in time, while others say that Xu Jinglei intervened.

But the reason is not important. The most important thing is that the result is a foregone conclusion. Zhang Yadong is not the only thrill that Gao Yuanyuan is looking for. Getting married and having children is still an unfinished dream for her at that time.

Just when Gao Yuanyuan, the "goddess", was secretly saddened, Mark Chao, who was far away from Canada, was also very confused. He was born in Taiwan Province in 1984, and his parents were both entertainers in Taiwan Province.

Especially his father Zhao Shuhai, who is both an actor, singer and host, is highly respected in the entertainment industry in Taiwan Province. Supposedly, as the "second generation of stars", the best way for Mark Chao is performing arts.

But it happened that his father was firmly opposed to his son following in his father’s footsteps. In order to stop him from thinking about it, he was sent to Canada to study at the age of 12, and this year Gao Yuanyuan was discovered by scouts and began to shoot advertisements.

Originally, Mark Chao wanted to study in Canada with peace of mind, but he inherited his parents’ excellent genes perfectly. He was born with a handsome appearance and was pursued by a group of girls since he was a child.

Therefore, Mark Chao, who lives in Canada, had a sweet campus love although his studies were a little boring for him. However, the campus love was always short-lived. It is said that after Mark Chao was admitted to the business department of Columbia University, they parted ways.

After that, Mark Chao finished his business studies step by step. After graduating from college in 2007, he also found a white-collar job, which was regarded as helping his future wife Gao Yuanyuan from a distance and fulfilling his dream.

But unlike Gao Yuanyuan, he didn’t yearn for a stable job. Since he was a child, he was still full of illusions about the entertainment industry, so he resigned and returned to Taiwan Province, and he also showed his cards to his father.

Zhao Shuhai had to temporarily agree, but only gave him two years, two years can’t make any achievements, he will go back to Canada to continue to be his white-collar worker.

I have to say, Mark Chao is really lucky. With his father Zhao Shuhai’s fame and his handsome appearance, he was just about to enter the entertainment circle in Taiwan Province, and the TV series "Rogue Hero" came to you and let him play the leading role.

And because the director of the play, Cai Yuexun, is also a second-generation star, he took care of Mark Chao in the cast and hoped that Mark Chao could prove himself by this play, so the surprise happened.

At the 44th Taiwan Golden Bell Awards held in 2009, Mark Chao unexpectedly overwhelmed the popular candidate Vic Zhou and won the "Emperor-depending" award.

Although with this award, my father could not stop him from becoming an actor, but he was also labeled as "fighting dad", and Mark Chao was not very upset about it. After all, he was in love at that time.

It is reported that during the filming of "Rogue Hero", Mark Chao had an affair with two actresses, Chen Yihan and Zhang Junning. I thought this was just the usual means to promote TV series, but the affair between Mark Chao and Zhang Junning was true.

Zhang Junning is two years older than Mark Chao. Not only is he beautiful, he has a high degree of education, but his family conditions are also very good. His parents are both senior intellectuals. Supposedly, they are talented and beautiful, and even if they are officially announced, they will be blessed by fans.

However, this relationship has been going on in secret. It is said that Zhang Junning didn’t want to announce it, and Mark Chao had to compromise. After seeing his son so humble in this relationship, Zhao Shuhai began to have some dissatisfaction with Zhang Junning.

Therefore, under the influence of various factors, Mark Chao finally broke up with Zhang Junning. At the same time, Gao Yuanyuan, who is far away from Beijing, has a messy love life.

After breaking up with Zhang Yadong, Gao Yuanyuan met Xia Yu while participating in the drama "Affair", and then they were photographed by reporters going home together.

To the outside world, Xia Yu and Yolanda have always been a couple. Their love began on campus, and their feelings were very beautiful and stable. Therefore, when the news broke, everyone began to attack Gao Yuanyuan.

Coupled with her history with Zhang Yadong, at that time, Gao Yuanyuan’s comments fell to the bottom, and the label of "Usual Three" was also affixed.

But Gao Yuanyuan is also very wronged, because Xia Yu and Yolanda did break up at that time, but they didn’t announce it to the outside world. She has been waiting for Xia Yu to give a reasonable explanation to the outside world and help her get rid of the trumped-up charges.

However, Xia Yu remained silent all the time, and Xia Yu’s attitude eventually led them to break up. After breaking up, Xia Yu returned to Yolanda’s arms, leaving her with a stigma and never being forgiven by the outside world.

Although Zhuo Wei, a well-known entertainer, later clarified the truth of this matter for her, for most people, they don’t care what the truth is. They only enjoy the process of "eating melons", so Gao Yuanyuan has been "carrying the pot" for many years.

Fortunately, this incident did not affect her acting career. After that, she successively filmed Nanjing! Nanjing! Excellent films such as "Driverless" and "Unmanned Driving", and when she worked hard for her career, another relationship came quietly.

This time, Gao Yuanyuan fell in love with the actor Calvin. Their relationship was not complicated or controversial. Since it was exposed by reporters in 2009, their relationship has been very stable.

Supposedly, this blessed love affair should bear fruit, but this time it still backfired. After two years of love, they broke up because they got together less and left more, and Gao Yuanyuan became a loner again.

It was also from this time that the gear of fate finally began to rotate rapidly. In October 2011, the two people who had their own arrangements finally met in the "Search" crew.

At that time, their last relationship had just ended, and in Search, they were going to stage a love story, but under the contrast of the plot, they were full of ambiguity in the crew.

So that we can’t tell which is the feature film and which is the shooting tidbits, and the whole group also picked up their CP conveniently. After the film was released, the two people who were full of CP have always been the focus of netizens’ attention.

But what we didn’t expect was that just when we were all expecting them to really get together, they really talked about love and quickly announced it.

Although there are many people who object to this relationship, especially Gao Yuanyuan’s male powder, after all, Gao Yuanyuan is a "tiger goddess". She has a lot of male powder and treats her as a wife. Mark Chao can fall in love with her, and for them, it is only "the hate of taking his wife".

But calm down, in fact, they are really a good match, and they are really suitable. Even if Gao Yuanyuan is five years older than Mark Chao, it is not a problem at all to put age before true love.

And Gao Yuanyuan and Mark Chao, they are each other’s true love, Gao Yuanyuan is willing to announce their love affair, which makes up for the regret of Mark Chao’s last love affair, while Mark Chao, who was single before falling in love with her, keeps Gao Yuanyuan away from the fate of "being the third".

But what delighted Gao Yuanyuan the most was that when she fell in love with her, Mark Chao also rushed to get married. After two years of love, they entered the marriage hall hand in hand.

Supposedly, after the marriage is completed, the outside world should put away the questioning voice, but in fact, it didn’t. On the contrary, it became louder. At first, they didn’t like this marriage because they didn’t like the relationship between Gao Yuanyuan and her husband’s family.

In front of the media, Mark Chao’s father, Zhao Shuhai, always looks like he has the final say at home. When he marries into his house, he must strictly abide by the family rules. He is not easy to get along with at all.

Plus, after five years of marriage, there was no news of Gao Yuanyuan’s pregnancy, which naturally lowered her position in her husband’s family, but this was broken in 2019. Gao Yuanyuan successfully gave birth to a daughter for Mark Chao, and her husband’s family naturally had nothing to say.

Since giving birth to her daughter, Gao Yuanyuan’s acting career has been put on hold for the time being, while at the same time, Mark Chao’s acting career has developed very hot, and he has become a popular actor since shooting the hit drama to the sky kingdom.

After that, he co-starred with Sun Li in the TV series "The Ideal City" and with Gong Li in the movie "Lanxin Grand Theatre". Obviously, at this time, he has already enjoyed a prosperous domestic entertainment, which is far more popular than his wife Gao Yuanyuan.

At this time, the career gap has become the evidence that the outside world has ruined their marriage. Some people even took photos of Gao Yuanyuan’s serious postpartum aging as a basis to overthrow the fact that their marriage is very happy.

For these rumors, Gao Yuanyuan and Mark Chao have never explained anything. They just hold hands outside as usual, and as usual, a picture of a happy couple will be staged. Under such an atmosphere, the doubts from the outside world are naturally much smaller.

But every once in a while, doubts will get louder. Not long ago, rumors about Gao Yuanyuan and Mark Chao’s suspected marriage changed again on the Internet. This time, of course, they have no reason to explain. After all, people who believe or don’t believe will not change anything.

After nine years’ marriage, their ending has already been doomed. Gao Yuanyuan has always been a family-hungry person. After marrying Mark Chao, she consciously became the little woman behind Mark Chao, and it was her own choice to return to the family.

But she didn’t give up her career completely. She had her own company, and in 2022, she returned briefly and starred in a TV series called Perfect Companion.

Gao Yuanyuan has always been sober. She knows that she is not a talented actress. After many years of debut, her acting career can only be regarded as quite satisfactory, not amazing, so even if she really reduces the frequency of filming, it is normal.

But as long as she wants to film, her husband Mark Chao will give her the greatest support, that is, stay at home and look after her daughter, so that she has no worries, as Mark Chao did when filming Perfect Companion.

Therefore, we can see a phenomenon, that is, since the birth of her daughter, not only Gao Yuanyuan has not worked as hard as before, but Mark Chao has also relatively slowed down the pace of progress.

This happens to reflect the importance they attach to their families. They have always been in the same frequency or complementary mode, and they will certainly continue to be happy.

As for their means of maintaining happiness, they naturally summed it up from their previous feelings, so their happy ending has long been doomed.

Too sudden.

The actor Tu Men, who won the Golden Horse Award for "The Old Beast", died of esophageal cancer at 3: 50 am (December 12) at the age of 61.

Jia Zhangke, Huang Xuan and Kara Wai lamented that cooperation was not long ago.

Hearing the name, you may not be able to match his face.

But there are always a few of these characters that will surprise you.

Oh, it’s him.

His role basically falls into two categories:

Overlord.

He is Zuo Lengchan in CCTV’s the legendary swordsman, Genghis Khan in A Generation of Tianjiao Genghis Khan and Khan in Wang Zhaojun.

Stubborn old man.

He is the father who fought against death in Farewell, the wild "old bastard" in Old Beast, and the father-in-law who loves his daughter in Wuhai.

Good acting, stubborn temper and low profile.

This is everyone’s impression of him.

In the past few years after winning the prize, he has received more attention, and there are several new films to be shown.

Just when we were expecting his acting career to enter another peak, we didn’t expect him to suddenly leave.

Today, in this article, we miss the indelible roles left by Tu people.

Tu people once introduced themselves like this:

"My name is Tumen, and I am a muddled person who has no deeper thoughts."

This abbreviation is actually because his full name of Ewenki is too long.

You can tell from the name that this person is rebellious and exemplary.

Born into an intellectual family in Hulunbeier in 1960, Tumen was admitted to the Chinese Department of Inner Mongolia University.

At that time, it was more difficult to get into college than to get into heaven. Because of his longing for Shanghai, he resolutely went to Shanghai Theatre Academy under the fierce opposition of his family.

Rushed out of the grassland.

But the ties of his hometown always call him.

In 1985, in his junior year, he was selected by the cast of Genghis Khan and enthusiastically played the general under Genghis Khan.

Since then, it has been out of control, from Genghis Khan to Jieli Khan, and he has been a "grassland king" for quite a while.

Why do you always choose tu men?

Because as soon as he plays, the audience will be convinced.

Mongolian man with standard appearance grew up on horseback.

In "Sad Brooke", this classic scene:

A hip flask, throw it at once and take turns drinking.

I finally had a good time.

In order to create a wild grassland man, Balai, he really wants to drink while filming.

Riding a horse "drunk driving":

At that time, we started drinking white wine when we arrived at the set in the morning, walked around the grass, chatted and finished drinking, and started shooting in the afternoon when the light was good. I went to run the route first to see if there were any rat holes and marmot holes in case the horse slipped. Before I got on the horse, I drank half a bottle of 60-degree white wine.

Taking this role, Tu won the collective performance award of the 16th Golden Rooster Award and the nomination of best supporting actor in Southeast Asia International Film Festival.

This powerful aura spread to later films.

In "Old Beast", Tumen rode the electric car out of Harley’s imposing manner.

I am a person who can ride a horse, and we also pay attention to the posture of riding a horse. From an early age, we knew which one was ugly and which one was really handsome. Whether it’s an electric car or a bicycle, riding any car has a posture. The old beast’s electric car is too small. After I got on it, it was a little bit uncoordinated and my legs couldn’t stretch straight. It can only be like this. There is no horse to ride, and there is no Harley to ride.

If he is heroic and domineering, it is a gift given to him by the nation.

So being good at multiple languages will make Tu people make their own way in "rough" and "wild".

Tumen are proficient in four languages: Ewenki, Daur, Mandarin and Mongolian.

Degena said that Tu’s lines were too clear. When filming Farewell, he asked Tu to speak less standard Mandarin, and he didn’t feel like an old Mongolian (the role was Mongolian).

Old beast is a new name for 57-year-old Tumen.

But the earlier transformation began with Degena’s Farewell.

Degena’s father, Saif, is the director of Sad Brook and Genghis Khan, and a close friend of Tumen for many years.

Farewell is Degena’s adaptation based on the real events of himself and his father.

Tumen said that taking the play was "a disaster."

He played an all-powerful hero for half his life.

The first time I entered a realistic film, I wanted to play my dead old friend.

So well-known mentor, to play him, according to his manners and tone, his mind is full of him, but he is gone.

-Interview with Tumen: When the Old Beast Tears.

In order to perform the role in chemotherapy.

I didn’t use makeup or styling, but shaved my hair and eyebrows.

△ Tu were nominated for the Best Actor Award in the 9th FIRST Youth Film Exhibition.

The performance of Farewell is as deep as water.

The degree of "Old Beast" is particularly strong.

"’Lao Yang’ is a clown, swearing when he opens his mouth, and he is an’ old bastard’. "

How to find the feeling of the characters?

He has been filming for 23 days without a script.

Disrespect for the role? Or did you recite all the lines?

The shaping of characters is done before shooting, not after shooting, and this character has already entered my body before shooting.

"Has entered the role" is not a polite word.

He no longer "plays" the role because he is the role itself.

After meeting Zhou Ziyang for the first time, Tu people saw him off, passed by the canteen, took something at hand, and ate while walking without paying.

When the boarding pass was changed at the airport, Tu took the director’s ID card and went straight to the front of the line.

Instead of cutting in line, the Tumen patted the front passenger on the shoulder. "I don’t have any luggage. I’m in a hurry. Can I come first?"

Because-"Lao Yang never lines up."

Outside the film, there is a deep understanding of Tu’s immersion in the role. In the film, there is the multi-level and complexity of Lao Yang’s image.

Some people are disrespectful for the elderly, eating, drinking, whoring and gambling, and misappropriating the wife’s life-saving surgery expenses.

There is stubbornness in bringing the unfilial son who kidnapped him to court, and loneliness and sadness abandoned by the times.

In and out of the play, the Tu people are careful about the roles.

The award that everyone admires is very weak.

In the top film event, during the golden horse award presentation, everyone else is personable and bright-eyed.

He was the only one who couldn’t bear it and dozed off …

Woke up, defeated Bo Huang, Takeshi Kaneshiro and other big names, and took the best actor.

I also humbly said that I didn’t encounter any difficulties in filming, and it was "good luck" to win prizes.

He is also sober and indifferent to the admiration that has poured in:

In the past, all the princes and nobles came to you. After you played Farewell, all the cancer patients came to you. You played Old Beast, and all the old bastards came to you …

At this time, the Tu people had greater ambitions.

Be a director and make a movie.

He produced Hulunbeier City, a film about the Ewenki people’s "death and survival", which became an extension of the national blood.

Men responded to the call to fight, and the old, weak, women and children left behind went through the test of life and death, and reproduction became the biggest crisis of Ewenki nationality.

The man in this grassland is also very "grassland" in the way of filming.

He knows how to fear nature.

Everything is animistic. We went to the grassland. No matter from the mode of production or the way of life, I may have to go a long way to see you. I can only see you for at least eight hours, and I may pass by your house once every two days. I have to resist the cold and live in harmony with nature, so that the feelings between people will be more prominent on the grassland.

Jinma’s doze was because he was filming the director’s debut film Hulunbeier City.

He is waiting for a real snowstorm.

Because there will be the only snowstorm in the whole year the next day, if you don’t shoot, you will miss it.

Blowers don’t work so well.

Others think that he is just playing with tickets and can only shoot ethnic themes.

But later, he dabbled in the rivers and lakes of pleasure and enmity, filmed "Heaven is Unforgettable", and was also shortlisted for Pingyao this year.

Have your own movie.

Being an actor is not idle, and the cooperation is basically young directors:

The Last Truth directed by Li Taige and Happy Travel directed by Liang Ming.

Just last month, in the variety show "Director’s Advice", Tu also appeared in Wu Zhongtian’s "Sale", playing a father who is waiting for an enemy to come to the door.

He still looks energetic and vigorous, and discusses the play with the director meticulously.

Stepping into old age, I am still full of courage and running on the road day and night.

But this old horse won’t stop.

But suddenly fell down in the running.

Unfortunately.

But perhaps, it doesn’t matter how many roads you can catch in the end. What’s important is that this is the gesture that Ma was born with.

Sir is willing to believe that this "old beast" has not fallen.

He must still be somewhere, continuing to fly and never stopping.

All around, there is no one.

The picture in this article comes from the Internet.

Editor’s Assistant: North of Xibei