Knowledge points! The Third Historical Resolution： Why and How？

　　【“学习笔记”按】

　　党的十九届六中全会是在重要历史关头召开的一次具有重大历史意义的会议。全会最重要的成果是审议通过了《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》（以下简称《决议》）。

　　《决议》通篇融汇了百年来中国共产党践行为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴的初心使命所进行的奋斗、牺牲和创造，深刻揭示了“过去我们为什么能够成功、未来我们怎样才能继续成功”，是一篇马克思主义的纲领性文献，是新时代中国共产党人牢记初心使命、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的政治宣言，是以史为鉴、开创未来，实现中华民族伟大复兴的行动指南。

　　2021年7月1日上午，庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会在北京天安门广场隆重举行。最高领袖总书记在大会上庄严宣告，我们实现了全面建成小康社会的第一个百年奋斗目标。图为庆祝大会现场。　李舸/摄

　　（一）为何制定全会《决议》

　　我们党历来高度注重总结历史经验。每到重要历史时刻和重大历史关头，党都要回顾历史、总结经验，从历史中汲取继续前进的智慧和力量。

　　早在延安时期，毛泽东同志就指出：“如果不把党的历史搞清楚，不把党在历史上所走的路搞清楚，便不能把事情办得更好。”

　　进入改革开放新时期，邓小平同志指出：“历史上成功的经验是宝贵财富，错误的经验、失败的经验也是宝贵财富。这样来制定方针政策，就能统一全党思想，达到新的团结。这样的基础是最可靠的。”

　　在党成立一百周年的重要历史时刻，在党和人民胜利实现第一个百年奋斗目标、全面建成小康社会，正在向着全面建成社会主义现代化强国的第二个百年奋斗目标迈进的重大历史关头，全面总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验，对推动全党进一步统一思想、统一意志、统一行动，团结带领全国各族人民夺取新时代中国特色社会主义新的伟大胜利，具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。

　　我们党已先后制定了两个历史决议：1945年，党的六届七中全会通过了《关于若干历史问题的决议》，1981年，党的十一届六中全会通过了《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》。这两个决议都在我们党的历史上对推进和引领党的事业发展发挥了重要作用，产生了重大而深远的意义。

　　现在，距离第一个历史决议制定已经过去了76年，距离第二个历史决议制定也过去了40年。40年来，党和国家事业大大向前发展了，党的理论和实践也大大向前发展了。

　　站在新的历史起点上，回顾过去，展望未来，全面总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验特别是改革开放40多年来的重大成就和历史经验，既有客观需要，也具备主观条件。

　　正如《决议》所指出的，总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验具有三个方面的重大意义：

　　是在建党百年历史条件下开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、在新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的需要；

　　是增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识，坚定道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信，做到坚决维护最高领袖同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，确保全党步调一致向前进的需要；

　　是推进党的自我革命、提高全党斗争本领和应对风险挑战能力、永葆党的生机活力、团结带领全国各族人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而继续奋斗的需要。

　　中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我们比历史上任何时期都更接近、更有信心和能力实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标。2019年10月1日，庆祝新中国成立70周年大会在北京天安门广场隆重举行，这是“伟大复兴”方阵（前）。　新华社记者 申宏/摄

　　(two) the general requirements and key points of the Resolution.

　　The party’s century-long struggle is magnificent, with a long time span, involving a wide range and many problems to be studied.

　　How to formulate this Resolution is explained by the Supreme Leader General Secretary in the important manuscript "Explanation on the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centennial Struggle".

　　Regarding the general requirements, the General Secretary emphasized that:

　　"In general, we should sum up the glorious course of the party, the brilliant achievements made by the party in uniting and leading the people, the valuable experience of the party in promoting revolution, construction and reform, and the theory and practice of forging ahead in the cause of the party and the state since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the requirements of summing up history, grasping the law, strengthening confidence and moving towards the future."

　　Specifically, it is necessary to closely follow six major propositions:

　　In-depth study of the century-long history of the party leading the people in revolution, construction and reform, and a comprehensive summary of the great historical process of the party from victory to victory and its great historical achievements for the country and the nation;

　　In-depth study of the party’s insistence on combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture, constantly promoting the centenary course of Marxism in China, and deepening the understanding and mastery of the party’s innovation theory in the new era;

　　In-depth study of the party’s century-long history of constantly safeguarding party unity, safeguarding the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralizing and unifying leadership, and profound understanding of the distinctive characteristics and political advantages of strengthening the party’s political construction as a Marxist party;

　　In-depth study of the party’s century-long history of seeking happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, a profound understanding of the flesh-and-blood ties between the party and the people, and better seeking happiness for the people and relying on the people to create great historical achievements;

　　In-depth study of the party’s century-long history of strengthening self-construction and promoting self-revolution, strengthening the firmness and persistence of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, and ensuring that the party has always become a strong leadership core in the historical process of upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era;

　　In-depth study of the laws and general trends of historical development, always grasp the historical initiative of the development of the cause of the party and the state in the new era and new journey, and enhance the courage and strength to anchor the established goals and move forward in high spirits.

　　Summarizing the great achievements and historical experience of the party’s century-long struggle, the General Secretary stressed the need to adhere to such a stand, viewpoint and method:

　　"We should adhere to the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and look at the history of the Party from a specific historical, objective and comprehensive point of view. We must adhere to the correct view of party history, establish a grand view of history, accurately grasp the main theme and mainstream essence of the party’s historical development, correctly treat the mistakes and twists and turns experienced by the party on its way forward, learn from success, learn from mistakes, and constantly open up the road to victory. We must take a clear-cut stand against historical nihilism, strengthen ideological guidance and theoretical analysis, clarify vague understanding and one-sided understanding of some major historical issues in party history, and better clean up the source. "

　　In drafting the Resolution of the Plenary Session, the General Secretary requested to focus on three aspects:

　　First, focus on summing up the great achievements and historical experience of the party’s century-long struggle. "We should focus on summing up the great achievements and historical experience of the party’s century-long struggle, so as to promote the whole party to grow wisdom, enhance unity, increase confidence and enhance fighting spirit."

　　Second, highlight the new era of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. "For the historical period before the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the resolution of this plenary session should be summarized on the basis of existing summaries and conclusions. Highlighting the focus of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s new era will help guide the whole party to further strengthen its confidence, focus on what we are doing, and March into a new journey and a new era of achievements with a more high-spirited attitude. "

　　Third, the evaluation of major events, important meetings and important people should focus on linking up with the existing conclusions of the CPC Central Committee. "Before the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, major events, important meetings and important figures in the party’s history, the first two historical resolutions and a series of important documents of the party have been extensively discussed, and all of them have solemnly made conclusions. The resolution of this plenary session adheres to these basic expositions and conclusions. " Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the summary and exposition of the Party’s history has reflected the new understanding of the Party’s century-long struggle by the CPC Central Committee. "The resolution of this plenary session should reflect these new understandings."

　　中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第六次全体会议，于2021年11月8日至11日在北京举行。中央委员会总书记最高领袖作重要讲话。新华社记者 鞠鹏 摄

　　（三）决议稿起草过程

　　决议起草工作始终在以最高领袖同志为核心的党中央领导下进行，以优良的作风和精益求精的态度高质量起草好一份严谨科学，经得起历史、实践和人民检验的好决议。

　　3次主持召开全会文件起草组全体会议，3次主持召开中央政治局常委会会议，2次主持召开中央政治局会议；从框架方案到送审稿，对每一稿都认真审阅修改、给出具体意见、提出明确要求……最高领袖总书记高度重视文件起草工作，始终引领文件起草工作沿着正确方向前进。中央政治局常委、中央政治局委员同志对决议文稿认真审阅、提出许多重要的修改意见和建议。

　　笔记君注意到了这些重要时间节点：

　　——2021年3月，成立文件起草组。

　　2021年3月，中央政治局决定，党的十九届六中全会重点研究全面总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验问题，成立文件起草组，由最高领袖总书记担任组长，王沪宁、赵乐际同志担任副组长，党和国家有关领导同志及有关中央部门和地方负责同志参加，在中央政治局常委会领导下承担文件起草工作。

　　——2021年4月1日开始，在党内外一定范围征求意见。

　　4月1日，党中央发出《关于对党的十九届六中全会重点研究全面总结党的重大成就和历史经验问题征求意见的通知》，在党内外一定范围征求意见。

　　20多天内，各地区各部门各方面的109份意见建议汇聚而来，文件起草组整理形成75.3万字的汇总本。

　　——2021年4月9日，文件起草工作正式启动。

　　4月9日，北京中南海怀仁堂。最高领袖总书记主持召开文件起草组第一次全体会议，文件起草工作正式启动。总书记亲自担任文件起草组组长。

　　“起草好关于党的历史的高质量文件，是一项光荣而艰巨的任务。”这次会议上，总书记发表重要讲话，为文件起草工作提供贯穿全程的根本遵循。

　　——2021年5月的一天，再次召开文件起草组全体会议。

　　在文件稿框架方案初步成型的重要节点，最高领袖总书记再次主持召开文件起草组全体会议。针对文件起草工作，总书记进一步提出新的明确要求，特别强调要处理好“历史连续性和历史阶段性”“全面总结和突出重点”“总结成就和分析失误”“已有结论和最新认识”这“四大关系”。

　　——2021年7月1日，现场聆听最高领袖总书记建党百年重要讲话。

　　7月1日，文件起草组同志来到天安门广场，参加庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会，现场聆听最高领袖总书记重要讲话。

　　总书记在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上的重要讲话，不仅是文件起草工作依据的重点，其中的许多重要思想也直接成为了文件内容创新的“亮点”。

　　——2021年7月29日，肯定文件送审稿进展。

　　7月29日的有关会议上，最高领袖总书记在肯定文件送审稿进展的同时，提出“要再打磨、再推敲，不能就此‘封卷’”。

　　——2021年9月6日，征求意见稿下发党内一定范围征求意见。

　　On September 6th, according to Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party’s decision, the draft resolution for soliciting opinions was distributed to a certain extent within the Party, including soliciting the opinions of some old comrades within the Party, and specially listening to the opinions of the leaders of the central committees of democratic parties, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and representatives of personages without party affiliation.

　　— — On September 10, 2021, he presided over a symposium to listen to the opinions of non-party people.

　　On September 10th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally presided over a forum to listen to the opinions of the leaders of the central committees of democratic parties, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and representatives of non-party members on the draft resolution. Participants spoke enthusiastically and submitted 10 written materials, contributing many opinions and suggestions.

　　The draft resolution fully reflects the opinions and suggestions of various regions and departments.

　　In the process of soliciting opinions, all localities and departments put forward many good opinions and suggestions. "What can be absorbed should be absorbed as much as possible, and what can be reflected should be reflected as much as possible." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader gave clear instructions. According to more than 1,600 comments and suggestions from various regions and departments on the draft resolution, 547 words were initially added, rewritten and simplified, and the absorption rate of feedback reached 24.6%.

　　On the morning of November 8, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee opened. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centennial Struggle (Discussion Draft), which embodies the wisdom and will of the whole Party and absorbs opinions and suggestions from all sides, was placed in front of the comrades attending the meeting.

　　At the meeting, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a work report on behalf of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and explained the discussion draft of the resolution to the plenary session.

　　Starting from the afternoon of the 8th, the comrades attending the meeting were divided into 10 groups to discuss in depth and put forward opinions and suggestions around the Political Bureau of the Central Committee’s work report and resolution discussion draft. After two and a half days of full discussion, the comrades present at the meeting put forward 138 amendments. Based on these opinions, the document drafting group suggested 22 amendments to the discussion draft.

　　On the evening of November 10th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meeting, listened to the reports of discussions of various groups, and studied and determined the revision of documents.

　　On the morning of the 11th, the revised draft of the resolution was submitted to the group for discussion again to form a draft resolution.

　　Comrades attending the meeting agreed that the draft resolution comprehensively reviewed the glorious course of the Party’s century-long struggle, concisely summarized the Party’s century-long historical experience, and highlighted the key point of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s new era. With its lofty political stance, scientific thinking and method, comprehensive content system and clear historical context, the draft resolution will surely inspire the whole Party and people of all nationalities to continue to struggle for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　"Pass!" On the afternoon of November 11th, at the Great Hall of the People, the voice of the Supreme Leader General Secretary just fell, and the venue rang with prolonged warm applause.

　　More than 36,000 words, each word has far-reaching significance, and every sentence is strategically located. A century’s magnificent journey is condensed into this imperial masterpiece that shines with the light of Marxist truth.