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In order to promote animal epidemiological investigation in accordance with the law, master the occurrence regularity of major animal diseases such as highly pathogenic avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease, judge the occurrence risk and epidemic trend of animal diseases, scientifically evaluate the epidemic situation and prevention and control effect of animal diseases, and improve the prediction and early warning, risk prevention, emergency response ability and prevention and control level of major animal diseases, according to the 2010 National Animal Disease Monitoring Plan, our department organized and formulated the 2010 National Epidemiological Investigation Plan for Major Animal Diseases such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Foot-and-mouth Disease. It is issued to you, please follow it.

I. Guiding ideology

Promote animal epidemiological investigation in accordance with the law, fully grasp the occurrence regularity of major animal diseases such as highly pathogenic avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease, scientifically judge the occurrence risk and epidemic trend of animal diseases, systematically evaluate the epidemic situation and prevention and control effect of animal diseases, and continuously improve the forecasting and early warning, risk prevention, emergency response ability and prevention and control level of major animal diseases.

Second, the investigation method

According to different investigation purposes and tasks, the following three investigation methods are set:

(1) Emergency epidemiological investigation

When one of the following situations occurs:

1 suspected or confirmed the occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza and other major animal diseases;

2. Suspect or confirm the occurrence of exotic animal diseases such as mad cow disease;

3. The epidemic characteristics of major animal diseases such as swine fever have changed obviously;

4. The exterminated diseases such as rinderpest happen again.

The animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall timely organize the implementation of on-the-spot, retrospective and follow-up investigations, find risk factors, judge the diffusion trend, evaluate the prevention and control effect, and improve the scientific nature of emergency response to major animal diseases. See Annex 1 for the specific scheme.

(2) Designated epidemiological investigation

China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology and provincial animal epidemic prevention and control institutions should set up epidemiological investigation points in key areas (mainly where the national animal epidemic monitoring station and the border epidemic monitoring station are located), continuously monitor the changes of risk factors in animal breeding, immunization, circulation and slaughter, and combine the serological and pathogenic monitoring results of specific animal diseases to predict the epidemic development trend, evaluate the effect of epidemic prevention and control, and improve the pertinence of prevention and control work. See Annex 2 for the specific scheme.

(3) Special epidemiological investigation

In view of the specific problems encountered in the prevention and control of major animal diseases, China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology and relevant provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions timely launched special investigations and studies to provide decision-making consultation for animal husbandry and veterinary authorities. See Annex 3 for the specific scheme.

Third, the division of responsibilities

(1) The Ministry of Agriculture shall be in charge of the national epidemiological investigation of animal diseases, formulate and publish the national epidemiological investigation plan of animal diseases according to the national prevention and control situation, and organize its implementation. The Epidemiology Sub-committee of the National Committee of Experts on Animal Epidemic Prevention undertakes the examination and approval, demonstration, consultation and technical support of the national animal epidemic epidemiological investigation plan and important investigation conclusions.

(two) the competent departments of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall, in accordance with this plan, formulate work plans within their respective jurisdictions in light of local actual conditions. Provincial animal epidemic prevention and control institutions shall implement the epidemiological investigation within their respective jurisdictions, and supervise and guide the epidemiological investigation of national animal epidemic monitoring stations and border epidemic monitoring stations within their respective jurisdictions. The provincial animal epidemiological investigation expert group undertakes technical support and training within its jurisdiction.

(three) the epidemiological investigation task force set up by the animal disease prevention and control institutions at the city and county levels shall specifically implement the epidemiological investigation work within their respective jurisdictions. The national animal epidemic monitoring station and the border epidemic monitoring station shall, in accordance with the requirements of this plan, undertake the epidemiological investigation and evaluation of animal diseases in the designated area and submit the epidemiological investigation information regularly.

(4) The China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology coordinates the sub-centers and relevant veterinary laboratories, and undertakes the epidemiological investigation, analysis and evaluation, technical guidance and training of major animal diseases in China; Summarize the national epidemiological investigation and testing data, and organize the drafting of epidemiological investigation and evaluation reports. Sub-centers and relevant veterinary laboratories shall undertake or participate in the investigation, detection, analysis and evaluation of animal diseases respectively in accordance with the provisions of this plan. When necessary, the relevant veterinary laboratories shall participate in the epidemiological investigation of major animal diseases according to the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture.

Fourth, the job requirements

(1) Strengthen leadership and clarify responsibilities.Local animal husbandry and veterinary departments at all levels should strengthen leadership, formulate work plans within their respective jurisdictions as soon as possible, coordinate relevant departments to incorporate the required funds into local fiscal budgets, and incorporate epidemiological investigation into the key work of animal epidemic prevention assessment; Ensure that animal disease prevention and control institutions organize epidemiological investigations, and coordinate animal husbandry and veterinary technology extension institutions and animal health supervision institutions to provide data on animal husbandry production and quarantine supervision. All fixed-point contact working groups should strengthen supervision and inspection of epidemiological investigations in various places. If the organization, responsibility mechanism and technical force are not fully implemented, informed criticism should be carried out. Those who affect the prevention and control of major animal diseases and cause the spread of the epidemic should be investigated for responsibility according to law.

(2) Scientific, standardized and coordinated.Local animal disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall, in accordance with the scope, procedures and requirements specified in Annex 1, conduct emergency epidemiological investigations in a comprehensive, standardized and timely manner; China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center shall, in accordance with the tasks specified in Annexes 2 and 3, strengthen the integration of resources according to the monitoring scope specified in the 2010 National Animal Disease Monitoring Plan, coordinate the sub-centers, relevant professional laboratories, local animal disease prevention and control institutions at all levels and national animal epidemic monitoring and reporting stations (border monitoring stations), and carry out fixed-point investigations and special investigations in an orderly manner.

(3) Strengthen technical support and improve the communication mechanism.China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology should further improve the database of animal epidemiology, timely develop relevant investigation software, mature investigation and evaluation technology, establish training programs, and strengthen technology popularization; Strengthen epidemiological analysis and evaluation, and report the progress of epidemiological investigation to the Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture in a timely manner. Provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions should improve the epidemiological investigation, analysis and evaluation and work report mechanism, and improve the technical support capacity in a planned way. City and county animal epidemic prevention and control institutions should carry out epidemiological investigation systematically and standardly, timely and accurately submit information, conduct regular assessment, and provide technical support for animal epidemic prediction and early warning and emergency response. Each sub-center shall report the progress of the investigation to China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center in a timely manner according to the requirements of this plan.

China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center and its sub-centers, after conducting epidemiological investigation, should exchange opinions and results on epidemiological investigation with relevant provinces in time.

V. Others

China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology should, before March, jointly with relevant parties, draft a specific implementation plan for fixed-point epidemiological investigation and special epidemiological investigation, which will be considered and adopted by the Epidemiology Branch Committee of the National Committee of Experts on Animal Epidemic Prevention and approved by the Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, and organized and implemented as soon as possible.

　

Annex 1: Work Program of Emergency Epidemiological Investigation

　　　　 2. Fixed-point epidemiological investigation work plan

　　　　 3. Special epidemiological investigation work plan

　

Attachment 1:

Work plan of emergency epidemiological investigation

　

I. Scope

Suspect or confirm the occurrence of the following circumstances, the provincial veterinary administrative department shall organize the animal epidemic prevention and control institutions in this province to start the emergency epidemiological investigation according to the requirements of this scheme, and fill in the emergency epidemic questionnaire in time:

(1) Highly pathogenic avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease, highly pathogenic porcine blue ear disease, anthrax and rabies;

(two) the incidence or epidemic characteristics of major animal diseases such as swine fever, Newcastle disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis and bluetongue have changed abnormally;

(3) Exotic animal diseases such as Petit Ruminant, Mad Cow Disease and African Classical Swine Fever;

(four) rinderpest, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and other eliminated diseases occur again;

(five) new cases such as swine influenza A (H1N1) and other epidemics with outbreaks or unknown causes.

Second, the purpose and task

(1) Defining the occurrence of epidemic diseases;

(two) to explore the causes and risk factors;

(three) analysis of the possible diffusion range;

(four) forecast the epidemic outbreak or epidemic trend, and put forward suggestions on control measures;

(5) Evaluate the effect of control measures.

Third, the working procedure

(a) the county-level animal disease prevention and control institutions shall immediately verify the information, conduct a preliminary investigation and report the epidemic situation according to the regulations after receiving the report of suspected emergency epidemic situation.

After receiving the report, the provincial veterinary administrative department immediately organized the provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions to carry out on-site epidemiological investigation.

(2) After further verifying the situation, the field investigators shall collect relevant information in detail, comprehensively and accurately according to the requirements of the corresponding emergency epidemiological questionnaire (Schedules 1-6) and fill in the questionnaire.

(3) On-site investigators shall, according to the investigation, describe the current situation of animal epidemic (space, time and inter-group distribution, etc.), analyze the source of epidemic, judge the development trend of epidemic, put forward suggestions on control measures, and form an investigation and evaluation report. When the spread of the epidemic is suspected, follow-up investigation should be carried out in high-risk areas.

(four) the provincial epidemiological investigation expert group shall review the investigation and evaluation report and its conclusions formed by the on-site investigators.

(five) when necessary, the China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology and related sub-centers shall send an expert group to carry out on-site epidemiological investigation, and organize special investigations such as economic losses and assessment of prevention and control measures.

Fourth, the job requirements

(a) the provincial epidemiological investigation expert group shall review the investigation and evaluation report and its conclusions formed by the on-site investigators, and the audit opinions shall serve as an important basis for lifting the blockade of major animal epidemics.

(two) before the blockade of the epidemic situation is lifted, the provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions shall report the audit opinions of the epidemiological questionnaire, the on-site investigation and evaluation report and the provincial epidemiological investigation expert group to the China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center for the record.

(III) China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology should improve the software of emergency epidemiological investigation as soon as possible, do a good job in technology popularization, make timely assessment of emergency measures and diffusion risks of emergency epidemic, summarize and analyze epidemic laws, and regularly report to the Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture.

(four) local animal disease prevention and control institutions at all levels should make clear that the person in charge of animal epidemiology questionnaire is responsible for the work.

　

Attachment 2:

Work plan of fixed-point epidemiological investigation

　

I. Routine epidemiological investigation

The national animal epidemic monitoring station and the border animal epidemic monitoring station shall, in accordance with the requirements of this plan, do a good job in the investigation of animal husbandry production, animal immunity, slaughtering and processing and livestock and poultry prices (reflecting the circulation of animals) in the county where they are located, and analyze the development trend of local epidemic situation in combination with the monitoring data of major local animal diseases.

The national animal epidemic monitoring stations and border animal epidemic monitoring stations shall regularly submit the following epidemiological investigation information to the provincial animal epidemic prevention and control institutions and the China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology.

(1) Fill in the information on dog breeding and rabies immunization in 2009 before April 30 (see Schedule 7 for the report format);

(two) before June 30, fill in the information of animal husbandry production and slaughter processing in 2009 (see Annex 8 for the report format);

(three) before the end of each month, fill in the price information of livestock and poultry from the 21st of last month to the 20th of this month (see Table 9 for the report format);

(4) Submit the annual work report before December 15th.

Second, the provincial designated epidemiological investigation

The competent animal husbandry and veterinary departments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall, according to the actual situation of prevention and control of major local animal diseases, formulate the designated epidemiological investigation plan within their respective jurisdictions, and establish and improve the working mechanism of designated epidemiological investigation.

Animal disease prevention and control institutions in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) should set up epidemiological investigation points according to diseases, regularly carry out fixed-point investigations on major poultry diseases such as highly pathogenic avian influenza and Newcastle disease, major livestock diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, swine fever and porcine blue ear disease, and major zoonosis such as animal brucellosis and tuberculosis, and analyze the epidemic development trend within their respective jurisdictions in combination with the situation of animal husbandry production, animal immunization, slaughter and processing and livestock and poultry circulation in this province, and report to animals in China before December 20.

Third, the national sentinel epidemiological survey

(1) Fixed-point investigation of poultry epidemics

1.Purpose.To understand the immunity, infection and pathogen variation of avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, infectious bursal disease, viral arthritis, and major immunosuppressive diseases such as subtype J leukemia, reticuloendotheliosis and Marek’s disease in China.

2.Range.In Jilin, Tianjin, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Ningxia, Guangdong, Hainan and other 12 provinces, three counties (cities, districts) where animal epidemic monitoring stations are located are selected as designated investigation points.

3.Method of investigation.① Investigation of clinical healthy poultry flocks: Seven sampling points (three scale farms, one administrative village and three live poultry trading markets) were selected from each investigation point, and swabs and serum samples of 30 poultry were collected simultaneously for testing, which was carried out once in March-May and September-November respectively. ② Investigation of sick birds: According to the clinical symptoms and the detection requirements of suspected epidemic diseases, the designated investigation provinces or counties collected samples of suspected sick birds and sent them to China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center for detection.

4.Undertaking unit.China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center and relevant provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions jointly implemented.

(2) Investigation of swine epidemic disease

1.Purpose.Master the development trend of swine epidemic disease; To monitor the molecular epidemiology and genetic evolution of the main pathogens of swine epidemic diseases.

2.Range.In Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan and other 10 provinces and regions to carry out fixed-point epidemiological investigation.

3.Way.① Investigation of clinical healthy pigs: According to the principle of representativeness, five slaughterhouses (1 provincial capital city, 2 prefecture-level cities and 2 county-level cities) were selected in each province to carry out epidemiological investigation and sampling detection, and 15 serum and tissue samples were collected from each slaughterhouse simultaneously, which was carried out once in March-May and September-November respectively. ② Investigation of diseased pigs: Each province shall submit at least 25 samples of diseased pigs to China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology every six months. When necessary, China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology will conduct special epidemiological investigation and detection in relevant provinces according to the epidemic situation.

4.Undertaking unit.China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Lanzhou Sub-center, animal disease prevention and control institutions of relevant provinces.

(3) Fixed-point investigation of swine flu

1.Purpose.Monitor the epidemic dynamics of swine flu and the genetic evolution of the pathogen.

2.Range.Investigation on epidemic diseases in the same pig herd.

3.Ways and means.Five slaughterhouses (one in the provincial capital city, two in the prefecture-level city and two in the county-level city) and three pig farms were selected to carry out epidemiological investigation and sampling inspection in the key areas of pig raising in each province. 15 serum and nasal swabs were collected simultaneously in each slaughterhouse and pig farm, and were carried out once in March-May and September-November respectively. Every six months, all provinces send 25 samples of suspected sick pigs with influenza to China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology. When necessary, China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology will conduct special epidemiological investigation and detection in relevant provinces according to the epidemic situation.

4.Undertaking unit.China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center and relevant provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions.

(4) Investigation on animal brucellosis and tuberculosis

1.Purpose.To understand the infection and incidence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in dairy cows and sheep, and analyze the epidemic characteristics and risk factors.

2.Range.In Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xizang, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, Shandong, Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing and other 16 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), three national animal epidemic monitoring stations (border epidemic monitoring stations) with a large number of cows and sheep were selected as epidemiological investigation points.

3.Way.① Routine sampling: epidemiological investigation was carried out in the county where the investigation point was located, and 500 blood samples of dairy cows and sheep were collected from free-range households, large-scale farms and slaughterhouses in each county for testing. The specific organization and implementation of each province, China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology provides unified training on diagnostic reagents and detection techniques, rechecks positive samples, and summarizes relevant investigation and detection data at the end of the year. ② Collection of disease samples: all provinces collect aborted fetuses from cattle and sheep, cull tuberculosis-positive cattle and diseased cattle lungs or lymph nodes in slaughterhouses, store the diseased materials at -20℃, and send them to the monitoring room of China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center for testing regularly (no less than 10 samples per province every year).

(4) Undertaking unit. China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry and the relevant provincial animal disease prevention and control centers have formulated specific work plans and jointly implemented them.

(5) Investigation of schistosomiasis

Shanghai Sub-center should continue to carry out epidemiological investigation and monitoring of schistosomiasis at the designated schistosomiasis monitoring points.

　

Attachment 3:

Work plan of special epidemiological investigation

　

First, the investigation of clinical application of vaccine

(1) Scope. Highly pathogenic porcine blue ear disease live vaccine, classical strain porcine blue ear disease vaccine, highly pathogenic porcine blue ear disease inactivated vaccine; Classical swine fever spleen drenching vaccine, classical swine fever primary cell vaccine, classical swine fever subculture cell vaccine; Asia I -O bivalent foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine, O foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (including inactivated vaccine and synthetic peptide vaccine).

(2) indicators. Clinical application scope, safety, effectiveness, etc.

(3) scope. ① Classical swine fever vaccine and porcine blue ear disease vaccine: carried out in 11 provinces and regions such as Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan and Sichuan; ② Foot-and-mouth disease vaccine: carried out in 14 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities including Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Henan, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi.

(4) method. The evaluation of porcine blue ear disease vaccine adopts questionnaire survey and field survey; The evaluation of classical swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease vaccines adopts a combination of questionnaire survey, field investigation and sampling detection. Thirty farms are selected for investigation of each classical swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, and a certain number of farms and slaughterhouses are selected for antibody and pathogen monitoring.

(5) Undertaking unit. China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center and relevant provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions jointly implemented.

II. Investigation on the cost of prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza

(1) purpose. Through the sampling survey on the cost of prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza since 2004, this paper makes a retrospective evaluation and economic analysis and evaluation on the prevention and control policy of combining immunization with culling, and provides decision-making consultation on the implementation effect of prevention and control policy.

(2) scope. In Shandong, Henan, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Sichuan and other six provinces, according to the poultry feeding quantity (density), production mode and the principle of regional representation, two counties in each province were selected for sampling investigation.

(3) method. By means of questionnaire survey and on-the-spot investigation and interview, the prevention and control of local avian influenza and the occurrence of related costs (immunization, surveillance, emergency response, etc.) since 2004 were understood.

(4) Undertaking unit. China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology jointly implemented with animal epidemic control institutions in relevant provinces.

Investigation on risk factors of mycoplasma bovis pneumonia

(1) purpose. Through investigation and monitoring activities, the risk factors leading to the occurrence and spread of mycoplasma pneumonia were analyzed, and the countermeasures were put forward.

(2) scope. The survey was conducted in 11 provinces including Shandong, Sichuan, Jilin, Henan, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian and Chongqing. When necessary, the investigation scope extends to other provinces where live cattle are transferred in and out.

(3) method. By means of on-the-spot investigation, sampling inspection and retrospective investigation, the investigation was carried out in farms (households), trading markets and slaughterhouses to master the carrier situation of mycoplasma pneumonia in healthy cattle and the risk factors in circulation and transportation.

(4) Undertaking unit. It is jointly implemented by China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Harbin Sub-center, Huazhong Agricultural University, animal disease prevention and control institutions and animal health supervision institutions in relevant provinces.

4. Epidemiological investigation of echinococcosis in livestock

(1) purpose. To understand the infection situation, risk factors and prevention and control effect of echinococcosis in livestock in western pastoral areas.

(2) scope. In Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, two counties with severe epidemic situation and one county with mild epidemic situation were selected to investigate and sample cattle and sheep (intermediate hosts) and dogs (definitive host).

(3) method. Questionnaire survey, on-site sampling survey and laboratory testing were used to investigate the infection and risk factors of echinococcosis in cattle, sheep and dogs (the specific investigation plan shall be formulated separately).

(4) Undertaking unit. China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry and relevant provincial animal disease prevention and control centers jointly implemented.

5. Epidemiological investigation of yak brucellosis

(1) purpose. To understand the distribution, brucellosis infection and risk factors of yak in some western provinces.

(2) scope. In Gansu, Qinghai, Xizang, Sichuan and other four provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, three national animal epidemic monitoring and reporting stations or border monitoring and reporting stations with large yak breeding were selected to carry out yak brucellosis investigation.

(3) Undertaking unit. China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology is jointly implemented by relevant provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center.

VI. Epidemiological investigation of rabies

(1) purpose. To understand the distribution of domestic dogs and stray dogs, master the immunization status, prevention and control effect and epidemic risk factors of rabies vaccine, and analyze the main problems existing in the prevention and control of rabies.

(2) Scope and method. In Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Shanghai and other eight provinces, each province selects provincial capital cities, two prefecture-level cities and two national animal epidemic monitoring stations (border animal epidemic monitoring stations) as investigation points, and randomly selects a certain number of communities, pet hospitals and dog breeders to conduct on-the-spot investigations and conduct sampling tests when necessary.

(3) Undertaking unit. China Center for Animal Health and Epidemiology is jointly implemented by relevant provincial animal disease prevention and control institutions.

　　This is a war without smoke, not only a group of people and a city are fighting, but also a national cohesion. The more difficult it is, the more you can witness the true feelings of mutual help; The more critical it is, the more we should unite the strength of helping each other in the same boat.

　　The people are the creators of history and the people are real heroes. On the evening of November 9, "Hero People’s Heroes — — The National Report on Advanced Deeds of Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic was broadcast on CCTV, and 13 speakers made reports to the people of the whole country. Among them, there are Academician Zhong Nanshan, winner of the Medal of the Republic, Zhang Boli, Zhang Dingyu and Chen Wei, winners of the title of "People’s Heroes", and outstanding representatives such as doctors and volunteers who fought in the front line of anti-epidemic. Of the 13 speakers, 6 are from Hubei, namely Zhang Dingyu, Zhou Ning, Yan Zhanfei, Yin Dian, Gan Ruyi and Ye Jiusi. Their affectionate stories brought people back to that thrilling anti-epidemic struggle and shared the people’s strength of unity.

　　Zhong Nanshan welcomes the prosperous times and should live up to them.

　　Zhong Nanshan, who is over eighty years old, knows that the epidemic situation is severe, but he just squeezed into the dining car and headed for the most dangerous place. At the report meeting, he sent such a message: Welcome to the prosperous times and live up to them!

　　在报告会的现场，他直言，自己只是一个普通的医疗工作者，能够得到“共和国勋章”，非常激动，但更多还是考虑到“责任”两个字。他回忆起9月8日的全国抗击新冠肺炎疫情表彰大会上，习总书记和大家握手交谈的场景，“我跟总书记讲的第一句话是，‘总书记，我要请战！我们一定要争取建立一个更有时效的、更有战斗力的国家突发公共卫生事件防控平台’。”

　　“习总书记对我说，‘很好啊！’这也让我对未来的工作充满了信心。”钟南山说，“生命至上、举国同心、舍生忘死、尊重科学、命运与共”是伟大抗疫精神的高度总结，其中他体会最深的是“生命至上”。

　　报告会现场播出一张照片，是广东援鄂医疗队的几名护士，在得知获批参加援鄂医疗队后，为了减少感染，全部剃了光头，几名女孩在一起非常开心地照了个相。钟南山说，从照片中看到了感动。

　　更让他感慨的是，经过9个月的抗疫洗礼，很多年轻人懂得了人生的追求就是要对国家、对老百姓作出贡献，要报效国家。今年的高考，很多省报考医学的毕业生大幅增加，孩子们知道学医很辛苦，但是他们通过抗疫更懂得了当医生的价值。

　　Zhong Nanshan said: "I am glad to live up to the prosperous times. We are now in a prosperous time and will enter a better prosperous time. We must redouble our efforts to build a prevention and control platform for respiratory diseases and public health emergencies, and contribute to further defeating COVID-19 and preventing and controlling new public health emergencies. "

　　After the defending war in Wuhan, the anti-epidemic heroes from all fronts gathered here and were described by Academician Zhong Nanshan as "the gathering of old friends". "I am very happy because our goals are the same." Zhong Nanshan said: "We can’t stop here, because the epidemic situation is still serious, especially in the surrounding areas, so we should make more efforts in scientific research and prevention and control, and contribute more to the world."

　　People in Wuhan, Zhang Boli are all heroes.

　　"The white armor is 100,000, and the war is raging in March. The central government has helped the economy, and the whole country is United, and the Chinese and Western countries have coordinated prevention and control, and the world is hot and cold." At the report meeting, Academician Zhang Boli read "Qingpingle People’s Talented Heroes" with deep affection.

　　On September 8th this year, Zhang Boli was awarded the honorary title of "People’s Hero". After learning the news, he filled in a word — — Qingpingle People are Heroes. Zhang Boli said: "The people of Wuhan have made great sacrifices and provided valuable experience for other provinces and cities in China, so I say that the people of Wuhan are heroes."

　　Zhang Boli, who underwent gallbladder surgery, was supposed to stay in bed for rest, but insisted on turning around. He teased himself that he was "treating Wuhan people with sincerity". "The 1.4 billion people of China are united in their efforts to help each other and build an iron wall against the epidemic. We won this victory not by a few of us, but by the people of the whole country. " At the report meeting, he commented on the volunteers in Wuhan at the critical moment: "The epidemic came and they came quietly; The anti-epidemic victory, they quietly left. They say that if everyone sweats a little more, it will become timely rain when they gather. "

　　Zhang Boli also told a detail: "In the Jiangxia Fangcang Hospital where I was stationed, the party secretary himself was infected. After recovery, he took the lead in donating plasma and called on hospital colleagues to donate plasma." He said that the people of China are great people, and the people of China are heroic people. The joint efforts of all of us are the key to finally defeating the COVID-19 epidemic.

　　Zhang Dingyu brought the last orange to the hospital.

　　After the outbreak of the epidemic, Zhang Dingyu charged with "gradual freezing" and led the cadres and workers of Jinyintan Hospital to treat more than 2,800 patients.

　　When Zhang Dingyu dragged a stiff leg to the center of the stage, his deep and shallow steps, just like his race against time in the ward before, were a gesture of guarding life.

　　Jinyintan Hospital was the first place to stop the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan. Hospital health workers are in an emergency, security personnel are in an emergency, medical staff are in an emergency, and protective equipment is also in an emergency. There were 257 party member in Jinyintan Hospital, who rushed to the urgent and dangerous posts, and none of them deserted.

　　Zhang Dingyu’s colleague, Tu Shengjin, a doctor in the intensive care unit on the sixth floor of the South, and his wife Cao Shan, who are also nurses in the isolation unit, gave their 11-year-old son to their families, voluntarily giving the hotel room to the medical team in Hubei and the hospital bed to their colleagues. From the beginning of the Lunar New Year, the couple took the car as their home and persisted for nearly a month on the "bed" paved by the car seat.

　　As an infectious disease hospital, there is still a difficult task that cannot be avoided when trying to treat patients, and that is pathological anatomy. Zhang Dingyu said: "What makes us awe is that since February 16, 18 family members have donated the remains of the deceased within one week. Some people have gone, but they have become memories that will never be forgotten. "

　　At the report meeting, Zhang Dingyu said with emotion: "This people-oriented and life-oriented war, though arduous, has won. At this moment, I want to say thank you once again to all the medical staff who help Hubei! "

　　On September 8, Zhang Dingyu was awarded the honorary title of "People’s Hero". He said that he only walked into the Great Hall of the People on behalf of 60 million people in Hubei and 540,000 medical staff in the province.

　　He said: "I am just an ordinary doctor. I did what a doctor should do, but the party and the people gave me such a high honor. Although the illness has brought a lot of inconvenience to my life and work, I feel very happy now, thank you! "

　　After the report, the host came to the stage with a bag of oranges. Zhang Dingyu said that this is an orange from Wuhan and the fruit of the last orange forest in Jinyintan Hospital in the golden autumn. In the future, a new emergency ward building will be built where the orange forest is located. "Although there is no fruit like oranges, our health and wellness cause will produce greater results."

　　Chen Wei sang "Our Soldiers" live.

　　"Our soldiers are different only because we are all wearing simple military uniforms … …” At the report meeting, Academician Chen Wei sang "A Soldier", which was heroic. After experiencing this epidemic, Chen Wei lamented that "Chinese’s spirit can’t be broken, and our Chinese nation will surely live forever".

　　I have experienced an arduous struggle against the epidemic with the people of the whole country, and those volunteers are the ones who moved Chen Wei most. "There are 616 volunteers in the first and second clinical trials, and the oldest subject is Mr. Xiong, 84 years old." Chen Wei remembers that Mr. Xiong Lao once said that he was very moved to see the people who supported Wuhan, but it was better to be moved than to act. He should take part in the fight against the epidemic and make a modest contribution.

　　The unconditional trust and support of the people also gave great encouragement to Chen Wei’s team. During his 113 days in Wuhan, Chen Wei was busy from opening his eyes to three or four o’clock in the morning. Day after day, it is always a state of stepping on the accelerator and rushing forward.

　　"I firmly believe that as long as this momentum is maintained, there will be no invincible Loushanguan and no invincible Lazikou on the road of scientific research." Chen Wei said.

　　Six frontline anti-epidemic workers from Hubei spoke with deep affection.

　　There are no mountains in Vulcan Mountain, but there are people like mountains.

　　At the report meeting on the evening of 9th, there were six frontline workers from Hubei who fought against the epidemic.

　　Zhou Ning, a doctor from tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, told the story of tongji hospital’s "Life Special Team". As the main person in charge of the "Heart Protection Team", he is also an infected person in COVID-19. His "treatment diary" has been read by more than 15 million people.

　　In late January, Zhou Ning was infected with Covid-19 in the process of diagnosis and treatment of patients. He wrote down his experience of home isolation treatment. In a few days, he read more than 15 million and left more than 14,000 messages. Someone left a message backstage saying: I feel much more settled after reading your article.

　　As soon as the quarantine period ended on February 8, Zhou Ning immediately called for a good fight. The next day, as the first batch of medical staff, he came to tongji hospital Optics Valley Campus and worked in ICU for 52 days. In order to see the blood vessels in the patient’s neck clearly, he operated almost face to face. Finally, the patient’s condition improved and ECMO was successfully removed. At the moment of withdrawal, he couldn’t help cheering for the patient: "You are alive, you are alive!" In fact, there are many such fires of life rekindled in ICU.

　　24-year-old Gan Ruyi, like Zhou Ning, is also a doctor, but her battlefield is in the laboratory.

　　On the Spring Festival this year, just after returning to his hometown in Gongan County, Gan Ruyi learned that in order to prevent the spread of the epidemic, Wuhan closed the passage from Han. "The situation is serious. Now, Wuhan needs medical staff most. I must go back and be with my colleagues!" Gan Ruyi said.

　　Recalling the three-day and two-night cycling trip, Gan Ruyi said that he cried while riding. "I rode from the police to Qianjiang, and I got the help of the police. They helped me find a ride to the blood bank in Wuhan Central."

　　After arriving at Fanhu Branch of Jinkou Health Center in Jiangxia District, Wuhan, she briefly reported her parents’ safety, put on protective clothing, and immediately returned to work to assist in the investigation of fever patients. "They all said that because my surname is Gan, I am not afraid of suffering." Gan Ruyi said with a smile.

　　Ye Jiusi of Wuhan Commercial Storage and Transportation Co., Ltd. is a volunteer in Jilin Community, Yongqing Street, Jiang ‘an District, Wuhan. During the epidemic, he shouldered the heavy responsibility of buying medicine for many residents in the community and was affectionately called "the god of medicine" by the people.

　　Ye Jiusi said frankly: "Actually, I am a patient with severe chronic diseases and need to take medicine for a long time." It is precisely because of this that he can better understand the importance of drugs to special patients. On the first day of the volunteer registration system, he signed up as a volunteer.

　　In dozens of days, he traveled dozens of kilometers back and forth every day, riding a broken bike, wearing out several pairs of pants and shoes. He said, "I am a mortal, but I can also send out a glimmer."

　　Yin Dian is a native of Wuhan, a post-80s employee of China Construction Third Bureau. At the busiest time, he fought for 41 hours continuously, and his clothes were covered with mud and paint. "Everyone wants to build the hospital quickly and let the patients live in early."

　　After the official delivery of Huoshenshan Hospital, it was followed by the arrival of doctors and patients. The normal operation of the hospital requires maintenance personnel to do logistics support. On February 3rd, Yin Dian worked continuously for 10 days, and immediately transferred to the position of head of the electromechanical maintenance group of the Second Company of China Construction Third Bureau, leading five other managers and six workers to take charge of the electromechanical maintenance of four wards in the hospital.

　　On the evening of January 23rd, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decided to build Vulcan Mountain Hospital in Wuhan, which happened to be the jurisdiction where Yan Zhanfei, a policeman from caidian district Branch of Wuhan Public Security Bureau, was located. After getting the news, he made up his mind, "I want to stay and protect Vulcan Mountain!" " He was the first to sign up for duty on the spot.

　　On the first day of the establishment of the police office of Huoshenshan Hospital, he and his colleagues swore: "We are here, please rest assured the people of the whole country!" He remembers a worker whose right thumb was accidentally crushed by construction equipment, but he still wanted to keep working; Another worker, Luo Mingliang, from Yangxin, earned more than 7,000 yuan for six days. As his family was not rich, he bought all his salary and donated it to the frontline medical staff.

　　"Vulcan Mountain has no mountains, but there are people like mountains." Yan Zhanfei summed up the "spirit of Vulcan Mountain" in such words.

　　CCTV reporter Dong Qian recalled the most difficult interview.

　　At the report meeting, Dong Qian, a reporter from CCTV, reviewed the 95-day interview in Wuhan’s anti-epidemic front line.

　　"In 95 days, I interviewed many people. One of the most difficult interviews was with a wife who just lost her husband. She is the head nurse of the intensive care unit, Cai Liping. Her husband is Liu Zhiming, dean of Wuchang People’s Hospital in Wuhan. " Dong Qian said that in the ward where Cai Liping is in charge, there are more than 20 young doctors in their early twenties, who are the same age as her children. As a mother, who wants to send their children to the front? However, these children dressed in white are soldiers and can only move forward. At this time, Cai Liping must be by their side, give them encouragement and set an example for them. Meanwhile, her husband had a narrow escape in another ICU. Every day, Cai Liping sends her husband a WeChat. Are you okay? Do you want me to accompany you? Liu Zhiming said to his wife, I’m fine. Don’t come. Later, Cai Liping saw from Liu Zhiming’s WeChat that Liu Zhiming told his doctors and classmates: I can’t breathe like drowning, and I feel so bad.

　　Dong Qian said: "Cai Liping sat opposite me and told me that I have always been observant and considerate of my patients; I put myself in my colleagues’ shoes. Why am I so ignorant at this time, when my husband needs me most! "

　　Dong Qian sighed with emotion, just like Cai Liping, there are many doctors and nurses who rushed to the forefront of the epidemic. They used their bodies to stand between you and me and the virus, and Wuhan in the epidemic was the battlefield. "In an interview in Wuhan for more than three months, I am familiar with every day when winter comes and spring comes in this city. Wuhan people and I have experienced every drastic change in the season. As journalists, what we collect and gather is not only information, but also confidence and strength. " (Chutian Metropolis Daily reporter Liu Dingwei Chen Qian Zhang Jianlin correspondent Wang Dan Wang Tiantian)

　　A chemical plant in Xiantao City, Hubei Province leaked toxic substances and polluted tap water, causing more than 20 villagers to be poisoned.

　　On October 11th, Mr. Xu, a villager from Magou Village, pengchang, Xiantao City, Hubei Province, told The Paper that on October 1st, his parents had "vomiting and diarrhea" after dinner, and his father also had symptoms of "unable to move his limbs and unclear consciousness" and was taken to the hospital for rescue. Mr. Xu revealed that on the night of the incident, many villagers in the same village and nearby daling village also had the same symptoms, and the hospital initially judged it as "food poisoning".

Poisoned villagers in hospital

　　On the morning of 11th, a staff member of Xiantao Municipal Government confirmed to The Paper that many people were poisoned by toxic substances leaking from a chemical plant in pengchang. After preliminary investigation, a toxic substance leaked from Hubei Zhanpeng New Materials Co., Ltd., a company involved, which caused tap water pollution and exceeded the standard of barium metal. After the incident, the enterprises involved were ordered to stop production. At present, the relevant departments of the local government are investigating the specific situation.

　　According to Mr. Xu, according to his mother’s memory, the tap water used that day was no different from usual, but the dishes made were bitter. "My father has the behavior of drinking tap water directly, so the symptoms are much heavier than those of my mother." Mr. Xu said that his father had been treated in ICU for 10 days. During the period, the hospital issued several critical notices. At present, his father is still in a coma

　　The doctor-patient communication record provided by Mr. Xu on October 3 showed that his father was diagnosed as "acute respiratory failure, toxic encephalopathy, hypokalemia" and so on, and his condition was critical.

　　Xu Hai (a pseudonym), a villager in the same village, told The Paper that in the evening of October 1, he also developed symptoms of "vomiting and diarrhea, and his limbs could not move" after dinner, and he was taken to the hospital for emergency treatment in the early morning of October 2. After five days of treatment, she was discharged from the hospital and is in good health.

　　"On October 2, the hospital also opened a green channel to receive patients with the same symptoms." Xu Hai said that on the second day after the incident, the tap water supply in Magou Village and daling village stopped until October 7. "We all dare not use tap water and drink pure water we bought ourselves."

　　In this regard, on October 11, a staff member of Xiantao Municipal People’s Government introduced that the poisoning accident was caused by the leakage of toxic substances from Hubei Zhanpeng New Materials Co., Ltd., causing tap water pollution, and 24 people went to the hospital for treatment. At present, 22 people have been discharged from the hospital, and the remaining 2 people have no symptoms of poisoning and are still receiving treatment for their own basic diseases in the hospital.

　　The aforementioned staff said that after the incident, the enterprises involved were ordered to stop production. At present, the enterprise has resumed production after rectification. As for the specific situation, relevant departments of the local government are still investigating.

　　According to the upstream news, officials involved in the investigation in pengchang said that the police had controlled the relevant personnel.

　　Eye-catching shows that Hubei Zhanpeng New Materials Co., Ltd. was established in August 2004, and its main business is research and development, production and sales of various electronic-grade and nano-grade functional ceramic powder materials (mainly barium carbonate and titanium dioxide at present). The main products are high-purity barium carbonate and titanium dioxide basic powder.

　　The Paper noted that the company had been punished by the local environmental protection department for discharging water pollutants exceeding the national or local water pollutant discharge standards for three consecutive years. On August 22, 2017, Xiantao Environmental Monitoring Station cooperated with Pengchang Environmental Protection Station of Xiantao City to sample and monitor the total wastewater discharge outlet of the company. The monitoring data showed that the ammonia nitrogen emission concentration of the total discharge outlet was 153mg/L (the discharge standard was 15mg/L), which exceeded the standard by 9.2 times. Xiantao Environmental Protection Bureau imposed a fine of 17,241 yuan on the company, which was five times the amount of sewage charges paid.

　　(The Paper reporter Liao Yan intern Jiang Longqing)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 9th Title: March courageously towards the great goal set by our party.

　　— — Members and alternate members of the new Central Committee and leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels study and implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era and the sidelights of the seminar on the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

　　People’s Daily reporter Xu Juan, Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhu Jichai

　　At the beginning of the new year, Vientiane is renewed. From January 5th to 8th, a seminar was held at the Central Party School for members and alternate members of the new Central Committee and leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels to study and implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era and the spirit of the 19th Party Congress. At the opening ceremony on the morning of 5th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech, profoundly expounding such major issues as persisting in and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics consistently, promoting the new great project of Party building consistently, enhancing the sense of hardship and preventing risks and challenges consistently.

　　The important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary aroused strong repercussions among the participants in the seminar. Through listening to speeches, conducting self-study, group discussions and class exchanges, the newly-appointed members and alternate members of the Central Committee, the main responsible comrades of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, relevant departments of the central and state organs, and the main responsible comrades of major military units and departments of the Central Military Commission have further enhanced their confidence and determination in upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation.

　　The trainees said that the "1.5" important speech by the Supreme Leader General Secretary runs through lofty ideals and beliefs, strong mission, distinctive theoretical character and deep feelings for the people. It is the best guidance for learning and understanding the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era and the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. It not only reflects the deep concern and love for members of the Central Committee and senior leading cadres, but also puts forward new requirements, so that everyone deeply feels the power of core, truth and faith.

　　Raise the flag for orientation — — Adhere to and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s declaration.

　　As a big party with a 97-year history of leading the people in a great social revolution, how can we achieve the ultimate victory of this social revolution? In his speech, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era is the result and continuation of the great social revolution led by our party, and it must be carried on consistently. To realize the historical mission of the Party in the new era in the new historical position, the most fundamental thing is to hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　Focusing on the important speech made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary at the opening ceremony, the students were divided into 18 groups to discuss and exchange ideas, and to talk about their own experiences and understanding. Some central leading comrades also participated in the discussion and exchange with the students.

　　A student from the discipline inspection and supervision system said, "Both history and reality tell us that it often takes a long historical process for a social revolution to achieve final victory. Socialism with Chinese characteristics didn’t fall from the sky, but was a valuable achievement made by the Party and the people through painstaking efforts and at various costs. It is extremely difficult to get this result and must be cherished. "

　　Only by looking back at the road we have traveled, comparing other people’s roads, overlooking the road ahead, and figuring out where we came from and where we are going, can we see many problems deeply and accurately.

　　"The new era is a new era in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, not any other new era. We are in the process of pushing stones up the mountain and climbing the hill. Every Chinese is a builder and sharer of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. No matter what risks, challenges, difficulties and obstacles we encounter on the road ahead, we cannot shake our ideals and beliefs about Socialism with Chinese characteristics. " A student said.

　　As Socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, it is becoming the banner of the development of scientific socialism in the 21st century and the mainstay of the revitalization of world socialism.

　　A student from the western region said: "Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great achievements are groundbreaking and historic contributions to scientific socialism. We must be more determined ‘ Four self-confidences ’ Firmly establish the belief of unremitting struggle to win new victories in Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and make greater historical contributions to the new development of scientific socialism. "

　　Revolutionary people are always young.

　　In his speech, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader inculcated, Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind the mission, and don’t forget that we are from communist party, we are revolutionaries, and don’t lose the revolutionary spirit.

　　Everyone agrees that in order to achieve the prosperity and long-term stability of the Party and the country, all Party comrades must maintain the revolutionary spirit and fighting spirit, have the courage to carry forward the great social revolution that our Party has led the people for 97 years, never be proud of victory, never slacken off because of achievements, never shrink back because of difficulties, and strive to make Socialism with Chinese characteristics show a stronger and more convincing force of truth.

　　Self-revolution — — Mobilization order to further promote the new great project of party building

　　"To carry out the great social revolution of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, our party must be brave in self-revolution and build the party stronger." At the opening ceremony, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader deeply explained the extreme importance of consistency in promoting the new great project of party building, and showed the self-revolutionary courage and political consciousness of the Marxist ruling party.

　　"Under the long-term ruling conditions of the party, we have solved the outstanding problems of the party with the spirit of self-revolution, and grasped the foundation of promoting the new great project of party building in the new era." A student from the military system said that the effect of grasping whether the party building has revolutionary spirit is very different. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reason why the accumulated disadvantages in the Party can be effectively solved lies in the fact that the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core leads the whole Party to carry forward the spirit of self-revolution, dare to cut the blade inward, dare to cure the poison, and dare to break the wrist of a strong man.

　　Study, think, discuss and communicate … … The campus of the Central Party School in winter is filled with a strong research atmosphere. In the dormitory, the students taught themselves late into the night and prepared their own group speeches. Some students wrote several pages of speech outlines in their notebooks.

　　To strictly manage the party in an all-round way, we must seize the "key minority". In his speech, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward "five excellent" requirements for senior leading cadres — — Excellent faith, politics, responsibility, ability and style.

　　Students have said that after listening, they feel deeply educated and deeply touched. The "five excellent" has grasped the key problem of the construction of the party’s senior leading cadres, which has a strong realistic pertinence and should be implemented to the letter.

　　"The most important thing is to have a strong belief, and always take the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era as a motto, a desk volume and a necessary book, and work hard to learn and understand it, which is really used to arm the mind and guide the work. The most fundamental thing is to be politically sound, take a clear-cut stand on politics, resolutely safeguard the core position of the Supreme Leader General Secretary in the CPC Central Committee and the whole party, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership. " A student said.

　　"party member, an outstanding communist in history, has struggled for his ideals all his life. His head can be broken, his blood can flow, and his faith cannot be changed. Only when the faith is excellent can you forget yourself; Only when you have a strong belief will you not be captured by sugar-coated shells. ""There is politics, direction, image and personality in the trivial section, ‘ Five excellent ’ We must start from specific things, and only by breaking down the details can we put ‘ Five excellent ’ Implement "… …

　　In the group discussion and exchange, the students put themselves in one after another and talked about their understanding and thinking in depth against the requirements of "five excellent". Everyone unanimously said that the intensive study these days is not only a reunification of ideas, but also a re-education of party spirit.

　　Sober and calm — — A warning course to enhance the sense of hardship and improve the ability to guard against risks and challenges

　　"The road ahead cannot be smooth sailing. The more achievements you make, the more cautious you must be, and the more you must be prepared for danger in times of peace. You must never make strategic and subversive mistakes." In his speech, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader issued a profound warning to the whole party to enhance the sense of hardship and guard against risk challenges.

　　Be prepared, for the country.

　　Combined with their respective fields of work, the students have combed and analyzed the current risk challenges, found reasons, talked about countermeasures and plans.

　　A student from the central region said, "The speech of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader reflects a strong sense of urgency, reminding us not only to start a new journey with confidence, but also to guard against various risks on the way forward. In the face of achievements, we must keep a clear head, overcome difficulties, adhere to the bottom line thinking, and never make mistakes that may delay or interrupt the great rejuvenation process of the Chinese nation. "

　　"Always maintaining a sense of urgency and always avoiding arrogance and rashness is a sign that a political party is maturing." A student from the central state organs said that the first of the "three major battles" is to prevent and resolve major risks, including financial risks. In accordance with the spirit of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, we must resolutely prevent the occurrence of systemic financial risks and investigate the hidden debts of local governments.

　　A student from Northeast China said that it is necessary to judge the performance and degree of risks in his own area one by one, analyze the reasons one by one, predict the trend one by one, formulate plans one by one, and digest and solve them one by one, so as to try to solve the risks in the bud or in the process of development, or to control them in a controllable range and create conditions before solving them when the time is ripe. It is necessary to be highly vigilant against both the "black swan" incident and the "grey rhinoceros" incident.

　　The times are the authors, we are the respondents and the people are the reviewers.

　　"Socialism with Chinese characteristics is an inevitable choice for the social development of modern China, for China to realize modernization, and for creating a happy and beautiful life for the people." A new student in the Central Committee said that the Millennium plan is only a matter of time, and national affairs must be done in detail. We must do all the work well with the responsibility of giving up others, and devote ourselves to the cause with the spirit of time and no time.

　　In the new era, the horn blows and the drums are used to urge the levy.

　　The four-day seminar ended and a brand-new journey began. The students went to their posts with more enthusiasm and firmer confidence, and showed a new atmosphere with new actions. In accordance with the direction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era and the guidance of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, they constantly opened up a new situation in the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and bravely advanced towards the great goals set by our party.

　

On March 13th, People’s Daily published an article signed by members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and Liu He, director of the Office of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group, entitled "Deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions is a profound change". The article, with more than 5,000 words, profoundly explains the inevitability, distinctive features and how to effectively promote the reform of the party and state institutions, which is worth studying carefully.

The article points out that "deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a profound change to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity". Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we should understand the necessity of promoting this profound change from the perspective of overall strategic situation and long-term development, and consciously implement it.

1. To deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, we must fully understand the historical and realistic inevitability of promoting this profound change.

The article points out that in the face of the new requirements put forward by the new era and new tasks, it is historical and realistic necessity to deepen the reform of the party and state institutions in accordance with the strategic deployment of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The CPC Central Committee has always attached great importance to the construction and reform of the party and state institutions. However, it should be noted that the current institutional setup and functional allocation of the party and the state are not perfect enough, and they cannot adapt well to the strategic layout and target requirements. For example,

It is not fully adapted to the requirements of promoting the overall layout of the "five in one" and coordinating the promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, and it is not fully adapted to the requirements of modernizing the national governance system and governance capacity;

It does not meet the requirements of achieving the goal of "two hundred years", especially the establishment of grass-roots institutions and the allocation of power need to be improved, and the ability to organize and serve the masses needs to be further improved; The political, advanced and mass nature of group organizations need to be enhanced.

At the same time, the party’s institutional setup and functional allocation need to be improved in some fields, for example,

In some areas, the party’s institutional setup and functional allocation are not sound enough, and the system and mechanism to ensure the party’s overall leadership and promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party need to be improved;

In some fields, the problems of overlapping party and government organs, overlapping responsibilities and disjointed powers and responsibilities are more prominent; Some government institutions are not scientifically set up and their responsibilities are divided, and the problems of lack of responsibilities and low efficiency are prominent, and the transformation of government functions is still not in place; In some areas, the functions of central and local institutions are generally rough, and the division of powers and responsibilities is not reasonable.

To solve these problems, we need to fully realize the historical and realistic inevitability of promoting this profound change and deepen the reform of the party and state institutions.

2. To deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, we must accurately grasp the distinctive features of this profound change.

The article holds that the measures to deepen the reform of the party and state institutions fully reflect the important requirements of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and have five distinctive features, namely:

Strengthening the overall leadership of the party is the core issue;

The comprehensive scope of reform is a prominent feature;

The depth of reform is revolutionary;

The design of reform is scientific;

The results of the reform should be legalized.

To solve the existing problems and deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, we need to accurately grasp the five distinctive features of this profound change.

3. To deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, we must effectively ensure the effective promotion of institutional reforms.

The article points out that deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a systematic project, with arduous and complicated tasks and great difficulties in organizing and implementing. This requires:

Strengthen the party’s leadership, give full play to the party’s leading core role in the overall situation of reform, development and stability, and lead and promote this major reform with the party’s political advantages;

Implement the reform plan in an orderly manner according to law, and all localities and departments should conscientiously implement the reform plan determined by the central authorities, so as to achieve steady progress;

Give full play to the enthusiasm of the central and local governments. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the central government, strengthen the top-level design and overall planning, and make breakthroughs when conditions are ripe. On the other hand, it is also necessary to fully consider the local realities, mobilize and give play to local enthusiasm and creativity, and actively explore according to local conditions;

Do a solid and meticulous implementation work, and some institutional adjustments will be put in place within a few months after the introduction of the plan; Some reforms may take some time, which requires careful work.

The article holds that we must adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, adhere to the correct direction of reform, unify our thoughts and actions with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, unify our decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", resolutely safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and centralize and unify leadership, grasp the relationship between reform, development and stability, strengthen our confidence, seize the opportunity, and focus on solving the phased problems.

The full text is as follows:

Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a profound change.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important arrangements for deepening institutional reform in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China studied and made a decision on deepening the reform of party and state institutions. The "Decision" clearly pointed out that "deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a profound change in promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity". Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we should understand the necessity of promoting this profound change from the perspective of overall strategic situation and long-term development, and consciously implement it.

First, fully understand the historical and realistic inevitability of promoting this profound change.

The CPC Central Committee has always attached great importance to the construction and reform of the party and state institutions. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has adhered to the problem orientation, highlighted key areas, deepened the reform of the party and state institutions, made significant progress in some important areas and key links, and provided a strong guarantee for the historic achievements and changes in the cause of the party and state. Facing the new requirements of the new era and new tasks, it is historical and realistic to deepen the reform of the party and state institutions and continuously promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity in accordance with the strategic deployment of the 19th Party Congress.

(A) deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is an inevitable requirement for upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. As a superstructure, the functional system of the Party and state institutions is an important part of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system, which needs to be constantly improved to adapt to the progress of social productive forces and the change of economic base. After the founding of New China, under the leadership of our Party, China has established the basic socialist system and gradually established the functional system of the Party and state institutions with Chinese characteristics, which has played an important role in promoting socialist construction. Since the reform and opening up, to meet the needs of the development of the socialist market economy, our party has actively promoted the reform of the party and state institutions, and the functions of various institutions have been continuously optimized and gradually standardized, which has effectively promoted the reform and opening up and socialist modernization. As Socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, the functional system of the Party and state institutions must meet the requirements of the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. However, it should be noted that the current institutional setup and functional allocation of the Party and the state are not fully adapted to the requirements of promoting the overall layout of the "five in one" and the coordinated promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, and are not fully adapted to the requirements of modernizing the national governance system and governance capacity. We must deepen the reform of the Party and state institutions in accordance with the requirements of upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

(2) Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is an inevitable requirement for strengthening the party’s long-term ruling ability. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. The functional system of the party and state institutions is an important guarantee for our party to govern the country and is an important support to ensure that the party always takes the overall situation and coordinates all parties. If our Party wants to smoothly advance various undertakings in Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, better lead the people to carry out great struggles, build great projects, advance great undertakings, and realize great dreams, it must give full play to the greatest institutional advantage of the Party’s leadership from the organizational structure, implement the Party’s leadership in all fields and links where the Party and state organs fully and correctly perform their duties, and institutionally ensure the long-term governance of the Party and the long-term stability of the country. At present, the party’s institutional setup and functional allocation in some fields are not sound enough, and the institutional mechanism to ensure the party’s overall leadership and promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party needs to be improved. Strengthening the construction of the Party’s long-term ruling ability and promoting the comprehensive and strict administration of the Party urgently require deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions, perfecting the institutional arrangements to ensure the Party’s overall leadership, improving the Party’s leadership and ruling style, and enhancing the Party’s ability and determination to take the direction, seek the overall situation, formulate policies and promote reform.

(3) Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is an inevitable requirement for the self-improvement and development of the socialist system. Perfecting and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system and promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity are the overall goals of comprehensively deepening reform. Deepening institutional reform, as an important part of comprehensively deepening reform, plays an institutional support and guarantee role in various fields of reform. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, we have resolutely eliminated the shortcomings of various institutional mechanisms, made breakthroughs in reforms in important areas and key links, and improved Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system. However, it must be noted that in order to fundamentally solve many deep-seated contradictions and problems in development and consolidate and develop the reform achievements, the reform must go deep into the institutional level. At present, the problems of overlapping party and government organs, overlapping responsibilities and separation of powers and responsibilities in some fields in China are more prominent; Some government institutions are not scientifically set up and their responsibilities are divided, and the problems of lack of responsibilities and low efficiency are prominent, and the transformation of government functions is still not in place; In some areas, the functions of central and local institutions are generally rough, and the division of powers and responsibilities is not reasonable. To solve these problems, we must deepen the reform of the party and state institutions and provide institutional support and guarantee for the continuous deepening of reforms in the fields of economy, society, politics, culture and ecological civilization.

(4) Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is an inevitable requirement for achieving the goal of "two hundred years", building a socialist modern country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In order to achieve the goal of "two hundred years", the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a strategic arrangement for the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, that is, to build a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020; By 2035, basically realize socialist modernization; By the middle of this century, China will be built into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power. To achieve the goal of the first century, the functions of the party and state institutions must provide guarantee for solving outstanding contradictions, laying a solid battle to prevent and resolve major risks, accurately get rid of poverty, and prevent and control pollution; At the same time, to achieve the goal of the second century, we must pay attention to solving the long-term institutional and institutional problems. However, it should be noted that at present, China’s institutional setup and functional allocation are not suitable for achieving the goal of "two hundred years", especially the establishment of grass-roots institutions and the allocation of power need to be improved, and the ability to organize and serve the masses needs to be further improved; The political, advanced and mass nature of group organizations need to be enhanced. This urgently requires deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, scientifically allocating institutional functions, and improving institutional mechanisms to provide a strong institutional guarantee for winning the Chinese dream of building a well-off society in an all-round way, starting a new journey of building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Second, accurately grasp the distinctive features of this profound change

In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader explicitly demanded that all outdated ideas and disadvantages of institutional mechanisms should be resolutely eliminated, the barriers of solidification of interests should be broken through, the beneficial achievements of human civilization should be absorbed, and an institutional system with complete system, scientific norms and effective operation should be built to give full play to the superiority of China’s socialist system. This move to deepen the reform of the party and state institutions fully embodies the important requirements of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and has the following distinctive features.

(1) Strengthening the overall leadership of the Party is the core issue. Party, government, military and civilian studies, east, west, north and south, the party is the leader of everything. The "Decision" clearly stated that strengthening the Party’s leadership over all aspects of work in all fields is the primary task of deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions. In order to improve the system of adhering to the party’s overall leadership, the "Decision" requires: First, establish and improve the party’s leadership system and mechanism for major work. First of all, we must strengthen the party’s centralized and unified leadership over major work involving the overall cause of the party and the state. Optimize the decision-making and deliberation coordination institutions of the CPC Central Committee. Strengthen and optimize the Party’s leadership in deepening reform, governing the country according to law, economy, agriculture and rural areas, discipline inspection and supervision, organization, propaganda of ideology and culture, national security, politics and law, United front, ethnic and religious affairs, education, science and technology, network information, diplomacy and auditing. Other deliberative and coordinating bodies should be linked with the establishment and adjustment of the decision-making deliberative and coordinating bodies of the CPC Central Committee. The second is to strengthen the leading position of the Party’s organizations in organizations at the same level, and give full play to the role of the Party in overall planning and coordinating all parties. The third is to give full play to the role of the party’s functional departments, strengthen the function of centralized coordination, and coordinate the work of this system in this field. Fourth, make overall arrangements for the establishment of party and government organizations. Relevant party organizations can make overall arrangements with other departments with similar functions and close ties, and implement merger or joint office. The fifth is to promote the reform of the party’s discipline inspection system and the state supervision system, and set up national, provincial, municipal and county supervision committees to achieve full coverage of all public officials exercising public power.

(2) The comprehensive scope of reform is a prominent feature. Different from the previous institutional reform, which mainly involved government institutions and administrative systems, this institutional reform is a comprehensive reform, including the party, government, people’s congresses, CPPCC, judiciary, mass organizations, social organizations, institutions, cross-military, central and local institutions. In addition to perfecting the system of adhering to the party’s overall leadership, the first is to optimize the establishment of government institutions and the allocation of functions. It is required to rationally allocate the functions of macro-management departments, further promote decentralization, improve market supervision and law enforcement systems, reform natural resources and ecological environment management systems, improve public service management systems, and strengthen supervision after the event. The second is to coordinate the institutional reform of the party, government and military groups. It is required to improve the layout of party and government institutions, deepen the reform of people’s congresses, CPPCC and judicial institutions, deepen the reform of mass organizations, promote the reform of social organizations, accelerate the reform of public institutions, and deepen the reform across the military. The third is to set up local institutions reasonably. It is required to ensure centralized and unified leadership, give more autonomy to provincial and lower institutions, build a simple and efficient grass-roots management system, and standardize the vertical management system and local hierarchical management system.

(3) The depth of reform is revolutionary. The reason why this reform is revolutionary lies in not avoiding the adjustment of power and interests, but in integrating the existing traditional vested interests and reshaping the new interest pattern. The "Decision" proposes that we should resolutely get rid of the shortcomings of the system and mechanism that restrict the market from playing a decisive role in resource allocation and giving full play to the role of the government, focus on promoting high-quality development, build a modern economic system, strengthen and improve the government’s functions of economic regulation, market supervision, social management, public services and ecological environment protection, and adjust and optimize the functions of government institutions. For example, it is explicitly required to reduce micro-management affairs and specific examination and approval items, minimize the direct allocation of market resources by the government, and minimize the direct intervention of the government in market activities. Relax the restrictions on service industry access and fully implement the negative list system for market access. Establish state-owned natural resource asset management and natural ecological supervision institutions, improve the ecological environment management system, uniformly exercise the duties of the owner of all natural resource assets owned by the whole people, uniformly exercise all the duties of land and space use control and ecological protection and restoration, and uniformly exercise the duties of supervising all kinds of pollution emissions in urban and rural areas and administrative law enforcement. Accelerate the separation of government and society and overcome the tendency of administrative social organizations. Realize the separation of government and business, and no longer set up institutions to undertake administrative functions. Institutions that provide public welfare services to the society will gradually promote the separation of management and operation, strengthen the public welfare attributes, and break the profit-seeking mechanism.

(D) The design of the reform embodies the scientific nature. Scientific nature is the key to the success of the reform, which is related to whether the whole reform plan meets the actual needs and the objective laws. In view of the scientific organization of our country, the restriction of power operation and the imperfect supervision mechanism in some fields, the Decision adheres to the principle of optimizing coordination and efficiency, and emphasizes the need to optimize the establishment and functional allocation of the party and state institutions. First, adhere to the principle that a category of matters should be co-ordinated by one department in principle, and one thing should be handled by one department in principle, and strengthen the cooperation and linkage of relevant institutions to avoid multiple policies, unclear responsibilities and buck passing. Second, it is required to set up government departments at all levels and their internal institutions, scientifically allocate power, reduce the number of institutions, simplify the middle level, implement flat management, and form a top-down efficient organizational system. Third, it is clearly required to correctly understand and implement the division of responsibilities between the party and government, straighten out the relationship between the responsibilities of the party and government agencies, ensure the centralized and unified leadership of the party, and ensure the coordinated and efficient operation of other institutions. It is required to reduce multi-head management and reduce scattered responsibilities. The fourth is to set up a management and guarantee institution for retired military personnel, coordinate all forces, and better serve retired military personnel. Fifth, the functions of institutions at the provincial, city and county levels involving centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, national legal system, government decrees and markets should basically correspond; Decentralize economic and social management matters that are directly oriented to the grassroots, large in quantity and wide in scope, and more convenient and effective for local implementation to local governments. Allow local authorities to set up institutions and allocate functions according to local conditions, allowing not only "one-to-many",Many-to-one is also allowed.

(5) The results of the reform should be legalized. It is a successful practice to solidify and institutionalize the reform results through legalization in recent years. The "Decision" pointed out that the legalization of institutional establishment is an important guarantee for deepening the reform of the party and state institutions. In view of the problems that the standardization and legalization of institutional establishment in China are relatively lagging behind, and the management methods of institutional establishment need to be improved, the "Decision" clearly requires promoting the legalization of institutional establishment. It is necessary to manage all kinds of organizations according to law and accelerate the legalization of institutions, functions, authorities, procedures and responsibilities. The first is to improve the laws and regulations of the party and state institutions. Strengthen the construction of laws and regulations within the party, study and formulate the organization establishment law, and enhance the seriousness and authority of the "three decisions" provisions. We will fully implement the power and responsibility list system of government departments, realize the organic connection between the power and responsibility list and the "three decisions", and standardize and constrain the performance of duties. The second is to strengthen the rigid constraints of institutional staffing management. Strengthen the party’s centralized and unified leadership over the organization establishment, make overall use of various establishment resources, and increase the overall deployment of establishment between departments and regions. Strict implementation of institutional limits, the number of leadership positions, the types and total amount of preparation and other provisions. Strictly control supernumerary employees. The third is to increase the investigation and punishment of violations of discipline and law in the organization, and seriously pursue accountability.

Third, effectively guarantee the effective promotion of institutional reform

Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a systematic project, with arduous and complicated tasks and great difficulty in organizing and implementing. We must adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, adhere to the correct direction of reform, unify our thoughts and actions with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, and unify them with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", resolutely safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and centralize and unify leadership, grasp the relationship between reform, development and stability, strengthen confidence, seize opportunities, and focus on solving outstanding contradictions in stages.

　　(1) Strengthening Party leadership. Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a major event in the current political life of the party and state. We must give full play to the party’s leading core role in the overall situation of reform, development and stability, and lead and promote this major reform with the party’s political advantages. The unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee deepens the reform of party and state institutions, and plays the role of overall coordination, overall promotion and supervision and implementation. It is necessary to strengthen the systematicness, integrity and coordination of the reform, and strengthen the coordination of institutional reforms in all aspects of the party, government and military groups, so that all reforms can promote each other and complement each other to form an overall effect. All localities and departments must resolutely implement the task of deepening the reform of the party and state institutions set by the CPC Central Committee, and party committees and governments must fulfill their main responsibilities, dare to take responsibility and dare to face difficulties.

　　(2) Implementing the reform plan in an orderly manner according to law. The requirements of institutional reform should ultimately be reflected in the reform plan. All localities and departments should conscientiously implement the reform plan determined by the central authorities, so as to ensure a steady pace. If laws and regulations need to be formulated or amended to implement the institutional reform plan, relevant procedures should be started in time. In formulating specific implementation plans such as the "three decisions", all departments, especially those involved in the adjustment of institutional functions, should pay attention to the overall situation, consciously obey the central decision, ensure that institutional functions are adjusted in place in time as required, and pay close attention to the completion of transfer and handover, and are not allowed to make changes or delay reforms. Under the unified deployment of the CPC Central Committee, the central and provincial institutional reforms were initiated, and the institutional reforms below the provincial level were carried out after the provincial institutional reforms were basically completed.

　　(3) Give full play to the initiative of the central and local authorities. China has a vast territory and a large population, and the situation at all levels is very different. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the central government, strengthen the top-level design and overall planning, intensify breakthroughs when conditions are ripe, and do a good job of connecting with reforms in other fields, so as to achieve a game of chess and consistent actions throughout the country; On the other hand, we should also give full consideration to local conditions, mobilize and give full play to local enthusiasm and creativity, and encourage local and grass-roots units to actively explore according to local conditions. For practices of universal significance, it is necessary to sum up experience and promote them nationwide in time.

　　(4) Do a solid and meticulous implementation work. Deepening institutional reform involves the adjustment of the interests of departments and individuals, and the specific implementation of the reform plan is challenging. Some institutional adjustments will be put in place within a few months after the introduction of the plan; Some reforms may take some time, which requires careful work. Party committees and governments at all levels should fulfill their leadership responsibilities for deepening the institutional reform of the Party and the state, study and solve new situations and new problems arising in the process of institutional reform, strengthen ideological and political work, and do a good job in patiently and meticulously explaining and educating the departments and individuals involved, so as to ensure that their thoughts are not chaotic, their ranks are not scattered, and their operations are normal. Relevant departments should correctly guide public opinion, do a good job in propaganda, interpretation and answering questions, create a good social environment, and ensure the smooth, orderly and effective progress of all work.

　　Reporter Fang Liang, Shi Dongbai and Zhao Jing reported that from May 19th to 20th, the second reading class of the provincial party committee to study and implement the theme education of the supreme leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era and the learning seminar of the theoretical learning center group of the provincial party committee were held in Shenyang. The theme of this reading class is to thoroughly study and understand the important exposition of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on the comprehensive and strict administration of the Party, to firmly implement the important requirements of "stressing honesty, understanding rules and observing discipline", to remain absolutely loyal to the Party, to keep the true nature of politics forever, to deeply reflect on the root causes of a series of corruption cases in Liaoning, to continue to clean up and repair the political ecology, to make the Party strong and the political ecology clean, and to provide a strong political guarantee for Liaoning’s comprehensive revitalization of new breakthroughs. Hao Peng, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, Li Lecheng, Deputy Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee and Governor, and Zhou Bo, Chairman of the Provincial Political Consultative Conference, attended the reading class and presided over group exchanges and discussions respectively.

　　During the reading class, provincial leaders concentrated on the important speech made by the Supreme Leader at the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the spirit of relevant documents of the Central Committee, carefully studied the important exposition of the Supreme Leader on comprehensively administering the Party strictly, carefully studied the selected readings of the Supreme Leader’s works, the Outline of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era of the Supreme Leader, and On the Party’s Self-Revolution by the Supreme Leader, and achieved solid results in building souls, enhancing wisdom, rectifying morals and promoting cadres through learning. The reading class spent one day in group exchange and discussion. Everyone deeply reflected on the root causes and serious harm of a series of corruption cases in Liaoning, put their own responsibilities into it, put their work in charge of the field into it, and talked about understanding, experience and improvement measures. They said that they should resolutely implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader and the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, pay attention to high-quality development on the one hand, strictly manage the party in an all-round way on the other, take the lead in assuming the political responsibility of managing the party and the party, and constantly improve the level of managing the party.

　　Hao Peng said in the exchange seminar that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has made a series of important speeches and made a series of important instructions on comprehensively administering the Party strictly, clearly put forward the general requirements for Party building in the new era, made clear the direction path from the aspects of the fundamental principles, policies, main line foundation, overall layout and overall objectives of Party building, and scientifically answered the major questions of "what kind of Marxist party to be in power for a long time and how to build it". General Secretary Supreme Leader’s important exposition on comprehensively and strictly administering the Party has provided us with fundamental follow-up for strengthening Party building in the new era and comprehensively and strictly administering the Party. We should conscientiously study and implement, do a solid job in implementation, continue to carry forward the spirit of self-revolution, resolutely "stress honesty, understand rules and observe discipline", persist in strict tone, strict measures and strict atmosphere for a long time, promote the comprehensive and strict development of the party, continuously purify the political ecology, and provide a strong political guarantee for winning the "Liaoshen Campaign" in the new era and building a Chinese-style modern new Liaoning.

　　Hao Peng said: Since the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our province has successively held the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th Provincial Party Committee, the Fifth Plenary Session and the Plenary Session of the Provincial Discipline Inspection Commission, formulated and promulgated the Opinions on Unswervingly Advancing the Comprehensive and Strict Administration of the Party and Focusing on Building a Clean and Upright Political Ecology, and the "1+5+2" series of documents on curbing the increase of corruption and eliminating the stock of corruption, held the conference on continuously purifying the political ecology and warning education in the province, and made systematic arrangements and careful arrangements for the management of the party and the party in the province, which was released. Strictly administering the party in an all-round way is always on the road, and the party’s self-revolution is always on the road. We should always put the party’s political construction in the first place, firmly support the "two establishment", resolutely achieve the "two maintenance", strengthen political supervision, and resolutely correct the problems such as the weakening of the party’s political construction and the lack of political responsibility. We should persist in using the Party’s innovative theory to build a soul, make great efforts in deep study, careful understanding and perseverance, truly master Marxist housekeeping skills, and consciously use them to arm our minds, guide practice and promote work. We must firmly grasp the clear orientation of selecting and employing people, highlight the principle of party management of cadres, strictly implement the standards of good cadres in the new era, and strive to improve the accuracy of selecting and employing people and the matching between people and posts. It is necessary to take system construction as a fundamental solution, tighten the cage of the system, highlight the responsibility mechanism of "top leaders" and the supervision mechanism of "top leaders".Effectively strengthen the enforcement of laws and regulations within the party. We should persevere in rectifying the wind and discipline, conscientiously implement the spirit of the eight central regulations and the detailed rules for the implementation of the provincial party committee, continue to deepen the rectification of "four winds", always maintain a good work style, strive for high morale, and promote the three-year action to achieve solid results. We should punish corruption with a zero-tolerance attitude, maintain the courage to face up to the problem and the firmness of the blade inward, and promote it as one, not daring to rot, not wanting to rot. Provincial leading cadres should take the lead in self-examination and self-examination, consciously accept supervision, and be builders and defenders of beautiful political ecology.

　　During the exchange seminar, Li Lecheng said that it is necessary to thoroughly implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on comprehensively and strictly administering the Party, firmly grasp the political direction of comprehensively and strictly administering the Party in accordance with the work requirements of the provincial party committee, firmly defend the "two establishment" and resolutely achieve the "two maintenance" in implementing the political responsibility of managing the Party and the Party, and consciously stress honesty, understand rules and observe discipline, so as to provide a strong guarantee for the implementation of the three-year action of comprehensively revitalizing and breaking through. It is necessary to give full play to the political leading and political guarantee role of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, adhere to the foundation of high-quality party building, and push the high-quality economic development to a new level; Break obstacles and clear obstacles with high-quality party building, and promote reform and innovation into the fast lane; Build a cohesive force with high-quality party building to promote new achievements in people’s livelihood work; Knowing the danger by high-quality party building, and promoting risk prevention and control to be more solid and powerful; With high-quality party building, we will promote the development of the party’s work style and clean government, actively participate in theme education, continue to work hard to start businesses, and promote new progress and breakthroughs in all work of the government system with new weather and new actions.

　　Zhou Bo said in the exchange seminar that strictly administering the Party in an all-round way is a major strategic plan made by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core to coordinate the two overall domestic and international situations and to take charge of great struggles, great projects, great undertakings and great dreams. In the new era and new journey, we must implement the requirements of strictly administering the party in an all-round way in all aspects, links and specific work of party building, firmly support the "two establishment" and resolutely achieve the "two maintenance", enhance the ability of self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation and self-improvement, and earnestly shoulder the political responsibility of managing the party. The party’s leading cadres, especially senior cadres, should play an exemplary and leading role, profoundly absorb the lessons of a series of corruption cases in Liaoning, resolutely resist the idea of official standard, guide the selection and employment of people, and consciously accept supervision. The CPPCC organizations should implement the requirements of strictly administering the party in an all-round way with a higher position, stricter standards and more practical measures, and truly play the role of "important positions", "important platforms" and "important channels" of the CPPCC.

　　Liu Qifan, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, secretary of the Provincial Discipline Inspection Commission and director of the Provincial Supervision Commission, made a speech at the center. Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, Deputy Director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, Vice Governor of the Provincial Government, Vice Chairman of the Provincial Political Consultative Conference, President of the Provincial Court and Procurator-General of the Provincial Procuratorate attended the reading class. Responsible comrades of relevant provincial departments attended the meeting.

From October 26 to 29, 2015, the fifth plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

　　The Fourth Session of the Twelfth National People’s Congress and the Fourth Session of the Twelfth National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference will be held in Beijing on March 5 and March 3, 2016 respectively. As a grand blueprint for China’s economic and social development and a program of action for the people of all ethnic groups in China, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" will undoubtedly become a topic of great concern for the two sessions.

　　From the strategic layout of "Chinese Dream" to "Four Comprehensiveness", from the great judgment of "three-phase superposition" to "the new normal of economic development", from the economic guidance of "firmly establishing five development concepts" to "moderately expanding total demand while focusing on strengthening supply-side structural reform" … … Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has been far-sighted, taking the overall situation into consideration, put forward new ideas, new concepts and new strategies for governing the country, and formed a series of expositions on economic work with great guidance, foresight and pertinence from the stage characteristics of China’s economic development. These discourses fully embody the overall, systematic, ecological and realistic view of the supreme leader’s economy, and its core essence is nothing more than these eight words — — Coordinated development and overall consideration.

From November 24 to 26, 2015, the supreme leader was at the Central Military Commission Reform Work Conference.

　　coordinated development

　　Coordinated development is the key to development during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. It is not only a development means, but also a development goal, and it is also a standard and yardstick for evaluating development.

　　The supreme leader has repeatedly stressed the importance of coordinated development. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee focused on the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way and put forward the concept of "coordinated development". The supreme leader pointed out: "Next is good ‘ Thirteenth Five-Year Plan ’ Coordinated development is the key to success in a national chess game developed during the period. "

　　To adhere to coordinated development and take root in the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause, the key lies in handling the major relations in the development process, which are embodied in promoting coordinated regional development, coordinated urban and rural development, and coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization.

From November 27 to 28, 2015, the top leaders were at the Central Poverty Alleviation and Development Work Conference.

　　Promoting regional coordinated development lies in shaping a new pattern of regional coordinated development with orderly and free flow of factors, effective constraint of main functions, equal basic public services and bearable resources and environment.

　　The Supreme Leader pointed out: "Coordinated regional development is an important part of overall development, which is closely related to coordinated urban and rural development. The imbalance of regional development has the effect of economic laws, but the excessive regional gap is also a political issue that needs attention. Regional coordinated development is not an average development or isomorphic development, but a differentiated coordinated development with complementary advantages. "

　　Promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas lies in improving the system and mechanism of urban and rural development integration, improving the long-term mechanism of rural infrastructure investment, promoting the extension of urban public services to rural areas, and improving the level of building a new socialist countryside.

　　"Urban and rural integration should be well coordinated, and issues such as the flow of people, layout and social development in urban and rural integration should be well planned." The Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed: "The linkage between urban and rural areas is to break the dual structure of urban and rural areas, combine the development of block economy with the promotion of urbanization, promote the coordinated development of regional economy, and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas."

　　Promoting the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization lies in accelerating cultural reform and development, strengthening the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, building a socialist cultural power, strengthening ideological and moral construction and social integrity construction, enhancing national awareness, rule of law awareness and social responsibility awareness, advocating scientific spirit and carrying forward Chinese traditional virtues.

　　Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that to correctly handle the relationship between material civilization and spiritual civilization with a dialectical, comprehensive and balanced view, only when the construction of material civilization and spiritual civilization is well done, the material and spiritual strength of the country is enhanced, and the material and spiritual lives of people of all ethnic groups in China are improved, can the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics move forward smoothly.

From December 20 to 21, 2015, the top leaders worked in the central city.

　　协调发展符合马克思主义哲学思想，是发展两点论和重点论的统一，是发展平衡和不平衡的统一，是发展短板和潜力的统一。贯彻落实习总书记重要思想，要学会运用辩证法，善于“弹钢琴”，处理好局部和全局、当前和长远、重点和非重点的关系。

　　统筹兼顾

　　最高领袖指出，谋划“十三五”时期发展，要清醒认识面临的风险和挑战，把难点和复杂性估计得更充分一些，把各种风险想得更深入一些，把各方面情况考虑得更周全一些，搞好统筹兼顾。

　　十八大以来，以最高领袖同志为总书记的党中央坚持实践创新、理论创新，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，坚持统筹国内国际两个大局，毫不动摇坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，党和国家各项事业取得了新的重大成就。

　　“统筹兼顾是中国共产党的一个科学方法论。它的哲学内涵就是马克思主义辩证法。”最高领袖指出，“十三五”期间，我们要做好经济与社会、城乡区域、人与自然、国内国外、政治经济文化、新“四化”、政府与市场、经济建设与国防建设等重大关系的协调发展，以确保如期全面建成小康社会。他强调：“涉及经济、政治、文化、社会发展各个领域，其根本要求是统筹兼顾。”

　　The key to overall consideration is to coordinate interests.

　　Regional development needs overall planning. The economic development in the eastern region of China is relatively fast, and the four major cities of "North, Guangzhou and Shenzhen" are facing new problems in the development of large urbanization; Many first-tier cities along the coast have benefited from the policies of provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and actively applied for the construction of free trade zones. The development of the central and western regions is relatively backward, which has great development potential and space.

　　Urban and rural development needs overall planning. Urban development should be scientifically planned and reasonably constructed to avoid disorderly and repeated construction, especially in densely populated cities.

　　The development of material civilization and spiritual civilization needs to be coordinated. With the rapid development of cities, planning and construction should protect the historical and cultural heritage, develop Chinese and Western medicine together, encourage the inheritance and innovation of Chinese medicine, and respect the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, which is the concrete embodiment of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s patriotism and the concrete practice of the unity of patriotism and socialism.

On January 18, 2016, the top leaders studied and implemented the opening ceremony of the spirit seminar of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee at the provincial and ministerial level.

　　Economic "comprehensive" view

　　From Mao Zedong’s thought of "playing the piano" to Deng Xiaoping’s theory of "two hands" to the supreme leader’s "all-round" view, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s idea and methodology of overall planning and coordinated development have not only been well inherited, but also developed with the times.

　　In 2015, China’s GDP growth rate stabilized to 6.9%. At present, China’s economy is in the stage of structural adjustment, and the labor cost and the carrying capacity of resources and environment have quietly changed. The international market’s demand for China’s economic development has changed, and China’s high-tech development is full of challenges. However, challenges and opportunities coexist, and China’s economy has the potential of high economic growth again on both the demand side and the supply side.

　　On the demand side, the per capita income of China residents is constantly increasing, and there is huge room for growth in consumption, which will become an important driving force for China’s economic growth. Supporting the reform of the residence permit system in cities and the adjustment of taxes and fees for real estate transactions, the China property market shows signs of recovery; China-Australia and China-South Korea FTA are being implemented in stages, and coastal airports have set up duty-free storefronts, and a large number of consumer goods will flood into China; Holiday travel has become the main choice for people’s life and leisure. During the Spring Festival holiday, domestic famous scenic spots are full of tourists, and overseas travel and purchasing are also in full swing. The consumption of new youth groups, mainly those born after 1990s and 00, has increased rapidly in cinema lines and electronic products … … China’s enterprise investment also has a broad growth space. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council, with the Supreme Leader as the general secretary, encourage China’s powerful enterprises and excellent technology to "go global". China-Africa cooperation has a long history. The development strategy of "Belt and Road" has deepened the friendship and cooperation between China and Middle Eastern countries. The Asian Investment Bank has been officially listed and formal investment projects will be implemented soon.

　　At the same time, enterprises with excellent high-tech have also gained a foothold overseas. China high-speed rail technology, China nuclear energy technology, China communication power technology and so on are all technology-oriented, driving China enterprises to invest abroad.

　　On the supply side, China’s economy is upgrading and adjusting its industrial structure, striving to change the economic structure dominated by labor output value and gradually increase the proportion of technology output value and capital output value in the economic structure; Change the growth mode that relied on quantity and labor force in the past, and turn to the growth mode that relied on quality and capital technology. In terms of capital growth, the demographic dividend of China’s economic and social labor force has been gradually relaxed. There are more than 200 million young people born in the 1980s, and more than 100 million young people born in the 1990s and after 00. The relative reduction of the young and middle-aged population has brought rapid growth opportunities to China’s savings and capital markets. In terms of technological growth, the innovation-driven development strategy is leading the vigorous development of high-tech in China, attracting domestic and foreign capital to invest in high-tech enterprises and strengthening international cooperation and development.

　　On January 29th, 2016, during the 30th collective study in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, the Supreme Leader emphasized: "Accurately grasp the strategic priorities of China’s development, make sure that we have a clear idea, implement strategies, and act with strategies. With a promising mental state, the will to fight against difficulties, and the urgency to seize the day, we will surely turn the grand blueprint of the 13th Five-Year Plan into reality step by step by grasping the development strategic priorities and driving the overall development."

　　Zhongxin. com, Xi ‘an, November 23 (Cai Yan, Zhang Yichen) On the morning of the 23rd, Li Jianhua, a student majoring in industrial design at Chang ‘an University, squeezed out from the crowded recruitment venue, without handing out a resume in his backpack.

　　"If you want to find a job with good welfare, you can take a regular trip, take paid annual leave and so on. There are too few suitable ones!" In the past two months, Li Jianhua has run through three or four "unsuccessful" job fairs. "Work is a matter for the rest of your life, so you have to find happiness and meaning!"

　　Li Jianhua’s job-hunting experience is a microcosm of the employment changes of college students in China. For many post-90s job seekers, it is more important to satisfy their interests and realize the meaning of life than to pursue salary. On the 23rd, the reporter saw at the winter job fair for graduates of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University that 304 employers had released more than 14,000 jobs, which greatly exceeded the number of job seekers entering the market. However, due to the promotion mechanism, welfare subsidies, platform prospects and other issues, many college students who came to apply for jobs still "stayed put".

　　Several employers have read the ideas of post-90s job seekers, and marked "Solving Beijing Hukou", "Central Enterprise Background" and "Free Travel" in prominent positions in recruitment posters to attract people to come for consultation and submit resumes. According to feedback from many employers, fewer and fewer college students talk about salary, and they are generally more concerned about soft benefits such as "corporate reputation", "settling accounts", "paid annual leave", "employee travel", "rental subsidy" and even "options".

　　Yang Yun majored in public administration in Xi ‘an Jiaotong University. In her view, "five insurances and one gold", "transportation subsidy" and "holiday welfare" should be the "standard welfare" of enterprises, with little difference, but a perfect training and promotion system, an efficient and humanized management team and a corporate culture that encourages innovation are the key to consider the strength of enterprises.

　　"Soft benefits are actually an indirect salary embodiment, which is very attractive to job seekers. Enterprises are also constantly improving the welfare mechanism, enhancing the cultural atmosphere, and adapting to the changes in the concept of job hunting of the new generation of employees. " Huang Qi, personnel manager of a technology company, said.

　　The employment of college students has always been a hot issue of social concern. According to data from the Ministry of Education, there were about 7.95 million college graduates in 2017, 300,000 more than in 2016. In 2017, there were more than 330,000 college graduates in Shaanxi Province, and the market-oriented employment situation is still grim.

　　In this regard, Yang Yuan, a student of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, said that graduates are prone to the phenomenon of unclear goals, unclear career plans and impetuous work. They should adjust their psychological status in a timely and reasonable manner, find their own position, and actively seek career guidance. Schools are particularly important for college students’ career planning education. Offering more relevant career planning courses, innovation and entrepreneurship training courses, holding career guidance activities and employment seminars can guide students to establish a correct concept of career choice and provide greater career space and opportunities.

Iranian personnel pushed the captured American unmanned boat off the deck (Iranian state television)

U.S. unmanned boat (data map)

　　Overseas network September 3 rd According to Iranian state television, on September 1, local time, an Iranian destroyer captured two U.S. unmanned boats for security reasons while carrying out an anti-terrorism mission in the Red Sea, and released them after warning the U.S. to be responsible for maritime security. Earlier this week, a similar incident occurred in the Persian Gulf.

Iranian personnel pushed the captured American unmanned boat off the deck (Iranian state television)

　　The picture released by Iranian national television shows that after the Iraqi personnel completed the necessary inspections and ensured the safety of the route, they pushed the US unmanned boat off the deck of the ship and released it to a safe area.

Iranian state television reported the picture.

　　According to CNN, the US Navy Central Command said that after learning that the unmanned boat was detained, the US military quickly dispatched two destroyers and two helicopters to intervene, and demanded the Iraqi side to return the unmanned boat through radio communication. The U.S. military also stressed that the captured unmanned boats were taking unclassified photos at that time, and they had been running in international waters for more than 200 days without accidents.

On August 30th, the Iranian navy towed away an American unmanned boat (US Navy).

　　On the evening of August 30, local time, an American unmanned boat with its navigation system cut off was towed away by the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Navy in the Persian Gulf. After the US negotiated, the Iraqi side released the unmanned boat. Iranian media said that in recent weeks, a large number of American unmanned boats were sent from Bahrain to international waters and international waterways, which violated the safety agreement and affected the passage of the waterway. (Overseas network Liu Qiang)

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Source: USA Today

Translation: Juan

Editor: Jiangnan

[translator’s note]

On Monday (June 27th), the bodies of more than 40 immigrants were found on an overheated trailer on an industrial road in the south of San Antonio. The death toll has climbed to 51.

For decades, deaths have not been uncommon on this busiest smuggling route. Nevertheless, the staggering number on Monday, more than any one in recent memory, shocked law enforcement agencies and immigration advocates.

This scale may reflect that the border is now closed more than at any time in history, and people are beginning to look for more dangerous ways to cross the border, including smuggling in the hot summer season. The death toll has also started to rise. In 2021, at least 650 migrants died crossing the US-Mexico border, more than in any year since the United Nations-affiliated International Organization for Migration began tracking data in 2014.

In this article, the reporter is concerned about another cross-border route located in Arizona, which is in a hot desert. Without snakeheads and extra water, the chances of stowaways surviving are almost zero. So why do people risk crossing the border?

Borders and border walls in the desert.

The Supreme Court has undergone a fundamental change.

On the map, the desert in southwest Arizona is an empty land, the area of which is equivalent to that of Connecticut, a sea of nothingness.

On the map of death, it is a red ocean.

For those who are determined to enter the United States, this is a way out: a fence that can be crossed, an empty land that few people pay attention to, and a promise to the north. But in reality, if there is no snakehead as a guide and no additional water source is found, there is no way to cross.

So people die here and keep dying.

Selene Ramirez has obviously never hiked in the desert. On a day when the temperature will soar to 108 degrees Fahrenheit at the end of June, Ramirez carried her small backpack on her back, and obviously she didn’t have enough water to walk for five hours.

However, several illegal immigrants who passed by reported that there was a body in the desert. Ramirez is worried that this is the body of her 25-year-old brother carlos martinez. He crossed the border illegally in mid-June, and then he lost contact.

If it belongs to her brother, Ramirez is determined to find it.

"Some people think they are just illegal immigrants trying to cross the border. They don’t realize that they are human beings, and their families are thinking about them, "Ramirez said, taking the first step, walking into the furnace-like heat to seek answers.

More people died in the desert.

A hastily made cross represents the end of a stowaway’s journey here.

According to the Arizona Dead Immigrant Action Organization, since 2001, at least 2,832 bodies of immigrants have been found in southern Arizona. Nearly 40%(1089 people) have never been identified.

This initiative is a joint project of Humane Borders in Tucson and Pima County Medical Examiner’s Office. The project marks the location of every dead immigrant found on an interactive map. There are many red circles on the map, and southern Arizona is like a sea of blood.

But Chelsea Halstead, deputy director of the Corebury Center for Human Rights, said that the area has not always been a huge graveyard for immigrants. According to the data of OpenGIS, before 2000, fewer than five people were found dead every year in southern Arizona.

However, in 2001, with the surge of undocumented immigrants from Mexico to the United States and the strengthening of border security measures in California and Texas, more immigrants entered the United States through more remote and dangerous routes in Arizona, and the number soared to 79.

In 2010, 224 human remains were found, reaching the peak.

Since then, the number of arrests by the Border Patrol, which represents the number of people crossing the border illegally, has dropped significantly. Despite this, according to OpenGIS data, the number of immigrant deaths found every year is still high, with 169 people found in 2016.

Horstead said that the data showed that more people chose more dangerous routes and crossed more dangerous terrain.

Horstead said: "What we know is that people will find a way (through) with or without walls."

"What we can predict is that more people will be put in danger … more of them will die in the desert."

When Ramirez reported her brother’s disappearance, the center had 2,454 cases of missing immigrants reported by family members within the border. Among these immigrants, 1,560 are missing in Arizona, 286 in Texas, 80 in California and 4 in New Mexico. The rest just disappeared on the border, but I don’t know the exact location.

Ramirez said that her brother carlos martinez has lived in Arizona almost all his life. Their mother brought him to America illegally when he was nine months old. Four years later, Ramirez was born in Phoenix, so she is an American citizen, but her brother is not.

Ramirez said that his brother regards Arizona as his home. He tattooed "AZ" on his left shoulder. She said he was funny and caring, and often stopped to buy a snack for the homeless people in the street.

But in 2016, her brother was deported.

Prepare for the worst: Selena Ramirez is carrying her brother carlos martinez’s Mexican voter card. She said that if they found his body, it might help to identify him.

Their mother moved back to Canaria in Sonora a few years ago. Ramirez said that after Martinez was deported, he moved in with his mother. But he is eager to return to Phoenix.

"He doesn’t want to stay in Mexico anymore," Ramirez said. "He doesn’t like it. He feels very strange. "

But it is a felony to illegally re-enter the United States after being deported. This may explain why he decided to embark on such a distant and dangerous route.

Martinez stocked up on food and water before smuggling. According to him, he will cross the border with eight or nine other people.

He was probably put down by a snakehead near the 19-kilometer sign on Mexico Highway 2, about 12 miles west of Sonoita, and then passed there. There are roadblocks here, too, but they are used to stop vehicles from passing, and people can easily climb over them.

What is even more frightening is the other side. It takes 80 miles to reach the most common smuggling destination-Gilabend. It may take 7 to 10 days to cross the mountainous desert terrain on foot.

马丁内斯越境两天后，拉米雷斯接到了他的一个同伴打来的电话。

他告诉她马丁内斯开始感到不舒服。他在呕吐。一开始他说他要向边境巡逻队自首。然后他决定继续走下去。那是这个人最后一次见到他。

接下来的两天，拉米雷斯一直在打电话，想知道她哥哥发生了什么事。她给边境巡逻队、移民和海关执法局、管风琴仙人掌国家纪念碑和墨西哥领事馆打了电话。

没有找到他的任何记录。

“我一直希望他被移民局拘留了，但他没有，”拉米雷斯说。“我们不会失去希望。除非我看到我哥哥的尸体，否则他就是活着的。”

“骨头！”

6月23日上午11点多一点，人道主义团体“不再有死亡”（No More Deaths）的志愿者们排起了长队。

他们走在沙漠的灌木丛中，低着头，眼睛扫视着地面，在基诺峰以南进行网格搜索，移民报告说在那里看到了一具尸体，可能是拉米雷斯哥哥的尸体。

一个志愿者刚刚发现了一根骨头。队伍停了下来。

其中一名志愿者是一名兽医。她告诉该组织领导人斯科特·沃伦（Scott Warren），它看起来像一块大腿骨。但它看起来太小了，不像是人类。她说，它可能来自一头鹿。

Warren used GPS to locate the place. He also took several photos, and planned to send the coordinates and photos to the Pima County Forensic Medicine Office, so that officials could determine whether the bones came from animals or humans.

Volunteers continue to search.

Then the group stopped to rest in a sparse shade.

This place is full of fragments left by stowaways when they are resting: empty tuna cans, food wrapping paper, torn clothes, backpacks, and black plastic gallon kettles specially sold to immigrants in Mexico, because they are not reflective and will not attract the attention of the border patrol.

As part of the organization’s efforts to prevent the death of immigrants, No More Death volunteers regularly put down fresh water and bagged beans in the same place.

Warren said that when the stowaways arrived here, they had walked for a day or two, 15 to 20 miles from the border, but 60 miles from Gilabend, and they had to walk for five to seven days.

Scott Warren of the humanitarian organization No More Death and other volunteers went to Arizona Organ Cactus National Monument to find the remains of immigrants.

The temperature that day was above 105 degrees. "You need more than one gallon of water a day, maybe close to two gallons," Warren said. "If you calculate, you have to prepare 15 gallons of water. That is about 130 pounds. You really can’t carry so much water. "

This helps to explain why so many stowaways have died.

No one knows how many bodies have not been found, but there may be thousands.

The summer heat exhausted the volunteers’ energy, so they decided to get back in the car and park it near the rescue lighthouse of the border patrol two miles away.

Suddenly, a man appeared out of nowhere, jumped out of the bushes and waved his arms.

This is an immigrant.

"We have water," a volunteer shouted in Spanish.

"We are lost," the man shouted. "We need help."

On this day, Irineo Mujica followed the "No More Death" group, hoping to help find Martinez. He and Martinez met in an immigrant shelter in Sonoita.

While other volunteers were waiting under a tree, mujica followed Warren and the stowaway to a small white leaf tree.

Another stowaway was lying in the shade on the ground. They have no water.

While the volunteers were treating the two stowaways, a third person came. He went to look for water earlier. He told mujica that he had seen a body when he was chased by the border patrol not far from the foot of the mountain the day before.

Muhika said that after receiving help, these immigrants decided to return to Mexico on foot instead of turning themselves in. So the volunteers left them under the tree and went back to the car by themselves.

Search again

Four days later, on June 27th, mujica decided to go back and look for it himself. This time he brought Ramirez.

Less than an hour after the search, Ramirez was a little overwhelmed. She often stops to have a rest and drinks some hot water.

During the search, Ramirez found the shoes and clothes left by a cross-border person in Organ Cactus National Memorial Park.

She tried to take a few sips of drink. But at the high temperature of 108 degrees Fahrenheit, the taste of electrolyte drinks is disgusting. She left it on a rock, next to which was a deep beach full of debris discarded by immigrants.

Ramirez said, "I left it there for those who need it more than I do."

This area is full of migration paths across the desert.

When she reached a ridge, Ramirez met a tragic scene. Someone tore off all his clothes-shoes, socks, shirts, trousers, underwear-and threw them on the rocks, which is evidence of someone’s extreme pain.

Ramirez looked at his shoes. She concluded that these things were not her brother’s. He is wearing white shoes. These shoes are all black.

The probability of going out by yourself is zero.

Agent Daniel Hernandez parked his border patrol car next to Highway 85. He listened to the crackle of the radio and explained why this part of the border was so dangerous.

First of all, the terrain here is very barren, and immigrants can’t cross it without the help of snakeheads, so they are tantamount to handing their lives into the hands of strangers. If stowaways are injured or sick, snakeheads will leave them behind.

He said: "The probability of them going out by themselves is zero."

What about Trump’s border wall? Does this help prevent immigrants from dying?

Hernandez said that he would not comment on political issues. But he said that fences alone can’t stop people from crossing the border illegally.

Roger Antonio Paz Leiden, a 28-year-old man from Nicaragua, was arrested by border officials 10 days after crossing the desert in southern Arizona.

"The wall is to create time for agents to deal with illegal entry. It can’t stop anyone outside. "

Later that day, Hernandez heard someone calling on the radio. A helicopter of the Department of Homeland Security found two stowaways running south at Charlie Bell Pass while patrolling in the air.

After chasing for a short time on foot in the desert, the agents caught one of the immigrants.

The 28-year-old immigrant said that his name is Roger Antonio Paizleton and he is from Nicaragua. He walked in the desert for 10 days, trying to reach Gila Bend. He said that he saw at least 10 bodies along the way.

It’s almost one o’clock in the afternoon The sun is high above. Now the temperature is close to 111 degrees Fahrenheit. Ramirez and mujica have been looking for it for two and a half hours. Ramirez also began to feel unwell.

"I feel very anxious," she said. "I feel cold."

Signs of dehydration.

Now it’s four miles to get back to the truck. When they arrived, Ramirez was already limping. She has blisters on her feet. Her head hurts.

She climbed into the back seat and took off her hat and glasses.

After taking some painkillers and drinking more water, she began to feel much better.

She said: "I don’t know how they can persist in walking for seven or eight days. It is their dream to come to America. This is their motivation to move on. They want to enter the land full of opportunities. I walked for four or five hours, and I can’t walk any further. "

On the way back to Aqiao, Ramirez called his mother who was waiting for news in Sonoita.

Ramirez told her in Spanish: "We didn’t find anything."

Photo of the baby girl next to the body

The remains of the deceased counted by the medical examiner’s office.

A corpse was lying on a stretcher in the corpse collection office of Pima County Forensic Medicine Office, and death investigators Jean Hernandez and Travis hairston were counting the relics of the deceased.

Every time hairston says something, Hernandez will input it into the computer.

A green camouflage shirt. A Nike hoodie. Two pairs of socks. Blue underwear. Blue jeans. Black belt. A water bottle, still full. All kinds of packaged food. Three mobile phones and a charger.

Investigators didn’t find any identification. But the dead immigrant wore a white plastic ring with "Dany Karen" engraved on it. These personal belongings may help investigators identify the body.

In the morning, the border patrol found the body while chasing seven immigrants. The body was located under a tree in a desert area about 30 miles southwest of Tucson.

尸体被运到皮马县法医办公室，所有在亚利桑那州南部发现的移民尸体最后都在那里。

在亚利桑那州阿乔附近的管风琴仙人掌国家纪念公园，志愿者分散开来，寻找偷渡者的尸体。

赫斯后来说，当天运来的尸体被确认为来自危地马拉的31岁移民阿尔弗雷多·巴勃罗·戈麦斯。遗体被送往殡仪馆，送回危地马拉。

但其他遗骸就不那么容易辨认了。那些在6个月到1年还未被确定身份的尸体，最后被火化并安葬在图森公墓。

公墓里挤满了身份不明的移民。

埃尔南德斯说：“不管出于什么原因，边境越军事化，人们就越是要往沙漠深处走，这已经不是什么秘密了。”

突然，有人敲了埃尔南德斯的门。

海尔斯顿招呼了一声：“又有案子了。”

这一次，尸体位于银铃矿，这个地方在图森以西60英里，靠近托霍诺奥德姆保护区的边界。

在死者的裤子口袋里，海尔斯顿发现了一张6月6日从墨西哥城飞往埃莫西约的登机牌。

海尔斯顿还发现了一个十字架、一些墨西哥比索、五张20美元钞票、一张墨西哥驾照和一张墨西哥选民卡。选民卡上的名字是胡安·曼纽尔·桑多瓦尔。他现年46岁。

Finally, hairston took out seven small photos, probably of the deceased’s family. Four of the photos are children: a boy and three girls. Two are women: one is about his age, and the other is older, probably his mother. The last photo is bigger than the others.

The photo is of a baby girl wearing a pink sweater with long black hair. Black eyes looked straight at the camera.

She seems to be crying.

reunite

On July 17th, a group of stowaways found a body in the desert not far from where Martinez was last seen. These people carried their bodies for more than 10 miles back to Mexico, and then called mujica.

The male body was badly decomposed and unrecognizable. But mujica thinks that these remains may belong to Martinez, a missing immigrant, because there are several clues. White and neat teeth indicate that the body belongs to a young man. He has black hair; The brand of camouflage clothes and underwear he wears is the same as that Martinez wore before crossing the border.

A few days later, Selena Ramirez’s mother took a bus for six hours to identify the body, and she also provided her own DNA sample.

Two months later, the DNA test results gave the family an answer. That’s really Selena’s brother.

Original title: "Deep | In this desert in the United States, stowaways die and die constantly"

Read the original text