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　　Authors: Liu Chuqun and Xia Xuesheng (professors and doctoral students of Jiangxi Normal University respectively)

　　editorial comment/note

　　The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the traditional Chinese festival "Double Ninth Festival", and it is also the "China Elderly Festival". In recent years, China’s population aging presents the situation and characteristics of large quantity, fast speed, great difference and heavy task. The state has issued a series of development plans, and defined the strategic objectives and implementation steps of active aging. The language life of the elderly is related to their quality of life and physical and mental health. It is the basic condition for the elderly to enjoy a happy old age and needs more social attention.

　　Li Na/painting

　　Aging has a global trend in contemporary times; Caring for the life of the elderly is a topic of universal significance. China is a country with a large population of elderly people, with the population over 60 years old reaching 260 million. The fourth sampling survey on the living conditions of the elderly in urban and rural areas of China shows that the living conditions of the elderly in China are generally good. The family status of the elderly is relatively stable, and their independence and discourse power are high; Living conditions are good, most of them have independent rooms, and the electrical equipment in the rooms is relatively modern; There are various leisure ways, including traveling, chess and cards, reading books and newspapers, walking and chatting, planting flowers and keeping pets, etc. Neighborhood relations are harmonious, and they often walk around and help each other.

　　The above survey reflects the overall living conditions of the elderly, but it still lacks the necessary attention to the language life, the core content of the elderly life. Language life, in short, is all kinds of social activities and personal activities carried out by using language as a bridge. The quality of language life has an important influence on the living conditions, quality of life, mental state, mental health and physical and mental pleasure of the elderly.

　　　Language living conditions of the elderly

　　In order to understand the real language life of the elderly, the author’s research group conducted a survey in more than 30 cities and rural areas in Jiangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Chongqing and other provinces and cities in August 2022, and received 455 valid questionnaires. Among the questionnaire samples, 48% were male and 52% were female. Rural areas account for 46%, and urban areas account for 54%. Among them, 31% of urban elderly people come from rural areas to cities to help their children look after their children and do housework. 30% are 60 ~ 65 years old, 25% are 66 ~ 70 years old, 18% are 70 ~ 75 years old, 11% are 76 ~ 80 years old, 11% are 81 ~ 85 years old, and 5% are over 86 years old. Primary school education or below accounts for 60%, secondary school education (technical secondary school) education accounts for 31%, and university education or above accounts for 9%. On the whole, the respondents are low-educated and most of them are under 80 years old.

　　The survey found that there are some obvious deficiencies in the language life of some elderly people. In terms of language ability, most elderly people do not have language barriers in social interaction, but there are still 37% elderly people who often have language barriers caused by dialect differences in interpersonal communication outside their families. In terms of communication objects, the communication objects of the elderly in their daily lives are mainly middle-aged and elderly people, and the communication with young people, especially teenagers, is obviously insufficient. 83% of the elderly rarely communicate with teenagers, and 60% of the elderly even communicate with their children and grandchildren. 70% of the elderly said there was a generation gap in communication with middle-aged people, and 88% said there was a generation gap in communication with teenagers. In terms of speaking time and willingness to communicate, 46% of the elderly said that the daily speaking time was less than before, and 43% of the elderly said that their willingness to actively communicate was lower than before. In terms of network communication, many elderly people will use their mobile phones for shopping, information inquiry, social chat, entertainment, etc., and 41% of the elderly people interviewed said that they only use their mobile phones to make phone calls and can hardly do anything else; The elderly who can use WeChat account for 47%, but only 5% can use Weibo, email and other network applications. The vast majority of the elderly (88%) are still used to using the telephone to communicate. In terms of understanding buzzwords and new words, only 1% of the respondents said they were familiar with them, and 84% said they basically didn’t know them.

　　The survey results show that the limitations of the language life of contemporary elderly people are mainly as follows: cross-dialect communication is difficult, communication with younger generations is less, there is a generation gap with young people, the speaking time is reduced, the willingness to speak is reduced, digital products and new media are not familiar enough, and there is a distance between them and popular language and culture.

　　Physical and mental changes are important constraints.

　　Most elderly people are eager to keep up with the pace of language life, but some elderly people are unwilling to actively participate in social language life because of various objective conditions and subjective reasons.

　　Physical aging leads to the decline of cognitive ability and language ability, such as listening, vision, memory, pronunciation ability, vocabulary retrieval ability, topic control ability, fluency of language output, complexity of syntactic use, accuracy of language understanding, etc., which all decline with age, which makes the elderly (especially the very old) have practical difficulties in language use in social communication.

　　The change of social role has influenced the language living environment and wishes of the elderly. Everyone has to play many social roles in his life. These roles are usually arranged continuously, and each role is associated with a certain age or life stage. Aging will lead to the loss or interruption of some roles. For example, the elderly will change from the leading role of family, unit and society to a supporting role or even "no corner", which often becomes an important reason why some elderly people are unhappy or even self-enclosed. The elderly constitute a sub-cultural group. Members in the group can find a common language, and it is easier to know and realize themselves. However, there is a clear psychological distance from people outside the group, so the elderly often lack the subjective motivation to communicate with young people, and sometimes even deliberately avoid communicating with young people.

　　In addition, many elderly people who go to the city with their children have problems such as unfamiliar environment, few social opportunities caused by dialect barriers, single conversation object and narrow conversation topics, which may lead to intangible isolation and inner loneliness of the elderly, thus making them lack of healthy and colorful language life.

　　Work together to optimize the language life of the elderly

　　Physical aging is a natural law, but the psychological state can be adjusted. Only by overcoming the obstacles of subjective psychology can the elderly live a good language life, and families and society need to create convenient conditions for the elderly to live a good language life.

　　First, get rid of self-enclosed psychology and take the initiative to participate in communication.Old age is the most mature stage in life, with rich life experience and social experience, and accumulated a lot of tangible and intangible knowledge wealth. Schopenhauer, a philosopher, believes that the experience of the elderly gives them a holistic perspective to control the overall situation. Old people think comprehensively and deal with problems carefully, and can truly be far-sighted and far-sighted; The elderly are highly respected, deeply emotional and willing to contribute, and often become the core and pillar of units, collectives and families. The transformation of social roles has its objective inevitability. The elderly can actively participate in other forms of social interaction and reconstruct the new roles that are most suitable for them. This is the only magic weapon for the elderly to re-recognize themselves, maintain their vitality and improve their happiness index.

　　Second, actively carry out study and training to improve language ability.The elderly can choose appropriate language learning and training contents and methods according to their own basic conditions and hobbies. The common ones are: (1) Reading poems and prose aloud, which will not only help to exercise the function of pronunciation system, but also cultivate the body and mind. (2) Persist in reading and analyze some long and difficult sentences properly, so as to enhance the language processing ability. (3) Insist on telling stories, exercise memory ability and improve narrative ability. (4) Learning a second language can delay the decline of cognitive ability and language ability of the elderly. Many surveys show that, as one of several non-pharmacological strategies to improve the aging process and reduce aging defects, language learning training is not only helpful to improve the cognitive function and self-esteem of the elderly, increase social opportunities, but also significantly improve the sense of accomplishment and happiness of the elderly. It is a very important psychological treatment and rehabilitation tool.

　　Third, cross the digital divide and promote communication.Facing the dazzling application of mobile phones in the digital age, many elderly people fall into a deep digital divide, and travel, shopping, medical treatment, communication and access to information are greatly restricted. In fact, digital products also have their humanized side, and many mobile phone applications have launched old-age versions and large-character versions. Active use of digital products is of great help to the daily communication and language learning of the elderly, and can even become a "treasure chest" to delay aging. The elderly who have eliminated the digital barrier not only have a more convenient life, but also greatly enhance their self-confidence, and have a closer psychological distance with young people. For example, the elderly who often use friends circle and video chat have a fuller life, are more familiar with the joys and sorrows of young people, and also let young people know more about their hobbies, which invisibly enhances the feelings between generations.

　　Fourth, multi-parties care together to optimize the language life of the elderly.Respecting and loving the elderly is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation. An important way to practice the tradition is to help the elderly live a good daily life, including language life. In the family, young people should pay more attention to the psychological needs of their elders, introduce more anecdotes in life, and encourage the elderly to talk more and communicate more. If possible, they can also write memoirs, and don’t show boredom with the "nagging and nagging" of the elderly; Children and grandchildren who have lived in other places for many years can actively contact the elderly with the help of convenient modern communication means, which not only urges the elderly to talk more, but also makes the life of the elderly, especially the elderly living alone, less monotonous, and promotes the elderly to skillfully use digital products and promote the high-quality development of their language life. All enterprises, institutions and grass-roots communities should implement the national policy for the development of the cause of the elderly, provide convenient and suitable venues for the elderly, actively organize various cultural and sports activities for the elderly, and guide the elderly to go out often, make friends and chat more, so as to keep their body and mind happy. Academic circles should strengthen the research on the language of the elderly, explore the language characteristics of all kinds of elderly people and the language skills of communicating with them. In a word, the common care of the elderly by families, social organizations and academic circles is an indispensable external condition to ensure the elderly to live a good language life.

　　The living conditions of the elderly are an important indicator to measure social governance and social civilization. Living a good language life for the elderly is the basic condition for the elderly to enjoy a happy old age, which not only requires the elderly to participate in social activities with a positive attitude and actively integrate into the ever-changing times, but also requires all sectors of society to pay attention to caring for the elderly and create a warm family and social atmosphere for the elderly. "Mo Dao Sang Yu is late, and the twilight is still full of sky." Old age is a long life course, and no one can bypass this journey. May all old friends enjoy this wonderful sunset happily.

On April 21st, Beijing time, let’s take a look at the latest situation of European football.

Manchester United went away to Seville 0-3, and the total score was 2-5.

In the second round of the Europa League quarter-final, Maguire and Degea gave gifts one after another. In the end, Manchester United lost to Seville 0-3 away and went out with a total score of 2-5. Manchester United were eliminated from the European Games for six consecutive seasons by La Liga teams, including three by Seville.

Juventus 1-1 away to Portugal Sports, with a total score of 2-1.

In the second round of the Europa League quarter-final, Rabiot scored a goal and sent a point. In the end, Juventus drew 1-1 away from Portugal Sports and still advanced with a total score of 2-1. According to statistics, this is the 22nd time in the history of Juventus team to break into the European semi-finals, ranking first in Serie A and second only to Emperor Rensa in Europe.

Rome 4-1 at home to Feyenoord, with a total score of 4-2.

In the second round of the Europa League quarter-final, Rome conceded the goal in the 80th minute, and the total score was 1-2 behind. Dibala scored a life-saving goal in the 89th minute, which abruptly dragged the game into overtime. In extra time, Roma defeated Feyenoord 4-1 with goals from Sharawi and pellegrini, and reversed the promotion with a total score of 4-2.

Leverkusen away to San Giros 4-1, with a total score of 5-2.

In the second round of the Europa League quarter-final, Hlozek and Barker crossed the ball, Diaby and Frimpong each scored a goal, and Leverkusen beat the Belgian team Saint-Giros 4-1 away, and advanced with a total score of 5-2.

Under the leadership of young Alonso, Leverkusen returned to the European semi-final after 21 years. The last time they reached the European semi-final was in the Champions League in 2001/02. In the last 12 games, Leverkusen remained unbeaten with 8 wins and 4 draws. The last time they lost was 2-3 Mainz in the Bundesliga in February this year.

In the UEFA, Florence lost 2-3 away and still advanced with a total score of 6-4. While Basel eliminated Nice with a total score of 4-3. Alkmar beat Andre Laichter 4-1 on penalties and advanced 6-3 on aggregate. West Ham United beat Ghent 4-1 away and advanced 5-2 with a total score.

Serie A became the biggest winner. Together with AC Milan and Inter Milan in the Champions League, a total of five teams entered the European semi-finals, which is the first time in history. The French team was completely annihilated. This is the first time since 2019 that no French team has advanced to the semi-finals of the European War.

Xinhua News Agency, Rome, October 30 (Li Mengqing) The 10th round of Italian Football League ended on the 30th. Lazio beat Florence with a penalty in stoppage time, with a countdown of 1:0. Atalanta beat Empoli 3-0 away, and Scamacca contributed two goals and one assist for the team.

The "Blue Eagle" played against the "Viola". In the 13th minute, Florence striker beltran scored a goal, but it was ruled that the handball was first and the goal was invalid. In the 16th minute, his header hit the post again. Since then, both sides have tried to shoot one after another, but the score of 0-0 lasted until stoppage time. Lazio’s Vecino headed the goal, but I didn’t expect milenkovic to open his arm and stop the ball at the crucial moment. This was an obvious hand ball, and the referee decisively awarded a penalty. Inmobile hit a penalty, helping Lazio beat their opponents with a 1:0 countdown, and Serie A won three consecutive victories.

Atalanta dominated the game against Empoli, and Scamacca’s performance was very eye-catching from the beginning of the first half. In the 5th minute, he received lukman’s assist and hit the ball with his heel, winning the first prize. In the 29th minute, Scamacca sent a cross to teammate Cooper Menas, who pushed the goal in the restricted area to expand the visiting team’s lead.

Yi Bian fought again, and Scamacca received De Roon’s dexterous assist, and volleyed at the edge of the restricted area to break the goal, and finally Atalanta won 3-0. (End)

Live on November 3 rd, in the second stage of the Olympic preliminaries, the Korean women’s football team advanced to the top of Group B, while the Chinese and Korean women’s football teams were out of the group. As for the reasons for the gap between the strength of Korean women’s football team and that of China’s women’s football team, as well as the candidates for the women’s football coach position in China in the future, Football Daily published an analysis and gave some suggestions.

The living environment of Korean women’s football team is not clear to the outside world, but we know that there are no players studying abroad, and they all play in local leagues. One question is, is the level of Korean leagues higher than that of women? If so, doesn’t that mean that the league we have worked so hard to build is just a show?

But that’s the answer. Although the women’s super clubs didn’t get the bonus of "Jinyuan Football" in those years, most of them can survive now with government background. Moreover, because they undertake the task of the National Games, they are still valued to some extent, at least they won’t be easily abandoned. But the cruel fact is that the training level of the clubs, including women’s super clubs, is really not good, or even worse than that of the sports teams in those years.

The root cause is closely related to the level of coaches. An insider said: China’s local coaches prefer the men’s Super League, China A, China B and the echelon, and only when there is no place to go will they choose the women’s football team. Their level is not high, and even the coaches in the women’s football team are even lower. Even so, these coaches are highly mobile and can’t stay. So, will the players taught by this kind of coach have a future? Or "usable"?

At present, there are several options for the future women’s football coach. One is to keep water to celebrate the summer; The second is to hire foreign coaches; The third is to choose local male coaches.

The three choices have their own reasons and disadvantages, but what the China Football Association should remember is that the women’s football team has been tossing and turning, and foreign coaches have invited it. The men have Bruno and Eyjolfsson, and the women have domanski and Elizabeth. The only successful one is Bruno. Unfortunately, because of the poor record in the warm-up match, the China Football Association and others dismissed it, resulting in FIFA; Local men’s coaches have also been used, such as Zhang Haitao and Pei Encai in the early days, Li Xiaopeng and Hao Wei later, and Jia Xiuquan recently. It is true that Ma Yuanan and Ma Liangxing have found the right pulse and are close to success, but what they do now may not be suitable.

Therefore, the future China women’s football team, the coach must "fit" or "adapt", but what kind of fit? This requires Song Kai and representatives from all aspects of the women’s football community to conduct in-depth research and communication, and listen to opinions widely. If Shuiqingxia does not stay, Japanese coach is actually a good choice.

(Driesen)

The 21st century is a highly information-based era. The appearance of the Internet makes the information spread more quickly and conveniently in the whole country and even the whole world. However, due to the lack of strong planning and management of the network environment, we are often blinded by false statements while receiving effective information.

In particular, some famous experts and scholars, any comments they make on the Internet will be regarded as authoritative theories, so they should be more cautious to avoid misleading the world.

Friends who like history should be familiar with the name Yi Zhongtian. He was invited to explain the history of the Three Kingdoms period in the column of Lecture Room. His vivid and interesting way of telling the story in the program was profound and three-dimensional, which left a deep impression on people.

He has gradually become a popular historical and cultural celebrity, and even become an enlightener of many young people’s history and culture.Because he has his own views and attitudes towards history, he has been caught in the storm of public opinion over the years because of many remarks.

Yi Zhongtian has repeatedly said in public that "China has been up and down for five thousand years" is actually inaccurate.According to academic research, 5,000 years refers to the span of Chinese culture, not the time when Chinese civilization existed.

Culture and civilization, the word difference, but the meaning is far from each other.Yi Zhongtian also wrote "Our Destiny and Choice for 3,700 Years" when talking about Chinese civilization in his book "The History of China in Yi Zhongtian".Then where did he come from when he said this time of 3.7 thousand years?

The reason why Yi Zhongtian put forward such a view is actually drawing lessons from western scholars’ saying: "The establishment of a country is the premise of the origin of civilization, and the appearance of cities is the symbol of the establishment of a country".

In the study of history, to determine whether a civilization exists, the most important thing is to have cultural relics of this period, followed by historical documents. This research view has been recognized as an "international consensus".

In the view of western scholars, Chinese civilization originated from Shang Dynasty, and Xia Dynasty before Shang Dynasty did not necessarily exist, because no cultural relics about Xia Dynasty have been unearthed in China.

There are few documents about the Xia Dynasty, and there has never been any records of the Xia Dynasty in Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in the Shang Dynasty adjacent to it. Therefore, western scholars have always denied that the Xia Dynasty ever existed, and it was not until the excavation of Erlitou cultural site that it was confirmed that the Xia Dynasty did exist.

The Erlitou site has a history of about 3,700 years after textual research. Yi Zhongtian also stated in his book that he took Erlitou culture as the boundary before the origin of Chinese civilization, which is also an important basis for his proposal that Chinese civilization is only 3,700 years old.

However, the exploration of history is endless. Because of the long time, there are many historical relics that we are difficult to discover, but it does not mean that they have never existed at all. As a famous scholar of history and culture, Yi Zhongtian has repeatedly denied that China’s 5,000-year history is indeed too arbitrary and one-sided.

Where did the well-known saying "China has been up and down for five thousand years" come from?? The Historical Records compiled by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty recorded the history of nearly 3,000 years from the Huangdi period to the Emperor Wudi’s period, and the Emperor Wudi has a history of nearly 2,000 years so far, so the history of Chinese civilization of 5,000 years can be completely recognized.

Although "Historical Records" is mixed with many personal opinions of Sima Qian, according to Sima Qian, "Historical Records" is"The words of a hundred schools of thought make a family.".

He traversed mountains and rivers, read local customs, and compiled all historical materials, experiences and feelings. It can indeed be called a change from ancient times to modern times, and his credibility is very high.

Some historians in the west also affirmed whether the Chinese civilization existed for five thousand years. The former Soviet historian Stuart Luwei mentioned something about China in his book "The Ancient East".

He once wrote in his book that "China has a history of 10,000 years", and Hegel once said: "China is the oldest country in the world, and the origin of world history should start with the history of China".

Yi Zhongtian also denied the historical facts recorded in the two works, Shangshu and Guoyu, which exist today, and then denied the history of Chinese civilization 3,700 years ago.

However, historians maintain a strict skeptical attitude towards civilizations with clear literature records but no unearthed cultural relics, and will not easily deny the existence of these historical civilizations, but leave those that cannot be verified for the time being to future generations for textual research.Yi Zhongtian’s statement is actually extremely disrespectful to historical documents.

Yi Zhongtian once said, "Civilization contains three elements, namely philosophy, religion and art",China’s ancient works such as River Map, Luoshu and Fuxi Bagua depict the ancient people’s understanding of the natural landscape by watching the sun, the moon and the stars, and are full of philosophical thoughts of the connection between man and nature.

The totem culture worshipped by the early tribes is also the embryonic form of religious belief, and these things have a history of at least 7 thousand years.

The Hemudu cultural site found in the Yangtze River valley, the Banpo cultural site found in the Yellow River valley and the Dawenkou cultural site have a history of at least 6,000 years. A large number of bones, jade, wood and pottery were unearthed in these early cultural sites.

Among them, painted pottery is the most famous, with various shapes, exquisite and meticulous patterns and colorful and heavy colors.Aren’t these real works of art the real evidence of the existence of Chinese civilization?

According to Yi Zhongtian’s definition of civilization, Chinese civilization should exist for at least 6,000 to 7,000 years. However, there is no documentary record of these cultures, and Chinese civilization is defined as about 5,000 years with real records, which also maintains the humble attitude of China people.

However, no matter how to define the existence time of Chinese civilization, it will not only be 3,700 years as Yi Zhongtian said.Yi Zhongtian’s own remarks before and after are self-contradictory, even difficult to justify.

At present, it is a democratic and open era, and everyone has the right to express his own opinions.Yi Zhongtian, as a public figure, should be responsible for what he said, and should not be the fuse to mislead people to interpret history.

The responsibility of cultural celebrities is not only to spread the true historical facts and culture to the public, but also to spread a positive attitude towards life and become a civilized benchmark for the public.

As a historian, we should be more modest and prudent. Although the real cultural relics we can explore now can only be traced back to about 3,700 years ago, with the passage of time, science and technology have made progress.

Maybe at some time in the future, we will unearth the sites of earlier civilization and break the current speculation about the Yao, Shun and Yu era.We need to respect and revere history.Taking advantage of a moment’s talk and jumping to conclusions will often only make you not recognized.

Selected previous issues:

The invisible young richest man in Jiangsu, with a net worth of 120 billion, almost matched Wang Jianlin, and Clinton personally attended the wedding.

The body of a monk in Handan temple will not rot for thousands of years. Experts shot it with X-rays, and the conclusion was unexpected.

Huang Yunyi, a pocket beauty, dropped out of junior high school to send her brother to school, and now she is a "special model" with an annual income of one million.

Disclaimer: If the content of the article involves the content of the work, copyright and other issues, please contact this number within 30 days, and we will delete the content at the first time. The article only provides reference and does not constitute any investment and application suggestions.

After the news that the main players of China football team were injured in Thailand came out, it caused extensive controversy and discussion. According to media reports, Titipan, the main midfielder of Thailand team, needs a long recovery period of at least 8 months because of tearing the anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament of his knee. The striker of Thailand, Dangda, also missed at least four weeks due to injury, making it difficult for him to play against China on November 16th. In this regard, Soccer reported that China became the winner because Thailand lost important players before the preliminaries. However, such a report attracted a lot of fans’ scolding. Some fans said that China football now needs to rely on the injury of its opponent to win, which is really disgusting. They think that the football level in China is so low that it has fallen to the point where people want to be injured or even sent off, which is really worrying.

There are also fans who believe that the China men’s soccer team seems unable to win no matter whether the main players of Thailand are injured or not. They are pessimistic about the future of football in China, and think that China can’t win against Japanese teams and strong European teams, and they are still discussing how to beat Thailand and Vietnam, which is ridiculous. However, some fans are optimistic about China football. They believe that the China team can play its own strength in the face of stable opponents. They mentioned the fierce confrontation between the Japanese team and the European powers, and thought that China could meet the challenges of Thailand and Viet Nam as long as it played steadily. In any case, China Football got some good news in the news that the main players of Thailand were injured. Fans have different expectations and views on the performance of China team.

Whether optimistic or pessimistic, only when the China team can prove its strength in the competition can the fans have more confidence in it.

The above contents and materials are all from the internet, and the relevant data, and the theoretical research is based on the internet data, does not mean that the author agrees with the laws, rules, opinions and behaviors in the article and is responsible for the authenticity of the relevant materials. I am not responsible for any problems arising from the above or related issues, and the author of this article does not bear any direct or indirect legal responsibilities.

1. What are the benefits of swimming to improve muscle quality?

With the increase of age, human muscle tissue will gradually lose. Studies show that the older you are, the faster you lose muscle tissue. The loss of muscle tissue, on the one hand, leads to the decline of muscle strength, on the other hand, leads to the decline of body metabolic rate, slowing down energy consumption and increasing the proportion of fat. Swimming is a full-body exercise. Compared with other sports, it can mobilize more muscles to participate in metabolism and energy supply. Although swimming can’t build thick and strong muscles, it can improve muscle strength and coordination, especially trunk, shoulder straps and upper limb muscles. Swimming in water needs to overcome great resistance. Long-term swimming exercise can improve muscle strength, speed, endurance and joint flexibility. Swimming can achieve the same effect as resistance training in slowing down muscle tissue loss.

2. What are the benefits of swimming to keep joints healthy?

When arthritis patients swim in water, the water will produce a kind of mechanical stress on human joints, which plays a good massage role and relaxes the stiff joints. When swimming, each joint does not have to exert continuous force as usual, and the impact force on the joints during exercise is much smaller than that on land, so all joints can relax and rest, which is helpful to the regression of inflammation and functional rehabilitation.

3. What are the benefits of swimming to improve endocrine disorders?

Women in modern cities are under great pressure, and problems such as work and family often have adverse effects on women’s endocrine. Swimming can improve endocrine disorders, reduce anxiety, make people feel more peaceful, and make their skin smoother and more beautiful, all of which make women more attractive in sexual life.

4. What are the benefits of swimming to enhance cardiopulmonary function?

Girls who have been swimming for a long time have better cardiopulmonary function for the average person. This is because the heart blood reflux speed is greatly improved due to the massage effect of the water flow on the horizontal human body, and the whole body exercise strengthens the blood transfusion to the heart and brain, which is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, when swimming, the burden of respiratory muscles is greatly increased, and the water pressure of 12-15 kg presses the whole brain cavity, which is helpful to increase the vital capacity.

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Image source @ vision china

Wen | Wu Wei, author | Aowei Consulting

For a long time, domestic beauty products, which are popular with cost performance and strong marketing, have been polarized in word of mouth.

Supporters believe that it is not easy to break through the strong blockade of international big names and compete for the first place in the era of social media development; Critics believe that catching up with the free ride in the traffic era, domestic beauty products have enjoyed an early dividend. Once the industry returns to rationality, the ability of players with too smooth fortune in the early stage to bear pressure in the later stage is uncertain.

A positive conclusion is that from 2019 to 2020, the domestic beauty cosmetics have gone through the initial rough times, and the focus of the next stage is that when it comes to products and brands, domestic beauty cosmetics still have the ability to compete with international brands.

Some players have chosen a more radical path, such as the Perfect Diary: SKUs are constantly innovating and making big acquisitions to quickly adapt to this butterfly-changing market and consumers; Some players have also adopted a more secure style of play, and Hua Xizi has worked hard on brand building and product design.

If we look from the downstream of the industry to the upstream, we will find that not only the brands standing in the spotlight, but also the upstream manufacturers are constantly updating iteratively. It can be said that in addition to strong marketing and cost performance, domestic beauty products have precipitated unique value advantages in these years of exploration, so that they are fully catching up with the first-line big names in the whole cycle of products and the whole link of the value chain.

Still the same question, if the potential energy of a certain link involved in marketing and production is strong enough, is the potential energy of this link strong enough to support a game of chess or the reversal of the right to speak? This reversal does not lie in the occasional explosion, but in the long-term ability to produce new products and brand loyalty that always occupies consumers’ minds.

And domestic beauty cosmetics must also face some hidden diseases in the continuous high pressure. A lot of hot money flows into channels and marketing, and how much money is left for products and research and development.If we can’t achieve innovation at the basic science level, the seemingly solid barrier of the brand is likely to be broken by the next big brand.

We take the whole product cycle as the foothold, go deep into every link to disassemble, and try to answer how far the domestic beauty cosmetics have gone on the road to PK with international brands besides being fast.

The public knows the "fast" of domestic beauty cosmetics.

Just as fast fashion broke the shackles of traditional fashion, and then it was surpassed by ultra-fast fashion, the changing and subdivided needs of young consumers put forward higher requirements for brands. On the one hand, they need to constantly introduce new products to stimulate consumers to maintain their freshness and attention to the brand. On the other hand, the younger generation of consumers have regarded high-value design and innovative ability as an important criterion for brand strength.

Therefore, the "quick" posture was an advantage in the early stage of the development of domestic beauty cosmetics, and it has been regarded as a "routine operation" until now.The rapidity in the supply chain is not new, and it can only be regarded as the only barrier to the brand when it involves the whole process of brand connotation, packaging design and manufacturing.

Through expert interviews and industry research, Oliver Wyman found that the research and development cycle (including product creativity, packaging design, formula preparation and test production) of a single new product of international brands is between 15 and 24 months, while similar brands in China generally only need 6 to 9 months. The planning period of big brands is usually in years, but it is very common for China brands to be in months.

However, there are also pattern subdivisions soon. Oliver Wyman Consulting believes that domestic beauty products have been iterated into two categories on the previous basis. An "agile trial and error" model that keeps up with the market trend, citing a large number of external partners to speed up the design, packaging and other processes, and constantly introducing new products to test the market response, may evolve into a representative of platform players; Another "lean polishing" model tries to create a beauty brand with China cultural symbols for consumers, which often has the potential to go out to sea for gold in the later stage.

(Taking two typical brands as examples, Oliver Wyman Consulting found that a brand registered 332 products in 2020 under the agile trial and error mode, of which 42 products were introduced to the market, and 69 products were registered in the same year under the lean polishing mode, of which 12 products met with consumers. )

After all, behind the fast is the competition for the attention of young consumers and the right to speak in the beauty industry.

Observers from all walks of life have studied Generation Z for many years and found that it is difficult to establish brand loyalty of this generation of consumers. Even if you have a preference for a certain brand, it is easy to migrate and jump in the same kind of competing products.They grew up in an era of material abundance and information explosion, and they have instinctive sensitivity to new brands and taste new psychology.

This is essentially different from the concept of beauty consumption of consumers before the age of 25. Their knowledge of beauty basics is almost educated and cultivated by international big brands. Once they form their loyalty and preference for a certain brand, it is difficult to actively migrate, which is similar to the "trust in the brand first, then trust to migrate from the brand to the whole line of products" shown by mature users in the Japanese beauty market.

But the younger generation of consumers are different. They are used to "passive feeding" of demand and do not accept "delayed satisfaction".An exaggeration is that what consumers want today, domestic beauty cosmetics can be given to you tomorrow, but if it is an international brand, the prototype of the product may not be discussed until next year.

No one pays attention to the disputes and tears in the process, and consumers only care about the results of those impacts on the overall strategy and local business adjustment of the group. The noisy volume in the track and the constant production of new domestic beauty products every day make them not know or understand the time required for the brand to develop, produce and build value.

International brands may have lost time, and domestic beauty products have won the opportunity. In the race against time of China’s speed, diligent beauty practitioners spend time again and again to hand over fabulous answers.

They can’t achieve an overwhelming victory, and they don’t need to catch up with all channels. As long as there is a small range of highlights at an activity node, this achievement is enough to publicize for one year.

However, these criticisms do not completely deny the achievements of domestic beauty products. Frankly speaking, the competition on the beauty track is fierce, and the cold start process of the new brand has been quite difficult. Now it has passed the stage from 0 to 1, and it is expected that it will become a forest and a sea, which also forces the industry to continuously improve its quality and level.

Judging from the whole process of the birth of new products, domestic beauty products have ushered in the acceleration and innovation of the whole process and all links, and their blade is not only at the marketing level. There is also fine work.

Let’s talk about it in different modes.

• In the stage of creative conception and packaging design:

Agile trial-and-error mode beauty has strong resource integration ability and scheduling ability to manage multiple partners. They introduce a wider range of partners, and creative inspiration can be provided by some professional organizations. The packaging design has a mature OEM factory, the supply of raw materials suppliers is stable, and the external marketing is also supported by professional advertising companies. This cross-subject and cross-departmental coordination and integration ability puts high demands on the external management and internal management of the company. They need to have keen and accurate foresight in the judgment of higher dimensions such as strategy, as well as tolerance for trial and error costs and the execution of rapid adjustment after trial and error.

Under the lean grinding mode, some brands can easily detonate word of mouth with advanced design or concept. The representative carved lipstick of a national makeup brand is an example. The core idea originated from an exclusive professor of the Academy of Fine Arts, and the brand often has discussions and cooperation with external art colleges on packaging and materials.

A widely circulated saying in the industry is that the mold opening of this product is the most difficult among domestic brands. At that time, the brand was looking for large and small production lines in China, and it took about 8 months to finalize the manufacturer of lipstick paste to achieve the special appearance effect of the product. The brand side needed to try again and again with the factory in terms of product efficacy and product appearance, so as to find a balance point. It is easy to understand that the cost of molds in the production line is high, and shoes need to be molded and clothes only need to be printed, which is the difference in cost. That’s why you buy concealer air cushions from different companies, and their boxes are all similar, because the initial molds of the production line are the same.

Paying attention to design also means a more professional internal design team rather than relying solely on external creative institutions. According to the open recruitment information of Yige Group to which Hua Xizi belongs, the annual salary of senior gift box packaging designers who have worked for 3-5 years is between 225,000 and 450,000, which is quite different from that of their peers, at least reflecting the brand’s reserve and attention to design talents.

The design of appearance structure and vision, and the consideration of packaging materials are not unique to Hua Xizi. Blank ME, a domestic brand that focuses on base makeup, has all its packaging materials designed from South Korea, and its product price line is almost equal to that of international brands.

• Formulation development stage:

In addition to core creativity, packaging design and product formula, although most domestic beauty cosmetics will directly use the formula of OEM at present, they are also actively setting up their own raw materials and formula research teams. The common practice is that most foundry employees are relatively familiar with the functions and textures of raw materials, but they are relatively slow to respond to the needs of C-end consumers. At present, it is quite cost-effective for the brand to make minor adjustments directly on the existing formula mode of the foundry.

Indeed, with the continuous maturity and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry, brands need not be limited to internalizing the whole value chain from concept to production, but can explore external forces to the greatest extent and build a more open-source ecosystem centered on brands. The brand side can further put its energy into the polishing of core competitiveness, such as brand building, cutting-edge scientific and technological exploration, consumer insight and so on.

• Test phase:

The laboratory testing of domestic brands has adopted more flexible methods, such as keeping only the necessary safety and stability tests, directly using the test results of the foundry, changing some tests from linear to parallel, etc., in order to speed up the testing.

In the stage of consumer testing, compared with international brands that spend 2-3 months at a time, use external research companies, adopt well-designed questionnaires with dozens to hundreds of questions, and conduct comprehensive data analysis, domestic brands hold the idea that "the real consumer testing takes place after the product goes on the market", and think that small-scale consumer testing before the product goes on the market is difficult to ensure objectivity and cannot bring decisive changes to the product. Therefore, domestic brands greatly shorten the testing time to 2-3 weeks, and greatly streamline the granularity of questions and data analysis, just seeking feedback from consumers on core issues.

In order to achieve rapid consumer testing, leading new domestic brands directly recruit consumers through WeChat WeChat official account and other channels to form a "testing resource pool" and invite them on demand. This not only ensures the speed, but also creates a novel way to interact directly with consumers.

• Production stage:

Similar to the concept held in the testing stage, domestic brands test the market reaction and make timely output adjustments through smaller batches and more batches of production. For example, the first batch of lipstick products produced by a domestic brand only produces 10,000 pieces (positioned as "limited edition"), which can be completed within 1-2 weeks; Gradually increase to 20,000 and 50,000 in the next production batch. The first batch of international brand lipsticks will reach the production order of 100,000-300,000 pieces, and it will take at least one month to produce. In addition, because domestic brands basically use the formula of the foundry, raw material procurement, quality inspection and other links can be as advanced as possible (completed by the foundry in advance), which further speeds up the overall production.

Based on the above links, domestic beauty cosmetics now have the ability of quick attack and meticulous work in all aspects of creative conception, packaging design, formula debugging and manufacturing, which means that they have the confidence to compete with international brands.

But this does not mean that there is no gap between domestic beauty products and big brands in Europe and America.

The problems faced by domestic beauty players are the same. Even if the brand has completely caught up with the creative connotation, product design, external marketing and follow-up logistics, it is still difficult for the brand to have the ability to cross the cycle if it cannot make a breakthrough in basic research and development.

International beauty companies such as L ‘Oreal and Estee Lauder have flourished for a hundred years. Their self-built laboratory has a profound accumulation in the research and development of basic dermatology and has obvious advantages.It involves the innovation of basic raw materials, the sensitivity of human skin, adaptability test, etc., and it does open a position with domestic beauty.

Taking the innovation of raw materials as an example, Bosein of L ‘Oré al, Pitera of SK-II, and Alcohol A of Johnson & Johnson Company (which has been widely used at present) are all unique patents, thus giving birth to explosive products that span the cycle.

Take Pitera as an example. Due to the dispute over the expiration of the patent between 2017 and 2019, in theory, the factory can engrave Pitera according to the composition and production method in the original patent registration document of one of the cost inventors. However, due to the lack of unique strains, the water in the local Lake Biwa in Japan and the uncertain fermentation process, it is not feasible to completely engrave the formula, which is the barrier of SK-II.

The same is true for the key components of Estee Lauder’s small brown bottle, which uses the lysate of the fermentation product of Schizoyeast, which is unique to CLR, a famous German ingredient supplier. It is difficult for domestic factories and laboratories to replicate in a short time.

To some extent, domestic beauty cosmetics are relatively weak in raw materials, formulas and other aspects. Apart from the reasons that local beauty brands started late and have a deep foundation, there are also the influences that today’s beauty brands are involved and the market is changing too fast.Before, local beauty brands were merged, acquired or closed down due to the massive entry of European and American brands. Now, it is hard to follow the trend of social media, and more or less compromise the market, thus falling into the red trap of packaging, concept and marketing.

However, with the continuous maturity of consumers and the elimination and evolution of the market, the industry will eventually return to rationality. This is also why we can see some domestic beauty products and are more willing to polish the products in a down-to-earth manner.

Paiqueling began to cooperate with the University of Berlin in Germany, and went to the United States to attack Japan to develop new products. Huanya and dermatologists studied technology in Australia, and the perfect diary was established as "Open Lab". When the market capacity is large enough and the entrants are expected to share a piece of the action, if the capital reserve, talent team, product design and brand ideas are in place, enterprises will also adjust their ideas, and their willingness to invest in technology research and development and production equipment will also rise, and the focus of the whole industry participants will also shift to products.

This is also the victory of China OEM/ODM OEM mode. In a broader dimension, the rise of domestic beauty cosmetics means an all-round upgrade of China’s manufacturing, which is an important signal for domestic beauty cosmetics to start brand building and cultural self-confidence, and also a powerful proof for them to sail out to sea and go global.

After the Morey incident, NBA-related content can hardly be seen in the circle of friends. There seems to be a tacit understanding that everyone is silent about this foreign sports event. But maybe there is another reason. People in my circle have already taken to the society. Everyone is less exposed to express their thoughts and interests. No one has posted anything in the circle of friends, including myself, which has been visible for three days.

But I still want to write about Warriors, and describe my love for this team in words.

The beginning of the universe is the 14-15 season. With 67 wins in the regular season, it won the first record in the league. Curry won the first MVP trophy and the first All-Star three-point contest this season. After the playoffs, I won the championship through customs clearance. I still remember that on the morning of winning the championship, I was still studying college English, brushing my mobile phone, always paying attention to the competition situation, and I was disappointed that Iguodala won FMVP later. I was a cloud fan that year. I couldn’t watch a few football games in a season, but I was just a passer-by fan in Curry. I started to like him because my old classmate Chen Yixin sent one in the circle of friends after winning MVP in Curry: Curry, which is deserved. I was curious about who he was. Baidu read his information, read his highlights, and left a few eyes on the game. This player shot a beautiful arc in the air, and time seemed to stop. There was a sense of beauty that was very attractive. Today, I have to say that my eyesight is excellent, and I can actually pay attention to this epoch-making little man who changed the way the league played. At that time, fans were concentrated on two stars, namely Kobe Bryant and James. Kobe Bryant retired in the coming year at the end of his career. James had a large number of fans, including me. I was also his passerby fan, but now I am Zhan Hei, and my identity has been reversed.

15-16 season, 73 wins in the regular season, unanimous MVP, and the Warriors reached their first peak. Curry, Thompson, Barnes, Green and Iguodala formed the first-generation Five Small Sweeping Alliance of Death. However, this year, I was still a cloud fan, and I didn’t watch many football games. Occasionally, when I went to look for Xiaobai, he was watching the ball, and I could hear the explanation shouting that Curry was dribbling to find a touch. I made a clear analysis of how many times Curry dribbled before shooting and how high the hit rate was. In the game that I left occasionally that season, Curry dribbled with his legs crossed. Don’t stumble, it seemed like he was going to drop at any time, playing with the opposing defensive player, and making another unreasonable three-point. Damn it, thief handsome.

The momentum of the regular season is strong, entering the playoffs, all the way to the Western Conference. The west was almost planted in the hands of Thunder, and the Warriors were forced into a desperate situation 1-3. Later, the classic G6 Buddha was shining, and then G7 Curry was redeemed. Finally, he pushed the Thunder into the finals and faced the old enemy knight. Of course, I’m still not a witness to these competitions. I only paid attention to the results, but didn’t watch the whole process. There’s a voice on the Internet that the league has forced the game to be extended to seven games for the sake of ratings. I believe this may not be nonsense from netizens, because the next round of playoffs is the ugliest series ever witnessed.

In the finals, the warrior who struggled through the thunder killed the Cavaliers 3-1 before the blood on the blade was dried. Everyone thought that when the Warriors were destined to take the trophy home, ugly scenes were constantly staged, first hurdling, then reporting, the team’s defensive gate was suspended, and then the star was sent off for six crimes. When the news of Bogut’s injury came out, I felt a bad feeling in my heart, and my morale was declining. There are a lot of throwing and shoving movements, which make me feel queasy until now, so I begin to dislike the so-called "the charming son of heaven" James. The ugly final decision finally ended in Owen’s lore, leaving behind the Warriors fans, and I, a cloud fan, was full of loss and nausea. The 16-year total decision is a colorful and dramatic series in NBA history. This is also a series of dirty, unscrupulous, lacking in sportsmanship and extremely heavy off-court factors.

In the 16-17 season, Durant joined, and the Five Little Complete Bodies of Death were officially assembled. The historical five-person group was born. When space battleship set sail, there were many new names for warriors at this time. Hampton Five: composed of Curry, Durant, Thompson, Green and Iguodala, the three main attackers and Tsunami brothers are all historical scorers with scoring ability and explosive force. Two main defenders: Green DPOY, with super defensive ability, playing the fifth position in five small schools, the gate in the middle circle, the last line of the Warriors’ defense, and also the axis of the Warriors’ tactics. They are called sexy lotus officer, dealer, and have top passing ability and vision. Godara, coffin mamba, feign death in the regular season. Super single defense ability, quick and clean cutting skills are impressive. Each of these five people has the ability to handle the ball. The ball is flowing in their hands, constantly looking for the most suitable end point. What is the ultimate team, that is, their competitive posture.

In addition to Hampton Five, there are four famous hunters in Golden State. Except Curry, all four of the team have superb defensive ability, especially Thompson, but the No.2 position can be defended from 1 to 4. The impressive goal is: single defense of Brother Alphabet, and then direct blocking. Although Curry is the weak defensive ring of the Warriors, his hard defensive actions have to be respected.

The mysterious two elders refer to the coffins Mamba and Livingston, and Livingston is affectionately known as Karen Mok.

This year, the full-body warriors cut melons and vegetables all the way, and the teams in the whole league can only look behind them. But there is also a black spot. Pachulia is stepping on Leonard’s feet. I believe that healthy Spurs are not enough in front of the 17 Warriors.

Durant won the final FMVP. He deserved it, but it was also a pity for Warriors fans and Curry fans. In those years, I was most annoyed by Yang Yi’s argument of "two kings and four twos". I felt that he gave Nike smelly feet, collected money to talk and belittled Curry. This warrior is Curry’s team. He builds a system with his style of play. In every game, he keeps running marathons, running and catching the ball, and tearing open the defense of the other side. After Durant came, he reduced the ball right, reduced the previous three points after dribbling, increased the catch throw, and handed over the ball right to Green after half-time. He plays more rationally and executes tactics. The once crazy performance gradually disappeared. Sacrifice brings negation and contempt, which is unbearable.

In the 7-18 season, the magic ball theory was applied to the extreme, and the Rockets were still the home team of the Chinese people, and they triumphed all the way and won the first place in the league. Because those years were afraid of rockets, they temporarily played the role of "going black", "shooting black", "no pains, no gains". It rained again in the sky, which is a common expression for getting black.

The 41-point lead of the Warriors in the third game in the West proves that the death of five small men is invincible, but the bad news comes, Igoda is pulled back, and the death of five small men is missing a link. After that, it seems that they can’t play ball, losing two games in a row, and they all lose by small points. After losing Tianwang Mountain, the Warriors will be scattered by magic ball. Paul’s injury gave the Warriors a turn for the better. Finally, he scored two games in a row and finally swept the old enemy Cavaliers.

I was in the teaching and research section in the playoffs that year, and I was the only one who supported the Warriors with the Rockets fans and lonely Warriors fans.

A few goals in that year’s playoffs were still impressive, Jordan Bell’s crotch passed back, and Curry went around to catch the ball and shoot. In the face of Curry Love’s defense, he twisted his body and made a super-long three-pointer. In the third game, Durant’s 45-degree cold-blooded three-pointer shot the Cavaliers’ hope, and then Greencurry roared back and forth like a chick.

In the 18-19 season, when the warriors fell, the invincible warships also arrived in Hong Kong one day. I told my father from the beginning that I wanted to go to Oracle Bone Inscriptions Stadium in Oakland, USA to watch the curtain call of the stadium and watch the game of Death Five. May be the last year to see the death of the five small, next year, the team still don’t know how to change, and then really be fooled, five small become history, can no longer watch them run the ball.

This season, I watched the ball every day in the teaching and research section. I didn’t see the live broadcast, but I also watched the replay. This season, the Warriors suffered many injuries, and there were always people missing. In a game in which Curry was absent, Green spewed out the famous Green formula, which made Durant disheartened. At the end of this season, Sensitive Du didn’t work hard. He threw a few balls each game and scored single-digit points. It was found that the Warriors had a tactical adjustment, which allowed Durant to increase the waist to hold the ball and weaken Green. This tactic Durant could either deal the cards or throw himself.

At the beginning of the playoffs, in the first round, Warriors vs. Clippers, in order to extend the series and increase the number of games, the league made double-standard penalties on both sides, and the blow penalty scale of physical contact was simply incomprehensible. Beverly has a lot of vicious actions. Because of Curry’s foul trouble, he can’t be present for a long time. Without a big core, the Warriors can only use Durant all the time, which brings great hidden trouble for the next series.

After all, the Clippers were a weak team at that time, and then they met the Rockets, who were also old enemies for many years. The first four games were tied 2-2, and Durant was injured in the fifth game. The Warriors lost one core and their lives were on the line. The adjustment of the Warriors was timely, and they began to play pick-and-roll with Curry Green. The Rockets can’t play without Durant on the opposite side, and the warriors who are in pick-and-roll pass by. The Western Blazers’ double shots are one size smaller than the Warriors’ double shots, and they are swept out after natural defeat.

Coming to the final stage again, it’s actually very difficult for a warrior without a big core to be the defender, and there are also problems with Curry’s fingers that affect his feel. Then Leonard sank his shoulder and Rooney suffered a sternal fracture. Durant forced his return to achilles tendon rupture. Finally, Tielin chased Thompson, and Thompson landed unsteadily and the cruciate ligament broke. It’s a part of the game, and it’s out of control. At this point, the Warriors’ luck is exhausted, and Curry, the only strong scorer, is powerless.

After that, the warrior dispersed and embarked on reconstruction.

So many yards, it’s 10: 42 in the evening.

Finally, I want to say that the death of five small children is destined to be a strong stroke in NBA history. Warriors are also the team that I like to pay attention to all the time. My favorite goal in those five years was Curry’s cross-line guidance to Green, Iguodala took the opportunity to slip the bottom line, chasing dreams and throwing a dunk, which was smooth and tacit.