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[Editor’s note]The imperial examination system is the most important talent selection system in ancient China society. From Sui and Tang Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination system lasted for more than 1300 years in China, which had a profound influence on ancient China society in many aspects. In 1905, the Qing court announced the abolition of the imperial examination system that lasted for 1300 years. 2015 marks the 110th anniversary of the abolition of the imperial examination system, and A General History of Chinese Imperial Examination System was also published a few days ago.

The General History of Chinese Imperial Examination System is edited and led by three scholars, Zhang Xiqing, Mao Peiqi and Li Shiyu, with five volumes and 4.52 million words. The general part comprehensively discusses the profound influence of the imperial examination system on ancient China society, the significance of studying the imperial examination system and the different characteristics of the imperial examination system in each period, and then divides it into five volumes: Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Ming and Qing Dynasties. This article is selected from the General History of Chinese Imperial Examination System, written by Mao Peiqi, one of the chief editors and a professor at the School of History of Renmin University of China, and authorized by Shanghai People’s Publishing House.

The original intention of the imperial examination was to recruit scholars fairly, but almost at the same time as the birth of the imperial examination, all kinds of fraud and tricks against fair competition appeared. Therefore, preventing fraud was an important content in the imperial examination system from the beginning.

In order to ensure the fairness of taking candidates, the Tang Dynasty constantly improved the procedures and evaluation standards of the imperial examinations and took measures to prevent cheating in the imperial examinations. In terms of examination procedures, the provincial examination in the Tang Dynasty gradually established a three-examination system for general subjects such as Jinshi and Mingjing, so as to avoid fraudulent acts such as taking the back-court examination after failing in the previous field from the technical level. In the Five Dynasties, this three-test system was introduced to state and county examinations. In the Tang Dynasty, in order to prevent cheating in the examination venue, the system of locking the examination venue was implemented, and a tribute seal was set up to prevent it from being prohibited. In order to ensure the fairness of marking, the system of reexamination and re-examination under the Chinese book door was established, and the supervision of provincial examination was strengthened at the same time.

However, the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty can not be said to be perfect and mature. At the beginning of the implementation of the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty, there was still a system of public recommendation, that is, the so-called "Taige officials" could recommend "literary artists" to the examiners, and even pre-planned the rankings on the list. Candidates should present poems and essays to dignitaries, that is, the so-called "scrolls", for recommendation. Some influential figures are even called "the task of the article, the balance of the characters, once the title is tasted, they will become good scholars." However, these dignitaries "can’t be selfless when they take it", which opens the door for the children of aristocratic families to have power, and even admits "don’t take advantage of their relatives, don’t take bribes, and make friends". Those who "have no media, no party, and have talents" are often turned away.

In Li Bai’s Book of Jingzhou with Han Dynasty, it is said that "I don’t need to seal Wan Huhou when I was born, but I hope to know Jingzhou with Han Dynasty", and Qian Qi’s poem "yet whose poems, ten years refused, are shaming, these white hairs held by the petalled pin" describes the helplessness of scholars. Some dignitaries rely on their power to openly ask for help in the imperial examination, which is more serious than cheating in the examination hall, and cheating in the examination hall has become the norm, so that "children of potential families are rewarded with each other;" The situation in which the cold door is made, ten abandoned 67 ".

In the first year of Changqing (821), Qian Hui, assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, gave a tribute and accepted the request for help. The admission was unfair and caused dissatisfaction. Mu Zong ordered a retest. As a result, of the 14 people who have been admitted, 10 were dismissed because of their lack of skills, and those suspected of asking for help were dismissed from office. In the third year of Huichang (843), Wang Qiquan, the minister of rites, made a tribute, and put forward that "anyone who has relatives in the DPRK should not be promoted", which temporarily restricted the way for the children of officials to enter the official position. However, after repeated attempts, it was finally impossible to stop the children of officials or officials from asking for help and the authorities from selling them.

The imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties also had a public examination system. In order to make the examiner know the applicant’s ordinary academic level, the applicant should submit the provincial paper, that is, the "public paper", to the Zhigong Ju official. Doing so could have examined the level of scholars more comprehensively, avoiding the fluke and unfairness of deciding to take the exam only once. However, the public papers can’t be guaranteed to be true, and there is no way to supervise and inspect them, or to use old papers or ask someone to write for them. On the contrary, there are huge loopholes, which hinder the fairness of the exam.

In order to realize the fairness of the imperial examination, the Song Dynasty continued to improve its system and technical design. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the public recommendation was abolished many times, stipulating that the recommender should be punished, and the recommended person should be punished for heavy service, and he should never take the imperial examination again, and the informer should be rewarded. The system of "public recommendation" and "public volume" was abolished, and "everything depends on Cheng Wen".

Ancient imperial examination papers

The imperial examination hall is like a battlefield. As early as the Tang Dynasty, strict discipline was stipulated. "On the day of reading and testing, the Ministry of Rites strictly set up soldiers and guards, recommended spines around them, searched for clothes, and ridiculed them. In case of false abuse. " But cheating in the examination hall is endless. In order to prevent cheating in the examination field, the Song Dynasty made a series of technical regulations. In 992, Injong was in Chunhua for three years and began to implement the "paste name examination". The test paper is sealed with a paste name, and the township is marked with a font size. During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong, a transcription system was implemented, and the examination papers were transcribed separately, and then sent to the examiner for grading. In this way, the examiner neither knows the name of the juren, nor can he identify the author with the font, so it is difficult to ask for help. Ouyang Xiu praised: "Stealing the system of taking scholars from the state is the most famous compared with the previous generation. ….. Paste the name, copy it and test it, so that the master doesn’t know who the party is, and whose son is not allowed to love or hate it. ….. its ruthlessness is like nature, and its fairness is like weighing. It has not been easy to control since its ancestors. " He believes that this is the most just system.

In the second year of Song Taizong’s reign of Emperor Yongxi (985), the system of "don’t try" was established, in which the examiner and juren were in-laws, and officials were sent to set up another examination room to try. In the sixth year of Xiaozong Road (in 1170), "the examiners of all the imperial edicts were selected by different counties, and then he was admitted to the hospital in Hefei, three counties." But at this time, the examiner in palace examination is still avoiding relatives. In the first year of Jiading, Ningzong (1208), "those who have relatives of the officials of the DPRK to go to the court will be exempted from taking the exam." This set the rules for future generations.

In 1228, the first year of Emperor Li Zong’s reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, he opened a subject, and found that a certain volume of characters was similar to people, even verbatim. The reason is that the examiner takes bribes, steals the model essay to the examinee, or the old Confucian sells the essay to the scholar for copying. The imperial court had to stop this, and ordered that once the test papers were found to be identical, the candidates would be dismissed, and the examiners and supervisors would also be dismissed. When Li Zong was in charge, the examination hall "made the rape worse". "There are five disadvantages in citing people: to preach righteousness, to change papers, to change titles, to go out with papers, and to record and destroy cracks." The court ordered strict supervision, "set up a reward grid, and promise to arrest those who are pregnant, pass on the topic, pass on the manuscript, and take the test on behalf of the whole body."

The imperial examination room system in Jin Dynasty was strict. The rules of the examination center, such as pasting names and copying, generally followed the practice of the Song Dynasty.

Inside imperial examination Hiram’s hospital

Cheating in imperial examinations was rampant in Ming and Qing dynasties. "Bribery, earning a living, cutting the volume and passing it on, and taking the top name, have many drawbacks, which cannot be exhaustively investigated, especially the joints." Therefore, the anti-fraud measures of the imperial examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties are also more severe. For example, the examinations in the Ming Dynasty were monitored by censors, while the examinations were monitored by officials of the Ministry of Justice. At the time of the examination, Yushi will supply the examination paper, seal it, transcribe it, read it, take the paper, patrol the door, check it, and have full-time staff. It is strictly forbidden to ask questions in the examination room, and each candidate has a separate room guarded by a soldier. The test paper is sealed and numbered in triplicate. The examination paper is written in ink, and then copied by the copying officer in Zhu. The reader doesn’t know the name of the examinee, and he can’t see the ink roll. It can be said that he is everywhere. In the seventh year of Hongwu (in 1374), it was stipulated that if the examinee was found with a belt, "in January before the court, he would be guilty all the time and be rehabilitated for the people."

However, as "Ming Shi" said, cheating is "joints are the most serious", and court cases occur from time to time. Some powerful officials or relying on their power, enabled their children to go to high school, or greedy for bribes, and decided to take them with money, which fundamentally ruined the fairness of the imperial examination. In the fourth year of Wanli (1576), Gao Ruyu, the examiner of Shuntian, admitted Zhang Sixiu and Zhang Maoxiu, the sons of Zhang Juzheng, the cabinet records of the powerful minister, and Wang Zhiheng and Wang Zhiding, the sons of Wang Zhuan, the assistant minister of Zhang’s party official department, which are typical cases.

Fraud in the imperial examinations was still rampant in the Qing Dynasty. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (Ding You, 1657), a major imperial examinations case broke out. After the trial release of the list in Shuntianfu Township, it was revealed that Lu Qixian, a Chinese juror, paid 3,200 taels of silver, and Lu Yiji, a fellow examiner, gave Li Zhenye and Zhang Wopu a bribe to buy them. After the results of the township examinations in various places were published, scholars resented their unfairness and exposed all kinds of fraudulent plots: Jiangnan "is well-connected with the Sect, which is to take the opportunity to benefit the disadvantages"; Huang Wei and Ding Peng, Henan examiners, used ink and pen to add sentences; Shandong, together with examiner Yuan Ying, changed the words with a blue pen; Shanxi examiner Kuang Lanxin and other comments are not listed in the title, and so on. Emperor Shunzhi ordered the Legal Department to investigate the proposed crime.

As a result, seven examiners, including Li Zhenye, Zhang Wopu, and Juren Tian Geng, were all beheaded, with no family property, and their parents, brothers and wives all moved to Shangyangbao. In addition, seven people, including Wang Shude, should immediately cut off their family property, and their wives, parents and brothers should emigrate to Shangyangbao; Eleven people, including Sun Po-ling, should be beheaded, and their family property is not registered; Zhang Min and other five people should be stranded, and Yu Zan Zhou should be stranded. Emperor Shunzhi personally interrogated him, saying, "If you commit more crimes for a while, you can’t bear it." All of them were lenient and exempted, and each of them was responsible for forty boards, and they moved to Shangyang Castle.

Ancient imperial examination with jacket

However, the fraud in the examination hall did not stop there, and all kinds of fraud continued to occur. In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), another major case shocked the ruling and opposition parties. At that time, he was in Wuwu, so he was also called the case of Wuwu examination hall. The rural examination in Shuntian, an undergraduate course, was caused by the suspected fraud of Ping Ling, a student attached to Manchuria. It was exposed that Luo Hongze, a candidate, "handed a note" into the examination room, and asked Li Heling, the director of the Ministry of War, and the Hanlin Academy to edit Pu ‘an, and Pu also asked Bai Jun, a university student, so that Luo was able to pilot. Li and Pu got 500 taels of silver, but Bai Jun didn’t know it. As a result, Pu, Luo, and Li were executed as usual, and Bai Jun was executed by "Gu Enwei Law". The murder of Bai Jun, a minister with a taste, is related to the personal hatred of his colleagues, but his responsibility cannot be escaped. It took five years for the case to be concluded. In the end, more than 90 people were punished and five military ministers were killed.

Ancient imperial examination cheat sheet

The purpose of the Qing court’s severe punishment for cheating in the imperial examination hall was to strictly observe the law and discipline, and to recruit scholars fairly. At the same time, the intention of restraining scholars and cracking down on factional strife was also obvious. Previously, the imperial edict issued in the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657) said: "It is a public code of the imperial court to make a system of selecting scholars and recommending sages by teachers … In the future, all officials, both inside and outside, should strictly abide by their duties and are not allowed to worship their proteges. If they commit crimes, they will be judged by their backs. Recommend all the officials, according to the system of the yamen, and all the items such as reading papers and exams are not allowed to attack the teachers and students … and never leave the roots of cronies. " Controlling the imperial examination hall means strengthening the control of the political situation and the power of the emperor.

Parallel to these major fraud cases is the disadvantage of the examination hall. Since the implementation of measures such as pasting names and copying in the Song Dynasty, the disadvantages of cheating and anti-cheating in the examination hall have been on the rise. As for the Ming and Qing dynasties, it reached its peak. This kind of cheating has formed a complete chain inside and outside the examination hall, and even become an industry. In order to cope with the imperial examination market, various imperial examination model essays became popular, and many scholars became experts. Some bookstores even print micro-engravings for the purpose of bringing people into the venue. As for the entrainment method, it is even more varied. Clothes, objects, pens, inkstones, paper and ink can all be used as entrainment tools, and even inclusions are hidden in obscene clothes.

In order to punish the disadvantages of entrainment, Emperor Qianlong once issued a decree that "the commander of the infantry and the censor of the five cities should show Xiaoyu and conduct a secret inspection", and sent military service to search and inspect at the scene, so that the clothes and trousers of the entrants were stripped bare. In the ninth year of Qianlong (Jiazi, 1744), the rural examination in Shuntianfu was held, and 21 people were found in the first and second sessions. Due to the deterrent of search and inspection, a large number of small rolls of flies were abandoned in every corner outside the Hiram’s Hospital. In the second roll call, more than 2,800 people were afraid to take the entrance examination. However, 68 people who took the entrance examination turned in blank papers because there was no entrainment, 329 people did not finish the papers, and 276 people were irrelevant. Such a scene not only shows the seriousness of entrapment, but also shows that Shi zhong ren is very abusive. After this campaign, the entrainment in the examination hall was slightly calm, but it soon revived. Almost to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination came to an end, and the examination was a mere formality.

Entrainment shoes for cheating in imperial examinations

The imperial examination claims to be fair, but the fairness of the imperial examination is also relative. As a multi-ethnic country with a vast territory, there are great differences among regions and ethnic groups. If all students are selected according to the same standard, it may lead to unequal opportunities. At the same time, in order to expand the ruling base, it is also necessary for each dynasty to extensively select talents and select talents from different regions and nationalities. This can not only make the representation of scholars more balanced, but also take care of the relative fairness of different regions and different nationalities. At the same time, it is also a common practice for rulers to give preferential treatment to specific groups or ethnic groups in order to strengthen their political power pillars.

There is a so-called south election in the civil and military official examination in Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the number of candidates in remote and backward areas was taken care of. In Song Dynasty, the distribution was restricted by the number of settlements in different regions, so as to achieve the balance between regions. In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong of the Jin Dynasty (1127), because "Hebei and Hedong fell at the beginning, and there were many staff members, the system of Liao and Song Dynasties was different, and the north and south were chosen for their careers." According to different standards, the new and old areas in the north and south take care of regional and ethnic differences. The imperial examinations in the Yuan Dynasty were divided into two volumes, including some factors that discriminated against Han people and southerners, but it also expanded the ruling base and sought balanced and fair consideration of differences.

In the imperial examinations in the Ming Dynasty, there was no distinction between the north and the south. In the thirty years of Hongwu (1397), he took 52 scholars, all of whom were from the south. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang thought that the examiner was a southerner and was partial, so he severely punished the examiner and read the papers himself. As a result, 61 people were admitted from the North.

After Yongle, after several adjustments, it was determined that the scholars were divided into south, north and middle volumes. This not only adjusted the pattern of interest distribution, took care of the development of backward areas, but also made the foundation of state rule more balanced and stable. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Ju also imitated the northern and southern volumes of liberal arts, which were divided into the border and the belly. Of every ten people, six sides and four bellies are normal. In Qing dynasty, imperial examination papers were divided into north and south, and the number of places was temporarily determined according to the number of people taking the exam. In the examination, we should choose scholars from different provinces and take care of remote provinces to ensure that all scholars from all provinces have the opportunity to enter the subject; The numbering system is implemented in the rural examination, and the number of places to be selected is stipulated respectively, so that children of remote towns and local ethnic groups can have pilot students. The relaxation of the imperial examination for chieftains, etc., is also for the same purpose.

Jiangnan Gongyuan

In a hierarchical society, absolute equality can never be achieved, and rulers sometimes deliberately maintain this hierarchical difference.

Imperial examination, known as the imperial court set up a subject, everyone can vote for it, but in fact, the imperial court has clear restrictions on the identity of those who participate in the imperial examination. It was stipulated in the Tang Dynasty that "there is a son of a criminal, and business is special" and no tribute is allowed. In the Song Dynasty, "those who are disobedient, forget their relatives, hide industrial and commercial differences, and return to the vulgar" and the home of medical wizards were not allowed to participate in the imperial examination; In the Liao Dynasty, "doctors, priests, butchers, traders, slave slaves, parents, offenders and fugitives are not allowed to raise Jinshi." In the fifth year of Emperor Youzhi’s reign (1105), it was also stipulated that "merchants’ homes should be forbidden to be promoted by scholars". The Jin Dynasty stipulated that all kinds of craftsmen and artists who advocated excellence, entertainers, handmaiden, criminals, relatives of traitors and even the official Taichang Grand Music Department were not allowed to take part in the imperial examination. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was still a rule that "those who advocated excellence and those who suffered from waste diseases and committed ten evils of rape and theft were not allowed to take the exam". However, people with yin and yang medical skills are not prohibited.

When Sai-jo was in power, Prime Minister Huolu Huosun and others said that "Confucian officials, Yin and Yang, and medical skills all make an attempt". The restrictions on criminals are understandable, and the restrictions on the homes of industrial and commercial medical actors and handmaiden are obvious discrimination. In the Ming Dynasty, the regulations were relatively relaxed. In the fourth year of Hongwu, Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that "only petty officials are not allowed to take exams because their minds are broken". He doesn’t want those petty officials who have been polluted by officialdom to enter the ranks of officials.

In the seventeenth year of Hongwu, it was also stipulated: "Its academic officials and idle officials, those who advocate Excellence, those who have been exiled, and those who have lost their parents are not allowed to take the exam." In the Ming Dynasty, especially in the middle and late period, a large number of children from industrial and commercial families took part in the imperial examination, and they entered the official position in the pilot test. The progress of society, the growth of industrial and commercial class and the change of universal values are the reasons. By the Qing Dynasty, it was still stipulated that the house of handmaiden advocating Excellence was not allowed to take part in the imperial examination, and other untouchables, including beggars, beggars and fishermen with nine surnames, were not allowed to take part in the imperial examination. During the Yongzheng period, although they were ordered to get rid of the low-ranking members such as Huole, and the restrictions on their participation in the imperial examination were lifted in name, it was still difficult to achieve a completely equal status in practice.

Jin Yangwang reporter Tang Heng

[How to get to and from Daxing Airport]

Metro Daxing Line:

It takes about 19 minutes to get to Daxing International Airport from Caoqiao Station in the South Third Ring Road, with a maximum speed of 160 kilometers per hour. The departure interval during the peak period is 8 minutes and 30 seconds. The whole fare is ordinary ticket to 35 yuan and business ticket to 50 yuan. Metro Daxing Line has set up a city terminal at Caoqiao Station, where passengers can directly check in and check in.

At present, all airlines have launched air-rail combined transport products, enjoying a maximum 20% discount on subway fares.

Passengers who take the flights of China Eastern Airlines, China United Airlines, Xiamen Airlines and Hebei Airlines Daxing Airport can get a 20% discount on the ticket purchase of Daxing Airport Line subway tickets through official channels.

Passengers who take the flight of China Southern Daxing Airport can get a one-way light rail ticket by checking "Light Rail Intermodal" when purchasing tickets through official channels.

Jingxiong Urban Rail (Beijing Section):

It takes about 28 minutes to take the Jingxiong Intercity Railway (Beijing section) from Beijing West Railway Station to Daxing International Airport, with a top speed of 250 kilometers per hour. At present, the fare of Beijing section of Jingxiong Intercity has not been announced.

Airport bus:

There are 6 airport buses to and from Daxing International Airport in Beijing, including 5 day buses, starting from Beijing Railway Station, Beijing West Railway Station, Beijing South Railway Station, Tongzhou and Fangshan. 1 night shift line, starting from the first three doors.

Daxing Airport has also opened six inter-provincial passenger lines, which can reach Tianjin, Tangshan, Baoding and Langfang respectively, among which Langfang has three lines.

Taxi:

Beijing taxis and Hebei taxis wait in different areas and drop off passengers in a unified way.

Parking by car:

There is a parking building next to the terminal building of Daxing Airport, which can provide 4,200 parking spaces for social parking. Together with the remote parking lot, taxi parking area, central landscape axis parking lot and traffic station parking lot, about 9,000 parking spaces can be provided near the whole airport.

[Departure area of Daxing Airport]

Daxing Airport Terminal innovatively adopts the floor design with vertical distribution of functional areas and switchable waiting areas, which not only ensures sufficient development space for operating resources in functional areas, but also enables international and domestic waiting areas to be flexibly adjusted. The terminal building has 7 floors and 5 floors above ground, which are mainly used for passengers to enter and leave Hong Kong, wait for flights and transit. There are two underground floors, namely the platform floor and the hall floor of various rail transit stations.

Second basement: the rail transit platform, and the first basement can be reached through the escalator.

Basement 1: Daxing Airport Integrated Transfer Center, with airline counter, where passengers on domestic flights can directly go through check-in and security procedures; International passengers can go to the fourth floor through the straight ladder located in the center of the hall to go through the relevant formalities. In the future, rail transit can also be connected here. Passengers can take the subway from downtown Beijing, and then transfer to high-speed rail or urban rail to Xiong ‘an, Tianjin and other places.

First floor: arrival of international passengers and baggage claim; Internet car/self-driving can park the vehicle in the parking building and then walk to the terminal.

Second floor: arrival of domestic passengers and baggage claim; Network car/self-driving can park the vehicle in the parking building and then arrive at the terminal via the overpass.

The third floor: check-in procedures for high-end passengers and quick security check-in channels.

Fourth floor: airport bus drop-off area, domestic and international check-in area and international joint inspection area.

[Daxing Airport Security Inspection Area]

All security checkpoints in Daxing Airport adopt the self-service certificate checking system, which improves the efficiency by 60% compared with the traditional manual certificate verification. At present, Daxing Airport can realize the whole process of customs clearance for passengers from check-in, security inspection to boarding. In the future, the inspection of documents will be further omitted to realize customs clearance. Passengers on Eastern Airlines can take the lead in using the face brushing function in check-in and boarding, and only need to show their certificates in the security check-in.

Daxing Airport also uses a person-bag correspondence system. When passengers put their luggage, the system carries out dynamic face recognition, and automatically associates the passenger’s face information and identity information with the luggage without feeling. When necessary, it can accurately query a passenger’s check-in information within 3 seconds.

The first floor: 12 domestic security channels.

Second floor (inside the restricted area): 8 security checkpoints for transit passengers.

Third floor: 24 domestic security channels.

Fourth floor: 14 international security channels.

[Daxing Airport Waiting Area]

Daxing Airport Terminal adopts five-finger corridor radiation configuration, and the walking distance of passengers from the center of the terminal to the farthest boarding gate is no more than 600 meters, and the walking time after security check is no more than 10 minutes. The terminal adopts "dual layout", that is, the domestic operation is divided into east and west areas. Passengers who take an airline can go directly to the waiting area where the airline is located without taking the wrong road. According to the current plan, China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines, as the main base airlines of Daxing International Airport, will operate on the west and east sides of the terminal respectively.

Second floor: domestic mixed waiting area for entry and exit.

Daxing Airport adopts mixed-flow design for domestic passengers entering and leaving the port, that is, they leave and arrive in the same area, so that passengers entering and leaving the port can enjoy commercial resources and public service facilities at the same time, and at the same time, the construction area is saved, which significantly improves the efficiency of airport service facilities.

Considering the problem of passenger flow concentration in mixed-flow mode, Daxing Airport has increased the traffic width and set up two-way automatic trails. Even in the most complicated central area, passengers can quickly find their required routes through streamline planning and guidance design.

Third floor: international departure waiting area

Because the international entry and exit process involves customs, border inspection and other procedures, the international departure and international arrival adopt the diversion mode, separating different channels for drainage, and the process is simple and clear.

[Daxing Airport Arrival Process]

Domestic flights:

Daxing Airport adopts mixed-flow design for domestic passengers entering and leaving the port. Arriving passengers also need to go through the domestic waiting hall on the second floor and walk to the domestic passenger baggage claim turntable on the same floor to wait for their luggage. After leaving the station, you can go directly to the taxi storage area, the network car waiting area, the parking building, or go to other floors through the straight elevator and transfer to the airport bus, train and subway.

International flights:

After arriving at the terminal by plane, international passengers will take the escalator down to the first floor according to the instructions, and then go through the four steps of customs temperature measurement, border inspection, baggage claim and customs inspection, and then leave the station, and go directly to the airport bus waiting area on the same floor, or go to other floors through the straight elevator to convey the parking building, taxi waiting area, network car waiting area, train and subway.

Note: The baggage carousel at Daxing Airport increases the speed of ordinary airport from 0.28m/s to 0.5m/s, which can save passengers nearly half the time in the baggage claim stage.

In addition, Beijing Customs has implemented customs clearance without influence at Daxing Airport. Check the baggage first, and notify the passengers in advance of the problematic baggage; If the luggage is ok, passengers can "wait" for customs clearance without X-ray inspection after picking up their luggage.

[Daxing Airport Transit Process]

After arriving at Daxing International Airport, transit passengers can easily enter the centralized transit procedures area according to the instructions. The centralized transit area has realized that border inspection, customs and other transit process facilities work at the same site. This area is located on the second floor of the airport, in the middle of the domestic mixed-flow process and the international arrival process, and three transit processes, namely, international to domestic, international to international and domestic to international, are handled here. According to estimates, Daxing Airport will take 30 minutes for domestic transfer, 45 minutes for international transfer, 60 minutes for domestic transfer, and 60 minutes for international transfer. The shortest connecting time of the airport is among the highest in the world.

[Which airlines are the first to settle in]

Before October 26 (inclusive), China United Airlines will become the only airline that will make an overall transition and operate at Daxing Airport.

From October 27, 2019 (inclusive), a total of 7 domestic airlines and 8 foreign airlines have decided to settle in Daxing International Airport. Domestic airlines include China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Air China, China United Airlines, Hebei Airlines, Capital Airlines and Jixiang Airlines, while foreign airlines include British Airways, Polish Airlines, Finnair, Malaysia Airlines, Royal Moroccan Airlines, Royal Brunei Airlines, Russian Effie Airlines and Himalayan Airlines.

In order to ensure the safe, stable and orderly operation of the transition, only a few flights will be arranged at the airport in the initial stage, and the relevant domestic airlines will gradually transition in stages and complete the transition work before the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.

In the winter and spring season of 2019, Daxing International Airport is expected to open 116 routes, including 101 domestic routes and 15 international routes; Covering 112 destinations around the world, including 97 domestic destinations and 15 international destinations.

[What if I go to the wrong airport]

China United Airlines took the lead in transferring to Daxing Airport. What if the passengers didn’t notice the origin of the ticket and went to Beijing Nanyuan by mistake? According to China United Airlines, before and after purchasing tickets, airlines will send SMS to remind passengers to pay attention to the originating airport; If passengers accidentally miss the reminder, China United Airlines also provides follow-up services for passengers who mistakenly leave the airport:

(a) provide a "certificate of mistaken airport passengers".

(2) Passengers only need to hold the "certificate of mistaken airport passengers" to go through the check-in procedures at the China United Airlines express passenger counter and enter the "green channel for fast passenger transfer". (Passengers who go to the airport by mistake use the small stickers uniformly provided by Daxing International Airport, which is convenient for the follow-up staff to quickly identify and provide corresponding guidance and services. )

(3) The "certificate of passengers who mistakenly left the airport" can be used as a voucher for involuntary cancellation.

(4) Passengers who mistakenly leave the airport will be arranged by China United Airlines for free car ferry, and the passengers will be sent to the nearby transportation hub according to the time when the passengers change their flights (specifically, the on-site decision will be made by the staff on duty at the Ground Service Department). The deadline for free car ferry service is September 30th. The staff of Nanyuan Airport will stay until October 15th, and issue a "certificate of mistaken departure from the airport" for passengers.

　　CCTV News:According to "Xishuangbanna Intermediate People’s Court" WeChat WeChat official account news, with the approval of the Supreme People’s Court, on May 7, 2023, the Intermediate People’s Court of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture executed Hong Qiao in accordance with legal procedures. Procuratorial organs shall send personnel to supervise on the spot according to law.

　　On June 27th, 2022, the Intermediate People’s Court of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture sentenced Hong Qiao to death, deprived of political rights for life and fined RMB 10,000. After Hong Jiao appealed, the Yunnan Higher People’s Court ruled in the second instance that the appeal was dismissed, the original judgment was upheld and submitted to the Supreme People’s Court for approval. After review, the Supreme People’s Court believed that the facts identified in the first-instance judgment and the second-instance ruling were clear, the evidence was true and sufficient, the conviction was accurate, the sentencing was appropriate, and the trial procedure was legal. He approved the Yunnan Higher People’s Court to uphold the criminal ruling of the first instance that Hong Qiao was sentenced to death.

　　Before the execution of the death penalty, the Intermediate People’s Court of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture arranged for Hong Qiao to meet his close relatives according to law, which fully guaranteed the legal rights of the executed criminals.

Guidelines for the application of grassroots employment subsidies and answers to hot issues 1. What conditions do you need to meet to apply for subsidies? 1 workers to small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, social organizations and other employment, or to the township (street), village social management and public service jobs, signed a labor contract or service agreement for more than one year; 2. When employed, they belong to college graduates within 2 years of graduation (the period before graduation of college graduates is not counted as the period for applying for subsidies); 3. The employee has paid social insurance premiums for more than 6 months in the same unit according to regulations; 4 college graduates engaged in labor dispatch work, the insured units and employers should meet the basic employment conditions at the same time; 5. The subsidy application shall be submitted within 1 year from the date of meeting the subsidy conditions; 6. College graduates: refers to graduates of ordinary colleges and universities. Including full-time college graduates from ordinary colleges and universities, as well as full-time and part-time master’s and doctoral graduates. Graduates of vocational education in technical colleges, preparatory technician classes and special education colleges, and graduates of overseas universities who have obtained academic degree certification from the study abroad service center of the Ministry of Education, refer to graduates of ordinary colleges and universities; 7. Within 2 years of graduation: refers to the graduation school year (12 months from July 1 of the year before graduation) and a specific time period of 2 years based on the date of graduation certificate. Second, what is the subsidy standard? Give a one-time subsidy according to the standard of 3000 yuan per person.This subsidy shall not be superimposed with the basic post subsidies for college graduates, the post subsidies for public employment services and the employment subsidies for college graduates to domestic enterprises. Third, how to apply for it? What is the audit process? 1. The subsidy object can apply for subsidies to the public employment service institutions in the district. District public employment service agencies and district human resources and social security departments shall complete the examination and review of subsidy applications accepted last month before the 20th of each month. Online application is open in the first month of each quarter (that is, January, April, July and October, please refer to point 5 for the specific online application process). At other times, please go to the front desk of the public employment service agency in the district (street) where your unit is located to submit the materials. 2. Review process: The subsidy application process includes acceptance, review, review, publicity, disbursement and other links. Applicants can log in to the online office system to check the review results in the interface of "Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Inquiry". Please pay close attention and wait patiently. 4. What materials need to be submitted? Graduation certificate (returned after verification), labor contract or copy and stamped with the official seal of the unit (service agreement or copy for grass-roots projects and stamped with the official seal of the unit or written explanation issued by the employing unit), and the insured unit and the employing unit belonging to the labor dispatch unit should meet the employment conditions at the grass-roots level at the same time. 5. How to apply online? 1. The applicant enters Guangdong Government Affairs Service Network (https://www.gdzwfw.gov.cn/) and logs in as an individual, and searches in the search box."Grass-roots Employment Subsidy", click "Grass-roots Employment Subsidy Application", select the city, district (street) to which the unit belongs in the pop-up box, and click "Online Processing" in the lower right corner of the pop-up box to jump to "Online Service System of Guangzhou Human Resources and Social Security Bureau-Login Page". 2. The applicant logs in to the online service system of Guangzhou Human Resources and Social Security Bureau and enters the business handling page. Click the menu Employment-Employment Subsidy Fund-Employment Subsidy Fund Application, and select the basic employment subsidy interface to fill in the application information and submit it. 6. I haven’t received the subsidy yet. How can I inquire? Subsidies are distributed by the human resources and social security departments of each district, and the progress of distribution in each district may be inconsistent. If you need to consult the specific distribution of subsidies, please contact the public employment service agencies in your district (street) for consultation. 7. Can I still apply for subsidies after I leave my original company? Yes, the application must be made within one year from the date when the subsidy conditions are met. Eight, employment is a college graduate within 2 years of graduation, but it has been more than 2 years since graduation when the subsidy application conditions are met. Can I still apply? Yes, the application must be made within one year from the date when the subsidy conditions are met. For example, after graduating for 1 year and 10 months, classmate A found a job and paid social security for 6 months. At this time, although classmate A has exceeded the graduation period of 2 years, according to the regulations, eligible students can still apply. 9. What should I do if I find it impossible to upload and delete attachments when applying online? The applicant can click Save after filling in all the information and checking it.Upload and delete attachments in the system pop-up window. If you don’t have this pop-up, please change the 360 browser compatibility mode to operate. Before operating, please confirm that IE kernel is IE10 or above and turn off the pop-up prohibition function. X. When applying online, how to inquire about the application number, application progress, application results and other related information? Applicants can log in to the online office system and inquire about relevant information in the menu of "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Inquiry". XI. When applying online, what should I do if I find that the information submitted is wrong after applying for subsidies? If the information submitted successfully, you can check the audit progress in the menu of "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Query" in the online office system, and handle it according to the following different situations: (1) Incorrect entry of company information. If the company information is entered incorrectly, such as the name of the company, the unified social credit code, the district to which the company belongs, the name of the selected employment information company is inconsistent with the name of the applicant company, and the selected employment information is wrong, please "delete" the original submission record in the menu of "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Submission" and apply again. (2) Other application materials are entered incorrectly. 1. If it has been submitted but not audited, the applicant can withdraw it by himself, and then enter "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Submission" for modification. 2 has been reviewed and returned, the applicant can be in the "employment → employment subsidy funds (special funds).→ Employment Subsidy Fund Submission menu, modify and resubmit according to the feedback return reason. 3. If it is under review or approved, please contact the district (street) public employment service agency for handling. 12. The list of subsidies has been publicized, and it is found that the relevant information of the bank is filled in incorrectly. Can it be allocated normally? If not, what should I do? Because the approval process has been completed and the subsidy list and related information have been publicized, if the relevant information of the bank is filled in incorrectly, it cannot be modified, and it will be allocated to the corresponding account according to the original information of the bank. If the payment fails due to the wrong information of the account opening bank, the public employment service agencies in each district (street) will contact you to provide relevant materials after finding the payment failure. XIII. Consultation channels: 1. Contact information of public employment service agencies in the district (street) to which the applicant belongs; 2. Message board consultation. Click on the website page "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Application → Grassroots Employment Subsidy → I want to ask questions", submit relevant questions and wait for the staff to answer them within 3 working days; Question reply and reply status can be found in "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Application → Grassroots Employment Subsidy → My Question"; 3. Call the service hotline 12345 to consult and reflect the problem, which will be followed up by the public employment service agencies in various districts. Fourteen, how to get more up-to-date information about subsidies? 1. Pay attention to the official website of Guangzhou Human Resources and Social Security Bureau; 2. Pay attention to WeChat WeChat official account: Guangzhou People’s Society;3. Pay attention to the public employment service agencies in each district according to the district where the unit belongs. WeChat WeChat official account or WeChat applet: WeChat applet in the district where WeChat official account belongs. Liwan Employment Zengcheng Zengcheng Employment Yuexiu Guangzhou Yuexiu released Haizhu Haizhu Employment Tianhe Tianhe Employment Baiyun Guangzhou Baiyun Employment Huangpu Guangkai Employment Panyu Panyu Employment Conghua People’s Society Huadu People’s Society Nansha Guangzhou Nansha released attachment: contact information of public employment service agencies in each district (street). docx

　　Energy, industrial grain, the lifeblood of the national economy, is the main battlefield to promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Accelerating the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system is the main direction of China’s energy revolution."

　　Since the founding of New China 75 years ago, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s energy supply capacity has been continuously improved, forming a multi-wheel-driven supply system of coal, oil, gas, nuclear, new energy and renewable energy, becoming the largest energy producer in the world. At the same time, the energy structure has been continuously optimized and improved, and the construction of a new energy system has been accelerated, providing dynamic support for economic and social development.

　　"One drop and one increase" confirms the change: the proportion of raw coal in the total primary energy production has decreased from 96.3% in the early days of the founding of New China to 66.6% in 2023; The power generation of clean energy has increased from 44.6 billion kWh in 1978 to 3.2 trillion kWh in 2023. For every 3 kWh of electricity consumed by the whole society, 1 kWh is green electricity.

　　A piece of coal covered with treasures — —

　　Clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the development of coal industry should be transformed and upgraded, taking the road of green and low-carbon development" and "promoting the high-end, diversified and low-carbon development of coal chemical industry".

　　Entering Yulin Chemical Co., Ltd., the national energy group, there are many towers and tanks, and the pipelines are vertical and horizontal. After processing, pieces of coal are turned into polyglycolic acid degradable materials, which can not only be made into disposable knives and forks, plastic bags and other daily necessities, but also be used in high-end fields such as medical surgical sutures and bone scaffold materials.

　　"polyglycolic acid is made into a bone nail and implanted into the human body, which can gradually degrade, solving the problem that traditional materials need to be taken out by secondary surgery." Yang Xuechao, a scientific research and management engineer of Yulin Chemical Industry, said that compared with the production of traditional polyolefin plastics, the coal consumption of coal-based polyglycolic acid tons can be reduced by about 50%, the carbon dioxide emission can be reduced by about 65%, and the industrial added value can be increased by 2 to 3 times, but the production cost is close, which has both market competitiveness and environmental protection benefits.

　　The "Wujin" butterfly change was also staged in the rural greenhouse. "In the past, water was stored in an open steel box. After a long time, moss grew, and the water was easy to deteriorate. The newly replaced black water storage tank was very easy to use." Ma Bao, a greenhouse grower in Kangping Village, Weiyuan Town, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, said. Chen Xuelian, general manager of Kehuan Guoneng New Materials Co., Ltd. introduced that the water storage tank made of coal-based crosslinked polyethylene has the advantages of easy handling, high temperature and corrosion resistance, and inhibition of moss growth.

　　Comfortable spandex fabric, non-toxic and tasteless new kitchen fuel with high flash point, and "extremely cold diesel" & HELIP that can still be used normally at MINUS 20 degrees Celsius; … Jump out of "coal mining — In the traditional way of "selling coal", the National Energy Group introduced more high value-added and differentiated products, which enabled coal to achieve "seventy-two changes".

　　Anchoring the direction of green and low carbon, the high-quality development of coal industry has taken a new step.

　　Mining is greener. Green mining technologies, such as water conservation mining, filling mining and recovery while mining, have been continuously expanded. In the past 10 years, the washing rate of raw coal, the comprehensive utilization rate of mine water and the land reclamation rate have all increased by more than 10 percentage points.

　　Use more efficiently. In the past 10 years, more than 95% of coal-fired power units have achieved ultra-low emissions, and the pollutant emissions in the power industry have decreased by over 90%. In some coal-fired power plants, the captured carbon dioxide can also be used for welding processing and food preservation.

　　Not just coal. There are still many explorations for clean and efficient use of energy: the waste cooking oil left over from hot pot and fried chicken becomes aviation fuel for domestic large aircraft; Sludge collected from sewers and sewage treatment plants is dried and blended with coal to generate electricity & HELIP; … Relying on technological innovation, waste is recycled and energy supply is more diversified and clean.

　　A power station for sand control and greening — —

　　The substitution of renewable energy has been steadily advanced.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Energy construction cannot rely solely on traditional industries. We should vigorously develop new energy and clean energy, strive to achieve carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions and build a green China."

　　On the edge of Ulan Buh desert, more than 700,000 photovoltaic panels are arranged in an orderly manner in a photovoltaic power station covering an area of 8,000 mu. Power is generated on the board, and sand prevention plants such as alfalfa and Artemisia are planted between the boards.

　　"Photovoltaic panels can reduce wind speed and reduce water evaporation, which is suitable for plant growth. We planted sand-control plants and a 100-meter-wide shelter forest, and the vegetation coverage rate in the site increased from 7% to about 80%. " Andy Sen, deputy stationmaster of Dengkou Photovoltaic Power Station of Beijing State Power Investment Corporation, said that while sand control and greening, the dust on photovoltaic panels is reduced, which can improve power generation efficiency.

　　Since 2020, more than 10 photovoltaic enterprises have been introduced in Dengkou County, Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia. After all photovoltaic installations are completed, 350,000 mu of ecological management can be completed, with an average annual increase of more than 23 billion kWh.

　　China is rich in wind energy and solar energy resources. From the sea to the land, from the plain to the plateau, from the roof of the building to the field, the new "photovoltaic+"modes such as windward rotation of the fan, shining photovoltaic panels, complementary agriculture and light, complementary fishing and complementary animal husbandry continue to be promoted: the first offshore wind farm with super single capacity in the southeast coast — — The Three Gorges Zhangpu Phase II offshore wind farm is connected to the grid for power generation. For the first time, six 16 MW wind turbines are applied in batches, which can reduce the sea area by about 30% compared with 8 MW wind turbines. On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the second phase of Huadian Tibet Caipeng optical storage power station started construction, with an altitude of more than 5,220 meters, setting a new height record for the global optical storage power station … …

　　By the end of 2023, the installed scale of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in China has increased by 10 times compared with 10 years ago, and the newly added clean energy power generation accounts for more than half of the increase in electricity consumption in the whole society. In 2024, the installed capacity of new energy power generation surpassed that of coal-fired power generation for the first time, achieving a historic leap.

　　The installed capacity continues to grow, the market competitiveness of new energy products is also greatly improved, and the R&D, design and integrated manufacturing systems are more complete.

　　Things are more beautiful. The conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells such as high-efficiency crystalline silicon and perovskite has set a new world record for many times, and technologies such as long blades and high towers of wind power are at the international leading level.

　　"The price is better". According to the report of the International Renewable Energy Agency, in the past 10 years, the average cost per kilowatt-hour of global wind power and photovoltaic power generation projects has decreased by more than 60% and 80% respectively, which is largely attributed to the contribution of China.

　　"Relying on continuous technological innovation, complete industrial chain supply chain system, full market competition and super-large-scale market, China has achieved rapid development of new energy industry, which has also promoted a sharp drop in global wind power and photovoltaic power generation costs." The relevant person in charge of the National Energy Administration said.

　　A heavy truck using hydrogen energy — —

　　Technological innovation promotes energy transformation

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "promoting a major breakthrough in green and low-carbon technologies" and "developing efficient and safe energy storage and carbon capture technologies, and promoting the development and large-scale application of hydrogen energy technologies".

　　"It can travel about 600 kilometers when filled with hydrogen, and its battery life is far longer than that of electric heavy trucks. It is suitable for running long distances, and the driving experience is relatively stable and the noise is small." In China Petrochemical Beijing Angu Hydrogenation Station, the driver Shang Shifu filled the heavy truck with 49 tons of hydrogen in just over ten minutes. In April this year, China’s longest high-speed hydrogen energy — — The Beijing-Shanghai Hydrogen Energy Corridor completed the trans-regional transportation test for the first time.

　　Hydrogen fuel cell system is a key link in the application of hydrogen energy heavy truck. With the breakthrough of key core technologies, the cost of hydrogen fuel cell system will be reduced from about 15,000 yuan per kilowatt before 2020 to 2,000 yuan per kilowatt, which will help popularize the application of hydrogen energy vehicles.

　　While the development of hydrogen energy technology is accelerating, the large-scale application of advanced energy storage technology continues to advance, helping to balance the supply and demand of power grid.

　　Entering Zhejiang Zhefeng New Materials Co., Ltd., the energy storage battery cabinets are arranged neatly. This single-user-side lead-carbon energy storage power station is equivalent to a "charging treasure", which can be charged in low-valley time and discharged in peak time. By using the peak-valley price difference, it can help enterprises save about 60 million yuan in electricity bills every year. "Lead-carbon energy storage has the advantages of large specific heat capacity and rapid cooling, which can control the battery temperature more effectively and has high safety." Hua Xiao, deputy director of the Science and Technology Digitization Department of State Grid Quzhou Power Supply Company, introduced.

　　In Foshan, Guangdong Province, in the independent battery energy storage station at Baotang power grid side of China Southern Power Grid, focusing on three major areas, such as thermal management, structural connection and battery performance, a number of energy storage technology routes "gallants" competed to select the best scheme for the large-scale development of new energy storage. In 2023, the newly installed capacity of new energy storage in China is about 22.6 million kilowatts/48.7 million kWh, which is nearly 10 times the installed capacity at the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan.

　　Make great efforts to innovate and seize the opportunity. Fully master the third-generation nuclear power technology of large-scale PWR and the fourth-generation nuclear power technology of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, such as Hualong No.1 and Guohe No.1. The demonstration project of Linglong No.1 small-scale PWR started construction, and the technical level of smart grid is in the forefront of the world … … In the new era, China will accelerate the self-reliance of high-level science and technology in the energy field, and energy technology and its related industries will become new economic growth points.

　　Energy transformation is a broad and profound systematic economic and social change and a long-term strategic task. "The energy system will continue to lay a solid foundation for safe carbon reduction, increase the supply of non-fossil energy, promote energy conservation and carbon reduction on the consumer side, strengthen green and low-carbon technological innovation and international cooperation, and promote low-carbon energy transformation and high-quality development." The relevant person in charge of the National Energy Administration said.

"Don’t be a broken ear root in the future. Pull out everything in the yard. Experts say it contains carcinogens, and if you eat it, you will get cancer." Uncle Li kept talking to his wife about the harm of broken ears.

"I don’t believe it when I break my ears to clear away heat and detoxify, and it tastes good. Don’t watch those people talk nonsense every day."

"What nonsense? Look at this article. It says that the root of the ear contains aristolochic acid, which is a carcinogen and can’t be eaten. It is also signed by experts!"

"I don’t believe it! I’ve been eating it for decades. Is there a problem? It’s still alive and kicking. "

"Hum, anyway, I won’t eat the roots of broken ears in the future, and you shouldn’t be my share, you are stubborn!" Uncle Li didn’t listen to his wife, so he left without looking back.

Cynanchum auriculatum, also known as Houttuynia cordata Thunb, is not only a vegetable, but also a Chinese herbal medicine. Because of its unique taste and the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials, it is deeply loved by some people. However, in recent years, there are more and more sayings about "the root of broken ears causes cancer", saying that it contains aristolochic acid carcinogen, which will cause cancer if eaten. Is this statement true or a rumor?

01

Houttuynia cordata Thunb is a harmful grass,

Containing aristolochic acid, is it nephrotoxic and carcinogenic?

Houttuynia cordata Thunb is controversial because it contains aristolochic lactam alkaloids. Then there are many types of alkaloids, including an aristolochic acid component. Because of its strong nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, in 2008, aristolochic acid was officially listed as a class 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Moreover, in 2015, China’s National Pharmacopoeia also deleted three Chinese herbal medicines containing aristolochic acid, namely Aristolochia manshuriensis, Fangji and Aristolochia. Does that mean houttuynia cordata is carcinogenic and can’t be eaten?

Of course not. Aristolochic lactams are divided into many different types. At present, the substances known to be toxic and carcinogenic are aristolochic acid and aristolochic lactam I.. The components in Houttuynia cordata Thunb are aristolochic lactam BII, AII and FII, which are completely different from aristolochic acid I. At present, there is no evidence that these substances in Houttuynia cordata Thunb are toxic or carcinogenic. People who love houttuynia cordata can eat it with confidence.

02

I ate too many vegetables.

Can cause cancer? Don’t be fooled again

1. Eating fresh fungus is easy to induce skin cancer?

The reason for this statement is that there is a light-sensitive substance porphyrin in fresh auricularia auricula, which may cause skin itching, edema and other symptoms after entering the body by sunlight, and even induce skin cancer.

In fact, there are light-sensitive substances in many foods, including celery, and it is not unusual for vegetables to contain this ingredient. The current research shows that the occurrence of porphyria is mainly related to the abnormal metabolism of porphyrin in the body caused by genetic factors, and has little to do with the porphyrin ingested in the diet, so it is safe to eat it every day.

2, bergamot contains carcinogens, can not eat?

It is rumored that the fried bergamot will produce acrylamide, which is considered as a carcinogen, and long-term intake will increase the risk of cancer.

Undeniably, fingered citron will undergo Maillard reaction after being fried at high temperature, and then acrylamide will be generated. However, this reaction is not unique to bergamot, but also widely exists in fried food, baked food and cooking. Therefore, bergamot itself does not contain acrylamide, which is caused by the cooking method. It is recommended to pay attention when cooking. There is also acrylamide, a class 2A carcinogen, which may cause cancer to human beings. At present, there is no clear evidence that people will cause cancer if they eat it. Again, the occurrence of cancer is related to many factors and cannot be simply attributed to a certain food.

3. Does the herbicide contained in rootless bean sprouts cause cancer and teratogenesis?

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plant growth regulator is used in the production of rootless bean sprouts, which is widely used in agriculture. When used in low concentration, it will promote the growth of bean sprouts and inhibit the formation of roots and buds. When used in high concentration, it can really achieve the effect of herbicide, but this concentration will also make bean sprouts unable to grow.

4, raw tomatoes, can lead to gastric cancer or intestinal cancer?

Raw tomatoes contain a lot of alkaloids (solanine), which may cause dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea and other food poisoning symptoms. It is not exaggerated to lead to gastric cancer or intestinal cancer. The occurrence of cancer is related to many factors and will not be directly caused by the intake of a certain food. However, it is still not recommended that you eat raw tomatoes. However, as the maturity of tomatoes increases, the components of Solanum nigrum will be greatly reduced, and this problem will not occur when cooked tomatoes are eaten.

03

Five kinds of food are the culprit of cancer.

According to the danger to human beings, the International Center for Research on Cancer divides the carcinogenic factors into 1 category, 2 category, 2 category, 3 category and 4 category. Among them, class 1 carcinogen means that there is sufficient evidence to prove that it has carcinogenic risk to human body. Through combing, it is found that some carcinogenic factors are hidden in our food, mainly the following five kinds.

Salted fish, pickles, etc.

A large amount of nitrite will be produced in the process of food curing, and nitrite will combine with protein to produce nitrosamines after entering the body, which is a kind of carcinogen and will increase the risk of esophageal cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer and other cancers.

Mildew food

Mildew food is likely to contain aflatoxin, especially foods with high starch content such as peanuts, corn and nuts, which are more likely to be produced after mildew. Aflatoxin is a highly toxic and carcinogenic substance. Intake of 1mg can cause cancer in the body.

barbecue

Carcinogens such as benzopyrene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be found in the smoke generated by charcoal burning, the lampblack dripping from meat oil and burnt food when meat is roasted at high temperature. Eating a lot of barbecue for a long time will increase the risk of cancer in the body.

alcohol

Alcohol is a clear carcinogen, and data show that more than 3 million deaths worldwide are related to drinking every year. Smoking and eating a lot of high-fat food while drinking will double the harm to the body. The Lancet magazine directly pointed out that there is no so-called safe amount of drinking, and the best amount of drinking should be 0.

areca

The research published in The Lancet-Oncology pointed out that arecoline in areca catechu has carcinogenic effect, and it was identified as a class 2B carcinogen. Moreover, the fiber in betel nut is very rough, which will continuously damage the oral mucosa when chewing. In the process of repeated injury and repair, the risk of oral cancer will increase significantly.

The occurrence of cancer is related to many factors, and it is unscientific not to blame the culprit on a certain food. Maintaining good living habits and regular physical examination every day is the right way to prevent cancer.

References:

[1] Unbelievable! Are these vegetables "carcinogenic"? Many people don’t know … ".Popular Science China. 2020-07-04.

[2] "Rootless bean sprouts are highly toxic and can cause cancer? No harm to health, no need to worry. The whole people are more serious-Tencent News. 2017-04-14

[3] "Attention! These primary carcinogens are very common in life, but many people are still in the dark … ".Popular Science China.2020-08-02.

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Special feature of 1905 film network From the derivative CP "Wu Lu can escape" and "Di Xin Gravitation" in the summer drama series to the recent hot search with CP "Life Rhyme" and "Shan Zheng Hai Wei" in Qing Qing Daily, the drama circle in the past six months can be described as off the charts at first glance, and everyone’s enthusiasm for "taking candy" is very high.

However, compared with the deep affection and sadism of the hero and heroine’s love line, many fancy marketing of CP topics outside the play seems to be even worse than the plot in the play — — When CP powder began to go up, after the series collected data and traffic, whether the "sugar" that people were deeply involved in was the true feelings that came naturally in the play or the "industrial saccharin" that fueled the propaganda seemed to have long been ignored and difficult to distinguish.

Someone once ridiculed that CP powder is the most gullible group of people, but when "speculating CP" has gradually become the marketing "killer" of some current dramas, is it only the audience who are "injured"?

High-profile marketing: what are the CP "sugar-making" routines?

If you often brush Weibo recently, you can unlock all the sweets in "Light Me Up, Warm You" simply by the topic of "Entertainment List".

Roughly speaking, in the bombing of hundreds of hot searches in the play, there are 47 hot searches containing the keyword "Life Rhyme", and 46 hot searches for two people, the number is similar.

Although the series has ended, the entry of "Life and Rhyme with Two Rings" has been arranged as early as the second week of broadcasting. Recently, the film version of "Lighter and Princess Dress" (formerly famous) announced the project, and some CP fans of "Life and Rhyme with Two Rings" even clearly left a message under the topic: It’s not that the original crew didn’t watch it.

"When a drama is broadcast, you will definitely find all kinds of topics for marketing," Yang Yang, a film and television practitioner, said in an interview with 1905 Film Network that marketing CP is the best and favorite propaganda method in the industry at present: "For example, this drama of Chen Feiyu’s Zhang Jingyi, the plot was originally based on love, and this drama’ fried CP’ is an immediate propaganda way."

She gave us an example. Since the startup of Reuters, many marketing topics of "Light Me Up, Warm You" have been the mode of sugar points with "atmosphere" beautiful pictures, which not only makes it easier to attract CP fans, but also directly turns the plot into the focus of marketing.

Of course, despite the frequent explosions of CP in the drama circle, relying solely on topic marketing in the later period does not guarantee that the audience will be "on the top". In Yangyang’s view, if you want CP to go out of the circle, you must "still have the’ real thing’ to bite", which is also a problem that the early drama and propaganda parties need to consider and prepare. As far as the current trend is concerned: "Compared with the CP of the drama itself, it is easier for fans to invest in CP marketing from the drama CP to the real person."

Looking at the release content and publicity topics of several popular TV series, the content of the interactive tidbits between male and female starring actors and actresses can generally gain hot search, and the data of turn, praise and comment will be correspondingly higher.

In addition, the "same frame" starring in other occasions after the drama broadcast is also what CP fans are most looking forward to seeing.

Magazine shooting, variety show, double interview, and commercial activities conducted by actors for the promotion of drama series … … For some CP fans, the feelings accumulated for the characters in the play can only make them truly feel involved, and this kind of emotional "release" will usually further stimulate their love for the two actors.

Yang Yang said that this model has long been familiar to the promotion of dramas that want to "operate CP", and many successful cases have made the industry more willing to use these "immediate" methods in the next projects. However, this kind of success is not without "cost": "With this wave of traffic, it is red, and it is equivalent to eating the’ dividend’ of the drama CP in the fan circle. It is really not easy to untie quickly after the play is finished. "

Unbinding at the speed of light: only CP powder is hurt?

Not long ago, the topic of # Luo Yonghao Contemporary Collapsed House CP Powder Mouth rushed to the hot search.

"You two emotional liars have jointly deceived us fans!"　

"I believe a naive fan like me, and I am fooled!"　

"Short-term happiness has brought us lifelong pain!"

Although Luo Yonghao ridiculed Wang Jianguo’s "Snow Country Train CP", under the hot search, countless CP powder comments said with emotion: "This is me!" "Happiness is real, and pain is real!" "I can BE (break up), my CP will never BE!"

Mr. L, the director of the media company, has a lot of work to "make sugar spots" for the drama. As an insider, he bluntly said that it is normal for the audience to watch the drama, which is what the propagandist wants to see most. However, nowadays, more and more popular CP shows the situation that fans "don’t distinguish between roles and reality", which also brings a lot of embarrassing troubles.

Mr. L gave several interesting examples of the recent emergence of representative CP: "For example, a variety show. At that time, "Freesia tactic" had just finished broadcasting, and "Little Forest for Two" starring him was broadcast immediately, so they also went to variety show publicity. However, that issue was basically dominated by "Dixin Gravity", and even the variety artists themselves were deliberately creating the effect of the Luochang.

Also, when Xing Han Brilliant was broadcasted, "Wu Lu can escape" was attracting many people. At this time, the official blog and Tik Tok of another drama "Love is just" released various sweet tidbits of him and Zhou Yutong, which made CP fans very dissatisfied. It is better to wait until the broadcast period to make publicity. "

When the audience’s attention to CP is more and more turned to drama under the guidance of marketing, the influence on actors is not limited to this. During the broadcast of "A Beautiful Scene Knowing Geometry", the popularity of CP and drama series became higher and higher. At the end, Shawn Dou was called "the head" by CP fans because of a series of practices such as sending a photo without the heroine and doing business with his girlfriend.

Shortly after the launch of "Qing Qing Daily", one of the leading actors was exposed to love, and the follow-up publicity of the play was once summarized by fans as "no interaction, no business, no same frame". Although the series has achieved good response, it is absolutely difficult for CP fans.

At present, artists’ attitude towards CP marketing of dramas is usually more cooperative.

Mr. L said that for actors, "CP fire is definitely a good thing": "The overall popularity of actors will be brought up, and the social platform data is particularly good-looking, and then you can receive more and better dramas, variety shows and business invitations. This is why many fans don’t want artists to pick up the show, and artists still have to pick it up. " He also said, "the purchasing power of CP powder is also very strong, and it must be 1+1 > 2 for a period of time."

But Mr. L also bluntly said, "CP is bound to have a period of chaos after it is opened." This is also the most controversial stage in the fan economy, which is the so-called "CP powder purification (changing one party to a single fan)". These "side effects" have little influence on the drama and propagandists, and they are even loved — — With the popularity of the series, the task is completed.

There is no doubt that the fans who are most "injured" are devoted to their true feelings, and for some artists, it is difficult to quickly "get away with it" from the radical fans.

Aside from the nature of work, Mr. L said frankly that under the "just need" of drama promotion and audience taking candy, love drama really can’t help marketing CP, but I still hope that some marketing has a limit: "Because the information of marketers and audience is unequal, and the acceptance and understanding of fans are uneven, you can’t make everyone rational."

For the film and television drama industry, CP marketing is destined to continue to circulate in the market. How to gradually explore the method of "virtuous circle" in the future is the key to truly solve the current problems.

"I hope that after many years, everyone will remember classic characters and high-profile scenes, not just fans quarreling."

CCTV News:The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said today (June 13th) that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China will give priority to the construction of 100 high-level, professional and open training bases integrating production and education in the fields of advanced manufacturing, new energy, new materials, biotechnology and artificial intelligence, as well as nursing, rehabilitation, nursery and home economics.

During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the state will arrange investment in the central budget to support the construction of 100 high-level, professional and open training bases for the integration of production and education, so as to improve the training level of the integration of production and education in vocational colleges. Priority will be given to advanced manufacturing, new energy, new materials, biotechnology, artificial intelligence and other fields, as well as nursing, health care, nursery, housekeeping and other fields, and radiation will drive practical training, employee training, product pilot test, process improvement and technology research and development in related industries.

Liu Ming, Director of Social Affairs Department of National Development and Reform Commission:Building the training base into an important symbol of improving the level of vocational education and an important platform for cultivating high-quality skilled talents.

Support qualified places to establish a "green channel" for multi-department joint examination and approval, optimize the examination and approval process of project construction in vocational colleges, strengthen the guarantee of factors, and promote the convenience of project construction in vocational colleges.

The year of the rat ended strongly, and the year of the ox was extraordinary. On February 1st, the joint venture and merger of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Holdings (Hunan) and Yueyang Baoxin, and the signing ceremony of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Holdings in Yueyang Free Trade Zone were held in Xingang District of Chenglingji. Huang Junjun, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress and secretary of the Party Working Committee of Chenglingji Xingang District, Wang Wenhua, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee and director of the Management Committee, Peng Gongmu, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee and secretary of the Discipline Working Committee, Zhou Yuping, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee and head of the preparatory group of Yueyang Free Trade Zone, and Li Yuedong, member of the Party Working Committee and deputy director of the Management Committee, attended the meeting.

Shanghai Pharmaceutical Holding Co., Ltd. is a subsidiary of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group, a fortune 500 company. It is a national pharmaceutical supply chain service enterprise with drug distribution as its core, and its business network covers 17 provinces and cities across the country. Baoxin Medicine has been deeply involved in Yueyang for many years, and it is a fast-growing regional comprehensive pharmaceutical business leading enterprise.

Speech by Huang Junjun, Deputy Director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress and Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Chenglingji Xingang District

Wang Wenhua, Deputy Secretary of the Party Working Committee and Director of the Management Committee of Xingang District, presided over it.

Huang Junjun pointed out that the two companies will accurately grasp the national industrial policy and industry development prospects, give full play to their respective advantages, cooperate sincerely, and join hands with each other. The future will be broad, the market will be huge, and the development will reach a new level. He said that Xingang District is a port-type national logistics hub with obvious geographical advantages, complete industrial base and logistics system, which is highly suitable for the development needs of logistics supply chain enterprises. I hope that Shanghai Pharmaceutical Holdings and Baoxin Medicine will seize the opportunity and take advantage of the situation. Starting from this cooperation in Yueyang Free Trade Zone, they will continue to develop their businesses in Xingang District, making them refined, stronger and bigger in the industrial chain. At the same time, Xingang District will, as always, carry out "one-on-one" service actions for enterprises and projects, strive to be an excellent "shop assistant", give strong support in project land, examination and approval services, business environment and other aspects, ensure that the cooperation between the two parties will be effective as soon as possible, and strive to make positive contributions to Yueyang’s construction of "three districts and one center".

Xie Rong, General Manager of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Holdings (Hunan) Co., Ltd. made a speech.

Speech by Li Suiqing, Chairman of Yueyang Baoxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Xie Rong, general manager of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Holdings (Hunan) Co., Ltd. said that the two companies chose to invest and set up Shanghai Pharmaceutical Holdings (Yueyang) Co., Ltd. in Chenglingji Xingang District, Yueyang, and they will get the opportunity to settle in Yueyang Free Trade Zone. They will cherish such a good business opportunity, do everything possible to cultivate and manage the enterprise well, and release the positive energy of the enterprise in terms of supplying tax sources.

Peanut oil:

It is high-quality cooking oil and frying oil, easy to be digested and absorbed by human body, and contains more than 80% unsaturated fatty acids. Eating peanut oil regularly can protect the blood vessel wall, prevent thrombosis, and help prevent arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

Rapeseed oil:

The human body can digest and absorb rapeseed oil up to 99%. Rapeseed oil has a certain effect of softening blood vessels, and the cholesterol content is low, so people who have requirements for cholesterol intake can safely eat it. But its erucic acid content is high, and patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension should eat less.

Soybean oil:

As one of the most commonly used edible oils, it contains a lot of linoleic acid and abundant.

Rich lecithin is good for human health.

Sunflower seed oil:

Sunflower seed oil is rich in linoleic acid and other essential unsaturated fatty acids, which can reduce the deposition of cholesterol in blood vessels. The content of a- tocopherol in sunflower seed oil is higher than that in common edible oil, which is a kind of high-quality edible oil beneficial to human health.

Corn oil:

The unsaturated fatty acid content of corn oil is as high as 80%~85%, and it is rich in vitamins A, D and E. Long-term consumption is beneficial to diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes.

Blending oil:

Blended oil refers to edible oil made from more than two kinds of vegetable oils. The fatty acid content of blended oil is more balanced than that of single edible oil, which embodies the concept of food diversity and nutritional balance.