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　　Cctv newsRecently, Shenzhen Real Estate Agency Association issued the "Solemn Tips on Prohibiting Participation/Assistance in" Negative Down Payment on Buying a House "and" Zero Down Payment ". The main contents are as follows:

　　Recently, some media reported the news about "buying a house with a down payment", which reflected the illegal behavior of inducing buyers to buy a house in the form of "down payment by stages" and "decoration loan" in Shenzhen.

　　"Negative down payment for buying a house" has violated the relevant national financial and credit policies. In 2017, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Central Bank and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission jointly issued the Notice on Standardizing Housing Financing and Strengthening Anti-money Laundering, prohibiting real estate development enterprises and real estate intermediaries from illegally providing housing down payment financing, down payment installment and disguised down payment advance. All real estate agencies and employees should strictly abide by the national positioning of "staying in houses and not speculating", and strictly manage the corresponding internal business, and should carry out self-examination and self-correction from now on. It is forbidden to participate in/assist such housing publicity and sales agency behavior with the gimmick of "negative down payment" or down payment by stages in any form.

　　If any real estate agency or employee in Shenzhen is found to have illegal sales promotion or to provide consultation and assistance for consumers to purchase loans in violation of regulations, Shenzhen Real Estate Agency Association will immediately report it to the administrative department for investigation and punishment according to laws and regulations. At the same time, Shenzhen Real Estate Agency Association will also carry out self-discipline punishment according to the Code of Practice for Real Estate Agency Industry in Shenzhen, etc. In serious cases, it will be included in the industry blacklist according to the Measures for the Implementation of the Blacklist of Real Estate Agency Industry and the List of Enterprise Risk Warning Personnel in Shenzhen, and the society will be informed accordingly.

　　On August 31st, Hebei University of Science and Technology released the "Investigation and Processing Results of Han Chunyu Team’s Withdrawal Papers" (hereinafter referred to as "Investigation and Processing Results") in a low-key way, trying to end the question about whether Han Chunyu had made a fraud for more than two years with a conclusion of less than 600 words.

　　What is the conclusion of the Han Chunyu incident? This is still an "unsolved case" at present, and Hebei University of Science and Technology has not clearly determined whether Han Chunyu is "academic misconduct" in its conclusion. In contrast, another university, Wuhan University, directly thought that Li Hongliang "had no academic fraud" when it was reported to the Li Hongliang team of the university on January 29th. Nevertheless, the academic fraud in Li Hongliang is still controversial.

　　The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) found in the investigation that whether Han Chunyu was "academic misconduct" was not clearly determined by the school, but the related "termination or revocation of relevant scientific research projects, revocation of academic awards and honorary titles" was actually one of the treatments for those responsible for academic misconduct in accordance with Chapter V of the Measures for Preventing and Handling Academic Misconduct in Colleges and Universities.

　　The Paper tried to get detailed information about the investigation from Hebei University of Science and Technology, the subject of the investigation, but Hu Yongqi, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of Hebei University of Science and Technology and director of the Academic Committee, and the secretariat of the Academic Committee refused to answer the phone many times. In addition, the official website of Hebei University of Science and Technology has completely cleared the list of members of the academic committee of the school, and the relevant web pages only keep the title without the list content.

　　In view of the fact that Han Chunyu’s retracted paper "NgAgo-gDNA-oriented Gene Editing Technology" in the top international academic journal "Nature Biotechnology" caused a great sensation in the hot field of gene editing, and hundreds of laboratories took time, effort and money to verify it under the circumstance that Han Chunyu repeatedly emphasized "repeatability". In fact, "Investigation and Processing Results" is no longer only related to the interests and reputation of Han Chunyu and the school itself.

　　"Personally, I think the purpose of the investigation is just to find a way to cope with the past. Experimental errors can be subjective and objective, but fraud is fraud, and there is no subjective and objective distinction." A professor of Zhejiang University whose research interests include the improvement and application of CRISPR gene editing technology said this in an interview with The Paper (www.thepaper.cn). This is also the general view of the current academic circles on the Han Chunyu incident.

　　In addition, a researcher who participated in the real name query in October and November, 2016 and jointly wrote the article "Questions about NgAgo" ("Questions about NgAgo") recently revealed to The Paper that the National Natural Science Foundation of China specially organized experts to hold a hearing, and Han Chunyu attended the hearing. However, this hearing was not widely publicized in academic circles. The Paper contacted relevant experts by email, but he didn’t get a reply.

　　At present, the handling of Han Chunyu has made the outside world feel that Han Chunyu himself has just returned to the state before the publication of the paper, "unscathed". Some insiders told The Paper, "If it is academic fraud, then this kind of treatment is obviously unreasonable. If it is not academic fraud, it is good news for Han Chunyu and the school, and there is no reason not to announce it."

　　The investigation process was not open, and the school refused to talk.

　　According to the Measures for Preventing and Handling Academic Misconduct in Colleges and Universities, colleges and universities are the main body of preventing and handling academic misconduct. According to the Regulations of Academic Committees in Colleges and Universities, colleges and universities should set up academic committees according to law, with the academic committees as the highest academic institutions in the school, and exercise the functions of decision-making, deliberation, evaluation and consultation on academic affairs as a whole.

　　Official website of Hebei University of Science and Technology shows that the Academic Committee of Hebei University of Science and Technology is the highest academic institution in the school. "Under the framework of the articles of association of the Academic Committee of the school, we will exercise the powers of decision-making, deliberation, evaluation and consultation of academic affairs in our school, stick to academic professional judgment and abide by academic ethics."

　　According to The Paper (www.thepaper.cn), the director of the Academic Committee of Hebei University of Science and Technology is Hu Yongqi, a member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of Hebei University. This position is nominated by the president and elected by all members. The academic committee of Hebei University of Science and Technology is appointed by the president.

　　According to the website of the Institute of Technology of the Independent College of Hebei University of Science and Technology, Hu Yongqi graduated from the Department of Chemical Engineering of Hebei Institute of Chemical Technology in July 1983. After graduation, he stayed as an ideological and political work counselor and later became a classroom teacher. In June 1988, he obtained a master’s degree in chemical engineering from Beijing Institute of Chemical Technology, and a doctor’s degree in chemical engineering from Tsinghua University in June 1998. In October 1998, he went to the Department of Energy Science and Engineering of Nagoya University to do postdoctoral research.

　　In 2002, Hu Yongqi entered Hebei University of Science and Technology, and served as Dean of the School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering and Dean of the Graduate School of Hebei University of Science and Technology. In scientific research, Hu Yongqi’s main research field is catalytic reaction process and technology.

　　A source told The Paper that in addition to the establishment of an investigation team by the academic Committee of the school, "Hu Yongqi is also responsible for organizing third-party investigations." However, in the conclusion issued by the school, the number and composition of the investigation team of the academic Committee, the third party and other basic details that are usually announced in the processing results are currently unknown.

　　In an attempt to restore the investigation process, The Paper contacted Hu Yongqi several times on September 5, but the other party did not answer. Also refusing to answer is the contact information of the academic committee secretariat provided by official website of Hebei University of Science and Technology.

　　It is worth noting that when The Paper inquired about the list of members of the Academic Committee in official website, Hebei University of Science and Technology, the page under this heading did not exist, but was blank.

　　In addition, when comparing the Regulations of Academic Committee of Colleges and Universities (Order No.35 of the Ministry of Education of People’s Republic of China (PRC)) with the Articles of Association of Academic Committee of Hebei University of Science and Technology, The Paper noticed that in the chapter of operation system, the Articles of Association of Academic Committee of Hebei University of Science and Technology stipulates that "whenever the contents that need to be kept confidential are determined at the academic Committee meeting of the school, members must keep them confidential and implement and maintain the results of deliberation or evaluation of the academic Committee." However, there is no such provision in the Regulations of Academic Committees of Colleges and Universities.

　　At the same time, the operating system chapters of the above two documents all stipulate that "the decisions made by academic committees should be publicized and an objection period should be set. If there is any objection during the objection period, with the consent of more than 1/3 members, a plenary meeting may be held for reconsideration. The decision adopted after reconsideration is final. "

　　However, the decision made by Hebei University of Science and Technology on the Han Chunyu incident was obviously not made public in official website. According to the person in the school contacted by The Paper, "I have not seen any publicity on this matter in the school". In the Measures for Preventing and Handling Academic Misconduct in Colleges and Universities (Order No.40 of the Ministry of Education of People’s Republic of China (PRC)), it is also stipulated that if there is a clear whistleblower, the handling result must also be delivered to the whistleblower, and a 10-day objection or appeal period will be reserved.

　　Raw data required to be disclosed.

　　According to the Measures for Preventing and Handling Academic Misconduct in Colleges and Universities, the investigation team should form an investigation report on the basis of finding out the facts. The investigation report shall include the confirmation of the person responsible for academic misconduct, the investigation process, the fact finding and reasons, the investigation conclusion, etc.

　　At present, the "Investigation and Processing Results" given by Hebei University of Science and Technology, which is less than 600 words, obviously lacks many elements compared with the requirements of the above investigation report.

　　As can be seen from the published conclusions, the investigation team said that it had carefully checked "all the original experimental data" involved in the paper. In fact, these raw data have been emphasized by scientists who questioned NgAgo technology.

　　As early as July 21st, 2016, Gaetan Burgio, a geneticist at the Australian National University, posted a long article "My NgAgo Experience" on Twitter, asking Han Chunyu to disclose all raw data and experimental conditions.

　　On October 10th, 2016, 13 China biologists, including Professor Wei Wensheng of Peking University College of Life Sciences, jointly voiced in the media. They could not repeat the experimental results, and unanimously expressed their hope that Han Chunyu would disclose all the original data. Han Chunyu’s Hebei University of Science and Technology and other relevant units (such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China) started academic investigation.

　　However, Han Chunyu never released the original data, insisting at that time that "it will be used and will be responded through academic journals".

　　In addition to the original data, the "repeatability" that the outside world is most concerned about only refers to entrusting a third party to carry out repeated verification tests, and the results of verification tests are not clearly explained. The wording used in the conclusion is, "I think that the papers that have been withdrawn have no basis for re-publication, and no subjective fraud has been found by the Han Chunyu team".

　　So, what is "no longer has the basis for republication"? What is "subjective fraud"? There is no subjective fraud. What’s wrong with the team?

　　"The conclusion of the investigation did not explain at all which link, which step and when it was wrong. What Han said could be repeated before was what was repeated. These were not mentioned. This is not a survey." The aforementioned Zhejiang University professor bluntly said.

　　Another academic told The Paper that as a scientific research unit, the conclusion made by Hebei University of Science and Technology is "too imprecise". "You just say a conclusion that there is no subjective fraud, so the specious conclusion is very unscientific." Referring to the investigation and handling of similar international cases of academic fraud, the scientific approach is to describe the investigation process and make the final determination one by one according to the doubts of peers.

　　In fact, in addition to the conclusion that it is still foggy to the outside world, another version has been circulated inside the school before. A person from Hebei University of Science and Technology who is close to Han Chunyu’s team revealed to The Paper (www.thepaper.cn), "The conclusions passed between teachers before are not quite the same as those coming out now. It was said before that it could be made, but the efficiency was very low." The person also mentioned, "The investigation has already reached a conclusion, not recently."

　　However, the above statement cannot be confirmed by Hu Yongqi or the secretariat of the academic Committee at present.

　　Not only did this treatment make the outside world unconvinced, but also some practices or promises made by Han Chunyu and Hebei University of Science and Technology made the outside world wait for nothing again and again.

　　As for NgAgo’s work efficiency, when Han Chunyu gave a report to Zhejiang University, where Shen Xiao, the co-author of the paper, was located, he quipped, "In our laboratory, the success rate is over 90%, even if there is one plate of pollution in ten plates, because we have smog there.".

　　During the short period of less than 4 months from June 22, 2016 to October 14, 2016, the number of laboratories that Han Chunyu claimed to be able to successfully repeat its experiments was gradually reduced from 20 to 1. Even if there is only one laboratory, it has not been publicly claimed. Han Chunyu has refused to disclose it on the grounds that he does not want the other party to be harassed.

　　According to a report by Xinhuanet in August, 2016, Hebei University of Science and Technology said that in about one month’s time, Han Chunyu will take appropriate forms to publicly verify the results, and an authoritative third party will testify.

　　However, the school has not fulfilled its promise at that time.

　　The National Natural Science Foundation of China held a hearing and Han Chunyu attended.

　　In addition to the investigation organized by the academic committee of the school, Han Chunyu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for the project he applied for after the publication of the paper, and also participated in the hearing and defense of the National Natural Science Foundation.

　　A researcher who participated in the real-name query in October and November of 2016 and jointly wrote the article "Questions about NgAgo" ("Questions about NgAgo") recently told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn), "Before the National Natural Science Foundation of China specially organized experts to hold a hearing, Han Chunyu participated in the defense."

　　In September 2016, official website of the National Natural Science Foundation of China showed that the project "The Improvement and Application of NgAgo-gDNA Gene Editing Technology" with Han Chunyu as the project leader was approved for 1 million yuan, and the project started from January 2017 to December 2018.

　　Based on the fact that the above-mentioned project was approved after Han Chunyu’s paper, the authenticity of NgAgo-gDNA gene editing technology invented by him before is directly linked to whether this funding is established. The Measures for the Prevention and Handling of Academic Misconduct in Colleges and Universities clearly stipulates that the situation that should be considered as academic misconduct includes "providing false academic information in the process of reporting topics, achievements, awards and job evaluation".

　　In addition, it may be related to another grant involved in Han Chunyu’s retracted paper. It is mentioned in the paper "Thanks" that this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation with the number of "31270950". The name of the project is "Evaluation of the Effect of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme on the Presentation of Exogenous Antigen in Cells and Its Physiological Significance", with an approved amount of 800,000 yuan, supported by Zhejiang University, and the starting and ending time is from January 2013 to December 2016. The project leader is Shen Xiao, the second author of the retracted paper and a researcher at Zhejiang University School of Medicine.

　　However, Shen Xiao once told the media, "I marked my fund, and there is no fund in Han Chunyu. But this research is basically self-raised by Han Chunyu through various channels, and my funds have not been invested in the experimental part. "

　　At present, The Paper contacted two experts who participated in the hearing by email, but no reply was received as of press time.

　　The aforementioned professor of Zhejiang University said, "If the National Natural Science Foundation of China holds such a hearing, it should be widely publicized, indicating that it is necessary to investigate the attitude of academic integrity."

　　According to the conclusion released by Hebei University of Science and Technology, relevant parties "terminated the research project undertaken by Han Chunyu’s team and recovered the research funds". However, it is not clear who the specific "relevant parties" refer to and how to recover the scientific research funds (part or used).

　　"Academic fraud" has not been determined, but the handling conforms to the relevant provisions of "Academic fraud"

　　In addition to the fact that the investigation results of withdrawing the paper itself make the outside world suspicious, Hebei University of Science and Technology’s handling results of Han Chunyu himself this time are also quite vague.

　　The result shows that after the publication of this paper, Han Chunyu’s personal housing, professional title and salary have not changed. During the investigation, Han Chunyu voluntarily requested to return the scientific research projects, performance awards, honorary titles, social posts, etc. Han Chunyu’s honorary title has been cancelled, the scientific research project undertaken by Han Chunyu’s team has been terminated, the research funds have been recovered, and the scientific research performance award won by Han Chunyu’s team has been recovered. Individual social posts are being handled according to legal procedures.

　　According to this result, after more than two years of ups and downs of being applauded and questioned, Han Chunyu himself just returned to the original point without being punished.

　　At the same time, if there is no subjective fraud, where is the basis for canceling the honorary title won by Han Chunyu and terminating scientific research projects? I’m afraid this needs further explanation from the school. What’s wrong with Han Chunyu’s team besides the "no subjective fraud"?

　　Compared with the fifth chapter of the Measures for Preventing and Handling Academic Misconduct in Colleges and Universities, "terminating or revoking relevant scientific research projects and revoking academic awards and honorary titles" is one of the treatments for those responsible for academic misconduct. The rest also includes informed criticism; Warning, demerit; Lowering the level of professional and technical posts and revoking professional and technical posts or administrative posts; Dismissal or dismissal; Other treatment measures stipulated by laws, regulations and rules.

　　If there is academic misconduct and it has a bad influence, it should be considered as serious. Treatment should be given to lower the level of professional and technical posts, revoke professional and technical posts or administrative posts; Expelled or dismissed.

　　In addition, Han Chunyu received 1 million yuan from the National Natural Science Foundation after the publication of the paper. In August 2016, the Development and Reform Commission of Hebei Province "agreed in principle" to the project of Hebei University of Science and Technology Gene Editing Technology Research Center with a total investment of 224 million yuan, and the funds were arranged by the provincial financial funds. This huge sum of money also makes the outside world think that the interests and reputations of Hebei University of Science and Technology and Han Chunyu are closely tied together.

　　On September 21, 2016, the project of purchasing imported instruments and equipment by the Gene Editing Technology Research Center of Hebei University of Science and Technology was opened in Shijiazhuang, with a budget of 19.58 million yuan.

　　At present, how does this most concerned huge sum of money end? Neither Hebei University of Science and Technology nor Hebei Provincial Development and Reform Commission announced a clear statement.

　　It is worth mentioning that this conclusion of Hebei University of Science and Technology not only makes the academic community full of doubts, but also feels disappointed. Some researchers said, "This survey results are contrary to the spirit of zero tolerance of academic integrity promulgated by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Now it is unclear why the counterfeiters can still continue to engage in academic work, and the academic community should really do it ‘ Zero tolerance ’ " .

　　More than one person is confused about the domestic academic environment. According to a report by WeChat WeChat official account Intellectuals a few days ago, Xu Chenyang, a mathematician born after 1980s who left Peking University to teach at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, talked about three major problems in domestic scientific and technological circles, including "academic fraud can’t be punished".

　　Xu Chenyang said, "Surprisingly, the suspected fraud has been exposed for a long time, and there has been no news to deal with it, let alone specific punishment measures."

　　"If ‘ Zero tolerance ’ Finally become ‘ Zero as ’ Or ‘ Inaction ’ It will make many people mistakenly think that our system does not punish or cannot punish academic fraud. If so, I think the impact is very bad. " Xu Chenyang mentioned.

　　At present, it seems that since the school announced the launch of the investigation in August 2017, the truth has not been one step closer to the public.

Topic: China Development Forum 2009 Annual Meeting

Chen Dongsheng, Chairman and CEO of Taikang Life Insurance Co., Ltd. spoke.

　　　　Ladies and gentlemen: Good afternoon. I am very glad to have the opportunity to share with you the experience of enterprises’ countermeasures under the financial crisis. I mainly combine our life insurance industry and my own enterprise to talk about three points.

　　　　First, the financial crisis challenges us. Second, what opportunities and opportunities have the financial crisis brought to us? Third, seize the opportunity and direction.

　　　　After the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, especially the spread risk brought by derivatives, many people were very worried. When you saw me, did you buy it? I said that Lehman and Merrill Lynch came to see us, but we didn’t buy it. He said you were really smart, and I said you weren’t smart. It wasn’t because I had a foresight and thought these products were risky that I didn’t buy them. In fact, we didn’t buy them because we didn’t understand. If you don’t understand and don’t buy it, you dodged a bullet.

　　　　Indeed, the financial crisis has had a great impact on China. Life insurance is also a completely domestic financial and insurance service industry, so it has little to do with the international community. However, after China’s economy is affected, especially stocks and securities, the whole financial investment market has a great impact. Let me say a simple figure. In 2007, the investment income of the entire insurance industry was about 270 billion. By 2008, the entire investment income had shrunk by nearly 75%. That is to say, only a quarter of the proceeds. Around 2007, all insurance companies were very happy and made a lot of money. But in 2008, only a quarter of about 100 insurance companies made money. And in a quarter of the companies, only a few five or six companies made more money. Most of them are just a little profit. What does this phenomenon mean? China’s life insurance industry, if the financial crisis continues and the stock and bond markets are depressed, the income of China’s life insurance industry and China’s insurance industry will be greatly challenged. The direct result is of course that the solvency of the insurance industry and our capital strength will be greatly challenged. Many companies will face the pressure of increasing capital. This is our biggest challenge.

　　　　This round of bull market in China stock market has made Chinese feel the opportunity to make a fortune. So it also educated the whole people. About 130 million stock accounts are opened, that is, one in every 10 people is speculating in stocks, so the era of investment and financial management has come for Chinese. Therefore, the insurance industry also sold a lot of investment products. So when many ordinary people lose money, they just look for the government. If the government goes to the insurance company again, even if you should not pay for it, you should return the money to him. In fact, this round of people lost money in buying insurance, which caused great disputes in the sales process of insurance. This is also a huge challenge to our insurance industry. I think these two challenges are the biggest challenges to the insurance industry in this financial crisis.

At the same time, in the process of challenges and difficulties, we also see opportunities and opportunities. I think the biggest opportunity is that many experts have also made speeches this morning, saying that when the financial crisis comes, the government will probably take these measures: the first measure is to cut interest rates. The second measure is to inject capital. The third measure is to close the market. All of them cut interest rates, both good and bad. When the long-term bank deposit and loan interest rates were high in the past, it was bad for insurance and bad for insurance sales. At present, the interest rate of banks has dropped quite low, which has brought great benefits to the sales of insurance. Especially in times of difficulty and crisis, people’s desire to buy insurance is increasing. In fact, in January and February this year, the insurance industry in China was still growing. Therefore, the financial crisis is beneficial to the sales of insurance.

　　　　Second, during the financial crisis, the cost dropped greatly. One is labor cost, and the other is operating cost. Last week or so, our asset management company wanted to recruit five employees, and we limited it to Peking University, Tsinghua, Fudan University and Jiaotong University, and 2,000 people came to bid for these five positions. I was very happy to be the chairman, and I was able to recruit talents from all over the world during the financial crisis. In fact, it is of great benefit for enterprises to take this opportunity to adjust your talent structure and improve the quality of human resources in the financial crisis.

　　　　In addition, as we all know, 20 million migrant workers have returned to their hometowns, which is a good thing for the insurance industry. Last year, Taikang Life Insurance was the same as Chairman Wang, and we also vigorously developed county insurance. Last year, 150,000 insurance agents were recruited in counties and townships, and my premium doubled last year. So the 150,000 rural sales force. I went to many towns and villages. In the past, as we all know, when I went to the villages, the agricultural machinery stations and veterinary stations were basically my direct insurance stations. Now the society has changed. When I went there, I first saw "China Mobile", the store where Chairman Wang sold mobile phones and telecommunications services, and the insurance store of "Taikang Life Insurance". So now, insurance and communication have become important promoters of new rural construction. Suddenly, I found that the new image of the new farmer came out.

　　　　What is the image of a new farmer in China’s new socialist countryside? Riding a motorcycle, using a mobile phone and holding Taikang life insurance policy, this is the new farmer. You should see the opportunities brought to you by the crisis. So I talk about a lot of talent and insurance development opportunities, and at the same time I will see the cost. So I called our CFO and held a meeting every day. Where the rent is due next month, you cut me 20% of the rent. In fact, the rent has also dropped.

　　　　Another story is that we have the practice of rewarding sales champions every year. Last year, I took 420 people to Sydney and spent 13 million yuan. Next month, I will take 500 people to Hawaii in the United States. Hawaii is farther than Sydney, but my cost is 4 million less. Not only did it cost 4 million, but two five-star hotels in Hawaii knew that Taikang Life Insurance was going there, and they found Beijing and said that they would give us this business and go to our hotel. The hotel said that they would come to our hotel instead of that hotel. Therefore, the decline in costs is good for business operations. This is the opportunity I want to talk about.

　　　　What is the future development? Everyone is talking about what opportunities the global financial crisis has for China. As a large developing country, China’s economy is still in a high-speed growth. There are three kinds of generalizations: one is that China has long been based on an export-oriented economy, and it must move towards an economic model with a balance between export-oriented and domestic demand, with domestic demand as the main factor. This is a transformation. The second transformation is our long-term economic model based on manufacturing economy, which should be balanced between manufacturing and service industry development, that is, from external demand to domestic demand, from manufacturing to service. All economists criticized China this morning, and they must change it, stop saving money and spend money. Our savings-oriented economy should be transformed into a consumption-oriented economy. At the core of these three transformations, I think the government, academic circles and business circles in China have reached a high consensus. That is to say, how easy is it to build China into a consumption-oriented country? We must carry out a series of reforms and a series of constructions. What reforms and constructions have been carried out? The core construction is the social security system. Therefore, the insurance industry as a social security system, whether it is endowment insurance or medical insurance. As commercial insurance, it is one of the three pillars of the security system. Therefore, it is full of prospects and hopes for our life insurance company.

　　　　The future development of health insurance, the future development of old-age insurance, and the large amount of funds we have accumulated in health, old-age care and life insurance can also be invested in health facilities and health industries. It can also be invested in pension facilities and pension industries. In fact, you get the money and have a way out for investment. So I think the development of life insurance industry in the future is a big way out in health insurance and endowment insurance.

　　　　Thank you all.

Editor: Chen Xixia

CCTV News:According to the latest influenza surveillance released by China CDC, since January, the positive rate of influenza virus detection in southern and northern provinces of China has been declining, but the number of respiratory diseases in various places has remained at a high level, and cough patients account for a relatively high proportion of the patients. Some hospitals have also set up cough clinics for this purpose.

According to the doctor, cough is actually a protective reflex of the human body and a natural reaction of the body to remove foreign bodies and secretions from the respiratory tract. In the interview, the reporter found that many patients, especially children, have recovered from respiratory diseases, but their cough is still not good. Most of them are irritating dry cough or cough accompanied by a small amount of white mucus, and there is nothing abnormal after chest X-ray examination. Many parents feel very anxious because of the chronic cough. The doctor suggested that we should first judge whether the cough is acute or chronic. If it is chronic, it is recommended to confirm whether there is a potential disease.

Shen Kunling, Chief Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University:That is, more than 4 weeks, we call it chronic cough, but within 4 weeks, it is called acute cough, so some children, for example, are basically cured in 2, 3 and 4 weeks, and this is no problem. However, some patients will cough for more than 4 weeks. There are several reasons to consider. The first one is that the original A stream may be particularly heavy, or there is B stream after A stream, or mycoplasma after A stream, or bacterial infection after A stream. This mixed infection will cause serious damage to that epithelium, so he will continue to cough; Another situation depends on whether the child has a basic problem. The most common basic problem is that the child has allergies.

[Expert Tips] Avoid blindly relieving cough and abusing antibiotics.

The doctor said that cough after respiratory tract infection is very common. If it lasts within 4 weeks and there is no aggravation, there is no need to go to the hospital repeatedly. In the home care of post-infection cough, the most common misunderstanding is blind cough suppression and abuse of antibiotics. Abuse of cough inhibitors may inhibit the natural cleaning process of respiratory tract and prolong the course of disease.

Shen Kunling, Chief Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University:Children still do not advocate the use of central antitussive drugs. First, cough has its own protective effect on the body. After another reason is removed, in fact, many coughs will be relieved. Many parents were very anxious, and then they started taking drugs when they coughed. They used drugs indiscriminately and asked him what drugs he used. He said that I used antibiotics, and he didn’t know what antibiotics you asked. These antibiotics are left over from the last illness, so I’ll give them to him now. In fact, this is not standardized. First of all, it is abused, then it is useless when it should be used, and there is not enough course of treatment when it should be used. These will cause the child’s condition to persist.

Experts remind that antibiotics are only effective for bacterial infections, and the functional development of children’s organs is still not perfect. Improper medication may cause some adverse reactions, causing organ damage and so on. Children are not a miniature version of adults, and it is not advisable to abuse drugs or use drugs at will. We must consider the safety and effectiveness of drug use and standardize drug use under the guidance of doctors or pharmacists.

[Expert tip] Correct atomization treatment can relieve chronic cough.

No matter what causes the recovery of chronic cough, it needs a process, during which children cough frequently and even affect eating and sleeping. At this time, doctors will suggest using atomization to relieve symptoms. So what problems should we pay attention to when doing atomization?

Although atomization therapy is very common in clinic, in the interview, we learned that there are still many parents who think that once atomization therapy is used, the child’s condition is more serious. In fact, atomization inhalation is a means to help the mucosal barrier recover. By inhaling aerosol containing drugs, it directly acts on the lesion, reducing mucosal inflammation, reducing sputum and helping the mucosal recovery. When the mucosal recovery is good, the cough will naturally be alleviated. At present, atomization treatment is mainly aimed at post-infection cough, infant wheezing, cough variant asthma and so on.

Shen Kunling, Chief Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University:Generally speaking, we should master the principle of five R’s in drug use, that is, five correct patients, the right drugs, the right way of use, the right course of treatment, the right devices and so on. The effect of atomization in crying state is worse than that in quiet state, so it is best to let children be quiet, such as watching cartoons, and inhale normally in quiet state. In addition, we should pay attention to the course of treatment and have enough courses of treatment.

　　In summer, the weather is hot, and the growth and reproduction of bacteria are increasingly active. The so-called "illness from the mouth", when cooking dishes, do you think that there may be "dangerous elements" hidden in the kitchen? What diseases will they cause?

　　What are the common pathogens in the kitchen?

　　1. Escherichia coli

　　● Can cause diseases: sepsis, infective endocarditis, liver abscess, peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and urinary system infection.

　　● Post-infection symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock.

　　E. coli is harmless to human body under normal circumstances, but it is easy to cause disease once it is overdosed and human immunity is weak.

　　● E.coli has low requirements for living conditions, and it will grow in the kitchen where there is a little water or food residue, such as chopping boards, rags and sinks that have not been dried. It is warm and humid in summer, and the growth and reproduction of Escherichia coli is very fast.

　　● Escherichia coli is not resistant to high temperature. Generally, it can be killed in plain areas by boiling at 100℃ for about 15 minutes to 30 minutes. When the temperature is about 4℃, the growth rate of Escherichia coli slows down; When the temperature is below MINUS 20℃, it enters a dormant state and stops breeding.

　　2. Listeria

　　● Can cause diseases: fetal arrest, abortion, meningitis.

　　● Post-infection symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock.

　　Listeria is known as the "refrigerator killer" and can still grow at 4℃. Milk, yogurt, eggs, meat, cold drinks and vegetables in the refrigerator may be parasitic.

　　Low high temperature environment is easy to kill Listeria, and refrigerated food can be sterilized by boiling and heating. In addition, regular cleaning and disinfection of the refrigerator will help to eliminate Listeria.

　　3. Vibrio parahaemolyticus

　　● Can cause diseases: gastroenteritis, acute renal failure and wound infection.

　　● Post-infection symptoms: severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock may occur.

　　● Vibrio parahaemolyticus mainly lives in seafood such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish and seaweed. Eating food containing this bacterium or being scratched by food containing this bacterium can cause infection.

　　● Vibrio parahaemolyticus can be killed by heating at high temperature. If sterilized with boiling water, it is recommended to boil for more than 15 minutes.

　　4. Salmonella

　　● Can cause diseases: bacteremia, septicemia, gastroenteritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, vascular implant infection and bone and joint infection.

　　● Post-infection symptoms: persistent high fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and shock may occur.

　　Salmonella is easy to appear in kitchen knives, chopping boards, vegetables, fruits, eggs, chicken legs and other foods.

　　Salmonella can be killed by heating at high temperature.

　　5. Staphylococcus aureus

　　● Can cause diseases: meningitis, otitis media, septicemia, pneumonia, folliculitis, wound infection and paronychia.

　　● Post-infection symptoms: skin pustules, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, dizziness, etc.

　　● It is often parasitic on human and animal skin, nasal cavity, throat, stomach and other tissues, and is also found in air and sewage. When eating food contaminated by the bacteria, or when the body wound comes into contact with pollution sources, it can cause infection.

　　Staphylococcus aureus has a certain tolerance to high temperature, and it can be killed in a high temperature environment above 80℃ for 30 minutes. 70% ethanol can also be used for disinfection.

　　The doctor reminded that the symptoms caused by these pathogenic bacteria when invading the human body have many similarities, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, etc. Therefore, once an infection occurs, it is necessary to go to the hospital for examination and test to accurately identify which kind of bacteria is caused, and then take medicine for the symptoms.

　　Transfer from: CCTV Finance

Original health wish you health magazine

Nine cancer patients in one family?

This really sounds scary, and it’s even scarier to think about it.

Nobody wants this to happen to them, so what is "unusual" about this family? What’s the warning for you and me?

Shocked!

A family of nine cancer patients

There is a lady Luo in Zhejiang who has just given birth to a second baby and was diagnosed with undifferentiated thyroid cancer.

This is already a very unfortunate thing. Ms. Luo recalled the past and found that her family seemed to "rush" with the tumor. There were 8 cancer patients in the whole family before!

Grandma, father, brother, two aunts, an uncle, two cousins, and counting herself, nine people suffered from cancer one after another. This unusual phenomenon aroused Ms. Luo’s vigilance, so she came to Zhejiang Cancer Hospital for help.

Doctors tested the genes of Ms. Luo and 18 members of her paternal family, and finally found that this family suffered from a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease-Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

//

Leigh-Fraumeni syndrome is a rare hereditary tumor syndrome, which is mainly caused by the mutation of tumor suppressor gene TP53, and can lead to the occurrence of different cancers in multiple organs, including breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma and leukemia. People who carry this mutant gene have an increased risk of developing tumors, and most of them occur when they are young.

pay attention to

"Family cancer" is not all genetic diseases.

In fact, it is not a new secret that cancer has the characteristics of family aggregation.

Give a famous example.

Anita Mui is a favorite star of many people. Everyone knows that Anita Mui died of cervical cancer in 2003.

But many people don’t know that the Mei brothers and sisters are all cancer patients. Her sister Mei Aifang died of cervical cancer, her brother Mei Deming died of laryngeal cancer, and Mei Qiming was also diagnosed with colorectal cancer.

The reason why cancer has family clustering is because the occurrence of cancer is really related to genetic factors.

Leigh-Fraumeni syndrome is not the only genetic disease related to tumor, and the common hereditary breast cancer, ovarian cancer syndrome and Lynch syndrome (the most common colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer susceptibility syndrome) belong to it.

Genetic diseases associated with tumors generally have several characteristics:

//

Many people in the family are sick.

The onset age is young (usually < 50 years old or even earlier)

The same patient has multiple or bilateral tumors.

However, "family cancer" is not all related to heredity.

Because the living environment and eating habits of a family are close, sometimes there will be some family clustering cases unrelated to heredity.

For example, if a family eats moldy grains or drinks polluted pond water for a long time, the risk of liver cancer in this family will be much higher than that in the average family, and there may be many cases of liver cancer in the family. But this clustering disease is not caused by heredity, but by environmental pollution and eating habits.

Q:

What if someone at home has cancer?

The so-called "family history of tumor" means that first-degree relatives and/or second-degree relatives have malignant tumors.

//

First degree relatives: parents, children, brothers and sisters.

Second degree relatives: grandparents, uncles, uncles, aunts, uncles and aunts.

In other words, there are cancer patients in the family with a family history of cancer.

People who usually have a family history of cancer will have a higher risk of cancer than those who have no family history of cancer, and the risk of some malignant tumors may even exceed the general population by ten times.

If only one person in the family has cancer, don’t be overly nervous; However, if 2-3 members of the immediate family have cancer, they need to be highly suspected of familial cancer tendency. They can do related tumor genetic counseling and genetic testing, analyze the causes of cancer among many family members, and strive to achieve early detection, early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment.

At the same time, we should also re-examine the family’s living environment, living habits, especially eating habits, and rule out some cases of tumor clustering caused by environment and diet (rather than heredity).

However, please note that tumors with definite genetic factors still account for a small number of the total incidence of cancer, only 5%~10%, and more cancer patients are sporadic cases.

Therefore, everyone should keep this tumor screening suggestion form in mind to help us stay away from tumors as much as possible.

-Produced by the editorial department of "I wish you health" of Jiangsu Phoenix Science and Technology Publishing House-

Content Planning/Writing/Typesetting: Zhu Jingjing

Original title: "A family of 9 cancer patients? Is it safe for me to have a cancer patient at home? 》

Read the original text

　　Photo courtesy of vision china

　　"A bottle contains 30 kinds of nutrients and can be full for 5 hours; Effective weight loss does not rebound; 6 flavors are changed for drinking. " Recently, an anchor sold a meal replacement milkshake called Smeal-NOTO series in the live broadcast room of the e-commerce platform. According to the seller, this meal replacement milkshake is a "body management tool that is popular all over the world". A bottle can provide 200g of protein for oysters, 1,000g of dietary fiber for vegetables, and 20 kinds of vitamins and minerals. The product introduction page also says: a bottle saves you an hour of exercise. On the e-commerce platform, this milkshake sells 39,000 bottles a month.

　　At present, meal replacement has become the new favorite of weight loss circle. meal replacement powder, meal replacement milkshake, meal replacement porridge and other products featuring "low calorie and strong satiety" emerge one after another. Then, can meal replacement products that make dieters rush to lose weight?

　　Eating meal replacement is equivalent to dieting in disguise.

　　"Weight loss with meal replacement is mainly achieved by reducing calorie and nutritional requirements. Improper use will affect health." Zhang Tian, a nutritionist in the Clinical Nutrition Department of Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the meal replacement advertised in the market cannot completely replace normal meals. In order to maintain the basic metabolism and normal activities of the human body, a healthy adult woman needs about 1500&mdash; 1800 calories, men need 1800&mdash; 2,200 calories, safe weight loss is recommended to be reduced by 500&mdash; 600 calories, and to ensure that the nutrient ratio is reasonable. "But most meal replacement products do not meet the calorie and nutritional requirements for safe weight loss." Zhang Tian said.

　　Take the Smeal-NOTO series of meal replacement milkshakes in online celebrity as an example. The calorie of a bottle (75g) of meal replacement milkshakes with Ceylon milk tea flavor is 275 calories. The seller said, "One bottle can replace one meal, and three meals a day can be replaced. It is recommended to replace two meals a day, lunch and dinner. It is suggested that you should eat less oil and maintain 6-mdash when you eat a normal diet without meal replacement; 7 points full. "

　　According to the seller’s suggestion, drinking two bottles a day can only consume 550 calories. "This calorie is still very low. Even special obese people need to lose weight in such a low-calorie way under the guidance of a doctor. Eating meal replacement is equivalent to dieting in disguise, and the purpose of losing weight is achieved by increasing the difference between the required calories and the actual calorie intake. " Zhang Tian said that the extremely low-calorie weight loss method is not scientific and difficult to last for a long time. Once it stops, it is easy to cause weight rebound.

　　Long-term consumption is easy to cause malnutrition.

　　The nutrients needed by the human body need to meet a certain proportion. According to the recommendation of China Nutrition Society, lipids should account for 20% of the essential nutrients for human body & mdash; 30%； Protein accounts for 10%&mdash; 20%； Carbohydrate accounts for 50%&mdash; 65%。

　　As a mixture of various foods, can meal replacement be scientifically matched? The forms of meal replacement food include solid, semi-solid, liquid, etc., usually a mixture of various foods. "Meal replacement foods are often dominated by carbohydrates such as whole grains." Zhang Tian said that long-term consumption of meal replacement can easily lead to unbalanced nutrition and malnutrition.

　　Smeal-NOTO series meal replacement milkshakes claim that each bottle can provide 200 grams of protein (about 22 grams of protein) of raw oysters. However, the ingredient list shows that a 100g meal replacement milkshake only contains 8.6g of protein, so a bottle (75g) can only provide 6.45g of protein. "The protein that a normal human body needs every day is multiplied by 0.8&mdash per kilogram of body weight; 1.2。 For example, 50 kilograms of body weight, the daily protein content is 40-mdash; Between 60 grams. The protein content of this meal replacement is not as high as that of a pack of ordinary pure milk or an egg. No matter how many meals are replaced, the protein quality of each meal cannot meet the needs of the human body. " Zhang Tian said that consumers without nutrition knowledge background are easily confused by publicity.

　　"However, it should be noted that you can’t simply evaluate the quality of a food. For the human body, it is necessary to see whether the food structure can meet the needs of the human body as a whole. " Zhang Tian emphasized that it is ok to use meal replacement with other foods in the diet as long as the nutrition is balanced.

　　Dietary fiber makes people feel full.

　　In addition to low calories, satiety is another label that meal replacement is proud of.

　　Feeling full, in popular terms, means that although I haven’t eaten much, I still feel full. "Meal replacement is mainly based on coarse grains, konjac and other foods with more starch, which is characterized by high dietary fiber content. If you eat too much dietary fiber and you are not easy to get hungry, you can control your desire to eat. " Zhang Tian told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the satiety of meal replacement is that dietary fiber is at work.

　　Professor Ai Hua, from the Nutrition Research Office of the Institute of Sports Medicine of the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University, explained that dietary fiber in meal replacement has the function of water absorption and swelling, and it also has satiety effect without being absorbed and utilized by the human body. When dietary fiber is discharged through the intestine, it can also adhere to some fatty things, thus reducing energy intake.

　　Take konjac as an example, its rich glucomannan is very absorbent, so a few solids can form a lot of konjac gum, giving people a strong sense of fullness.

　　However, the dietary fiber provided by meal replacement may not be enough to produce satiety. Take the above-mentioned online celebrity meal replacement milkshake as an example. According to the taste composition table of Ceylon milk tea exposed by netizens, the content of dietary fiber in every 100g of goods is 1.8g, while that in 100g of vegetables generally contains about 3.5g.. Therefore, this bottle of meal replacement milkshake (75g) can’t provide the dietary fiber content of 1,000g vegetables as advertised.

　　In addition, in daily life, there are many coarse grains that can provide dietary fiber, such as corn, sweet potato, oats, brown rice and so on. In contrast, meal replacement food is likely to lose anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation and anti-aging substances contained in natural food during production and processing.

　　Zhang Tian also warned that excessive consumption of dietary fiber will affect the digestion and absorption of other foods, leading to unbalanced nutrition and affecting health. "We usually recommend that you eat coarse grains rich in dietary fiber, which should not exceed half of the normal diet. However, the dietary fiber in meal replacement food definitely exceeds this ratio, which is not conducive to the body’s absorption of other nutrients. "

　　For people with metabolic disorders, improper use of meal replacement food may cause health risks. In 2018, in order to lose weight, a citizen of Loudi City, Hunan Province ate only one meal replacement biscuit and some vegetables and fruits for two months, which eventually led to cardiac arrest due to malnutrition.

　　Earlier, the British "Daily Telegraph" published a study by Oxford University. The researchers found that meal replacement can indeed reduce people’s body fat, visceral fat and liver fat, but the myocardial fat has increased. This means that long-term intake of meal replacement has an impact on heart function. Researchers warn that for people with heart disease, dieting may worsen the condition and aggravate heart failure symptoms such as shortness of breath or arrhythmia.

　　Extended reading

　　Past lives of meal replacement.

　　In fact, the birth of meal replacement food has nothing to do with losing weight.

　　The original product of meal replacement series is beverage meal replacement, and its concept can be traced back to the research results of some early physiologists. In the 1940s, some researchers first identified the main nutrients needed for human survival during the period of strict food restriction. In the late 1950s, space flight required the development of highly compact liquid dietary substitutes, and an aqueous mixture was born.

　　At present, beverage meal replacement has occupied an important position in the meal replacement family and has become one of the tools to manage overweight and obesity.

　　On January 1st, 2020, the group standard "Meal Substitute Food" issued by China Nutrition Society was officially implemented. The standard pointed out that meal substitute food is a kind of energy-controlling food specially prepared to meet the nutritional needs of one or two meals for adults during weight control.

　　Zhang Tian said that under the guidance of doctors and professionals, obese and overeating people can choose some meal substitutes with comprehensive nutrition and strong satiety to replace some meals in the overall diet, which can help them lose weight. "But it is not recommended to follow the trend or blindly adopt a very low-calorie and unbalanced weight loss method. Such a low-calorie weight will definitely come down, but then the weight will definitely rebound. If you want to lose weight healthily and not rebound, you must respect science and rebuild a healthy lifestyle. If you are a healthy person with normal weight, you can eat well, and you don’t need to use meal replacement food to manage your weight. "

　　"A bottle of meal replacement milkshake with about 300 calories can be completely replaced by 50 grams of meat +250 grams of vegetables +2 corns /2 slices of bread /50 grams of cereal +5 grams of oil." Zhang Tian said, "People who have no time to cook and eat meal replacement can learn some Aauto Quicker meals. At least the milk, cereal and eggs in breakfast must be guaranteed. "

　　With the gradual expansion of the market scale of meal replacement food, the chaos in the industry is gradually breeding. Some exaggerate publicity to cater to consumers’ psychology of losing weight, some are produced in small workshops but pretend to be big brands, and some even have no products. In addition, the national health literacy is not high enough, which leads many people to fall into the trap of meal replacement.

　　Zhang Tian said that the dietary pattern can be balanced according to the Dietary Guidelines for China Residents, so as to achieve a balanced diet. "In fact, on the basis of a healthy diet, eat a few mouthfuls less every meal and reduce the time of sitting, and the weight will gradually decrease. Losing weight also requires patience. "

Recently, Xiao Jiu backstage received such a private letter:

"I am 56 years old. I have been diagnosed with hypertension for 6 years, and I have been taking antihypertensive drugs. Yesterday, my old friend shared an article with me and told me that four batches of antihypertensive drugs were recalled because of carcinogens. The antihypertensive drugs I just ate are one of them. What should I do? Should I stop taking the medicine? What should I do if I eat cancer again? "

In fact, it is not the first time that antihypertensive drugs have been recalled because they contain carcinogens. As early as 2018, sartan drugs were recalled. What about this antihypertensive drug recall that fans privately wrote?

01

Reproduced carcinogens, 4 batches of antihypertensive drugs were recalled.

On December 21, 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a recall announcement, which stated that Lupin Pharmaceuticals voluntarily recalled four batches of quinapril tablets because nitrosamine impurities, a possible carcinogen, were detected in these drugs, which exceeded the maximum acceptable daily dose stipulated by WHO. The FDA believes that if people are exposed to nitrosamine impurities above the maximum daily intake for a long time, it may increase the risk of cancer.

Quinapril tablet is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, which is mainly used for the treatment of patients with hypertension to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events caused by hypertension.

Can I continue to take this medicine? According to the company’s announcement, no adverse event report related to this time has been received. And they suggest that patients who take this medicine contact doctors or medical service providers to find out whether to continue taking the medicine or whether to consider other treatment methods before returning the medicine.

In fact, it is not the first time that antihypertensive drugs have been recalled because of nitrosamine impurities:

On March 4th, 2022, Pfizer Canada completely recalled the antihypertensive drugs Accuretic tablets (quinapril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide tablets) in the Canadian market.

On March 21st, 2022, Pfizer voluntarily recalled 11 batches of products in the United States, including 6 batches of Accuretic tablets, 1 batch of quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide tablets and 4 batches of quinapril hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide tablets.

On October 24th, 2022, Aurobindo Pharma USA voluntarily recalled two batches of quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets.

The reason for the above three recalls was that the content of nitrosamines containing potential carcinogenic impurities exceeded the prescribed standards. Why do nitrosamine impurities with such high risks often appear in antihypertensive drugs?

Jin Pengfei, deputy director and chief pharmacist of the Pharmacy Department of Beijing Hospital, said that nitrosamine impurities in drugs are related to many reasons, such as process generation, degradation pathway and pollution introduction. In the process of drug synthesis, amine compounds may react with other reagents to produce nitrosamine impurities; Inadvertently using materials contaminated by nitrosamines in the production process of raw materials may also be risky; In addition, some drugs may degrade to produce nitrosamine impurities under special circumstances. He also said that if we want to control the generation of such impurities, we should adopt the strategy of avoiding first and controlling second.

02

Get rid of those rumors about antihypertensive drugs

1. Does hydrochlorothiazide increase the risk of skin cancer?

In 2017, a research article published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology showed that people who use hydrochlorothiazide frequently increase the risk of skin cancer; Coincidentally, an article in the Danish National Demography and Health Registry shows that the use of thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide may increase the risk of skin cancer and lip cancer. So is this really the case?

In this regard, Qin Xiuchuan, chief physician of Beijing anzhen hospital Emergency and Critical Care Center affiliated to Capital Medical University, said that all these so-called studies have great limitations and did not include the main risk factors of skin cancer, such as ultraviolet exposure and skin type. The skin differences between different races are not taken into account, so there is no causal relationship between hydrochlorothiazide and skin cancer. Patients who are taking drugs must not stop taking them without authorization.

2, antihypertensive drugs are dependent, don’t eat?

Many people think that once antihypertensive drugs are taken, they can’t be thrown away. They need to be taken for a lifetime and will be dependent. But in fact, taking antihypertensive drugs is not dependent. Moreover, hypertension itself is a chronic disease that cannot be cured. If you want to control blood pressure in a stable range, you can only take medicine for a long time according to the doctor’s advice to avoid cardiovascular accidents.

3. You don’t need to take medicine without symptoms?

Many people think that no discomfort is a sign of normal blood pressure, so there is no need to continue taking drugs. In fact, this idea is not correct. Many hypertensive patients have no obvious discomfort when their blood pressure rises to nearly 200. Stopping drugs without authorization will lead to excessive blood pressure fluctuation, which is easy to induce cardiovascular accidents.

4. The lower the blood pressure, the better?

Excessive blood pressure drop in a short period of time will easily lead to an increase in the risk of diseases such as cerebral apoplexy. And the lower the blood pressure, the better. For patients with hypertension, what needs to be pursued is to reduce the blood pressure smoothly and control the blood pressure at about 140/90mmHg.

03

Lower blood pressure and put away the summary of Mayo Clinic in America.

Five "depressurization methods"

Mayo Clinic, a non-profit medical institution in the United States, has won the international hospital competition for seven consecutive years. Regarding how to lower blood pressure, Mayo Clinic provides five life suggestions for patients with hypertension:

Eat less salt.

Patients with hypertension should pay attention to eating more fruits and vegetables, grains and low-fat dairy products in their daily diet, and reduce the intake of high-fat and high-cholesterol foods. At the same time, attention should be paid to limiting salt intake, and it is suggested that the daily salt intake should be kept below 5g.

Restrict alcohol and tobacco

Alcohol and tobacco will cause abnormal vasoconstriction after entering the body, and will reduce the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. It is necessary for hypertensive patients to quit smoking and limit alcohol if they want to control their blood pressure better.

Stick to exercise

It is recommended to maintain at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every week, and the time of each exercise is not less than 30 minutes. You can choose aerobic exercise such as walking, jogging, cycling and swimming, and pay attention to long-term exercise.

Lose fat

Obesity is one of the main causes of high blood pressure. It is necessary to lose weight in order to control blood pressure better. Want to lose weight, nothing more than six words-shut up, take your legs, lose weight in a scientific way, and don’t blindly diet.

Learn to decompress

Being in a state of excessive pressure for a long time will lead to sympathetic nerve excitement and easy to cause blood pressure to rise. Pay attention to adjust your emotions in life and don’t let your spirit be too tight.

In short, it is the key for hypertensive patients to take antihypertensive drugs for a long time if they want to control their blood pressure. Hypertensive patients should never stop taking drugs without authorization, and they need to discuss with their attending doctors before making a decision. In addition to taking antihypertensive drugs, we should maintain a healthy lifestyle, eat a balanced diet, eat less salt and exercise more, so that blood pressure will be stable.

References:

[1] Where do the carcinogens that exceed the standard in the "recall door" of Pfizer antihypertensive drugs come from? Phoenix Net Health. 2022-03-27

[2] "Don’t eat antihypertensive drugs! 6 Misunderstandings of Drug Use to Know. Dr. Lilac. 2019-09-05.

[3] "Mayo Clinic in the United States summed up 10" life-lowering methods ",insisting on doing blood pressure can be lowered a little bit". Life Times .2021-04-19

Read the original text

Hunan Provincial Bureau of Statistics &ensp; Hunan Investigation Corps of National Bureau of Statistics

March 23, 2023

In 2022, in the face of the stormy international environment, arduous and arduous tasks of reform, development and stability, and the overlapping influence of epidemic situation, flood and drought, the whole province adhered to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, took the convening of the 20th Party Congress as the main line, studied, publicized and implemented the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, and earnestly implemented the important requirements of "keeping the epidemic under control, stabilizing the economy and ensuring safe development". Fully implement the strategic positioning and mission of "three highs and four innovations", adhere to the working idea of "steady progress in high and new technologies", do a good job of "two overall plans", keep the overall economic and social situation stable, and make progress in major economic indicators, so as to lay a solid foundation for making a good start in the construction of a modern new Hunan with Chinese characteristics.

First, comprehensive &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; close

According to the unified accounting results of regional GDP, the annual regional GDP[2] 4,867.04 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5% over the previous year, higher than the national average. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 460.27 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6%; The added value of the secondary industry was 1,918.26 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 2,488.51 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%. The per capita GDP was 73,598 yuan, an increase of 4.8%.

The tertiary industrial structure is 9.5: 39.4: 51.1. The industrial added value increased by 6.4% over the previous year, accounting for 30.9% of the regional GDP; The added value of high-tech industries increased by 12.7%, accounting for 24.4% of the regional GDP; The added value of strategic emerging industries increased by 7.5%, accounting for 10.5% of the regional GDP. The contribution rates of the added value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries to economic growth are 8.2%, 51.3% and 40.5% respectively. Among them, the contribution rate of industry to economic growth is 42.6%, and that of producer services is 23.4%.

Regionally, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area[3]The GDP was 2,028.05 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5% over the previous year; The GDP of southern Hunan was 948.05 billion yuan, an increase of 5.3%; The GDP of western Hunan was 781.62 billion yuan, up by 4.2%. The GDP of Dongting Lake area was 1,109.32 billion yuan, an increase of 4.9%.

Second, agriculture &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; job

The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 816.01 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8% over the previous year. The grain planting area was 4,765.5 thousand hectares, an increase of 7.2 thousand hectares or 0.2%. Among them, the area of summer grain was 112.6 thousand hectares, a decrease of 1.2 thousand hectares or 1.1%; The area of early rice was 1212.8 thousand hectares, a decrease of 6.8 thousand hectares or 0.6%; The area of autumn grain was 3,440.1 thousand hectares, an increase of 15.2 thousand hectares or 0.4%. Among the autumn grain areas, the area of middle rice and late rice in one season is 1481.9 thousand hectares, an increase of 2.7 thousand hectares or 0.2%; The area of double-cropping late rice is 1273.0 thousand hectares, an increase of 0.7 thousand hectares or 0.1%. The annual grain output was 30.18 million tons, a decrease of 563,000 tons and a decrease of 1.8%. Among them, the output of summer grain was 456,000 tons, an increase of 5,000 tons and an increase of 1.0%; The output of early rice was 7.413 million tons, a decrease of 25,000 tons and a decrease of 0.3%. The output of autumn grain was 22.311 million tons, a decrease of 543,000 tons and a decrease of 2.4%.

The annual cotton planting area was 64.6 thousand hectares, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year; The planting area of sugar is 7.6 thousand hectares, an increase of 0.4%; The oil planting area was 1518.2 thousand hectares, an increase of 2.6%. Cotton output was 82,000 tons, an increase of 2.3%; 2.77 million tons of oil, an increase of 5.3%; 195,000 tons of flue-cured tobacco, an increase of 5.8%; 265,000 tons of tea, an increase of 2.6%.

The total output of pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry was 5.773 million tons, an increase of 3.1% over the previous year. Among them, the output of pork was 4.579 million tons, an increase of 3.3%; The beef output was 216,000 tons, an increase of 1.4%; The mutton output was 182,000 tons, an increase of 4.0%; The output of poultry meat was 796,000 tons, an increase of 2.3%. At the end of the year, the number of live pigs was 41.162 million, down 2.0% from the end of last year, among which the number of fertile sows was 3.696 million, up 0.4%; The cattle population was 4.418 million, an increase of 1.5%; The number of sheep was 8.014 million, an increase of 3.4%; There were 363.324 million poultry in cages, down by 3.0%. In the whole year, 62.482 million pigs were slaughtered, an increase of 2.1% over the previous year; 1.831 million cattle were slaughtered, an increase of 1.3%; 11.014 million sheep were slaughtered, an increase of 3.5%; 552.132 million poultry were released, an increase of 2.2%. The output of poultry eggs was 1.175 million tons, down by 0.3%; The milk output was 72,000 tons, an increase of 26.3%; The output of aquatic products was 2.726 million tons, an increase of 2.4%.

232 high-standard farmland construction projects were implemented throughout the year, with a construction area of 4.6 million mu. 2619 water conservancy construction projects were started, with an investment of 56.60 billion yuan, and 240 million cubic meters of earth and stone were completed. 6,995.7 kilometers of rural tourist roads, resource roads and industrial roads were upgraded and transformed. At the end of the year, the total power of agricultural machinery was 67.78 million kilowatts, an increase of 1.5% over the end of the previous year.

III. Industry and Construction Industry

The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 7.2% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of private enterprises increased by 7.5%, accounting for 69.8% of industries above designated size. High-tech manufacturing[4]The added value increased by 18.0%, accounting for 13.9% of industries above designated size, an increase of 0.9 percentage points over the previous year. equipment manufacturing industry[5]The added value increased by 9.9%, accounting for 31.7% of industries above designated size. The industrial added value of provincial and above industrial parks increased by 8.0%, accounting for 72.5% of industries above designated size, up by 2.7 percentage points over the previous year. The added value of the six high energy-consuming industries increased by 6.6%, accounting for 30.2% of the industries above designated size. Regionally, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 8.1% in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, 8.3% in southern Hunan, 5.8% in western Hunan and 7.0% in Dongting Lake.

Among the main products of industrial statistics above designated size in the whole year, rice was 18.509 million tons, down 1.9% from the previous year; Feed was 22.606 million tons, an increase of 6.7%; The processing capacity of crude oil was 8.283 million tons, up by 2.4%; 99.444 million tons of cement, down 6.3%; 30.383 million tons of steel, an increase of 1.9%; Ten kinds of non-ferrous metals were 2.323 million tons, down 3.7%; 30,000 concrete machines, down by 24.5%; 916,000 cars, an increase of 38.2%; The power generation was 165.90 billion kWh, down by 0.6%.

Table 1&ensp; Output and growth rate of major industrial products above designated size in 2022[6]

Total profits of industrial enterprises above designated size[7]231.01 billion yuan, up 11.5% over the previous year. In terms of economic types, state-owned enterprises reached 13.26 billion yuan, up by 19.4%; Collective enterprises reached 480 million yuan, an increase of 63.7%; Joint-stock cooperative enterprises reached 400 million yuan, an increase of 62.5%; Joint-stock enterprises reached 195.33 billion yuan, an increase of 11.1%; Foreign investors and businessmen from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan invested 14.78 billion yuan, an increase of 8.8%; Other domestic-funded enterprises reached 7.13 billion yuan, up by 10.1%. Among the top five industries with total profits, the manufacturing of chemical raw materials and chemical products was 21.79 billion yuan, an increase of 24.3%; Computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry reached 20.79 billion yuan, an increase of 28.7%; Non-metallic mineral products industry was 20.18 billion yuan, down 15.6%; The tobacco products industry was 13.21 billion yuan, an increase of 33.2%; The special equipment manufacturing industry was 12.79 billion yuan, down by 14.2%. The cost per 100 yuan of operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size is 83.26 yuan, and the profit rate of operating income is 4.85%. At the end of the year, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 51.4%.

The added value of the construction industry in the whole year was 417.49 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1% over the previous year. The total profit of general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises above qualification was 33.27 billion yuan, down by 7.8%. The building construction area was 761.601 million square meters, down by 0.3%. The completed building area was 239.885 million square meters, down by 0.2%.

Fourth, the service industry

The added value of wholesale and retail industry in the whole year was 478.71 billion yuan, an increase of 1.8% over the previous year; The added value of transportation, warehousing and postal services was 169.69 billion yuan, up by 0.6%; The added value of accommodation and catering industry was 95.15 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2%; The added value of the financial industry was 242.15 billion yuan, up by 6.2%; The added value of the real estate industry was 282.20 billion yuan, down by 3.9%; The added value of information transmission, software and information technology services was 115.38 billion yuan, an increase of 15.0%; The added value of leasing and business services was 159.74 billion yuan, up by 4.9%. The annual operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased by 7.8%, and the total profit increased by 7.5%.

The annual turnover of passenger and cargo transportation was 351.16 billion tons kilometers, down 2.7% from the previous year. The turnover of cargo transportation was 295.05 billion tons kilometers, an increase of 1.2%. Among them, the railway turnover was 101.56 billion tons kilometers, an increase of 2.9%; The turnover of highways was 146.50 billion tons kilometers, up by 0.3%. Passenger transport turnover was 78.10 billion person-kilometers, down by 22.9%. Among them, the railway turnover was 53.87 billion person-kilometers, down by 18.5%; Highway turnover was 14.66 billion person-kilometers, down by 25.0%; The turnover of civil aviation was 9.39 billion person-kilometers, down by 39.7%.

At the end of the year, the mileage of highways was 242,400 kilometers, an increase of 0.2% over the end of last year. Among them, the expressway mileage was 7330 kilometers, an increase of 247 kilometers. The operating mileage of railways was 6,078 kilometers, an increase of 2.9%. Among them, the high-speed railway is 2408 kilometers, an increase of 159 kilometers. The number of civilian vehicles was 11.064 million, an increase of 6.9%. Among them, the number of private cars was 10.308 million, an increase of 7.0%. The number of civilian cars was 6.1 million, an increase of 7.5%.

Table 2&ensp; In 2022, the total volume of passenger and cargo transportation completed by various modes of transportation and its growth rate

Total business volume of postal industry in the whole year[8]32.82 billion yuan, up 10.9% over the previous year; Total telecom service[9]66.69 billion yuan, an increase of 26.9%. At the end of the year, there were 5.487 million fixed-line users, down 3.5% from the end of the previous year; There were 71.806 million mobile phone users, an increase of 3.4%. By the end of the year, there were 24.751 million Internet broadband users, an increase of 6.5%.

There were 430 million domestic tourists in the whole year, an increase of 1.0% over the previous year; There were 77,000 inbound tourists, an increase of 10.6%. The total tourism revenue was 648.80 billion yuan, down by 0.9%. Among them, domestic tourism revenue was 648.64 billion yuan, down by 0.9%; International tourism revenue reached US$ 20 million, up by 21.8%.

V. Investment in fixed assets

Annual investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) increased by 6.6% over the previous year. Among them, private investment increased by 8.5%. In terms of economic types, state-owned investment decreased by 7.9% and non-state-owned investment increased by 11.2%. In terms of investment direction, investment in people’s livelihood projects increased by 3.2%, investment in ecological environment increased by 1.9%, investment in infrastructure increased by 8.0%, and investment in high-tech industries increased.[10]The growth rate was 22.4%, and the investment in industrial technological transformation increased by 4.6%. Regionally, investment in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan increased by 1.7%, investment in southern Hunan increased by 10.8%, investment in greater western Hunan increased by 7.8%, and investment in Dongting Lake increased by 9.1%.

The investment in real estate development in the whole year was 518.03 billion yuan, down 4.6% from the previous year. Among them, residential investment was 405.30 billion yuan, down 2.7%. The sales area of commercial housing was 67.929 million square meters, down by 26.1%. Among them, the residential sales area was 60.854 million square meters, down by 26.8%. The sales of commercial housing was 431.23 billion yuan, down by 28.6%. Among them, residential sales reached 380.01 billion yuan, down by 29.5%. At the end of the year, the area of commercial housing for sale was 12.213 million square meters, an increase of 750,000 square meters or 6.5% over the end of the previous year.

Table 3&ensp; Growth rate of fixed assets investment in 2022

VI. Domestic Trade and Prices

The total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole year was 1,905.07 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4% over the previous year. In terms of business locations, the retail sales of urban consumer goods was 1,646.64 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4%; The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 258.43 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8%. In terms of consumption types, the retail sales of commodities was 1,675.80 billion yuan, an increase of 2.6%; The catering revenue was 229.26 billion yuan, up by 1.0%. In terms of regions, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan reached 740.47 billion yuan, up by 2.4%. The total retail sales of social consumer goods in southern Hunan was 386.83 billion yuan, an increase of 2.7%; The total retail sales of social consumer goods in western Hunan was 340.60 billion yuan, an increase of 2.0%; The total retail sales of social consumer goods in Dongting Lake area was 437.17 billion yuan, an increase of 2.6%.

Table 4&ensp; Total retail sales of social consumer goods and its growth rate in 2022

The retail sales of wholesale and retail commodities above designated size reached 633.62 billion yuan, an increase of 8.8% over the previous year. By commodity category, the retail sales of grain, oil and food increased by 13.5%, cosmetics decreased by 20.9%, household appliances and audio-visual equipment decreased by 4.9%, Chinese and western medicines increased by 15.4%, communication equipment increased by 15.8%, petroleum and products increased by 15.7%, and automobiles increased by 5.9%. Among green smart goods, the retail sales of wearable smart devices increased by 7.9%, and new energy vehicles increased by 134.1%.

The annual online retail sales of physical goods reached 211.67 billion yuan, up by 14.5% over the previous year, accounting for 11.1% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods.

The annual consumer price rose by 1.8% over the previous year. Among them, cities rose by 1.7% and rural areas rose by 1.9%. The retail price of commodities rose by 3.2%. The ex-factory price of industrial producers rose by 2.0%, and the purchase price of industrial producers rose by 4.8%. Producer prices of agricultural products rose by 3.6%.

Table 5&ensp; The fluctuation range of consumer prices in 2022 compared with the previous year.

VII. Foreign Economy

Total annual import and export volume[11]705.82 billion yuan, up 20.2% over the previous year. Among them, exports reached 515.45 billion yuan, up by 25.3%; Imports reached 190.36 billion yuan, an increase of 8.3%. In terms of trade mode, the general trade export was 453.16 billion yuan, an increase of 30.5%; The export of processing trade was 38.57 billion yuan, down 3.4%. Among the key export commodities, mechanical and electrical products were 212.37 billion yuan, an increase of 18.3%; High-tech products reached 55.92 billion yuan, an increase of 12.2%. In terms of production and sales countries (regions), the export to the United States was 72.54 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8%; Exports to Hong Kong, China reached 52.93 billion yuan, up 2.6%; Export to EU[12]50.38 billion yuan, an increase of 7.8%; Exports to ASEAN reached 116.38 billion yuan, an increase of 68.5%; Exports to countries along the "Belt and Road" reached 212.11 billion yuan, an increase of 52.5%; Exports to other RCEP member countries reached 159.76 billion yuan, an increase of 49.0%.

Table 6&ensp; Total import and export volume and its growth rate in 2022

The actual use of foreign direct investment in the whole year was 3.53 billion US dollars, an increase of 46.1% over the previous year. Among them, the primary industry was $0.2 billion, down by 41.8%; The secondary industry was $1.17 billion, an increase of 214.8%; The tertiary industry was US$ 2.34 billion, up by 16.0%. One of the world’s top 500 enterprises was newly introduced. In fact, the domestic and foreign funds in place were 1,292.98 billion yuan, an increase of 14.6%. Among them, the primary industry was 67.54 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6%; The secondary industry was 695.96 billion yuan, an increase of 29.9%; The tertiary industry was 529.48 billion yuan, an increase of 0.4%. 1,515 major projects with contracts of more than 200 million yuan (foreign investment of 30 million US dollars) were introduced.

In the whole year, the newly signed contracts for foreign contracted projects amounted to US$ 2.48 billion, with a turnover of US$ 1.76 billion. 5,000 laborers of various types were dispatched. Foreign direct investment increased Chinese contract value by 2.68 billion US dollars, up by 226.4%. The actual amount of foreign direct investment was US$ 1.91 billion, up by 14.8%.

VIII. Finance and finance

The local general public budget revenue in 2001 was 310.18 billion yuan, down 4.6% from the previous year (the same caliber increased by 6.6% after deducting the tax rebate and other factors). Among them, the tax revenue was 200.45 billion yuan, down by 10.8%; Non-tax revenue was 109.73 billion yuan, an increase of 9.2%. Among tax revenue, domestic value-added tax was 54.15 billion yuan, down 31.0%; Enterprise income tax was 23.43 billion yuan, down 13.6%. The general public budget expenditure was 900.53 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2%. Among them, education expenditure was 150.25 billion yuan, an increase of 9.4%; Expenditure on social security and employment was 144.20 billion yuan, an increase of 9.9%; Health expenditure was 82.18 billion yuan, an increase of 11.1%; Expenditure on science and technology was 27.99 billion yuan, an increase of 28.8%; Expenditure on housing security was 22.34 billion yuan, up by 0.5%.

Table 7&ensp; Revenue and Expenditure of Local General Public Budget and Its Growth Rate in 2022

At the end of the year, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of financial institutions was 7,014.19 billion yuan, an increase of 11.5% over the end of the previous year. Among them, the balance of household deposits was 4,131.39 billion yuan, an increase of 16.3%; The balance of deposits of non-financial enterprises was 1,417.47 billion yuan, an increase of 2.6%. The balance of local and foreign currency loans was 6,235.15 billion yuan, up by 11.7%. Among them, the balance of household loans was 2,157.62 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8%; The loan balance of non-financial enterprises and government organizations was 4,049.89 billion yuan, an increase of 15.9%.

Table 8&ensp; The balance of local and foreign currency deposits and loans of financial institutions at the end of 2022 and its new increase.

At the end of the year, there were 138 listed companies in the province, and the total direct financing for the whole year was 367.89 billion yuan, down 17.0% from the previous year. At the end of the year, the total market value of A-share listed companies was 1,585.18 billion yuan, down 20.5% from the end of the previous year. At the end of the year, there were 434 business departments of securities companies, a decrease of 5; The annual securities transaction volume was 11,979.11 billion yuan, down by 1.6%. At the end of the year, there were 2 futures companies in the jurisdiction, which was the same as the end of last year; The annual turnover was 5,574.65 billion yuan, down by 21.9%.

In the whole year, the original insurance premium income of insurance companies was 161.37 billion yuan, an increase of 7.0% over the previous year. Among them, life insurance premium income was 81.78 billion yuan, an increase of 9.3%; Health insurance premium income was 32.85 billion yuan, an increase of 0.07%; Personal accident insurance premium income was 3.74 billion yuan, down 8.2%; Property insurance premium income was 43.01 billion yuan, up by 9.9%. The original insurance payment expenditure was 58.08 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8%.

IX. Education, Science and Technology

There were 116 colleges and universities at the end of the year. There are 29,000 graduates of postgraduate education, 449,000 graduates of ordinary higher education, 227,000 graduates of secondary vocational education, 425,000 graduates of ordinary high schools, 847,000 graduates of junior high schools and 903,000 graduates of ordinary primary schools. There were 2.16 million children in the park, down 5.8% from the previous year. Enrolment rate of primary school-age children[13]100%, the gross enrollment rate of high school education[14]94.47%。 There are 10,498 private schools with 2.38 million students. 1.38 billion yuan of national scholarships and grants were granted to college students, and 729,000 college students were assisted. 510 million yuan of state grants for secondary vocational schools were granted, and 514,000 secondary vocational students were assisted. We implemented 10.55 billion yuan of compulsory education guarantee funds and distributed 540 million yuan of state grants to ordinary senior high schools.

Table 9&ensp; The number of students enrolled, enrolled and graduated in schools at all levels and their growth rate in 2022

At the end of the year, there were 12 national engineering research centers (engineering laboratories) and 354 provincial engineering research centers (engineering laboratories). There are 42 national and local joint engineering research centers (engineering laboratories). There are 68 enterprise technology centers recognized by the state. There are 14 national engineering technology research centers and 523 provincial engineering technology research centers. There are 19 national key laboratories and 337 provincial key laboratories. During the year, 45,780 technical contracts were signed, with a turnover of 254.46 billion yuan. 1,086 scientific and technological achievements were registered. The number of patents granted was 92,916, down 6.1% from the previous year. Among them, the number of invention patents granted was 20423, an increase of 23.3%. The number of patents granted by industrial and mining enterprises, universities and scientific research units is 60706, 12763 and 836 respectively.

At the end of the year, there were 2135 inspection and testing institutions. Among them, there are 25 national product quality supervision and inspection centers. There are 104 legal metrological verification institutions. There are 2,005 special equipment production units and 493,000 special equipment. The qualified rate of supervision and spot check of key industrial products is 87.3%. Participated in the formulation of 6 international standards, 224 national standards and 284 local standards. 3,219 maps were published publicly, with 739,000 daily map users visiting and 730,000 geospatial data achievements provided.

X. Culture, Health and Sports

By the end of the year, there were 675 performing arts groups, 146 mass art museums and cultural centers, 144 public libraries and 162 museums and memorial halls. There are 108 radio and television stations (broadcasters). There are 5.85 million cable TV users. The comprehensive population coverage rate of broadcasting is 99.42%, and that of television is 99.76%. There are 137 national intangible cultural heritage protection catalogues and 410 provincial intangible cultural heritage protection catalogues. There are 11,608 kinds of books, 253 kinds of periodicals and 44 kinds of newspapers. The total print runs of books, periodicals and newspapers are 550 million, 90 million and 620 million respectively.

At the end of the year, there were 55,329 health institutions. Among them, there are 1,733 hospitals, 137 maternal and child health centers (institutes and stations), 70 specialized disease prevention hospitals (institutes and stations), 2,085 township health centers, 987 community health service centers (stations), 12,726 clinics, health centers and medical offices, and 36,128 village clinics. There were 517,000 health technicians, an increase of 2.1% over the previous year. Among them, there are 197,000 practicing doctors and assistant practicing doctors and 244,000 registered nurses. The hospital has 399,000 beds, an increase of 2.4%; Township hospitals have 109,000 beds, an increase of 2.6%.

There are 25.501 million people who regularly participate in physical exercise in the province, and 1178 national fitness programs have been carried out. There are 1100 new administrative villages for farmers’ physical fitness projects. Won 43 national championships throughout the year. There are 173,677 sports venues. Among them, there are 287 gymnasiums, 7,293 sports grounds, 1,200 swimming pools and 7,666 training rooms.

XI. Population, Residents’ Income, Consumption and Social Security

At the end of the year, the resident population of the province was 66.04 million. Among them, the urban population was 39.83 million, and the urbanization rate was 60.31%, an increase of 0.6 percentage points over the end of last year. The annual birth population was 412,000, with a birth rate of 6.23 ‰; The death population was 565,000, with a mortality rate of 8.54 ‰; The natural population growth rate is -2.31‰. The proportion of the population aged 0-15 (including those under 16) to the resident population was 19.52%, down by 0.67 percentage points; The proportion of people aged 16-59 (including those under 60) was 59.65%, down by 0.38 percentage points; The proportion of people aged 60 and over was 20.84%, an increase of 1.05 percentage points.

Table 10&ensp; Number and composition of permanent residents at the end of 2022

In the whole year, the per capita disposable income of residents in the province was 34,036 yuan, an increase of 6.4% over the previous year; The median per capita disposable income of residents in the province was 27,400 yuan, an increase of 6.1%. According to the place of permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 47,301 yuan, an increase of 5.4%; The median per capita disposable income of urban residents was 42,432 yuan, an increase of 5.6%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 19,546 yuan, an increase of 6.8%; The median per capita disposable income of rural residents was 17,583 yuan, an increase of 6.6%. The income ratio of urban and rural residents decreased from 2.45 in the previous year to 2.42. In terms of regions, the per capita disposable income of all residents in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan is 51,802 yuan, an increase of 5.9%; The per capita disposable income of all residents in southern Hunan is 31,500 yuan, an increase of 6.6%; The per capita disposable income of all residents in western Hunan was 23,611 yuan, an increase of 6.4%; The per capita disposable income of all residents in Dongting Lake area was 31,070 yuan, an increase of 6.5%. Poverty alleviation county[16]The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 14,714 yuan, an increase of 8.7%.

The per capita consumption expenditure of residents in the province was 24,083 yuan, an increase of 5.6% over the previous year. According to the permanent residence, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 29,580 yuan, an increase of 4.5%; The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 18,078 yuan, an increase of 6.6%.

In the whole year, 737,000 people were newly employed in cities and towns. At the end of the year, the number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents was 32.415 million, down 0.6% from the end of the previous year. The number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban workers was 18.929 million, an increase of 2.3%. Among them, there are 13.523 million employees and 5.406 million retirees. The number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents was 54.705 million, and the number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for urban workers was 10.527 million. The number of people participating in unemployment insurance was 7.239 million, an increase of 5.3%. The number of employees participating in industrial injury insurance was 8.943 million. The number of employees participating in maternity insurance was 7.236 million. At the end of the year, the number of employees receiving unemployment insurance was 148,000.

345,000 urban residents received the government’s minimum living guarantee, and 1.94 billion yuan of minimum living guarantee funds were distributed; 1.421 million rural residents received the government’s minimum living guarantee, and the minimum living guarantee fund was 5 billion yuan. At the end of the year, 270,000 beds were provided for residential civil administration institutions, and 120,000 people were adopted. Among them, there are 253,000 beds in the old-age care institutions and 112,000 people in the old-age care institutions. There are 32,000 community service institutions and facilities. In the whole year, we sold 5.85 billion yuan of social welfare lottery tickets and raised 1.87 billion yuan of welfare lottery funds. Successfully completed 10 key livelihood issues. Among them, 1,500 old urban communities were rebuilt, with an additional water storage capacity of 47.945 million cubic meters, and 339,000 pregnant women were screened free of charge.

XII. Resources, Environment and Safety in Production

147 kinds of minerals have been discovered and 113 kinds of minerals have been proved in the province. Among them, there are 7 kinds of energy minerals, 39 kinds of metal minerals, 65 kinds of non-metal minerals and 2 kinds of water and gas minerals. Five geological exploration projects (including continuation projects) (including provincial financial investment projects only) were funded by the government, and 11 large and medium-sized mineral areas were newly discovered.

In the whole year, the proportion of water quality sections meeting or better than Class III standards was 97.4%, an increase of 1.3 percentage points over the previous year. The air quality of eight municipal cities reached the second-class standard. The harmless treatment rate of municipal solid waste in the city is 100%. There are 53 nature reserves at or above the provincial level, covering an area of 906,000 hectares. Among them, 23 are national and 30 are provincial. There are 2 world geoparks and 14 national geoparks. The afforestation area was 331,000 hectares.

The comprehensive energy consumption of industrial enterprises above designated size decreased by 0.9% over the previous year. Among them, the comprehensive energy consumption of six high-energy-consuming industries decreased by 0.9%.

In the whole year, there were 1330 production and operation safety accidents, and 1428 people died in production and operation safety accidents. There were 0.03 deaths in accidents with GDP of 100 million yuan, and 0.005 deaths in millions of tons of coal mines. The number of deaths per 10,000 vehicles in road traffic accidents was 2.59, a decrease of 0.75 over the previous year.

&emsp;

Notes:

[1] The data in this bulletin are all preliminary statistics, and some data are not equal to the total of sub-items due to rounding.

[2] The absolute figures of regional GDP, added value of tertiary industries and related industries and per capita regional GDP are calculated at current prices, and the growth rate is calculated at constant prices.

[3] Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region refers to Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, southern Hunan refers to Hengyang, Chenzhou and Yongzhou, western Hunan refers to Shaoyang, Zhangjiajie, Huaihua, Loudi and Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, and Dongting Lake refers to Yueyang, Changde and Yiyang.

[4] High-tech manufacturing includes pharmaceutical manufacturing, aviation, spacecraft and equipment manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, computer and office equipment manufacturing, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing, and information chemicals manufacturing.

[5] Equipment manufacturing industry includes metal products industry, general equipment manufacturing industry, special equipment manufacturing industry, automobile manufacturing industry, railway, ship, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry, and instrument manufacturing industry.

[6] The output data of some products in 2021 were verified and adjusted, and the output growth rate in 2022 was calculated according to comparable caliber.

[7] Due to the changes in the scope of investigation stipulated in the statistical investigation system, statistical law enforcement, elimination of duplicate data and other factors, the growth rate and changes of financial indicators of industrial enterprises above designated size in 2022 are calculated according to comparable caliber.

[8] The total business volume of the postal industry is calculated at constant prices in 2020.

[9] The total telecom business is calculated at the constant price of last year.

[10] High-tech industry investment includes six categories of high-tech manufacturing investment and information services, e-commerce services, inspection and testing services, high-tech services in professional and technical services, R&D and design services, scientific and technological achievements transformation services, intellectual property rights and related legal services, environmental monitoring and governance services and other high-tech services, including pharmaceutical manufacturing, aviation, spacecraft and equipment manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, computer and office equipment manufacturing, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing.

[11] According to relevant regulations, foreign trade is denominated in RMB.

[12] The import and export amount of goods to the EU does not include the data of Britain, and the growth rate is calculated according to the comparable caliber.

[13] The enrollment rate of primary school-age children refers to the percentage of school-age children who have entered primary school within the scope of investigation to the total number of school-age children inside and outside the school.

[14] The gross enrollment rate of high school education mainly reflects the coverage of high school education, which means that the total number of students in high school accounts for the percentage of the school-age population aged 15-17.

[15] By the end of 2022, there were 11.99 million people aged 0-14 (including those under the age of 15) and 40.29 million people aged 15-59 (including those under the age of 60).

[16] Poverty-stricken counties in Hunan Province, that is, the original poverty-stricken areas in Hunan, including the original concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas and the original national poverty alleviation and development key counties outside the area, have a total of 40 counties.

Source:

The financial data in this bulletin comes from the Provincial Department of Finance; Railway transportation and mileage data are from China Railway Guangzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd., China Railway Nanning Bureau Group Co., Ltd., China Railway Nanchang Bureau Group Co., Ltd., China Railway Wuhan Group Co., Ltd. and Shichang Railway Co., Ltd.; The data of highway transportation, waterway transportation and highway mileage come from the Provincial Department of Transportation; The data of civil aviation transportation comes from Provincial Airport Management Group Co., Ltd. and China Southern Airlines Co., Ltd. Hunan Branch; Pipeline transportation data come from Changling Branch of China Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Changling Branch of China Petrochemical Group Asset Management Co., Ltd., Baling Petrochemical Branch of China Petrochemical Group Asset Management Co., Ltd., Hunan Oil Transportation Branch of Huazhong Branch of National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Network Group Co., Ltd., Changsha Xinao Gas Co., Ltd., Changsha China Resources Gas Co., Ltd., Xiangtan Xinao Gas Co., Ltd., Changde PetroChina Kunlun Gas Co., Ltd., Loudi China Resources Gas Co., Ltd., etc. Car ownership data comes from the provincial public security department; The data of telecom business volume, mobile phone users, fixed phone users and Internet broadband users come from the Provincial Communications Administration. The postal service data comes from the provincial postal administration; Deposit and loan data come from Changsha Central Branch of China People’s Bank; The data of listed companies come from the provincial local financial supervision administration; Securities and futures data come from Hunan Supervision Bureau of China Securities Regulatory Commission; The data of insurance industry comes from Hunan Supervision Bureau of Bank of China Insurance Regulatory Commission; Education data comes from the Provincial Department of Education; Science and technology data comes from the Provincial Science and Technology Department;Patent, quality inspection and industry standard data come from the Provincial Market Supervision Administration; Surveying and mapping, mineral resources data from the Provincial Department of Natural Resources; Data on the protection of art performance groups, museums, public libraries, cultural centers and intangible cultural heritage come from the Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism. Radio and television data come from the Provincial Radio and Television Bureau; The data of newspapers, periodicals and books come from the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee; Health data comes from the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee; Sports data comes from the provincial sports bureau; The data of new employment, social insurance and vocational skills training in cities and towns come from the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security. The data of medical insurance and maternity insurance come from the provincial medical insurance bureau; The data of urban and rural subsistence allowances, social welfare and community services come from the Provincial Civil Affairs Department; The data of water conservancy construction comes from the Provincial Water Resources Department; The data of aquatic product output and high-standard farmland construction come from the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Urban construction data comes from the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development; The data of nature reserves, geological parks and afforestation come from the Provincial Forestry Bureau. Surface water quality and air quality data come from the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment; Safety production data comes from the provincial emergency management department; Other data come from the Provincial Bureau of Statistics and the Hunan Investigation Corps of the National Bureau of Statistics.

　　The Office of the Leading Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control in Shanghai released information. According to the deployment of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council, the city will start the registration and appointment vaccination of Covid-19 vaccine for people aged 6-11 who live in the city according to the principle of informed voluntariness.

　　From 20: 00 on October 28th, Shanghai started to register and make an appointment for vaccination for people aged 6-11 who live in this city. Parents (guardians) can register an APPointment online through the "Healthy Cloud" app. After the appointment is successful, the child will go to the appointed inoculation point for vaccination accompanied by parents (guardians).

　　Foreigners aged 6-11, compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese will start vaccination in due course according to the relevant deployment arrangements.

　　At present, the Covid-19 inactivated vaccine produced by Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. and Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has been vaccinated with 2 doses of basic immunization.

　　If you have any questions about vaccination in Covid-19, you can call the Shanghai Health Hotline at 12320.

　　Hot Questions and Answers on Appointment Vaccination of COVID-19 Vaccine among People Aged 6-11

　　1. Why should people aged 6-11 be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　Vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine can obtain corresponding immunity, thus effectively reducing the risk of onset, severe illness and death; At the same time, children and adolescents will spread to the people around them after infection. Vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine is of great significance to strengthen the immune barrier of the population and block the epidemic in COVID-19.

　　2. Is it safe to vaccinate people aged 6-11 with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　According to the press conference of joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council, the inactivated Covid-19 vaccine produced by Sinopharm Zhongsheng Beijing Institute, Beijing Kexing Company and Sinopharm Zhongsheng Wuhan has carried out relevant clinical trials on people aged 3-17. After evaluation and demonstration, it is fully proved that it is safe to use in people aged 3-17.

　　3. What kind of Covid-19 vaccine did people aged 6-11 receive?

　　The relevant state departments have approved the emergency use of Covid-19 inactivated vaccine produced by Sinopharm Zhongsheng Beijing Institute, Beijing Kexing Company and Sinopharm Zhongsheng Wuhan among people aged 6-11. There are 2 doses of basic immunization, with an interval of 3-8 weeks. Inoculation route is intramuscular injection, and the best part is deltoid muscle outside the upper arm.

　　4. How to register an appointment?

　　You can download the "Healthy Cloud" App or enter the "Covid-19 Vaccination Service" area through the "Healthy Cloud Pro" WeChat applet, the "Follow the Bid" mobile terminal, the "Shanghai Release" and the "Shanghai CDC", select "Minors Registration", and parents (guardians) will make registration and appointment according to the operation steps.

　　For families without mobile phones, they can bring their ID cards to the health post in the street to print the vaccination bar code themselves, and then choose the designated vaccination point nearby to vaccinate themselves.

　　5. Where can I get the Covid-19 vaccine? The school and the place of residence are not in the same district. How to choose the inoculation point?

　　Parents (guardians) can choose an inoculation point near the school or the district where they live to make an appointment for their children. After registering through the "With the bid" and "Healthy Cloud" apps, they will see all the information of the inoculation points that can be reserved.

　　6. What are the contraindications for vaccination?

　　Inoculation contraindications for people aged 6-11 are the same as those for adults aged 18 and above. According to the Technical Guide for Vaccination in Covid-19 (First Edition), the usual taboos for vaccination include:

　　(1) those who are allergic to the active ingredients of the vaccine, any kind of inactive ingredients, substances used in the production process, or those who have been allergic to similar vaccines before;

　　(2) Those who have had severe allergic reactions to vaccines in the past (such as acute allergic reactions, angioneurotic edema, dyspnea, etc.);

　　(3) Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy and other serious nervous system diseases (such as transverse myelitis, guillain-barre syndrome, demyelinating diseases, etc.);

　　(4) People who are suffering from fever, acute diseases, acute attacks of chronic diseases, or uncontrolled patients with severe chronic diseases;

　　(5) Other taboos listed in the manual.

　　7. I have just received other vaccines recently, such as influenza vaccine and rabies vaccine. Can I get Covid-19 vaccine?

　　If you have been vaccinated with other vaccines, it is recommended to vaccinate Covid-19 vaccine every 14 days.

　　After vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine, it is suggested that the interval between vaccination and other vaccines should be at least 14 days. However, in case of dog bite or trauma, it is unnecessary to consider this interval when emergency vaccination with rabies vaccine, tetanus vaccine or immunoglobulin is needed. Specific information can be consulted on-site professionals at the inoculation point.

　　8. Can I get vaccinated if I feel uncomfortable on the day of the appointment?

　　If you have fever, cough, diarrhea and other unwell symptoms on the day of scheduled vaccination, it is recommended to suspend vaccination and make an appointment after recovery.

　　9. What should I pay attention to before vaccination? What materials do I need to carry when I am vaccinated?

　　Be careful not to have an empty stomach before vaccination, wear loose clothes to facilitate vaccination, carry necessary identity documents, vaccination certificates and other materials, and wear masks throughout the vaccination clinic. Recently, the temperature has turned cold, so parents must do a good job in keeping their children warm and cold.

　　If you take antipyretics, antiviral drugs and antibiotics before inoculation, please inform the doctor at the inoculation point.

　　Parents (guardians) are required to accompany the vaccinator, bring the vaccinator’s ID card or household registration book, and go to the appointed inoculation point for vaccination. Show the "vaccination barcode" at the scene, sign the "informed consent form" voluntarily, and vaccinate according to the staff’s instructions.

　　10. Are there any precautions after vaccination?

　　After inoculation, you can live, study and play normally, and you should pay attention to rest and avoid being too tired. Pay attention to a healthy and light diet and eat less seafood and other foods that are easy to induce allergies. Drink plenty of water on the day of inoculation, keep the local skin clean and avoid scratching the inoculation site with your hands. It is recommended not to do strenuous exercise within one week after inoculation. After vaccination, it is still necessary to take protective measures such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently and keeping social distance.

　　11. Do you need to avoid eating after vaccination?

　　After vaccination, doctors usually remind people not to eat irritating foods such as peppers and seafood such as fish and shrimp to reduce the discomfort and possible allergies caused by these foods. If you don’t have a history of allergies such as seafood and have eating habits such as peppers, you can eat them normally according to your usual eating habits. After vaccination, you can eat normally.

　　12. What are the possible adverse reactions of Covid-19 vaccination?

　　According to the results of clinical trials of Covid-19 vaccine and the information collected during its use, the common adverse reactions of Covid-19 vaccine are basically similar to those of other vaccines that have been widely used. Mainly for the inoculation site redness, induration, pain, etc., but also fever, fatigue, nausea, headache, muscle pain and so on. Generally, there is no need for special treatment. If necessary, contact the inoculation point, which will give disposal guidance.

　　Is there anything special to pay attention to when people aged 13.6-11 are vaccinated?

　　In view of the characteristics of 6-11-year-old people, such as young age and liveliness, all aspects should pay more attention to the children’s reactions at any time and create a relaxed, friendly and warm atmosphere as much as possible.

　　Is the vaccination for people aged 14.6-11 the same as that for adults?

　　Covid-19 vaccine for people aged 6-11 is exactly the same as Covid-19 vaccine for people in Hwa-Sung Do in terms of dosage, composition and immunization procedures.