CCTV News:China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China issued the Notice on Matters Related to Personal Pension Business by Insurance Companies, the details of which are as follows.

All banking insurance regulatory bureaus, life insurance companies and China Bank Insurance Information Technology Management Co., Ltd.:

In order to promote the construction of multi-level and multi-pillar endowment insurance system and promote insurance companies to carry out personal pension business, according to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Insurance Law and other laws and regulations and the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Development of Personal Pension (No.7 [2022] of the State Council), relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

1. Insurance companies shall implement the requirements of the individual pension system, provide simple, safe, stable and long-term commercial pension insurance, improve the protection mechanism of customers’ rights and interests, and meet the people’s growing diversified pension needs.

Two, meet the following conditions of insurance companies can carry out personal pension business:

(a) the owner’s equity at the end of the previous year is not less than 5 billion yuan and not less than 75% of the company’s share capital (paid-in capital);

(2) The comprehensive solvency adequacy ratio is not less than 150% and the core solvency adequacy ratio is not less than 75% at the end of last year;

(3) The coverage rate of the liability reserve at the end of the previous year shall not be less than 100%;

(4) Its comprehensive risk rating in the last four quarters is not lower than Class B;

(5) It has not been subjected to any major administrative punishment by the financial regulatory agency in the last three years;

(6) Having a sound information management system, connecting with the personal pension information platform of the banking and insurance industry (hereinafter referred to as the bancassurance industry platform), and registering and interacting with information according to relevant requirements;

(seven) other conditions stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

Endowment insurance companies with prominent main business of providing for the aged, standardized business development and sound internal management mechanism may be exempted from the provision in the first paragraph that the owner’s equity at the end of last year shall not be less than 5 billion yuan.

Three, insurance companies to carry out personal pension business, can provide annuity insurance, endowment assurance, and other products recognized by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as personal pension insurance products). Personal pension insurance products shall meet the following requirements:

(a) the insurance period is not less than 5 years;

(two) the insurance liability is limited to the payment of survival insurance, the payment of maturity insurance, death, total disability, disability or nursing status;

(3) Being able to meet the payment requirements of participants in the individual pension system (hereinafter referred to as participants) by providing wholesale payment, periodical payment or irregular payment;

(4) Other requirements stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

Four, the insurance company to apply for personal pension insurance products insurance terms and rates for approval or filing, in addition to the provisions of the materials shall also submit the following materials:

A description of the owner’s equity, solvency adequacy ratio, liability reserve coverage ratio at the end of last year, and the comprehensive risk rating in the last four quarters;

(2) An explanation of the administrative punishment imposed by the financial regulatory agency in the last three years;

(3) A description of the docking with the banking industry platform;

(4) An explanation of the insurance clauses and rates of the company’s personal pension insurance products.

Insurance companies can incorporate existing insurance products into individual pension insurance products by applying for approval or filing of changes in insurance terms and rates. For the exclusive commercial endowment insurance products that have been approved, the insurance company shall submit the above explanatory materials to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, and it is not necessary to apply for the approval of changing the insurance terms and rates.

Five, in accordance with the provisions of this notice through the insurance terms and rates for approval or filing products can be included in the list of personal pension insurance products. The bancassurance industry platform shall regularly publish the list of personal pension insurance products.

Six, the insurance company and the participants before signing an insurance contract, it shall make a special statement on the following matters:

(a) the individual pension system and its tax policy;

(2) Requirements for the management of individual pension fund accounts;

(3) Information management requirements of the banking industry platform.

Seven, authorized by the participants, the insurance company can provide the following services in accordance with the law:

(1) Assisting participants to open personal pension accounts on the personal pension information management service platform of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security;

(2) Assisting participants in the designation or change of individual pension fund accounts;

(3) Registering the relevant information of the participants in the banking industry platform.

Eight, the insurance company shall sign an insurance contract with the participants separately, and clearly mark the contract in the company’s relevant information system, and shall not accept the use of funds in the personal pension fund account to insure others.

Nine, insurance companies should strengthen the management and control of personal pension funds, personal pension insurance products related to various types of capital transactions should meet the requirements of closed management of personal pension funds accounts.

X. The insurance indemnity paid by the insurance company according to the contract due to the death, total disability, disability or nursing status of the participant will not be returned to the individual pension fund account of the participant. An insurance company shall strengthen the management of insurance indemnity information and submit information to the bancassurance industry platform as required.

Eleven, the insurance company shall establish a special area for personal pension related business in the self-operated network platform, mobile client, etc., to provide business consulting, rights inquiry, information disclosure, consumer complaints, education and publicity and other services. Among them, the personal rights and interests information provided by the insurance company includes but is not limited to payment, cash value, and related insurance liabilities.

Twelve, the insurance company shall earnestly fulfill the main responsibility of sales management, improve the management system, strengthen the organization management, personnel management and sales behavior of the whole process control. Insurance companies are responsible for making sales promotional materials and urging their use, and may not authorize branches, intermediaries or individuals to make or modify them themselves.

Thirteen, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its agencies should strengthen the supervision of insurance companies operating personal pension-related businesses, and take risk warning, supervision interviews, ordering rectification and other regulatory measures for problems found in product management, sales management, investment management and information disclosure, and impose administrative penalties according to law. Those suspected of committing crimes shall be transferred to judicial organs for handling.

Fourteen, to carry out personal pension business insurance companies shall, before 31 January each year, submit an annual personal pension business report to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its relevant agencies, including operating conditions, insurance clauses and rates for approval or filing, and the use of funds.

15. China Bank Insurance Information Technology Management Co., Ltd. is responsible for the construction and operation of the bancassurance industry platform, supporting insurance companies’ underwriting, claims settlement, preservation and other operations, establishing systematic connection between the bancassurance industry platform and the personal pension information management service platform of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and relevant financial institutions in accordance with regulations, formulating the operation and management system of the bancassurance industry platform, doing a good job in information statistics and data submission, and implementing data security responsibilities.

China China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

November 21, 2022

2019 Huawei Developers Conference was held and HarmonyOS OS was officially released. (Source: vision china)

"HarmonyOS" is the beginning of the world, and China is promising.

For a long time, Chinese suffered from not having its own chip and operating system. Now, from the mythical beasts of Huawei Kirin and Kunpeng to HarmonyOS, the old balance of global science and technology has been broken one after another, and Huawei has captured the peaks in the science and technology competition. So, what kind of new revolution will Huawei lead? Will the world start a fight to trap the "beast"?

The best time or the worst time?

"What era are we in today?"This is the first question raised by Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei’s consumer business, at the Huawei Global Developers Conference on August 9th.

What kind of era, what kind of technology is needed. Huawei’s answer is this:

First, the era of internet of everything and intelligent whole scene.

I believe everyone is familiar with the concept of "Internet of Everything". Huawei is leading everyone to enter the "intelligent era of the whole scene of the Internet of Everything". To achieve this goal, we need to create a brand-new ecology and experience, and we need strong operating system support.

The significance of "HarmonyOS" system is magnified in historical coordinates, which is more intuitive. In the era of PC, the Windows operating system invented by Microsoft occupies more than half of the country. In the era of mobile internet, Google and Apple established the Android ecosystem and iOS system respectively, which basically divided the smartphone market. At present, it has become a consensus that everything can be connected, but who can lead the coquettish?

All parties have made great efforts. HarmonyOS OS’s ambition is to be born for the Internet of Things era, not just mobile phones. Huawei’s architecture is called "1+8+N" & mdash; — 1 is a smart phone, 8 includes PC, tablet, car, sports health, wearing, AR, VR, smart big screen, intelligent audio, etc. N is a large number of IoT devices.

Second, the technology of operating system has entered the era of "microkernel".

At present, Google’s operating system is based on macro-kernel architecture, and Fuchsia, the next generation operating system with micro-kernel, is being developed. Apple uses different operating systems on different devices, mainly macro kernel, and also introduces some micro kernels. As far as the trend is concerned, "microkernel" is the development direction of global operating system. HarmonyOS system chose microkernel.

Simply put, the macro kernel is a "big manager", and the famous Linux and Uinux systems are macro kernels. This system puts all the supported services in the kernel, which is more efficient, but the problem that comes with it is more and more "bloated". For example, the Android system has 100 million lines of code, and the kernel has more than 20 million lines. We often use only 8% of the kernel.From 2G memory to 8G memory, the mobile phone needs more and more memory to ensure smooth operation, and the price is getting more and more expensive.

Microkernel is an "information transfer station", which places more service programs outside the kernel, and the kernel only places frequently used codes, thus greatly reducing the memory pressure. In fact, the memory requirements of many devices are very small. According to Huawei,Compared with Android and Apple, HarmonyOS microkernel is greatly improved in security and convenient in application development.

HarmonyOS’s "short board"

The HarmonyOS system makes people "unconscious". As a subversive, what is the attitude of the world towards HarmonyOS?

Not long ago, Huawei has encountered multiple technical blockades. The US government had planned to include Huawei in the so-called "entity list", and Google once claimed that Android system no longer supported the newly released Huawei mobile phone. For another example, some countries still have resistance to Huawei’s participation in 5G construction.

Operating system, from the technical level, can overcome difficulties and concentrate on breaking through in a certain period of time. The cultivation of the ecological level is not a one-off event. Can the upstream and downstream accept it? How high is the cost of conversion? It depends not only on whether HarmonyOS’s experience is "worthy of the name", but also on letting users vote.

Ecology is like air, water, soil and language that human beings need. From the perspective of Apple’s ecology, it is not only an excellent product company, but also has a rich App application ecology and practical peripheral accessories. In terms of corporate strategy, Apple is shifting its focus from hardware to software to strengthen its own "moat". After several years of development, Android system has the first share in the market, and most companies have formed a "path dependence" on Android system research and development.

Giants such as Microsoft, Samsung and Nokia have launched Windows Phone, Tizen and Symbian systems, and the result has not shaken the ecological pattern of Android and Apple. An important reason is that,There is not a lot of software and product support, even though their own hardware is very powerful.

Judging from the conditions Huawei has, as an equipment manufacturer, it has a good hardware ecology; As an enterprise benchmark, it has the support of the domestic big market. However, there is still a lot of work to be done to make potential competitors at home and abroad accept and carry the HarmonyOS system. Moreover, HarmonyOS has not been tested by more reality. In terms of application, HarmonyOS’s choice is to first carry it on a "peripheral device" such as Glory Smart Screen, rather than a smart phone.

So in a short time, it is difficult for HarmonyOS to replace Android. The advent of HarmonyOS is bound to challenge Android and Apple, which are both in the hands of American companies. At present, it remains to be seen how Google and Apple will take over. It is foreseeable that the competition will be fierce. Ren Zhengfei said: "We do a good job in ecological construction ‘ Long March ’ Preparation. "

What is Huawei’s response to the unfriendly external environment?

You can call it"Strategically high-profile, tactically low-key."Judging from Huawei’s publicity, Ren Zhengfei revealed that "HarmonyOS is 60% faster and smoother than Android." Yu Chengdong claims to be "ready to use" and "the development workload of migrating Android ecological applications to HarmonyOS OS is very small". This will inevitably make Google and Apple feel "unsuitable".

Huawei also emphasized a kind of self-confidence called "open source". We know that the success of Android is inseparable from open source. Open source allows more developers and users to join the Android ecosystem, helping it to continuously improve and mature.

In view of the strong ecological barrier of Android system, Huawei’s strategy is to "give priority to Google’s Android operating system. If the Android operating system can’t be used, HarmonyOS can be enabled at any time.. "Huawei flashed the challenger’s posture, also opened the door to cooperation, and walked very cautiously.

It should be said that Huawei is holding high and fighting high on the road of technology, but the road of ecology is "long and long".

From zero to one

The advent of HarmonyOS made national pride boil. It has to be said that the background of Sino-US trade friction and the concentrated suppression of Huawei by the United States have accelerated the process of "turning a spare tire into a regular one" in HarmonyOS. The reason why Huawei has survived the "storm" is that it has taken precautions and worked hard many years ago. In the development of HarmonyOS, 5,000 engineers struggled day and night and sharpened their swords for seven years.

To some extent, Huawei is quite "fighting alone". In the future high-tech track, it is foreseeable that the United States will continue to keep a high pressure on China’s technology enterprises. The rise of science and technology in China needs more ambitious and persistent companies like Huawei.

One question worthy of reflection is that,Although the number and scale of Internet technology giants and unicorn companies in China are among the best in the world, they are market-driven companies thanks to China’s huge domestic market and population base. When we have long been used to domestic manufacturers fighting for hardware, marketing and price, Huawei talked about "soft power" such as operating system and ecosystem for the first time at the press conference, which is quite the weather of Apple and Google.

The shortcomings of basic science in China are outstanding, and the original achievements are lacking. The situation that key core technologies such as operating systems and chips are controlled by people has not fundamentally changed.Practice has repeatedly told us that,Key core technologies can’t be bought, bought or discussed. "Difficulties are like springs. If you are strong, it will be weak, and if you are weak, it will be strong." China has made up its mind to independently develop its own core technology and make great efforts in the field of "sticking its neck" to meet more complicated global competition.

HarmonyOS, from zero to one, is Huawei’s "groundbreaking" move, and it is also a breakthrough in China’s science and technology.

　　Another big move! China has developed a "super high-speed rail" with a theoretical speed of 1,000 kilometers per hour!

　　CCTV News:The "super-ring high-speed rail" advocated by the science and technology madman Musk has been recognized in the United States, and the feasibility study is under way. The super-ring high-speed rail uses low-vacuum pipes and magnetic levitation technology, and the speed will be close to the plane’s 1000 km/h. This kind of high-speed rail can be built not only on the surface, but also in underground tunnels. In China, this experiment is also under way. In a laboratory in Chengdu, the reporter of Economic Half-hour saw that scientists in China were working hard for it.

　　China announces high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology.

　　Chengdu Southwest Jiaotong University, the world’s first annular experimental line platform for ultra-high-speed magnetic levitation train with vacuum pipeline, is the first manned high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation annular experimental line in China. The total length of the line is 45 meters, the designed load is 300 kilograms, the maximum load can reach 1 ton, and the clear height of suspension is more than 20 millimeters. It is a superconducting suspension system with the same load capacity, the smallest cross section and the least amount of permanent magnet materials in the world. It can carry out the actual dynamic operation experiment of 0-50 km/h. Don’t underestimate these complicated machinery and equipment. In the ideal state of vacuum pipeline, this technological innovation can increase the theoretical speed of trains to more than 1,000 km/h.

　　Deng Zigang, Ph.D. Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University: Many indicators are internationally leading. Our core thing, its actual load capacity, can suspend a ton. The cross-sectional area of our track is the smallest in the world now, that is, its width is only 120 mm and its thickness is only 25 mm, and it uses very little permanent magnet material.

　　This high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology introduced by scientists in China, once published, has aroused the world’s largest institute of electronic and electrical engineers — — The American IEEE Association paid attention to it, and they reported this scientific research achievement of Chinese in two full-page texts. The British BBC, American CNN, European public television and other media rushed to Southwest Jiaotong University to conduct field investigation and reporting. The birth of this science and technology may not have attracted much public attention, but in the eyes of many scientists around the world, Chinese has made almost a revolutionary technological creation this time.

　　Deng Zigang: At that time, its title was Super Pipeline, and then there were comments below. It felt that this subversive technology might have revolutionary significance in all aspects of people’s travel modes or aerospace applications in the future.

　　How can this "super pipeline", which is called subversive technology by many scientists in the world, be suspended in orbit? Deng Zigang, the 37-year-old project leader, told the reporter that for decades, experts from Southwest Jiaotong University, domestic research institutes and many manufacturing enterprises have been continuously carrying out relay research and development experiments before today’s results were born.

　　Magnetic levitation technology was first put forward by Germans in the 1920s, and it has a history of almost a hundred years. In the following decades, Germany has always maintained a technological lead in constant-conduction magnetic levitation and Japan in low-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation; China has been catching up since the mid-1980s, but it is undoubtedly a huge problem to catch up with the technological gap of 60 years.

　　If we want to complete the research and manufacture of maglev train, we need to go through many thresholds in advance, such as where does HTS material come from? How to build a special track? How to design the car body, and so on. Can scientists in China successfully develop this challenge from scratch?

　　Superconduction in HTS magnetic levitation refers to a superconducting material, which has zero resistance effect, that is to say, when current flows through a conductor, there is no heat loss, and a strong current can be formed in the conductor without resistance, thus generating a super-strong magnetic field. Superconducting magnetic levitation is to realize magnetic levitation by using the diamagnetism of superconductors. The so-called high-temperature superconductivity refers to the characteristics of superconductivity in the liquid nitrogen environment of MINUS 196 degrees Celsius; Low temperature superconductivity refers to the characteristics of superconductivity in liquid helium environment at MINUS 269 degrees Celsius.

　　Compared with low-temperature superconductivity and normal-temperature superconductivity, high-temperature superconductivity has one of the greatest characteristics: it is self-stable, in other words, after being placed in a permanent magnet orbit, it can be suspended and suspended, whether in motion or at rest; Moreover, on the permanent magnet track, the high-temperature superconductor also provides stable guiding force and levitation force, that is, it will not shake up and down, and it will be firmly tied to the permanent magnet track like a nail.

　　The thickness of the superconducting layer is only 1% of that of the hair.

　　It can be suspended and hung, which looks a bit like magic. Where is the secret? Deng Zigang introduced that the first is the permanent magnet material laid on the track. In fact, high-performance permanent magnet materials have been developed and produced abroad for many years, but these products and technologies have been blocked for a long time in China. Don’t say that you can’t buy them, even if you want to visit them. The only way is for Chinese to make it himself. The magnetic levitation laboratory is in Chengdu, but the magnetic levitation materials are quietly developed and produced by a company in Hangzhou.

　　To develop high-performance permanent magnet materials, especially for high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation tracks, it is necessary to fuse and distribute more than a dozen raw materials, including various rare earth materials, evenly.

　　Mao Shoudong, vice president of Hangzhou Permanent Magnet Group Co., Ltd. told the reporter of "Economic Half-hour" that this process is like kneading dough, which is difficult, but it is crucial to the performance of magnetic steel.

　　After the precise arrangement of more than a dozen raw materials, it is necessary to magnetize the magnetic steel with current, which is also a relatively dangerous link. If the magnetizing charge is not good, it is easy to cause its unstable performance, and sometimes it can’t be controlled, and the magnetic steel is easy to fly to the ceiling.

　　After repeated experiments, the high-performance permanent magnet material was finally successfully developed, but then another problem appeared: how to splice the permanent magnets together to form the magnetic suspension guide rail? Because the repulsive magnetic force between permanent magnets is very large, a small piece can generate more than 300 kilograms of thrust, which may lead to deviation if you are not careful. So, what methods can effectively solve the problem of splicing and combination?

　　Mao Shoudong, vice president of Hangzhou Permanent Magnet Group Co., Ltd.: It depends on a series of designed tooling, and it is fixed bit by bit by mechanical means, and one magnetic steel is fixed, and then the next magnetic steel is installed.

　　Dr. Deng Zigang, Ph.D., State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University: At that time, we did a full design in the early stage. After designing the fixture, we continued to explore and improve on the spot, and finally found a better way. It took only one day to install our last 84 permanent magnet tracks.

　　After the problem of permanent magnet guideway material was solved, Deng Zigang’s team began to face the test of the second problem, which is the core high temperature superconducting material for manufacturing maglev trains in the world.

　　Deng Zigang: Our superconducting materials are installed in the four corners of our car, in this black cover. This superconducting material replaces the four wheels of our car. This superconducting material can be suspended in our low temperature environment of liquid nitrogen.

　　In the first decade of this century, there were only three suppliers of second-generation HTS materials in the world, two in the United States, which sold to the world at expensive prices, and the other company in Japan, but the export was prohibited. If materials can only be imported, China’s development of HTS industry will be "stuck". After searching in many ways, Deng Zigang set his sights on Shanghai Superconducting Technology Company.

　　Wu Xiang, Deputy General Manager of Superconducting Materials Division of Shanghai Superconducting Technology Co., Ltd.: Why do we do this? There is also a feeling. Because before we went to international conferences, all the superconducting materials reported by everyone were made by others. When it comes to superconductivity in China, there are very few questions, and there is a feeling that no one in China has made this thing. Our idea is, no matter what, we must make this, just to fight for this tone.

　　In 2011, Shanghai Superconducting Technology Company was formally established and started research and development. The first difficulty they encountered was how to closely connect different coatings with superconducting tapes. Superconducting tape is made up of several layers of different raw materials. The superconducting layer is located in the middle core layer, and the outside is mainly divided into seven or eight layers, such as machine tape, isolation layer and buffer layer. The reason why so many layers are added is mainly to protect and buffer the superconducting tape in the middle layer, which is equivalent to wearing a set of protective armor to keep the performance of superconducting tape stable and consistent. However, these layers of raw materials are different, and the coating thickness needs to be very thin and very uniform. The process is extremely difficult.

　　Zhao Yue, Special Researcher, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Energy Smart Grid (Shanghai) R&D Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University: It is a superconducting film coated on a 50 micron thick stainless steel strip. What is the concept of 50 micron thickness? That is, we are about the same thickness as hair, but the most important superconducting layer thickness among them is only about 1% of the thickness of hair.

　　Wu Xiang, Deputy General Manager of Superconducting Materials Division of Shanghai Superconducting Technology Co., Ltd.: In fact, the superconducting layer is the most difficult for us to plate now, because its process is very special, and we use laser attachment deposition to coat the film.

　　But the most difficult thing is the technology of connecting superconducting tapes together. Although the length of superconducting tapes has been changed from the initial 100-meter level to the current kilometer level, there is no superconducting tape without joints in the world due to the existing technology. As soon as the superconducting tape has a joint, it will have resistance. How to reduce the resistance to the lowest value is not only a difficult problem for Chinese, but also a difficult problem for enterprises all over the world.

　　Wu Xiang: Our company has developed a superconducting joint technology, and its resistance can reach about two nanoohms. Now, everyone in the world can normally achieve about tens of nanoohms. Two nanoohms is relatively low at present.

　　After more than three years’ efforts, superconducting materials within the world’s advanced level have finally been successfully developed in Shanghai, China.

　　Zhao Yue: We have the same condition. Compared with some similar products in the world, its performance and current carrying capacity have improved by 25%. Under this condition, we are absolutely ahead.

　　This advanced superconducting material has broad application prospects, not only for maglev transportation, but also for superconducting cables, radio charging systems for new energy vehicles, and even for national defense and military affairs, such as the new launch technology of missiles — — Cold launch.

　　Zhao Yue: The traditional missile mode is ignition launch. In the initial process of missile ignition, a lot of heat will be generated and detected by the enemy, so certain measures will be taken against the missile. If we use superconducting energy storage device to release huge energy quickly in a short time, we can throw this weapon into the air and ignite it at a certain height, so it will be difficult for the enemy to find it. This is a very popular technology, and all developed countries are studying it.

　　The two difficulties of material and track passed, and Deng Zigang in the laboratory of Southwest Jiaotong University began to face the final problem, the maglev experimental vehicle.

　　Like other research and development modes of materials, the research and development of maglev experimental vehicle has been transferred from Chengdu to CRRC Tangshan Locomotive Company. How to make the car float, and keep the maglev car running safely, smoothly and without noise, whether turning or going uphill or downhill? The researchers of CRRC Tangshan Locomotive Company took over the baton developed.

　　Wu Huichao, Ph.D. Senior Engineer of CRRC Tangshan Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd.: Each of our bogies is equivalent to a row of legs of a centipede. When we turn a corner, every module can rotate flexibly. In this case, it is very flexible for us to suspend the car through the whole small corner.

　　In 2014, the vacuum high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation experimental line was successfully built in Chengdu laboratory of Southwest Jiaotong University. Through unremitting efforts, several generations of scholars from Southwest Jiaotong University have created one miracle after another in the field of magnetic levitation. At the same time, their contribution to scientific research theory has also won great repercussions at home and abroad. In 2016, Deng Zigang’s university teachers Wang Jiasu and Wang Suyu wrote down their lifelong research efforts and published them in Germany. At this time, it is nearly a hundred years since German scholars put forward the magnetic levitation technology. This is the first superconducting monograph published in English by China scholars in Germany, the birthplace of magnetic levitation.

　　Deng Zigang, Ph.D., State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University: These two books embody a process of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology, from leading to being chased, to leading again.

　　Southwest Jiaotong University’s research achievements in high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation also strongly attract foreign counterparts. Deng Zigang told reporters that a few months later, in July 2018, several Brazilian scholars will come to Southwest Jiaotong University to study.

　　Zhang Weihua, Chief Professor of Southwest Jiaotong University and Director of the State Key Laboratory of Traction Power: With the completion of a test platform with a speed of 400km/h and 400km+this year, we can achieve the highest speed. Next, we will do it at a speed of 1500 kilometers per hour, so I think we should be ahead in the world, whether it is high-temperature superconducting maglev or vacuum pipeline.

　　At present, China, Germany, Japan, the United States, Brazil and other countries are stepping up efforts to promote the practical process of superconducting magnetic levitation vehicles. Hyperloop one Company of the United States built a 500-meter-long vacuum pipeline test line in Nevada desert, and achieved a top speed of 310 km/h in 2017. In China, CRRC Qingdao Sifang Locomotive Company was officially launched in October 2016 to develop a high-speed maglev train project with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour. In August, 2017, China Aerospace Science and Industry Group announced that the project of "High-speed Flying Train", the fifth means of transportation for human beings, has been studied and demonstrated, with a maximum speed of 4,000 kilometers per hour, which is 10 times faster than the current maximum speed of 350 kilometers per hour for the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway!

　　Half-hour observation

　　At the most critical moment of scientific research and development, what our lens can record is the hardship and boredom in the process. But as the president of Southwest Jiaotong University said, today’s era is an era of creating miracles. China’s high-speed rail has been at the forefront of the world today, and the next generation of revolutionary technology research and development, China scientists have not slackened at all. Maybe in the near future, when you and I get on the high-speed rail with a speed of thousands of kilometers per hour, we will recall the hard work of these scientists today. The process is so boring, but what finally comes together is the miracle made in China.

　　[car home Information] The famous world-class luxury sports car held a press conference on September 7, 2008, which marked the historic first step of aston martin’s strategy of marching into China. Taking this opportunity, the company’s senior management announced that aston martin had fully entered the China market, and officially released aston martin’s brand establishment and business expansion plan in Chinese mainland.

"Press Conference on aston martin’s Full Access to China Market"

　　At the press conference, Mr. Chen Rende, CEO of China District, aston martin, announced that aston martin (China) plans to establish a distribution network in at least two cities (Guangzhou and Chengdu) in China within one year. According to Ding Lingling, director of marketing and public relations, the sales plan for aston martin in 2008 is 100 vehicles, and the sales plan for 2010 will reach 500 vehicles. Aston martin set up its first flagship store in shanghai new world at the end of November, 2007. The exhibition hall can accommodate five aston martin exhibition cars. In March, 2008, aston martin Beijing 4S Center was set up in Beijing Jingang Automobile Park. At the same time, an exhibition hall can accommodate three exhibition cars was set up in Beijing CBD business district. In the short period of half a year after entering China, aston martin’s sales in China are gratifying, with more than 50 cars booked.

　　China’s luxury goods market is developing rapidly, and aston martin values China’s huge luxury goods consumption potential. customer orientation’s young generation, newly emerging in China, has a perfect fit with aston martin’s core concepts-strength, beauty and inspiration.

"China gets a quota of 5 ONE-77s"

　　While fully exploring the high-end automobile market in China, aston martin (China) will introduce a brand-new super sports car one-77 with a 7.0-liter 12-cylinder engine. This model will be released in a limited number of 77 vehicles worldwide, and its exciting and perfect performance will be tailored for a few discerning customers around the world. Aston martin (China) will get a quota of five cars. By then, super luxury sports cars will surely bring a brand-new luxury and noble style to the high-end luxury market in China.

● aston martin will launch a new

　　According to the latest news from aston martin headquarters, in December 2008, aston martin Global Production Order will launch a brand-new DBS with paddle shifting mode for automatic transmission. At that time, users in China will also feel the super performance of the new DBS at the same time.

● aston martin Lagunda model revival

Mr. Chen Rende, CEO of China District, aston martin.

　　On the 1st of this month, CEO Ulrich Bez, global CEO of aston martin, announced that he would devote himself to the revival of Lagunda models. Aston martin is a sincere and credible brand, which combines science and technology with sophisticated craftsmanship to make the most beautiful cars in the world. Lagunda will adopt aston martin’s unique design concept, extract DNA elements from the past, and look to the future like aston martin. Dr Bez said, "In 2009, Lagunda will celebrate its 100th birthday. In the special year of a whole century, we believe that the first car will be displayed on the stage of 2012. "

Aston martin and 007 series movies.

　　In November 2008, the new version of Quantum of Solace (tentatively named Quantum Crisis of 007 in Chinese) will be premiered in China. At that time, aston martin will attend the premieres in Beijing and Shanghai. Aston Martin DBS once again helped the new 007 film and set off a new Bond craze for 007 film. As an important highlight of 007 series movies, Aston Martin DBS is the ultimate embodiment of aston martin’s design and technology: excellent performance and uncompromising, filling the gap between road car and track car-DBR9.

Aston martin and sports events.

　　2008 is the year of brand promotion in China, aston martin. In March, 2008, the aston martin Asian Cup kicked off in Beijing, which was the first single-brand competition held by an automobile manufacturer. According to reports, the race has been held for three times, and the fifth stop will be held as an auxiliary F1 race in October, when aston martin N24 will continue to dazzle the track.

　　There will be seven races in aston martin Asian Cup, in which N24 is driven by V8 engine with 4.3 liters and 410 horsepower. In the first year, each of the seven sub-stations has one or two races, including sprint and endurance races. This unique single-brand competition adopts different modes, bringing the most exciting fierce fighting scenes to the audience.

● aston martin media website opened.

　　At the press conference, aston martin (China) announced that the Chinese website for media reporters (press.astonmartin-china.com) had been launched on the same day. Media reporters can register themselves through this website, and easily get relevant information including aston martin products, marketing activities, corporate brand culture, etc. This is another important public relations measure after the opening of aston martin Brand Chinese website (www.astonmartin-china.com).

Many people laugh at the fact that cars are farting by taking off their pants. Obviously, there is an internal combustion engine available. Why not directly drive the car, but also convert it into electricity, and then let the motor drive the car? This is not what farting is.

I thought they were just spraying. But it was later discovered that cars do have various problems. Originally, it was to solve the problem of endurance, but later it was found that the biggest problem of a car was not endurance at all, but something else. Why do you say that?

First of all, cars rely too much on household charging piles. It can be said that if you have a household charging pile at home, it must be a good enjoyment to own a car, but if not, charging every day will make you feel broken.

There is an obvious problem. Its pure electric cruising range is not as high as that of a pure electric vehicle, so you don’t have to consider the problem of fast charging from the initial stage of design. You only need to charge slowly, and you can fully charge it in one night.

But the problem is, when you really have it, you will find that if you drive by electricity alone, the price is really too cheap. But once the car has no electricity and has to run on oil, you will feel very unhappy. Why use expensive oil when there is cheap electricity? So you have to do everything you can to recharge.

The last situation is that you have to go outside to charge the charging pile every few days, so the pleasure of using the car will soon disappear and people will become slaves of the car.

Also, the car’s power loss experience is really bad. If you drive in pure electric mode, you will feel too comfortable, the vehicle is extremely quiet and the acceleration is very fast. But once you enter the state of running without electricity, the situation becomes completely wrong.

Especially when you go uphill, you can obviously feel the lack of motivation, giving people the feeling that you have no strength to drag your feet. The third aunt on the road is slow enough. It is estimated that it is not as fast as the third aunt on the road when going uphill.

Once the range extender is involved, you will feel obvious vibration and noise, and the driving comfort will be out of the question. The gap between this experience and pure electric driving is too big, which will give people a very obvious psychological gap.

Finally, the charging speed is too slow. If you just run in the city and have a charging pile at home, it’s a big deal to sleep and unplug it the next morning, but what should you do if you travel for a long time?

If you want to charge, you have to endure an hour or more of charging time, which is simply unacceptable to most people. But if you want to refuel, think about how high the oil price is now. You can obviously use electricity. Are you willing to refuel? This will make you feel very entangled.

I believe that many people who have bought models have similar puzzles. As for how to solve this problem, I am afraid that we can only wait for solid-state batteries to really appear. At least after the appearance of solid-semi-solid batteries, this problem will be solved to some extent.

　　Ram Rebel, as a representative of its series of off-road products, has been selling well overseas, with strong overall design, strong off-road performance and full high-strength off-road configuration. The target model is Toyota and the tremor version with optional off-road bags.

　　Tianjin Xiangruitong Automobile Trading Co., Ltd. specializes in American pickup trucks of various brands, and provides one-stop services such as overseas procurement, domestic retail, customized modification, etc. The whole process is handled transparently without any hidden additional fees.

　　Service hotline: 13034318716 Manager Ju (same as WeChat)

　　The design of the interior is very family-oriented, and the layout of various function buttons is exactly the same as that of the same brand’s horn and sports version. The electronic knob handle and the 12-storage vertical screen navigation screen are very scientific and technological.

　　Many card friends are unfamiliar with rebels. In fact, it is not a new model. It was introduced in China as early as 2017. Later, we stopped introducing it for various reasons. At present, the new model has arrived in the store. The rebel’s appearance is very domineering, and the huge logo shows its powerful performance. The design concept of Tyrannosaurus Rex is derived from it. The steel front sand guard and the 18-inch off-road wheel with the original off-road tires everywhere remind us that it was born for off-road.

　　At present, many design elements of the ceiling of American pickup trucks are from rebels. The price of more than 500 thousand is tens of thousands higher than that of the same configuration of smooth road province, and everyone thinks it is worth it.

　　Company name: Tianjin Xiangruitong Automobile Trading Co., Ltd.

　　Company Address: Floor 2, Pacific International Automobile City, Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone

　　Hotline: 13034318716 Manager Ju and WeChat

　　Disclaimer: The above car purchase preferential information is provided by the comprehensive dealers of this website, and the price fluctuates greatly due to market factors, which is only for car purchase reference; The distributor is responsible for its authenticity, accuracy and legality, and this website does not provide any guarantee or assume any legal responsibility.

Historical photo taken more than 100 years ago: Emperor Guangxu (middle)

Guangxu statue

　　The mystery of Guangxu’s death with different opinions finally came to a scientific conclusion on the occasion of the centenary anniversary of the poor emperor’s death-Guangxu died of arsenic poisoning. Tomorrow morning, the National Compilation Committee of Qing History Project will hold a "Report on the Death of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty" in Beijing, and publish a 10,000-word report detected by modern criminal investigation and high-tech means. The 20 episodes of large-scale TV documentaries, which fully record the process of solving this century-old mystery, have also entered post-production in CCTV.

　　The dead emperor was only 37 years old.

　　On the evening of November 14th, 1908, Emperor Guangxu died. The next afternoon, Empress Dowager Cixi also died. Guangxu, 37, died in front of Cixi, 74, and only one day later, causing many speculations. Some people think that Cixi did not want Guangxu to regain power after her death, and sent someone to poison Guangxu. Some people say that Yuan Shikai betrayed Guangxu during the Reform Movement of 1898, fearing that Cixi would be retaliated by Guangxu after her death, so he bribed eunuchs and poisoned them. Li Lianying, the eunuch, was also said to have poisoned him, because he learned in Guangxu’s diary that after the death of Cixi, Yuan Shikai and he would be punished. However, some people think that Guangxu died of physical weakness.

　　The cause of death is inconclusive for a hundred years.

　　In the past 100 years, there have been numerous papers on Guangxu’s death, but no academic conclusion has been reached. In 2003, Zhong Liman, the director of CCTV documentary, occasionally learned that in 1980, the cultural relics management office of Qing Xiling had cleaned and re-closed the coffins of Guangxu and Longyu (stolen in the late 1930s), and their hair was moved outside the coffins and kept in the warehouse of Qing Xiling. So Zhong Liman began the process of testing research and filming TV documentaries for five years.

　　Criminal investigation high-tech detection

　　The "Report on the Death of Guangxu", which will be released completely for the first time tomorrow, will also be signed by the Cultural Relics Management Office of Qing Xiling, the Research and Design Institute of Reactor Engineering of China Institute of Atomic Energy and the Forensic Identification Center of Beijing Public Security Bureau. They successively extracted two strands of Guangxu’s hair, which were 26 cm and 65 cm long respectively, washed them, dried them, cut them into 1 cm long sections, numbered them one by one, weighed them and packaged them, and then detected the element content in Guangxu’s hair by nuclear analysis method.

　　The results showed that Guangxu’s hair contained high concentrations of elemental arsenic, and the contents of different sections were very different. The peak value of arsenic in the first hair appeared in the 10th section (2404 μ g/g), and the peak value of arsenic in the second hair appeared in the 26th section (362.7 μ g/g) and 45th section (202.1 μ g/g). At the same time, the arsenic content in hair tested by comparison is 0.14 to 0.59 μ g/g for contemporary people, 9.20 μ g/g for the Queen Longyu who was buried with Guangxu at the same time, and 18.2 μ g/g for the hair of a forage official in the late Qing Dynasty.

　　The poisoning forensic doctor has a conclusion

　　Later, according to the standard requirements and methods of forensic examination, they took samples of Guangxu’s remains and clothes for testing. As a result, the arsenic content in the scapula, spine and the stomach area, frenum and collar and shoulder of each piece of clothing was very high. The arsenic content of inner clothing is much higher than that of outer clothing. Then, the comparative experiments were carried out on the objects in Guangxu’s coffin and tomb and the soil and water in the mausoleum. The results showed that the high concentration of arsenic in Guangxu’s hair did not come from environmental pollution. Finally, they came to the conclusion that the high content of arsenic in Guangxu’s hair was not produced by natural metabolism of chronic poisoning, but from external contamination; A large number of arsenic compounds once remained in the stomach and abdomen of Guangxu’s corpse, and the decay process of the corpse was redistributed, eroding the remains, hair and clothes. And arsenic compounds are also highly toxic arsenic.

　　After scientific calculation, the total amount of arsenic ingested by Guangxu was obviously greater than the lethal dose.

　　The murderer has yet to be studied.

　　While testing, Zhong Li searched the archives of the late Qing Dynasty, medical records of Guangxu, personal memoirs of imperial doctors who participated in the diagnosis and treatment before Guangxu’s death, diaries of military ministers and Juzhu officials, sorted out the situation 10 days before Guangxu’s death, and combined with the discussion of arsenic poisoning by modern forensic doctors, discussed the types of arsenic poisoning in Guangxu, as well as the lower and upper limits of poisoning time.

　　This project, which was completed by non-Qing scholars, has been attached great importance to by the National Qing History Compilation Project, and has been included in the "Special Project on Major Academic Issues" of this project. Perhaps, the 20-episode documentary "The Death of Guangxu" will also be included in China’s official history "The History of Qing Dynasty". The research group also wrote a monograph on the research and test of Guangxu’s death, which will be published soon.

　　But who poisoned Guangxu? This remains to be further studied or discovered by historians.

　　Reporter Yang Liqiong in Beijing (Beijing, Today)

Editor: Tang Liang

Black and red are also red! Two things happened recently, which made the car "red".

This car company with bleak sales volume is caught in a rumor that "employees are fired for buying Xiaomi cars". The incident became more and more serious, and everyone sneered at its practice. Extreme Yue Automobile issued a statement saying that employees were not fired for buying a certain car, but engaged in behaviors unrelated to company affairs during working hours, which were obviously contrary to their job responsibilities and professional ethics.

Another thing happened in the live broadcast a few days ago.

In recent years, Robin Li, CEO of Baidu, who rarely appeared in public, came to build momentum for the live broadcast of the ultra-Vietnamese car. However, in the warm-up session of the live broadcast, when Xia Yiping demonstrated the voice driving door, he repeatedly called SIMO voice assistant, but there was no response.

It was Xia Yiping who made a fool of himself, and even more embarrassing was Li Yanhong &hellip who came to the platform specially for him; …

This time, Li Yanhong personally came forward to broadcast live as his platform, hoping to attract a wave of brand attention. He also announced that the loss of money and welfare, the ultra-01 high-level intelligent driving time limit is free for life. But in the highly competitive new energy vehicle market, can Extreme Yue still turn over?

A "poor student" born with a golden key

Extreme Yue 01 was officially released in October 2023, and it is also the first mass production product of Extreme Yue Automobile. Extreme Yue 01 locates medium and large SUV, with two models, namely Extreme Yue 01 Max and Extreme Yue 01 Max Performance, and the price is 249,900-339,900 yuan.

It can be said that the car was born with a golden key.

In manufacturing, there is a lucky blessing. For example, Extreme Yue 01 is based on the vast architecture of Geely SEA, which is the same as Geely’s high-end new energy brand Extreme Krypton; This product is produced in Geely Hangzhou Bay Smart Factory, which claims to be a benchmark factory that fully introduces intelligent and digital technology. In terms of intelligent technology, Extreme Yue 01 also has the empowerment of Baidu. For example, in the intelligent cockpit, it is claimed that the localization of voice AI algorithm can be realized, and SIMO car voice assistant can cover scenes such as inside and outside the car, four-way simultaneous speaking and continuous dialogue.

However, what is embarrassing is that the sales volume of the ultra-car is really bleak compared with the aura of resource blessing of the two star shareholders.

According to the official, after 24 hours of listing, the order volume of Extreme Yue 01 reached 15,000, but the actual sales volume did not meet expectations. According to the data of the Federation, in December 2023 and January 2024, Extreme Yue 01 achieved sales of 774 vehicles and 218 vehicles respectively.

Although the official of Extreme Vietnam has not announced the specific sales volume, its recent internal trends have confirmed the poor sales volume.

Recently, according to media reports, Extreme Yue Automobile is reforming its marketing end and sales end. Yang Zhen, the head of UD- user development department at the marketing end, and several directors and other executive layers have "dismissed classes". At present, CEO Xia Yiping is personally in charge of the department. The head of the UO- user operation department at the sales end was also changed from Luo Gangdai, the former head of operation, to Andy.Gao from Tesla. Since the end of March, there has been intensive personnel flow in UD and UO.

On the recent Extreme Yue AI DAY, Xia Yiping also admitted that the poor sales of Extreme Yue 01 made some mistakes, and Extreme Yue was undergoing organizational changes and adjustment of sales methods.

Can Li Yanhong Drive Sales?

Zhang Xiaorong, president of the Institute of Deep Science and Technology, told Sina Technology that the reason why the sales volume of the ultra-Vietnamese car can’t get up is the brand awareness. As a new brand, the popularity of ultra-yue automobile is low in the market, and consumers lack understanding and cognition about it, which has a certain impact on its sales.

In fact, the brand of Extreme Yue Automobile has undergone a great renaming, which is an important reason for its low brand awareness.

In January 2021, Baidu and Geely jointly established a car-making project, originally named Jidu Automobile, which was also the predecessor of Jiyue Automobile. For a long time, the project was promoted by the brand of Jidu Automobile. For example, the first brand launch conference was held in June 2022, and its first car robot concept car ROBO-01； was officially released. In October 2022, the first limited edition of ROBO-01 lunar exploration robot was released, with a price of 399,800 yuan.

However, just as its first product was facing production delivery, it encountered the problem of production qualification. During the 2023 Shanghai Auto Show, it was reported that Jidu was unable to participate in the Shanghai Auto Show due to lack of car-making qualification. At that time, Jiji responded that the news was completely untrue. Jiji strictly abided by the relevant rules and regulations of the industry from the beginning of its establishment, and the related work of applying for qualifications was progressing in an orderly manner.

Finally, in August, 2023, the first model of the original Jidu automobile "Jidu ROBO-01" was renamed as "Jiyue 01" and entered the latest batch of automobile new products public announcement of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, which means that Yue01 has obtained the qualification for marketing. Although the qualification problem has been solved, the ultra-yue automobile has also replaced the original Jidu automobile to the front desk, which has made the joint car brand, whose popularity has not yet been opened, worse.

In addition, Zhang Xiaorong believes that despite the resources of Baidu and Geely, its marketing strategy may not be accurate enough to effectively attract enough consumers. At present, the domestic automobile market is becoming increasingly fierce, and many traditional automobile enterprises and emerging new forces are actively laying out the intelligent automobile market, which is facing greater competitive pressure.

Xia Yiping may also be aware of this problem. On April 15th, he invited Li Yanhong, founder, chairman and CEO of Baidu, to broadcast live in the same box, hoping to attract a wave of traffic for the car company CEO.

Intelligent "far ahead"

In the live broadcast, Xia Yiping also talked about the recent hot Xiaomi SU7. He said that the first model is different, the Extreme Yue 01 is an SUV, and the Xiaomi SU7 is a sports car; The target audience is also different. Xiaomi SU7 pays more attention to enthusiasts who like to control. In addition, he also said that there will be more room for the ultra-01, and it is also far ahead in the industry in terms of intelligence, such as voice and intelligent driving.

However, is the intelligence of Extreme Yue really far ahead as Xia Yiping said?

Before Li Yanhong entered the live broadcast room, Xia Yiping had a conversation with the modified car master Liu Liu. But what is embarrassing is that when Xia Yiping demonstrated the voice driving door, he repeatedly called SIMO voice assistant but didn’t respond. Xia Yiping said it might be the key in the car. Previously, Extreme Vietnam announced that Extreme Vietnam 01 supports voice interaction outside the car, and can also control doors and windows by voice outside the car. The live broadcast of the rollover undoubtedly made the outside world once again put a question mark on its product strength.

In addition, when new energy vehicles are involuted, intelligence has almost become a standard, and it is extremely difficult to say that it can be differentiated by intelligent labels.

For example, Tucki has always focused on the smart driving label. He Xiaopeng, chairman and CEO of Xpeng Motors, recently announced that Xpeng Motors will soon launch 100,000-150,000 A-class cars, and at the same time, it will drive high-grade smart cars in Tucki, and even bring unmanned driving in the future; For example, Huawei, its smart car brands, such as the world, the intellectual world, etc., HarmonyOS cockpit and smart driving have become the main labels; Another example is Xiaomi, which also emphasizes intelligence. Not only does the OS get on the bus, but Lei Jun also released the goal of entering the first camp of the smart driving industry this year.

In terms of intelligence, compared with these brands, it is difficult to say that the ultra-yue automobile has great advantages in terms of technical level and user awareness.

Under the fierce competition, the ultra-Vietnamese car had to worry.

In November 2023, that is, the Extreme Yue 01 just went on the market for more than a month, the Extreme Yue Automobile announced that the price of its first model, the Extreme Yue 01, was lowered by 30,000 yuan; In the live broadcast on April 15th, Li Yanhong and Xia Yiping jointly announced the launch of a new preferential car purchase policy — — Advanced intelligent driving is free for life in a limited time.

Xia Yiping said in the live broadcast that the more you buy, the more you send the driver; Li Yanhong emphasized that it was free for a limited time and joked: "Don’t lose too much money for me."

Li Yanhong personally stood on the platform. If the sales volume doesn’t go up any more, the situation facing the ultra-Vietnamese car will undoubtedly be even more embarrassing.

Article source: Sina Technology

　

CCTV News:The reporter learned from The Export-Import Bank of China on July 24th that in the first half of this year, the Export-Import Bank played the role of policy-based finance as a short-board and inter-cycle adjustment, and continued to increase the supply of funds in the foreign trade field. In the first half of this year, the accumulated foreign trade industrial loans exceeded 900 billion yuan.

According to reports, in the first half of this year, the Export-Import Bank successively introduced a number of bail-out measures, continuously increased the supply of funds in the foreign trade field, reduced fees to benefit foreign trade enterprises seriously affected by the epidemic, gave SMEs deferred payment and non-repayment of loans, and innovatively designed a comprehensive product package to serve the development of new foreign trade formats and new models, constantly stimulating the vitality of market players and promoting the high-quality development of foreign trade.

By the end of June, the balance of foreign trade industrial loans of the Export-Import Bank was 2.68 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 19%. In the first half of the year, foreign trade industrial loans totaled 920 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22%.

In addition, by the end of June, the balance of local and foreign currency loans of the Export-Import Bank was nearly 5 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of over 10%. In the first half of the year, loans totaled 1.25 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 14%.

　　You can fall asleep anytime and anywhere, and I’m afraid it will be regarded as "Versailles" by many insomnia patients. But who can understand the troubles of particularly "sleepy" households? Being unnoticed, drowsiness can often delay treatment for 20 or 20 years. September 22nd is the World Narcolepsy Day. Today, the doctor will introduce you to this kind of "sleeping sickness" with 700,000 patients in China.

　　Symptoms vary in severity.

　　This disease harms teenagers.

　　A student who has just entered junior high school goes to sleep as soon as he attends class, falls down when he smiles, and his academic performance drops. Is it laziness or illness … …

　　A strong young man nodded his head frequently while driving, which almost caused a car accident … …

　　A middle-aged uncle was chatting with others when he suddenly became inarticulate, sleepy and even snored … …

　　What are these embarrassing situations? In fact, the culprit that plagues these people is a rare chronic sleep disorder disease called narcolepsy. The incidence of this disease is very low, with only one in every 2,000 people. There are about 3 million narcolepsy patients in the world, and there are about 700,000 narcolepsy patients in China, accounting for a quarter of the world.

　　Every narcolepsy has different manifestations. Some patients have mild clinical manifestations, and only those who are slightly sleepy during the day can be improved by taking a nap. These patients often do not go to see a doctor. Some patients have severe symptoms, which will seriously affect all aspects of life and study.

　　The peak age of narcolepsy is 8 to 15 years old, and about two-thirds of patients will get sick at the age of 7. The second peak onset age is about 40 years old. The youngest onset age can be 3 years old, and the oldest onset age can be 70 years old. Due to the low incidence of narcolepsy, the difference of clinical symptoms, and the public’s general lack of understanding of the disease, many patients who developed narcolepsy in childhood and adolescence were not diagnosed and treated in time. According to foreign research reports, the average delay from onset to diagnosis of narcolepsy was 8 to 22 years. For children and adolescents, this age is a critical period for studying and personality development. If it is not diagnosed and treated in time, it will have a great impact on patients’ lives.

　　Five core symptoms

　　Suggest that sleepiness is "not simple"

　　Narcolepsy was first reported by French doctors in 1880. With the deepening of understanding of the disease, people finally summed up the five core symptoms of narcolepsy, also known as "five signs".

　　Excessive daytime sleepiness is the most common symptom of narcolepsy, which occurs in almost 100% of patients. It is manifested as an irresistible sudden sleep attack, which may sometimes occur when walking, eating or talking, and is more likely to occur when external stimuli are reduced, such as watching TV, reading books or meeting. If you sleep at this time, you will often feel refreshed, but the recovery time of energy is often short.

　　Cataplexy refers to the weakness after laughing or intense emotional stimulation, which makes the patient forced to fall or sit down. This is caused by partial or complete loss of muscle tension in both limbs. Although the duration is short, the patient is at risk of falling when he attacks. The symptoms of cataplexy in children are often atypical, often manifested as bow, tongue sticking out, abnormal facial expression and other symptoms. The time of weakness often ranges from a few seconds to several minutes.

　　Sleep hallucination usually means seeing the shadow of a familiar person, hearing a familiar voice, or feeling touched. This experience is often very real, and it often makes people unable to distinguish between dreams and reality. Most of them occur when they are just about to fall asleep or wake up from sleep, or during a nap.

　　Sleep paralysis patients wake up from sleep as if their bodies are pinned down and unable to move, which is commonly known as "ghost bed". During the attack, the patient is conscious and can perceive the things around him, but he can’t move or talk. He needs someone to push him and soon returns to normal. This situation will last for several seconds to several minutes, and you will feel scared when you first get sick. Although normal people will also have a "ghost bed", patients with narcolepsy appear very frequently.

　　Sleep disorder at night is also one of the chief complaints of patients when they see a doctor. The main manifestations are restless sleep, dreaminess and difficulty in falling asleep after waking up. In addition, there may be periodic limb movements and abnormal behavior during REM sleep.

　　In addition, many patients with narcolepsy will also have other clinical manifestations such as weight gain, precocious puberty, mental disorder and cognitive impairment.

　　Come and answer the question

　　It is recommended to see a doctor if you exceed 10 points.

　　If the above symptoms appear, a small questionnaire can be used to test it. Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a commonly used clinical survey scale, which allows subjects to evaluate their desire to "doze off" in different environments. The total score is 24, and if it is greater than 10, it is drowsiness.

　　According to your situation in the past month, please check the most suitable situation from each question. The scoring criteria are: no or little drowsiness 0, occasional drowsiness 1, frequent drowsiness 2, and drowsiness 3 most or all of the time.

　　1. When sitting reading books and periodicals (in class);

　　2. When watching TV (computer);

　　3. When sitting still in public places;

　　4. Traveling by car lasts for one hour without rest;

　　5. When conditions permit, lie down and rest in the afternoon;

　　6. When sitting and talking to people;

　　7. Don’t drink at lunch and sit quietly after dinner;

　　8. In case of traffic jam, stop within a few minutes.

　　It is suggested that the subjects with a score greater than 10 should go to the sleep specialist in the hospital or the sleep specialist in the department of neurology in time to receive standardized standard polysomnography and multiple snooze latency tests. For accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis, some patients need to undergo a series of examinations for the first time, including brain magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, detection of orexin in cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture and detection of narcolepsy-related susceptibility genes. These examinations can help improve the accuracy of narcolepsy diagnosis.

　　At present, multiple snooze latency tests and cerebrospinal fluid orexin detection are still recognized as important diagnostic methods for narcolepsy.

　　In addition to taking medicine to drive away the "sleeping god"

　　It is important to adjust living habits.

　　There is no treatment for narcolepsy, and all the treatments are mainly aimed at the core aspects that narcolepsy has the greatest impact on life. The treatment methods include drug treatment and non-drug treatment.

　　Drug therapy is mainly divided into two categories: one is the drugs for treating daytime sleepiness, mainly the drugs for boosting spirits, such as modafinil, tirol, methylphenidate, etc., and some new awakening drugs approved by FDA; The other is drugs for treating cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hallucinations before falling asleep, mainly including venlafaxine, clomipramine and other antidepressants. This requires medication under the guidance of a sleep expert and regular follow-up visits.

　　The positive psychology of patients with non-drug treatment plays a vital role in the cooperation of treatment. What should be done specifically? First of all, we can start with simple changes in daily life habits, such as ensuring adequate sleep at night, arranging regular naps to reduce daytime sleepiness, abstaining from alcohol and smoking, and avoiding excessive eating of high-carbohydrate foods; Avoid driving, working at high altitude and underwater; Keep an optimistic attitude, and seek psychological help or treatment in time when there is inferiority or depression; Don’t get too excited, so as to avoid cataplexy. For adolescent patients, parents and teachers should realize that daytime sleepiness and drowsiness are symptoms of diseases and understand them, so as to assist adolescent patients in psychological construction and long-term disease management. At the same time, patients should go to a regular sleep clinic to receive medication.

　　At present, great progress has been made in the treatment of narcolepsy, and genes, stem cell therapy and orexin agonists are still under experimental study. I believe that more drugs will be put into clinical use in the near future, thus benefiting narcolepsy patients, driving away the sleeping devil and making them regain their energetic day.

　　Text/Zhan Shuqin (xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University)