Restoration diagram of water transport instrument image platform

The observation records of nova supernovae confirm the modern theory of stellar evolution

Apart from some scientific and technological inventions that can be easily and accurately classified and named, some of the 88 important inventions in ancient China need to be properly summarized. For example, "astronomical records" generally reflect the achievements of ancient astronomical observation in China. It is reported that China was good at astronomical calculations in ancient times, and accumulated a large number of systematic observation records, among which nova and supernova observation records also made important contributions to modern scientists’ research on high-energy celestial bodies such as supernovae, radio sources, pulsars and neutron stars.

According to reports, among the astronomical records in ancient China, the most valuable information is related to solar eclipses, comets, sunspots and new stars. The detail and accuracy of the records of comets, meteors and nova in history books enable modern people to accurately determine their position, brightness and movement change process according to these records, and many records are also of high application value to modern astronomical research.

Among them, the most prominent application of solar eclipse record is to study the change of earth’s rotation speed. The long-term change of the earth’s rotation can be obtained by comparing the modern calculated solar eclipse with the actual observation data of this solar eclipse in history. The reliable solar eclipse records in history mainly come from China. There are more than 1000 records of comets in the history of China, which were first recorded in Spring and Autumn Annals, and comets have been regarded as celestial bodies. In contrast, the West regarded comets as burning phenomena in the atmosphere from Aristotle until the 16th century.

From Shang Dynasty to the end of 17th century, China recorded more than 90 nova and supernova events, which is a very precious astronomical record in the world. In 1950s, Xi Zezong, a Chinese planetarium historian, compiled and published A New Table of Ancient Novas, which examined these records in detail, making a very important confirmation for the modern theory of stellar evolution, and was the most wonderful chapter in the application of ancient astronomical records in China.

Records of solar eclipse in Shangshu

In the Northern Song Dynasty, the water transport instrument was built with astronomical observation function.

Some inventions have not developed continuously, or their practical functions are limited, but they show extraordinary wisdom and skills, such as water transport instruments and platforms. The camera platform of water transport instrument integrates the functions of timing, astronomical demonstration and astronomical observation. The creator invented the ingenious "escapement mechanism" and expressed the mechanical structure with a complete set of drawings, showing Chinese’s superb level of designing complex mechanical systems.

The water transport instrument observatory is a large astronomical instrument system built in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is an observatory integrating armillary sphere, elephant and timing device. Its creativity is mainly reflected in two aspects: firstly, the water wheel, gear train, control machine, timer, elephant and armillary sphere are integrated into a mechanical system, which reflects the high level of designing complex machinery; Secondly, it invented the control machine-Tianheng, which is composed of rod system and scale leakage, and its function is equivalent to the escapement mechanism of modern mechanical clocks and watches.

The water flowing evenly from the clepsydra is injected into the bucket of the water wheel to drive the water wheel to rotate. Under the control of the mechanism composed of rod system and scale leakage, the water wheel rotates evenly and intermittently. Through the gear train and even the chain drive, the water wheel simultaneously drives the timing device, demonstrates the elephant of the sky and observes the armillary sphere of the starry sky. The timing device rings the bell, rings the bell, shows the cards, beats the bell and drums to tell the time, engrave and watch the shift. The armillary sphere is mainly composed of triple rings, and its inner "four-travel instrument" has a watchtube. The water wheel drives the "four-swimming instrument" to run with the sky, which can make the telescope rotate with the starry sky target. This design is the prototype of the rotating clock in later generations.

　

Double Stirrups Unearthed from the Tomb of Beiyan Feng Sufu

Stirrups appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which seems to be of great military significance.

In contrast, some inventions are not prominent in the complexity of technology, but they have had a great impact on the process of civilization. For example, although the stirrup is simple in structure, it has significantly improved the combat effectiveness of cavalry.

Stirrup is a stepping and supporting device when riding a horse, which is usually similar to a semi-elliptical ring. The stirrup ring is made of leather, iron and other materials with high strength, and the lower edge can be made of wood or rattan, and the iron or leather is wrapped outside to make wider pedals, which usually hang under the saddle in pairs. When getting on the horse, the rider can step on the back of the horse with one stirrup. When riding, your feet pass through the stirrup to help stabilize your body. When galloping, the rider stands on the stirrup with the stirrup as the main support point, and the upper body leans forward, which makes the rider’s hands more free and can move left and right on horseback.

According to textual research, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, China had a single stirrup hanging on the left side of the horse to assist in getting on the horse. The double stirrup matched with a terracotta horse figurine in the tomb of Wang Kui in Xiangshan, Nanjing is the earliest discovered material, which should appear no later than the beginning of the 4th century.

After the invention, stirrup soon spread to Koguryo area in Northeast Asia, and spread to the west through nomadic grassland people such as Turks. From the end of the 6th century to the beginning of the 7th century, Sassanian Persians introduced stirrups from Turks, and passed this technology on to Arabs in the 7th century. In the early 7th century, Avar brought the stirrup to Eastern Europe and Byzantium, and gradually spread to Northern Europe and Western Europe.
Stirrup is of revolutionary significance in military history. It enables knights to give full play to their weapon effectiveness in combat, thus further promoting the development of heavy cavalry. Therefore, this is a seemingly small but historically significant invention.

The contribution of the four major crops cultivation is not inferior to the "four great inventions"

Throughout ancient history, some scientific and technological knowledge may have originated from many places. However, more and more complicated scientific and technological knowledge may be shared by different civilizations through communication. For example, Chinese has contributed to the world the cultivation methods of crops such as rice, soybeans and tea, as well as the technologies of silk weaving, porcelain, paper making, printing, gunpowder and compass, and also introduced crops such as wheat, cotton, corn, potatoes and tomatoes.

In fact, the scientific and technological creativity of the Chinese nation has not yet been fully understood by the public. Our ancestors first cultivated the most important food crop-rice, the most important bean crop-soybean, one of the most important fruit crops-citrus, one of the three beverage crops-tea. The spread of these crop cultivation techniques is not inferior to the "four great inventions" in their contribution to human survival and development.

For example, rice cultivation has made rice the world’s largest food crop, and more than half of the world’s population lives on rice. According to reports, China, India and Southeast Asia may all be the earliest domestication centers of rice, but China’s view as the origin of cultivated rice in Asia has been supported by more and more archaeological evidence. There are 167 places where prehistoric cultivated rice remains in China have been unearthed, and there are four places with a time of more than 10,000 years. Among them, rice remains dating back about 12,000 years have been found in Xianrendong site and Diaotonghuan site in Jiangxi province, and the earliest rice specimens in the world have also been unearthed in Yuchanyan site in Daoxian county, Hunan province. All these provide further evidence for the statement that China is the origin of cultivated rice in Asia.

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Important inventions in ancient China (88 in total)

Scientific discovery and creation

1. Branches and branches 2, Yin-Yang calendar 3, standard table 4, decimal system and counting method 5, pinhole imaging 6, heterosis utilization 7, surplus-deficiency technique 8, twenty-four solar terms 9, meridian theory 10, four diagnostic methods 11, Mawangdui map 12, Pythagorean compatibility circle 13, linear equations and solutions 14, Materialism 15, astronomical records 16, Prescription 16. Dunhuang Star Map 20, Tide Table 21, China Abacus 22, Multiplication and Opening Method 23, Stacking Method 24, Tianyuan Method 25, First Congruence Equation Solution 26, Forensic Medicine System 27, Quaternary Method 28, Twelfth Equal Course Law 29, Classification System of Compendium of Materia Medica 30, and Systematic Karst Landform Investigation.

Technological invention

31. Rice cultivation 32, pig domestication 33, alcoholic beverage brewing 34, lacquer painting 35, millet cultivation 36, jade cutting 37, sericulture 38, silk reeling 39, soybean cultivation 40, block method 41, bamboo cultivation 42, tea tree cultivation 43, citrus cultivation 44, pig iron-based iron and steel smelting technology 45, branches. Multiple cropping 49, acupuncture 50, papermaking 51, chest belt driving 52, greenhouse cultivation 53, jacquard 54, compass 55, water hammer 56, Xinmang copper caliper 57, fan car 58, seismograph 59, rollover (dragon bone car) 60, water raft 61, porcelain 62, stirrup. Compass (compass) 68, drilling (deep drilling and swabbing technology of well salt) 69, movable type printing 70, water transport instrument stage 71, double-acting piston bellows 72, windmill 73, rocket 74, ware (tubular firearm) 75, and human pox inoculation.

Engineering achievements

76. Zeng Houyi chimed bells 77, Dujiangyan 78, Great Wall 79, Lingqu 80, Qin Mausoleum bronze chariots and horses 81, Anji Bridge (open-shouldered stone arch bridge) 82, Grand Canal 83, Potala Palace 84, Suzhou Garden 85, Cangzhou Iron Lion 86, Yingxian Wooden Pagoda 87, Forbidden City 88, Zhenghe Navigation.

　

Source: Beijing Evening News North Night New Vision Network reporter Sun Leqi

　　Under the background that the world economy is facing difficulties, it is particularly important to give full play to its own advantages for the sustainable development of China’s economy. China has formulated scientific and effective policies to promote high-quality development and continuously achieve new results, which is important for the world economy.

　　At present, influenced by multiple factors, the downward pressure on the world economy has increased. In this context, it is more important for China’s economy to show its strong resilience. With the optimization and adjustment of epidemic prevention and control policies, China’s economic and social vitality has been continuously restored, which will provide more powerful kinetic energy for world economic recovery.

　　In recent years, the achievements of high-quality economic development in China are constantly emerging, and the vigorous development of high-tech industries is an example. In 2022, the added value of high-tech manufacturing industry above designated size in China increased by 7.4% over the previous year, and the investment in high-tech manufacturing industry and high-tech service industry increased by 22.2% and 12.1% respectively. With the continuous promotion of reform and opening up, the in-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy and the continuous improvement of the business environment, the new kinetic energy of China’s economic growth will continue to grow and its economic potential is expected to be further released.

　　The COVID-19 epidemic has had many negative effects on international trade, but China has quickly adapted to the new changes in the global economic and trade situation. In 2022, the scale of China’s foreign trade reached a new record high, and the total value of goods import and export exceeded 40 trillion yuan, reaching 42.07 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.7%. China’s foreign trade scale continues to expand, which fully reflects China’s important position in the global industrial chain supply chain. In the future, by further deepening international economic and trade cooperation, China will play a more important role in promoting the global economic cycle and helping the world economic growth.

　　The rapid development of digital economy in China has become a new bright spot of economic growth. Cross-border e-commerce in China has developed vigorously, establishing world-class storage capacity, diversified logistics and transportation channels and efficient logistics and transportation management system, fully demonstrating the vitality of China’s digital economy. China has established a good digital ecosystem, which has made important contributions to the development of global digital economy.

　　Since last year, developed countries have adopted radical monetary policies to curb the high inflation rate, which has intensified the volatility of global financial markets and increased the uncertainty of world economic recovery. Compared with other major economies, China has more macro-policy space. China is implementing a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, and is striving to strengthen the coordination of various policies, which will help China effectively meet the challenges faced by economic development.

　　China has obvious advantages in economic and social development. Under the background that the world economy is facing difficulties, it is particularly important to give full play to its own advantages for the sustainable development of China’s economy. China has formulated scientific and effective policies to promote high-quality development and continuously achieve new results, which is of great benefit to the world economy.

　　(The author is the Acting Director of the Department of World Economy and International Economic Relations, Russian State University of Management)

Swatek is unstoppable now.

In Stuttgart, the world’s number one Ijia Swatek played on the tour for the first time as the number one seed.

The 20-year-old Polish teenager swept Ava Liss, a local qualifier, 6-1 in the first round, and won the clay court season with 20 consecutive singles victories, easily advancing to the quarterfinals.

Since winning the French Open women’s singles title in 2020, Swatek, born in 2001, has been honed last season, and this season has soared with staggering results. After Buddy’s sudden retirement, the teenager who was temporarily ranked first in the world did not have stage fright, and won three WTA1000-level championships in Doha, Indian Wells and Miami in succession.

"Who will help us!" Seeing the fiery touch of this "peer", Jessica Pegula, the winner of the top four Australian Open in 2021, couldn’t help shouting on social networking sites.

Miomil Kecmanovic, a male player who is participating in the Belgrade Open, also lamented, "I may not be able to beat her now.".　

Swatek is in the Stuttgart Open.

Join the ranks of Dawei

As a "recruit" in the tour, Swatek has won the French Open, but she only had the opportunity to participate in many competitions in the last two years, and the WTA500 Stuttgart Open is one of them.

In the face of local wild card player Lise, she quickly entered the state in the first set, and established a 5-0 lead with two consecutive breaks.

Although the German girl solved the inventory in the sixth game to complete the first service guarantee of this game, the top seed easily won her own service, 6-1 first to the next city.

In the second set, the Polish girl continued the good state of the first set and sealed the victory with 6-1.

"Hi, Stuttgart! The feeling of returning to the clay court is really great. I will see you on Friday! "

After the game, she posted a photo of herself walking out of the stadium with a bag on her back on social networks, and also posted a video on the Tour official website to talk about her feelings of participating in the first competition.

"Hello, everyone, I’m really happy to be here for the first time. Next, I will take part in the quarter-finals contest. I hope you can come and cheer for us, because the atmosphere here is really great.

With this victory, Swatek, who has accumulated 19 consecutive victories this season, has raised this number to "2 prefix"-She became the youngest female player to win 20 games and "20+" games since the 21st century, and joined venus williams and serena williams, both of whom were 20 years old when they won 20 consecutive games in a single season.

In 2000, Venus won 35 consecutive games in a single season, including Wimbledon and the US Open, which were the first two Grand Slam singles champions in her career. In the meantime, she also won the women’s singles gold medal at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games.

Serena’s record came from 2002. She won 21 consecutive victories in a single season, including beating her sister in the French Open and Wimbledon finals back to back and winning the second and third Grand Slam singles titles in her career.

In the 21st century, due to the continuous improvement of women’s tennis competition, only Venus and Serena (34 consecutive victories in 2013) have ever won a "30+" winning streak in a single season, and together they have won a "20+" winning streak for six times.

In addition, lindsay davenport won 24 consecutive victories in 2004, Clijsters won 22 consecutive victories in 2005, Haining won 25 consecutive victories in 2007 and Zarenka won 26 consecutive victories in 2012.

If Swatek can continue to win in Stuttgart, she will have a chance to get close to her predecessors and even catch up with their records.

Girl swatek.

Peer shouted: Who can help us?

When Swatek "killed the quartet" in the women’s tour, the men’s professional tennis players also noticed the fiery state of Polish girls.

When asked "who is the most challenging among all past and present female players", Kecmanovic, who is attending the Belgrade Open in her native country, laughed."I think what Swatek is doing is very remarkable. Now it seems that she is simply unbeatable. If I were you, I would probably lose to her, I think. "

The Serbian does not want a "gender war", but expresses his appreciation and affirmation.

Indeed, Swatek, who entered the 2022 season, has amazed countless people by winning 20 consecutive games from Doha to "Sunshine Doubles", to billie jean Jinbei and Stuttgart.

What is even more amazing is that she has won 26 sets in a row in these 20 games. The last time she lost a set was in the fourth round of Indian Wells Station, she reversed three-time Grand Slam champion korbel with scores of 4-6, 6-2 and 6-3.

In this 26-set winning streak, Polish girls scored seven 6-0 and six 6-1 scores, which was simply a "breakfast combination" for everyone. Moreover, in this process, she only allowed her opponent to win more than five games in a single set twice: 7-6, 6-4 against Halep in the semi-final of Indian Wells; 6-2, 7-5 against Jessica Pegula in Miami semi-final.

Before switching from the hard court season in North America to the clay court season in Europe, Courtney Ruan, a contributor to WTA Insider, sent an animation of Zhang Xinke’s number one in the world, reminding everyone that when Swatek "is going back to the clay court now", Pegula’s first reaction is:"help us all!"

Needless to say, everyone knows that Swatek is good at clay courts-She is the champion of the French Open in 2020, and her idol is Nadal, the 13th champion of the French Open. Last year, she gave Pliskova, the former world number one, two 6-0 in the final of the Rome Open.

Swatek took a photo with Heat star Butler.

Send out two "doughnuts" and beat your opponent.

The score of "6-0" is always impressive, and it is even more "horrible" when it appears in pairs.

Last year, Ka Pliskova received two "doughnuts" from Swatek without mercy (one game won’t win), and this year it’s the turn of Romanian girl Andrea PriSakari.

Stuttgart is Swatek’s first clay court tour this season, but in fact she won two consecutive victories on clay court last week.

On April 17th, Beijing time, she led Poland to sweep Romania 3-0, passed the 2022 billie jean Gold Cup World Group Qualifier, and played against Kazakhstan, Italy, Spain, Czech Republic, Canada, the United States, Belgium, Switzerland, Australia, Slovakia and a team to be determined from November 8th to 13th.

Before the start of the seven qualifying matches of the World Group, Poland attracted much attention because it had the world’s first Swatek.

The 20-year-old also lived up to expectations, winning both singles against Romania, defeating Mihaela Buzanescu 6-1, 6-0 and sweeping Puli Sakari 6-0, 6-0 respectively.

Swatek took the world’s first trophy to shoot a photo.

These two games brought the total number of "doughnuts" sent by Swatek in the 2021-2022 season to 18th-including four by Ka Pliskova and Puli Sakari Wu.

"There is not much transition time from hard ground to red soil this year, and I may need more patience to adapt. However, now I am more confident than in the past. I feel that I have grown up and all aspects of the game have improved. "

When it comes to site change and their own state, the Polish girl said:"The winning streak on the WTA Tour gave me great confidence, and now I can put more pressure on my opponents. I will continue to work hard for this new position and hope to stay here for a while. "

At the same time, although the match was "bloodbath" by two 0-6, her opponent Puli Sakari Wu was not immersed in the mood of losing, but went to the net to shake hands with Swatek and sincerely congratulated the Polish girl.

"There is no doubt that you are the best player in the world now. I am proud of you, and I am really happy to see that tennis can reach the present level. "

　

According to the spirit of "Several Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Sustainable Development of Resource-based Cities" issued by the State Council, shangzhi city is facing the resource crisis and economic crisis, such as the decrease of total forest resources, the decrease of recoverable resources, the decrease of high-quality timber output, the decrease of the stock of precious tree species and the decrease of production per unit area. Focusing on the State Council’s proposal on how to seize the opportunity to change the mode of forestry growth and promote the sustainable development of economy and society through economic transformation, the work of transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities in our city is summarized as follows:

First, the effectiveness of forestry sustainable development and construction in shangzhi city

(1) Present situation of forest resources.shangzhi cityLocated in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, on the northwest slope of Zhangguangcailing, it is adjacent to Hailin County in the east, Wuchang County in the south, Acheng District of Harbin City in the west and Binxian County and Yanshou County in the north.The total administrative area of shangzhi city is 8910 square kilometers. There are six forestry units in China, namely Yabuli Forestry Bureau and Weihe Forestry Bureau, Changgang Experimental Forest Farm under the Provincial Forest Resources Bureau, Shangzhi State-owned Forest Farm Administration directly under the Provincial Forestry Department, Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm directly under the Northeast Forestry University and shangzhi city Forestry Bureau directly under the leadership of shangzhi city Municipal People’s Government. The city has more than 790,000 hectares of forestry land, accounting for 88.6% of the city’s total land area, with a forest coverage rate of 73.41% and a standing stock of 47.29 million cubic meters. In terms of ownership, the forestry land area of state-owned forestry business units is more than 720,000 hectares, and the standing stock is 44.56 million cubic meters; Non-state-owned forestry land covers an area of more than 70,000 hectares, and the standing stock is 2.73 million cubic meters; From the classification of forest land, there are more than 650 thousand hectares of forest land and more than 140 thousand hectares of other forest land.The management area and stock of non-state-owned forest areas under the responsibility of shangzhi city Forestry Bureau account for 8.5% and 5.8% of the city respectively.

(2) The history of forestry management and development.The history of forestry management in shangzhi city dates back to before 1958. The Provincial General Administration of Forestry Industry set up two forestry industry bureaus and an experimental forest farm in Shangzhi, and the county government set up a forestry bureau (field building office). Under the leadership of the county people’s Committee, a forestry department was established, and forestry assistants were set up in each commune. In the same year, Yabuli and Weihe Forest Industry Enterprise Bureau were established with the approval of the Provincial Planning Commission. In 1958, the Forestry Bureau was changed to Forestry Bureau, and 20 forest farms were set up in the county, some of which were mainly logging forest farms, and some were operating forest farms focusing on tending, management and afforestation. Thus formed the most primitive forestry system pattern. In 1963, the then Forestry Department of Shangzhi County organized the second-class investigation of forestry division and forest resources, re-divided the original 20 forest farms, and designated 10 state-owned forest farms. At that time, there were 20 forestry offices under 20 communes in the county, which were responsible for the forest management work of production teams. In 1992, the forestry system reform, under the premise of separating government from enterprises, formed Shangzhi State-owned Forest Farm Administration and shangzhi city Forestry Bureau. The forestry production and construction in shangzhi city has been ups and downs for decades, and it has been constantly improved and advanced in exploration, and has made great achievements.

——Forest management.In the era of planned economy, in order to meet the needs of national construction and people’s production and living materials, forest management activities mainly focused on logging, which led to unprecedented catastrophe of forest resources, and the total forest area and standing stock decreased sharply. As a result of the inventory in 1963, the forest coverage rate was 78%, which decreased to 57.8% in 1984. After the implementation of quota logging, the situation of excessive consumption of forest resources has been controlled and natural forests have been well protected. In 1994, the auction of "Five Wastes" was implemented, which led to a large loss of collective forest resources and excessive logging. Driven by the policy mechanism such as "maturing soil", a large number of valuable natural forest resources have been changed to forest land use, and Shangzhi’s forest resources have been greatly damaged.In the past five years, a total of 262,276 cubic meters of wood was produced, which was 32,360 cubic meters less than that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, and the amount of logging was reduced by 11%, which enabled the forest to recuperate. The transformation of low-yield and low-efficiency forests was completed in 1879 hectares, and the tending area of adult forests was 24,817 hectares, which enabled young and middle-aged forests to be nursed in time, improved the sanitary conditions in the forests, expanded the nutritional space of trees and accelerated their growth.

——Planting trees.In different historical years, under different historical conditions and different management systems, afforestation has always been supported and supported by party committees, governments, workers on the forestry front and the broad masses of the people, and the cause of afforestation has always shown a good momentum of vigorous development. Afforestation organized by the government in shangzhi city began in 1958, but the climax of afforestation was set after the allocation of "two shortages" in the 1970s and 1980s, which once set a historical record of afforestation of 200,000 mu per year. The recent peak of afforestation is the promulgation of "Decision on Greening the Land of Longjiang in Twelve Years", the issuance of two telegrams by the State Council and the provincial government, the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forests, the "fourth phase" project of the Three North Areas and the national ecological construction subsidy fund, and the decision of the provincial party committee to green the land of Heilongjiang in five years. Since 2000, more than 220,000 mu of artificial afforestation has been collectively completed only by returning farmland to forests and the "fourth phase" project of Three North Areas. At present, the afforestation area of artificial forests in collective forest areas in the city has reached 656,000 mu.

——Forest protection. By the end of 2011, 18 scientific and technological achievements had been transformed, popularized and applied, and a demonstration area of 1,000 mu of berries in cold regions had been established, and the construction of forest seedlings had been strengthened. There are 560 hectares of improved seed base, 840 hectares of seed collection base and 46 hectares of nursery, with an annual seed production capacity of 62,000 kilograms and an annual output of 33 million seedlings. Forest fire prevention has been achieved for 26 consecutive years without forest fires, the forest fire risk prediction and early warning system has been gradually established, the ability of preventing and fighting forest fires has been greatly improved, the regularization of forest public security teams has been continuously strengthened, and the infrastructure construction has been significantly improved. Through a series of centralized and unified special actions, various illegal and criminal activities have been severely cracked down, and zero planting has been realized in the work of banning seeds and shoveling drugs. New progress was made in the prevention and control of forest pests. The effective prevention and control rate of main forest pests and diseases reached 95%, the incidence rate dropped from 3% to 2.5% at present, the disaster rate was controlled at 0‰, the monitoring coverage rate reached 90.3%, and the quarantine rate of seedling production area reached 100%. A relatively complete forest pest control management system has been initially formed, with 267 fixed monitoring plots. The forestry law enforcement system has been gradually strengthened, and the investigation rate of forestry cases has been greatly improved. The research and application of forest pest control monitoring system has controlled the "four rates" index of the city’s pest control within the permitted range, and the forestry administration and public security have intensified their crackdown, severely cracking down on illegal logging and other forest resources.offenders and criminalsThe arrogance, deforestation cases decreased significantly, and forest resources were fully protected.

——Actively cultivate alternative industries and increase industrial scale production and construction. 1, complete the task of forest products industry construction. The first is to realize the transformation of the management system of forestry industry. The pencil board factory in Yibanpo Forest Farm is contracted out to foreign countries, and the processing factory in Yuanbao Forest Farm is operated in a joint-stock system, which makes a bold attempt in management. Second, the task of industrial production was fully completed. In 2011, more than 100,000 cubic meters of sawn timber were completed; 2. Vigorously develop individual economy and cultivate alternative industries. Actively guide and support forestry workers to develop individual and private economy. In 2011, the city’s forestry workers developed 10 self-employed economies. 800,000 bags of edible fungi were cultivated, and the city developed more than 1.4 billion bags of edible fungi industry; 500 livestock and poultry/animal; 3. Develop the production of small berries mainly by planting raspberries, and realize the industrialized production of non-forest industries. In 2011, according to the overall goal of the development planning of resource-exhausted cities, the city achieved 75,000 mu of planting area of small berry economic forests such as raspberries, resettled more than 20,000 employees, and solved many contradictions between agriculture and forestry. It has laid a solid foundation for the development of the four pillar industries in our city.

Second,Relevant policies and measures to promote sustainable development

(A) the policy environment to promote the development of forestry. First, the social status of forestry has been greatly improved.After the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on accelerating forestry development was issued, it provided a programmatic document for guiding the current forestry work. This decision defines forestry as not only an important public welfare undertaking, but also a basic industry, shouldering the dual tasks of ecological construction and forest product supply. At the same time, it is clear that forestry has made an important contribution to the country’s economic construction and the improvement of ecological conditions, and plays an increasingly important role in promoting the development of agriculture and rural economy in the new stage, expanding urban and rural employment and increasing farmers’ income.Second, the central government has continuously increased its investment in forestry.Since 2000, the central government has continuously increased its basic investment in forestry, and has successively launched six key forestry construction projects, among which shangzhi city has organized and implemented the project of returning farmland to forests, the "four-phase" construction project of the Three-North Shelterbelt and the forest ecological benefit compensation fund project. The implementation of these three projects has brought rare opportunities for Shangzhi’s forestry development. First, during the eight years of the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests, it will increase the forestry investment for shangzhi city by nearly 100 million yuan. Eight years’ implementation of the follow-up industrial construction of returning farmland to forests will inject 90 million yuan into the construction of forestry, rural energy and alternative industries in our city. The ecological benefit compensation fund project strives for the national investment of 720,000 yuan every year, increasing to 2.5 million yuan from 2011, not including the supporting special investment. The implementation of the three projects has increased the forest area of shangzhi city by nearly 300,000 mu (excluding state-owned), and the state will extend the compensation time for returning farmland to forests, which will greatly alleviate the problem of insufficient investment in afforestation.Third, the enthusiasm of the whole society to pay attention to forestry is constantly rising.. Firstly, with forest tourism, the in-depth development of forest by-products and the supply of high-quality building decoration materials, the whole society has a new understanding of the multi-functional benefits of forestry. Secondly, the improvement of ecological environment makes people pay more attention to the ecological benefits of forests. The third is that all sectors of society actively participate in the development and construction of forestry. As far as Shangzhi is concerned, in the past 10 years, afforestation has been mainly invested by individuals, and the forest right of returning farmland to forests is basically owned by individuals. The enthusiasm of public officials to buy forest land for afforestation is also relatively high, and there has been a rush to buy forest land and compete for afforestation.

(2) We must vigorously cultivate and protect forest resources.Accelerate forest resourcesCultivation, establish a stable high-quality wood supply system and forest ecosystem. It is necessary to vigorously develop native tree species, encourage the construction of mixed forests, make barren hills suitable for forests green, and gradually change the problem of low and single tree species structure in forest quality; It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of existing forests, vigorously cultivate precious tree species such as Korean pine, Fraxinus mandshurica, pineapple and walnut autumn, and continuously increase the proportion of precious tree species. It is necessary to effectively change the management concept, realize the transformation from simply using materials to building and cultivating a stable forest ecosystem, and at the same time meet people’s diversified ecological, economic and social needs.At present, the afforestation area in shangzhi city should be more than 400,000 mu, including 50,000 mu collectively. We should strive to complete it in 3-5 years, and at the same time, we must play the role of the main battlefield of ecological construction of state-owned forestry units to achieve a "chess game" in the city.It is necessary to further reduce timber production and resolutely put an end to over-exploitation and deforestation. The amount of timber harvested by Shangzhi in the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the Tenth Five-Year Plan is more than 800,000 meters per year. After the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project, it will be reduced to more than 400,000 cubic meters, which should be further reduced to less than 300,000 meters. At the same time, we must strengthen the protection consciousness of forest resources, strictly manage measures, and resolutely put an end to over-exploitation and deforestation. In the work, we should further strengthen supervision and inspection. Once the problem of over-quota and over-planned logging is found, we will resolutely investigate the responsibility of the "top leaders" and related responsible persons in accordance with the law and will never tolerate it. Third, we should continue to implement contract management and protection to realize the organic combination of resource protection and workers’ interests. It is necessary to further strengthen the construction of resource management and protection team, improve and perfect the supervision system of management and protection contract, implement dynamic monitoring and management of forest resources and major economic plant files in the contracted responsibility area, determine special personnel to conduct regular inspection and supervision, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of forest owners and contractors according to law, and strictly monitor the over-exploitation and utilization of forest resources.

(3) Strive to achieve sustainable forest management. First, we should fully understand the great significance of sustainable forest management.. The main purpose of sustainable forest management is to maintain the health and vitality of realistic and potential forest ecosystems through scientific management and rational utilization of forests, so as to meet the needs of economic and social development for forest products and their environmental service functions, and to ensure and promote the coordinated development of population, resources, environment, society and economy.Second, we must accurately grasp the scientific connotation of sustainable forest management.. Sustainable forest management refers to the whole dynamic process from forest cultivation, management and protection, tending to utilization, and its essential requirement is to meet the needs of contemporary people without causing harm to future generations. The core task is to increase the supply of forest products and improve the service function of forests; The basic idea is to pursue the coordination, unity and sustainable development of ecological, social and economic benefits; The goal model is to meet the continuous and diverse needs of human beings for forest resources through strict protection and scientific management.Third, we should vigorously promote the implementation process of sustainable forest management.. To solve the long-term development of forest areas, we must strictly protect the existing natural forests and control the excessive consumption of natural forest resources by stopping logging and reducing production in accordance with the principle of "strict protection, active development, scientific management and sustainable utilization". Further increase forest vegetation through artificial afforestation, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and aerial seeding afforestation; By strengthening the cultivation of young and middle-aged forests and the transformation of low-yield forests, the forest quality and woodland productivity will be continuously improved.

(4) Accelerating the pace of industrial restructuring and development. First, we must persist in scientific and technological innovation and lead industrial development.. Using modern scientific and technological means to improve the overall quality and strength of forestry industry. In 2011, the total output value of social forestry economic construction in shangzhi city was 1.38 billion yuan, the profit was 560 million yuan, and the tax paid was 80 million yuan, with an annual growth rate of more than 10%. There are mainly forest tourism, northern medicine development, green food, wood processing, willow weaving and seedling and flower industry. Among these six industries, forest industry and green food forest tourism have become the leading industries of the five industries in shangzhi city’s regional economic construction.Second, we should make full use of rich forest resources and human resources to develop characteristic tourism.. Tourism is a new leading industry in recent years. There are four national forest parks in shangzhi city, namely Maoershan tourist scenic spot centered on Lvjiaweizi, Yabuli ski resort windmill villa, a ruined tourist area and Wanfoshan tourist area. There is the first village to commemorate Zhou Libo’s Yuanbao land reform culture. There are a large number of unique tourism resources, such as the Anti-Union Base Area represented by the place where Zhao Yiman was arrested. Especially, skiing tourism in winter brings great economic and social benefits to Shangzhi every year.Third, we should support and cultivate a number of pillar industries with strong competitive strength..Taking the wood processing industry as an example, Shangzhi has 328 wood processing enterprises, with an annual output value of 290 million yuan, profits of 10 million yuan and taxes of 15 million yuan. There are more than 20 wood processing enterprises above designated size, mainly concentrated in Weihe Town, Yabuli Town, Shangzhi Town and Yuanbao Town. The development of these enterprises has formed a certain scale, and has formed a certain demonstration and driving role in the local and surrounding areas, but the product grade and competitiveness in the international market are still in a weak position, and the in-depth development and utilization of products are still at a latent level, especially the comprehensive utilization of waste has not yet reached the goal of eating dry and squeezing clean.

(5)Create a good internal and external development environment. First, we must give financial support.. The active preferential tax policy has been implemented. At present, the taxes on agricultural and forestry specialties have been abolished, and the income tax should be gradually reduced or exempted for enterprises, especially for processing enterprises that use wood residues as raw materials. Policy banks actively provide financial services in line with the characteristics of forestry, appropriately extend the term of forestry loans, broaden the types of support loans, lower the threshold of loan access, and extend the length of loans, so that enterprises and farmers can enjoy the preferential policies of state financial support, and solve the problem of insufficient investment in forestry.Second, we should further deepen the reform of the forestry system.. As far as Shangzhi is concerned, the forestry system can be called the management pattern of "three gangs and five countries". The state-owned forestry units in China occupy more than half of Shangzhi and belong to different higher authorities, so it is difficult to implement a unified pace in the overall planning and implementation of ecological construction, the unified allocation of resources and the systematic development of industries. Especially in the construction of ecological environment, it failed to give full play to the main battlefield role of construction. Therefore, in order to strengthen environmental construction, improve the relationship between forest and farmers, promote the adjustment of industrial structure, and speed up the pace of forest areas and farmers getting rich, it is necessary to continuously increase the government’s macro-control and give local governments corresponding rights.Third, we must continuously increase infrastructure construction.. We should only focus on the overall goal of establishing a complete ecological system and a developed forestry industrial system, increase basic investment around law enforcement, fire prevention and pest control, forest development through science and technology, management and protection network and resource cultivation. Through the establishment and improvement of various infrastructures, we will continue to deepen forestry construction and promote the great and rapid development of forestry.

Third, the problems and contradictions faced

Realizing the release of rural potential and promoting rural economic development by deepening the reform of forest right; Increase farmers’ income, promote farmers’ employment and maintain rural stability; Improve the ecological benefits and the supply capacity of forest products and forest by-products; Promote the transformation from traditional forestry to modern forestry. To promote this reform, it is necessary to establish the dominant position of farmers, clarify the ownership and use rights of trees, liberalize the management rights, implement the disposal rights and guarantee the income rights on the premise of keeping the ownership of rural land unchanged. In a short period of time, set up on the basis of individual contract management,Management mechanism of forest region with coexistence of various economic forms and unity of responsibility and rights.First, the reform of collective forest rights can enrich and improve the rural household contract responsibility system.Woodland, like cultivated land, is an important land resource of the country, an important production factor of forestry and an important livelihood guarantee for farmers. We will promote the reform of collective forest rights, give farmers the right to use forest land, and let farmers enjoy the ownership, use and income rights of forest land according to law. Realize "the mountain has its owner, the owner has its right, the right has its responsibilities, and the responsibility has its benefits", so that the production relations of forestry can better meet the development requirements of productive forces and further liberate and develop rural productive forces.Second, the reform of collective forest rights can expand the space for agricultural development.Through the reform of forest right, various production factors such as capital, technology and labor will be attracted to forestry and forest areas, and the ecological, economic, cultural and social multi-functional benefits of forestry will be continuously developed, the social supply capacity of forest products and forest by-products will be increased, the field of forestry management will be extended in depth and breadth, and the diversity and versatility of forestry will be developed.Third, the support and means to enhance the competitiveness of forestry through the reform of collective forest rights.The development of industry depends on the market mechanism. Only by adjusting the forestry structure to the market can we continuously improve the quality and efficiency of forestry. Only by fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of market players can we continuously improve the comprehensive forestry capacity and management level. Through the reform of forest right, the market mechanism is introduced into forestry economy and ecological construction, the property right relationship is clear, the market subject is clear, the market system is cultivated, and the market transaction is standardized, so that forestry has inherent development vitality and a virtuous cycle development mechanism is established.Fourth, the reform of forest rights can provide guarantee for ecological construction.To protect and manage the forest ecological environment well, only by protecting in development and protecting in development can we realize the benign interaction between development, utilization and protection, and only by further clarifying the relationship between property rights, income and distribution can we achieve people’s concentration and take root in the mountains, and can we better play the ecological and economic benefits of forestry.

In short, according to the requirements of the State Council’s "Several Opinions", there is a big gap in building a resource-based city and realizing sustainable development in our city. It is difficult to get rid of the accumulated disadvantages for many years, and it will take a long time to repair the excessive damage. However, the people of the city will make concerted efforts to overcome difficulties and unswervingly follow the road of sustainable development.

Four, 2012 and the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period of sustainable development.

Strive to increase the forest coverage rate to74%more thanBreakthrough progress has been made in ecological management, soil erosion in major river basins and desertification in major sandstorm areas have been alleviated, the overall deterioration of ecological conditions has been initially curbed, and the forestry industrial structure has become more reasonable. The area of ecological public welfare forest protected by the state has reached 109,000 hectares, accounting for 55.9% of the forest area; The nature reserve covers an area of 2,591 hectares. The average productivity of forest land increased from 73.4 to 80 cubic meters/hectare; The supply rate of commercial timber in plantation reached over 35%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of timber reached.　 90%, basically realize the transformation from cutting natural forests to cutting artificial forests; The seed supply rate of afforestation base will reach over 30%, the utilization rate of improved varieties will reach 65%, the qualified rate of seedlings leaving the nursery is 90%, the rate of first-class seedlings leaving the nursery is 85%, the self-sufficiency rate of seedlings is 100%, and the rate of container seedling raising is 10%. The incidence of forest pests and rodents will be controlled below 5%, the disaster rate will be controlled below 4.5‰, the monitoring coverage rate will reach over 90%, and the effective control rate will reach over 80%. The fire rate of forest land should be controlled below 1‰. The contribution rate of scientific and technological progress reached 60%.

(Source: National Rural Economic Dynamic Monitoring Point, shangzhi city Development and Reform Commission, Heilongjiang Province)

Tenhager’s Manchester United are hard to win.

Manchester United lost to West Ham United, and the league was unbeaten in three rounds.

On the evening of December 23rd, Beijing time, the 18th round of the Premier League continued. Manchester United visited London Stadium, and finally lost to West Ham 0-2, and suffered three rounds of the League.

In the first half, Garnacho missed the single-handed, and Anthony repeatedly sent a wonderful pass. In the 72nd minute of the second half, Bowen received a subtle cross from Paquita to break the deadlock. Then, in the 79th minute, the teenager Menu made a mistake in stopping the ball to give a gift, and Paquita assisted Kaddos to chop the next city. In the end, Manchester United can only swallow the bitter fruit of losing 0-2.

Today’s Manchester United is in a quagmire, and has not scored in four games. After the game, coach Tenghage was also asked about Manchester United’s offensive stagnation: "We have players who can do this, but we must also admit that as a team, we have not done this. We must take responsibility. "

"At present, we are not a top team, but we played against the top team in the league last week." Tenghage admits that winning the Cup this year will be the driving force for next year.

"In 2023, we won a Cup (British Cup) and reached the FA Cup final, ranking third in the league. This is a highlight moment, but at present we are not performing well. There are many reasons for this. We have many wounded people. If the injured players return, the team will become better. We must remain calm, unite and stick to our plans. "

Qi zhou fell to the ground injured.

Qi zhou responded to the injury: There is no serious problem after inspection

Qi zhou’s knee injury in the Winter Solstice War touched the hearts of many fans.

On the evening of December 23rd, Beijing time, qi zhou updated his social network status, indicating that the injury was not serious for the time being. "Thank you for your concern from fans and media friends! I will actively cooperate with the treatment and return to the stadium as soon as possible. Everyone will wait for me to come back! "

On the evening of December 22nd, Guangdong men’s basketball team lost to Shanghai 115-122 away. During the game, qi zhou met the opponent’s double-team during an attack, and when his right foot landed, he didn’t find the right center of gravity, which caused his right knee to twist. At that time, qi zhou was in great pain and lay on the ground for a long time.

Players from Guangdong men’s basketball team and Shanghai men’s basketball team came forward to ask about the situation. After the game, Wang Zhelin, the center of Shanghai team, said: "Pray for qi zhou, I hope he won’t have too big a problem. It’s painful to see him, and I don’t know what it is. I hope he won’t have much problem. "

After the injury, qi zhou was carried off the court by the doctor on a stretcher. After that, he had an MRI examination, and Zhu Fangyu, general manager of Guangdong team, revealed that qi zhou’s injury was not a big problem.

Qi zhou joined the Guangdong team this season. However, he missed the first stage of this season’s league match because of his aggravated waist injury during his World Cup campaign for China men’s basketball team this summer.

After coming back in the second stage, qi zhou performed well and became the pillar of the Guangdong team inside. However, because his back injury had not healed before, he also had some physical reactions and had rested several games. This season, Zhou Qi averaged 17.6 points and 12 rebounds per game.

Salah equalised for Liverpool.

Arsenal draw with Liverpool and continue to lead the Premier League.

In the early morning of December 24th, Beijing time, the 18th round of the Premier League ushered in the top battle, and Liverpool played against Arsenal at home. In the end, both sides scored a goal and tied 1-1. Arsenal also relied on this draw to continue to lead the Premier League by one point.

Just four minutes into the first half, Gabriel flashed the goal, and Arsenal turned against customers. Subsequently, Odegard was not fined for handball in the restricted area. In the 29 th minute, Arnold’s long pass guided Salah’s internal shot equalized.

Since then, Zimikas has been injured and no one is available at Liverpool left-back. In the second half, Arnold had a great chance to hit the crossbar. The score was finally locked at 1-1.

Regarding the dispute about Odegard’s handball, Saliba said in an interview after the game: "Of course, this is a penalty, but I am not a referee, I must accept it."

After leading Arsenal to the top position, Arteta said after the game, "This is an incredible game, one of the most intense and crazy games I have seen in the league in 20 years. The quality of the games of both teams is excellent."

"I think my players deserve great praise for watching this game and witnessing a team and our boys play at such a level."

Sun xingyu scored a goal.

Sun Xingyu scored and Tottenham beat Everton.

On the evening of December 23rd, Beijing time, the 18th round of Premier League continued. Tottenham Hotspur took the home seat and finally defeated Everton 2-1, winning three consecutive victories.

In the 9th minute, Rishalison took the lead in scoring with Brennan’s assistance, and Tottenham took control of the game early. In the 18th minute, Sun Xingyi made a second shot.

Since then, neither side has found a better opportunity to break the door. In the 82nd minute, in the corner kick, Andre Gomes scored directly without stopping, helping Everton to pull back a city. At the last minute, Everton almost tied. After Danjuma hit the crossbar, the ball bounced and hit Vicario’s leg. In this way, Tottenham narrowly missed three consecutive victories.

"Against a very strong opponent like Everton, the result is gratifying. They have been the best in the league in the past few weeks. We took control of the situation in the first half. Except for the goal, our other performances were excellent. " Tottenham coach Postecoglou said in an interview after the game.

"We threatened, but we relaxed a little after taking a 2-0 lead, which gave our opponents a chance to fight back."

In addition, Postecoglou also mentioned Romero’s situation. "He felt his hamstring tense before halftime, so we had to replace him."

Bisek scored the first goal of Inter’s career.

Inter Milan beat Lecce and ushered in a four-game winning streak in the league.

In the early morning of December 24th, Beijing time, the 17th round of Serie A continued. Inter Milan beat Lecce 2-0 at home and ushered in four consecutive victories in the league.

In the 43rd minute, Chaerhan Oulu made a set-piece in the frontcourt, Bisek headed the goal and Inter took the lead at home. Yi Bian fought again, Anautovic’s heel assisted varela to break the goal, Banda was dyed red, and finally Inter Milan locked the score at 2-0.

"It was wonderful. I scored a goal and the whole stadium was crazy. This is an exciting moment that I will always remember. All my teammates are happy for me." Bisek, who scored his first goal in Inter Milan and Serie A, said in an interview after the game.

"I didn’t know there was such a big cheer at the scene. I have never played in such a stadium. I am surprised and happy. I like it very much."

Coach Inzaghi is also satisfied with the performance of Inter players. "The players are very calm and not too impatient. The players played well and we deserved to win. "

At the same time, Filippo Inzaghi also said that as cuadrado’s injury will continue until next year, the management of Inter Milan is already making a transfer. "We are talking with the management, and there are many games to play later, so we will make some changes to the five-man midfield. Cuadrado will not be able to return until early April, which has a great impact on us. "

Tianjin pioneers beat Fujian Xunxing shares.

Zhu Shilong rushed into the stadium to argue with the referee and was expelled.

On December 23rd, Beijing time, in the 20th round of CBA regular season, the Tianjin pioneer who played at home defeated Fujian Xunxing shares 106-91, and Fujian Xunxing shares suffered a three-game losing streak.

In the third quarter of the competition, Fujian men’s basketball coach Zhu Shilong was dissatisfied with the penalty, rushed into the stadium and had a verbal conflict with the referee. He also angered the tactical board and was eventually expelled by the referee.

At the beginning of the game, Fujian men’s basketball team took the advantage, using a wave of attacks to expand the score difference to 13 points, but in the latter part of the bar, Tianjin pioneers narrowed the score again. In the second quarter, Fujian once pulled the difference to 7 points again, but the Tianjin men’s basketball team entered a counterattack state, which not only tied the score, but also surpassed it by 11 points.

In the third quarter, Tianjin pioneers experienced ups and downs, and Fujian Xunxing Co., Ltd. seized the opportunity to narrow the difference to 6 points. Later, Tianjin’s pioneers found their state, and a wave of attacks scored 26 points.

In the fourth quarter, Tianjin pioneers expanded the score difference to 23 points after the first wave of attacks. Although Fujian Xunxing Co., Ltd. fought back hard and reduced its disadvantage to 8 points, Tianjin pioneers always maintained the offensive rhythm, steadily expanded their advantages and finally won the game.

After being expelled, Zhu Shilong did not give an interview after the game. Jotis, assistant professor of Fujian Men’s Basketball Team, was interviewed.

Jotis said, "This is a difficult game. The Tianjin team is very strong. We are not ready. The main reason for the defeat is the rebound in the frontcourt."

Tianjin women’s volleyball team defeated Shenzhen women’s volleyball team in straight sets.

Tianjin women’s volleyball team beat Shenzhen completely in the Super League.

On December 23rd, the quarter-finals of the 2023-2024 China Women’s Volleyball Super League started. Defending champion Tianjin Women’s Volleyball Team defeated Shenzhen Women’s Volleyball Team in straight sets at home, winning the knockout round.

In the quarter-finals, the system of best of three games will be implemented. If Tianjin women’s volleyball team wins the next game, it will eliminate Shenzhen team and advance to the semi-finals.

Tianjin Women’s Volleyball Team is the "overlord" of domestic leagues. In the first stage of this season, it won 12 games without losing a game, and advanced to the quarter-finals with the first place in Group A.. Although the Shenzhen team has introduced many foreign AIDS this season, its overall strength is not outstanding, and it has advanced to the quarter-finals as the fourth place in Group B..

On that day’s match, all the national players of Tianjin Women’s Volleyball Team made their debut. The main attack on Li Yingying was the core of the team’s attack, and the secondary attack line composed of Yuan Xinyue and Wang Yuanyuan occupied the advantage of the net.

In the first game, Tianjin women’s volleyball team successfully won 25-21. In the second game, the defense of Shenzhen women’s volleyball team was excellent, and the attack of Shi Bingtong and foreign aid Scholten was also improved. The two sides fought fiercely, and Tianjin women’s volleyball team won 32-30 after some fierce battles.

In the third game, Tianjin women’s volleyball team scored 9-2 in the game, and finally won 25-19.

The Tianjin Women’s Volleyball Team was in full swing, with four players scoring in double figures. Li Yingying scored a game-high 19 points, WangYiZhu contributed 17 points and Yuan Xinyue scored 15 points. The highest score of Shenzhen team was Shi Bingtong’s 15 points.

On the 30th, the two sides will play the second round at the home of Shenzhen team.