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Wen | Caihua Society

（ 01810.HK）The results released in the third quarter of 2023 show that the overall gross profit margin, the gross profit margin of smartphone business and the gross profit margin of IoT (Internet of Things) and consumer products business all reached record highs. At the same time, the adjusted profit after deducting non-core funds increased by 1.83 times year-on-year, reaching 5.99 billion yuan (RMB, the same below). However, its share price plummeted by nearly 5% after the results were announced. Is Xiaomi’s performance a surprise or a joy?

In the third quarter of 2023, Xiaomi’s quarterly revenue increased slightly by 0.60% year-on-year to 70.894 billion yuan.

The quarterly revenue of the smartphone segment decreased by 2.04% year-on-year to 41.649 billion yuan, which is in line with the current global mobile phone consumption trend. The revenue of IoT and consumer goods segment increased by 8.47% year-on-year to 20.673 billion yuan; Driven by advertising revenue, the Internet service segment grew by 9.75% year-on-year to 7.756 billion yuan, of which game business revenue increased by 5.6% year-on-year to 1.1 billion yuan, while advertising revenue increased by 15.7% year-on-year to 5.4 billion yuan, as shown in the following figure.

Although the quarterly revenue growth only increased slightly, the gross profit margin has been greatly improved, among which the gross profit margin of the smart phone business segment has the largest increase, rising by 7.74 percentage points year-on-year to 16.64%; The gross profit margin of IoT and consumer goods also increased by 4.34 percentage points year-on-year to 17.83%; Due to the higher proportion of advertising revenue, the gross profit margin of the service segment also increased by 2.36 percentage points year-on-year to 74.41%.

Comparing the above figure with the following figure, although the revenue growth is not large, the gross profit scale of each business segment is very conspicuous, which is much higher than the past quarterly performance.

At the performance conference, the management explained the main reasons for the record high gross profit margin of mobile phone business as follows: 1) optimization of product mix; 2) Supply chain cost reduction — — Comprehensive factors such as falling raw material prices.

However, we are more concerned about whether Xiaomi’s inventory impairment provision decreased in the third quarter due to its large amount in previous quarters, which is an important factor affecting the gross profit margin.

Caihuashe noted that Xiaomi’s inventory impairment reserve expenditure in the third quarter of this year was 794 million yuan, down by 65.27% and 9.88% respectively compared with 2.286 billion yuan in the same period last year and 881 million yuan in the last quarter. According to Caihua Society’s estimation, the proportion of inventory impairment reserve in product income in the third quarter of this year also decreased from 3.71% in the same period of last year to 1.27%, which should play a certain role in boosting the profitability of its hardware products.

The management mentioned at the performance conference that the decrease in inventory impairment is not the main reason for the increase in gross profit margin. CFO said that in the third quarter of 2023, the impact of this factor on Xiaomi’s gross profit margin was about 0.8 points, plus 0.8 points last year, making a total of 1.6 points.

However, it should be noted that during the period, the average selling price of smartphones, Xiaomi’s main source of income, dropped by 5.78% year-on-year, falling below 1,000 yuan to 997 yuan, compared with 1,058.2 yuan in the same period of last year and 1,151.6 yuan and 1,112.2 yuan in the first two quarters of this year, as shown in the figure below.

Xiaomi explained that the decrease in the average price (ASP) of smartphones was mainly due to the strong growth of shipments in emerging markets with low ASP in Latin America, Africa and the Middle East, which was partially offset by the increase in ASP in China. According to this, it may be inferred that the lower cost is the main reason to promote its profit.

As mentioned by the management, the optimization of supply chain has reduced the procurement cost, or it is a very important reason, but the provision for impairment of inventory in the early stage has increased significantly, effectively reducing inventory, and making the net inventory drop sharply. As shown in the figure below, since September 2021, Xiaomi’s inventory impairment provision has been rising continuously, reaching a peak in March 2023, and then declining. By these two quarters, Xiaomi’s net inventory has dropped significantly.

It is estimated that the promotion of gross profit margin brought by the decline of inventory cost can last for several quarters.

Affected by the improvement of overall gross profit margin, Xiaomi’s gross profit in the third quarter of 2023 increased by 37.43% year-on-year to 16.11 billion yuan.

At the time when Xiaomi was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, in order to boost traffic, Xiaomi’s sales and promotion expenses always accounted for a large proportion of expenses. However, in recent years, Xiaomi has invested more resources in R&D to build the future with technology, so the proportion of R&D expenses is increasing. Caihua Society noticed that since the fourth quarter of 2022, R&D expenses have accounted for more than marketing and promotion expenses.

In the third quarter of 2023, Xiaomi’s R&D expenditure increased by 22.03% year-on-year to 4.966 billion yuan, accounting for 7.01% of revenue from 5.77% in the same period of last year; The sales and promotion expenses decreased by 3.00% year-on-year to 4.736 billion yuan, accounting for 6.68% of the total revenue from 6.93% in the same period of last year, as shown in the following figure.

Although its operating expenses have increased, they are still effectively controlled — — At the very least, the growth rate was much lower than the gross profit growth, so it turned losses into profits. In the third quarter of 2023, it recorded a quarterly net profit of 4.874 billion yuan, compared with a net loss of 1.476 billion yuan in the same period last year. Excluding non-core funds such as changes in fair value of investment, Xiaomi’s adjusted net profit in the third quarter actually increased by 182.89% year-on-year to 5.99 billion yuan.

After the performance reporting period in the third quarter of 2023, Xiaomi has several major events worthy of attention:

1) In October, 2023, Xiaomi announced a brand-new strategy of upgrading from "mobile phone X AIoT" to "people, cars and homes are all ecological", and released a brand-new operating system "Xiaomi surging OS".

2) In October 2023, atApple (AAPL.US)In the gap between Huawei’s release of new mobile phones, Xiaomi also released the Xiaomi 14 series in the Mainland.

3) Xiaomi Auto appeared on the website of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, which also made everyone have a substantial imagination about Xiaomi’s "people and cars".

At the performance conference, Lu Weibing, president of Xiaomi, insisted on several aspects of Xiaomi’s future development: high-end, internationalization, firm investment in the future, investment in technology, continuous change and upgrading of management, and the most long-term and sustained high-quality growth — — The transition from flow to quality, andTencent (00700.HK)Exactly the same.

In the first three quarters of 2023, Xiaomi’s overseas business income decreased by 16.42% year-on-year to 89.435 billion yuan, accounting for 45.2% of Xiaomi’s total income from 50%.

According to Canalys data used by Xiaomi, in the third quarter of 2023, its global smartphone delivery volume was the only positive growth among the top four suppliers, with a year-on-year increase of 2.4% to 41.5 million units, and its market share increased from 12.9% in the previous quarter to 14.1%. However, Caihua Society also noticed that Transsion, another smartphone in China, grew very rapidly, with a year-on-year increase of 39.5%.

In recent years, Xiaomi’s main achievements in overseas markets include: 1) diversified categories; 2) Expand the geographical market; 3) The global environment is not very good, and the environment it faces is complex, so Xiaomi is urged to establish a safe platform, which has gradually produced results. The map of globalization continues to expand and differentiate. For example, Africa doubled its share from last year to this year, and achieved a year-on-year growth of 40% in Latin America. Europe also experienced double-digit growth in the third quarter. Although the Indian market that everyone cares about is under pressure, its performance in the third quarter has greatly improved compared with that in the second quarter.

On the whole, the management thought at the performance conference that overseas markets have a lot of room for development. His reason is that Xiaomi has done well in some markets, such as Spain, and has achieved 32% market share, but it still has a small share in some other markets, which means there is a lot of room for expansion.

In addition, with the penetration of its mobile phones and smart home products in overseas markets, the monthly active user scale (MAU) of Xiaomi Eco has expanded, and the stock has driven the value of its Internet value-added services, which is also a big boost for Xiaomi’s service revenue to achieve a year-on-year growth of 9.75% in the third quarter.

For the future, the management indicated that it would expand the service types of overseas business, and constantly attract partners to serve global users.

Xiaomi, which has always taken the economic route, has put forward high-end changes in recent years, and Xiaomi 14 series may drive its high-end product revenue share after the fourth quarter.

However, the management admits that the high-end of Xiaomi is still in the investment period, and there is no obvious difference between the high-end and the low-end. There is a lot of room for improvement of the high-end in the future, and the scale has not yet reached the level of quantitative change to qualitative change. There is still a gap between Xiaomi’s 4000 yuan mobile phone and Samsung and Apple in the world. This is also a challenge and an opportunity for Xiaomi, and it is necessary to tap the future high-end potential.

In 2023, Xiaomi announced the latest strategy to upgrade "mobile phone XIAOT" to "the whole ecology of people, cars and homes".

The management said that the global smartphone market share will become more concentrated in the future, which may mean that some brands will quit and some brands will further expand their share. The head brand will meet the needs of different customer groups through omni-channel, all-customer service and product attraction segmentation. Xiaomi’s concept of "people, cars and homes" is to export product experiences and solutions to users in the way of driving other products to consume with a strong brand like smart cars through customer group classification, and the bottom of the solution is supported by the system of "people, cars and homes", which is the logic of its development of this concept to complete the ecological closed loop.

For the details of Xiaomi Automobile, the management said that it is not convenient to disclose it, but it roughly outlines its role in "the whole ecology of people, cars and homes":

1) People and cars are all ecological, and cars will play an indispensable role in the whole ecological chain of Xiaomi. In the future, customers will buy Xiaomi products, not single products, but product combinations, lifestyles and solutions;

2) Xiaomi automobile will cooperate with the existing mobile phone and consumer electronics products and service ecology, and the great integration of automobile and consumer electronics will drive the chemical reaction of the whole ecology, and the automobile will be fully integrated into the product and service ecology.

On the whole, Xiaomi delivered an unexpected performance in the third quarter of 2023, and also put forward the strategy and growth potential for future development. Then why did the stock price fall instead of rising after its performance?

Caihuashe believes that short-term investors take advantage of favorable shipments to make profits or a reason. As shown in the figure below, Xiaomi’s share price has continued to climb since October, and it has risen by more than 36% on the eve of the announcement of quarterly results.

Secondly, Xiaomi’s "people, cars and homes are all ecological" sounds beautiful, but it will affect its profitability in the short term, especially considering the high cost of building cars. Now "new forces" are still struggling to reach double digits for gross profit margin. Xiaomi is involved in this highly competitive track, and the short-term profit predictability is not high.

1905 movie network news The pressure of modern people’s life is getting bigger and bigger. They work overtime, can’t afford to buy a house, and are scolded by leaders. The speed of salary increase can never keep up with the speed of inflation, but they often give up halfway when they want to make achievements.

When you are envious of those "great men" who have made achievements, do you find that whether it is Tu Youyou, a scientist who created a new antimalarial drug artemisinin to save countless lives, Mo Yan, a great writer whose works have been translated into more than 40 languages and widely circulated all over the world, or Li Changyu, a detective who has repeatedly solved strange cases and made criminals have nowhere to escape, they all have a tenacity in their career, a force to persevere and never give up until they reach their goals.

There is also such a "big shot" in a movie "Big Shot" which will be released on December 21st. Although he is just an ordinary people’s policeman, his attitude of being responsible for the task is worth learning by many people. In the previous trailer, Sun Dasheng, a criminal policeman played by Wang Qianyuan, found that the evil group headed by Zhao Tai, played by Bao Beier, was seriously suspected in the process of investigating the "jumping case". Facing Zhao Tai, a rich second generation local real estate developer, Sun Dasheng was fearless. He continued to collect criminal evidence of evil gangs. Just as the truth was about to be revealed to the world, Sun Dasheng was suddenly suspended.

As a suspended policeman, he lost the ability to enforce the law, but as a policeman who insisted on upholding justice, he chose to continue to stand up for justice! Facing the reporter, Sun Dasheng said firmly: "Whether I am a policeman or not, I will check it out!" On the rooftop of the nightclub, Sun Dasheng was on the verge of catching Zhao Tai, but Zhao Tai’s bodyguard stopped him. Sun Dasheng didn’t give up. He opened his posture and subdued the bodyguard with only one blow. In the square, Sun Dasheng drove a police car to chase Zhao Tai, who was reckless and rampaging. Zhao Tai was forced to get off the bus after the vehicle was violently hit, and the two men then launched the final battle from boxing to meat.

Stay up late and work overtime, the plan is difficult to do, and the salary does not rise … … There may be 10,000 reasons why people want to give up halfway at work, but before giving up, we can think about those who persist to the end. They have all become "big shots". When a person has a firm belief in his career, nothing can stop him. Maybe if you persist, you can achieve your "small goal" and become a "big man" like them. After all, those who walk a hundred miles are half ninety, and the most difficult thing is to persist in the end.

"Big Man" will land in the cinema on December 21st, and you will see a "big man" who is facing the work, swearing that he will carry out the task to the end!

Too sudden.

The actor Tu Men, who won the Golden Horse Award for "The Old Beast", died of esophageal cancer at 3: 50 am (December 12) at the age of 61.

Jia Zhangke, Huang Xuan and Kara Wai lamented that cooperation was not long ago.

Hearing the name, you may not be able to match his face.

But there are always a few of these characters that will surprise you.

Oh, it’s him.

His role basically falls into two categories:

Overlord.

He is Zuo Lengchan in CCTV’s the legendary swordsman, Genghis Khan in A Generation of Tianjiao Genghis Khan and Khan in Wang Zhaojun.

Stubborn old man.

He is the father who fought against death in Farewell, the wild "old bastard" in Old Beast, and the father-in-law who loves his daughter in Wuhai.

Good acting, stubborn temper and low profile.

This is everyone’s impression of him.

In the past few years after winning the prize, he has received more attention, and there are several new films to be shown.

Just when we were expecting his acting career to enter another peak, we didn’t expect him to suddenly leave.

Today, in this article, we miss the indelible roles left by Tu people.

Tu people once introduced themselves like this:

"My name is Tumen, and I am a muddled person who has no deeper thoughts."

This abbreviation is actually because his full name of Ewenki is too long.

You can tell from the name that this person is rebellious and exemplary.

Born into an intellectual family in Hulunbeier in 1960, Tumen was admitted to the Chinese Department of Inner Mongolia University.

At that time, it was more difficult to get into college than to get into heaven. Because of his longing for Shanghai, he resolutely went to Shanghai Theatre Academy under the fierce opposition of his family.

Rushed out of the grassland.

But the ties of his hometown always call him.

In 1985, in his junior year, he was selected by the cast of Genghis Khan and enthusiastically played the general under Genghis Khan.

Since then, it has been out of control, from Genghis Khan to Jieli Khan, and he has been a "grassland king" for quite a while.

Why do you always choose tu men?

Because as soon as he plays, the audience will be convinced.

Mongolian man with standard appearance grew up on horseback.

In "Sad Brooke", this classic scene:

A hip flask, throw it at once and take turns drinking.

I finally had a good time.

In order to create a wild grassland man, Balai, he really wants to drink while filming.

Riding a horse "drunk driving":

At that time, we started drinking white wine when we arrived at the set in the morning, walked around the grass, chatted and finished drinking, and started shooting in the afternoon when the light was good. I went to run the route first to see if there were any rat holes and marmot holes in case the horse slipped. Before I got on the horse, I drank half a bottle of 60-degree white wine.

Taking this role, Tu won the collective performance award of the 16th Golden Rooster Award and the nomination of best supporting actor in Southeast Asia International Film Festival.

This powerful aura spread to later films.

In "Old Beast", Tumen rode the electric car out of Harley’s imposing manner.

I am a person who can ride a horse, and we also pay attention to the posture of riding a horse. From an early age, we knew which one was ugly and which one was really handsome. Whether it’s an electric car or a bicycle, riding any car has a posture. The old beast’s electric car is too small. After I got on it, it was a little bit uncoordinated and my legs couldn’t stretch straight. It can only be like this. There is no horse to ride, and there is no Harley to ride.

If he is heroic and domineering, it is a gift given to him by the nation.

So being good at multiple languages will make Tu people make their own way in "rough" and "wild".

Tumen are proficient in four languages: Ewenki, Daur, Mandarin and Mongolian.

Degena said that Tu’s lines were too clear. When filming Farewell, he asked Tu to speak less standard Mandarin, and he didn’t feel like an old Mongolian (the role was Mongolian).

Old beast is a new name for 57-year-old Tumen.

But the earlier transformation began with Degena’s Farewell.

Degena’s father, Saif, is the director of Sad Brook and Genghis Khan, and a close friend of Tumen for many years.

Farewell is Degena’s adaptation based on the real events of himself and his father.

Tumen said that taking the play was "a disaster."

He played an all-powerful hero for half his life.

The first time I entered a realistic film, I wanted to play my dead old friend.

So well-known mentor, to play him, according to his manners and tone, his mind is full of him, but he is gone.

-Interview with Tumen: When the Old Beast Tears.

In order to perform the role in chemotherapy.

I didn’t use makeup or styling, but shaved my hair and eyebrows.

△ Tu were nominated for the Best Actor Award in the 9th FIRST Youth Film Exhibition.

The performance of Farewell is as deep as water.

The degree of "Old Beast" is particularly strong.

"’Lao Yang’ is a clown, swearing when he opens his mouth, and he is an’ old bastard’. "

How to find the feeling of the characters?

He has been filming for 23 days without a script.

Disrespect for the role? Or did you recite all the lines?

The shaping of characters is done before shooting, not after shooting, and this character has already entered my body before shooting.

"Has entered the role" is not a polite word.

He no longer "plays" the role because he is the role itself.

After meeting Zhou Ziyang for the first time, Tu people saw him off, passed by the canteen, took something at hand, and ate while walking without paying.

When the boarding pass was changed at the airport, Tu took the director’s ID card and went straight to the front of the line.

Instead of cutting in line, the Tumen patted the front passenger on the shoulder. "I don’t have any luggage. I’m in a hurry. Can I come first?"

Because-"Lao Yang never lines up."

Outside the film, there is a deep understanding of Tu’s immersion in the role. In the film, there is the multi-level and complexity of Lao Yang’s image.

Some people are disrespectful for the elderly, eating, drinking, whoring and gambling, and misappropriating the wife’s life-saving surgery expenses.

There is stubbornness in bringing the unfilial son who kidnapped him to court, and loneliness and sadness abandoned by the times.

In and out of the play, the Tu people are careful about the roles.

The award that everyone admires is very weak.

In the top film event, during the golden horse award presentation, everyone else is personable and bright-eyed.

He was the only one who couldn’t bear it and dozed off …

Woke up, defeated Bo Huang, Takeshi Kaneshiro and other big names, and took the best actor.

I also humbly said that I didn’t encounter any difficulties in filming, and it was "good luck" to win prizes.

He is also sober and indifferent to the admiration that has poured in:

In the past, all the princes and nobles came to you. After you played Farewell, all the cancer patients came to you. You played Old Beast, and all the old bastards came to you …

At this time, the Tu people had greater ambitions.

Be a director and make a movie.

He produced Hulunbeier City, a film about the Ewenki people’s "death and survival", which became an extension of the national blood.

Men responded to the call to fight, and the old, weak, women and children left behind went through the test of life and death, and reproduction became the biggest crisis of Ewenki nationality.

The man in this grassland is also very "grassland" in the way of filming.

He knows how to fear nature.

Everything is animistic. We went to the grassland. No matter from the mode of production or the way of life, I may have to go a long way to see you. I can only see you for at least eight hours, and I may pass by your house once every two days. I have to resist the cold and live in harmony with nature, so that the feelings between people will be more prominent on the grassland.

Jinma’s doze was because he was filming the director’s debut film Hulunbeier City.

He is waiting for a real snowstorm.

Because there will be the only snowstorm in the whole year the next day, if you don’t shoot, you will miss it.

Blowers don’t work so well.

Others think that he is just playing with tickets and can only shoot ethnic themes.

But later, he dabbled in the rivers and lakes of pleasure and enmity, filmed "Heaven is Unforgettable", and was also shortlisted for Pingyao this year.

Have your own movie.

Being an actor is not idle, and the cooperation is basically young directors:

The Last Truth directed by Li Taige and Happy Travel directed by Liang Ming.

Just last month, in the variety show "Director’s Advice", Tu also appeared in Wu Zhongtian’s "Sale", playing a father who is waiting for an enemy to come to the door.

He still looks energetic and vigorous, and discusses the play with the director meticulously.

Stepping into old age, I am still full of courage and running on the road day and night.

But this old horse won’t stop.

But suddenly fell down in the running.

Unfortunately.

But perhaps, it doesn’t matter how many roads you can catch in the end. What’s important is that this is the gesture that Ma was born with.

Sir is willing to believe that this "old beast" has not fallen.

He must still be somewhere, continuing to fly and never stopping.

All around, there is no one.

The picture in this article comes from the Internet.

Editor’s Assistant: North of Xibei

　　On September 27th, the IT House reported that Guangzhou Automobile Aian announced tonight that AION RT had pre-sold for 24 hours and the order exceeded 16,000 units.

　　Guangzhou Automobile AION RT has launched four models, with the pre-sale price range of 119,800-169,800 yuan:

　　520 Zhixiang Edition: 119,800 yuan

　　650 zhihao edition: 139,800 yuan

　　520 lidar version: 159,800 yuan

　　650 lidar version: 169,800 yuan

　　AION RT’s door frame is blackened and equipped with a hidden door handle. The body size is 4865/1875/1520mm and the wheelbase is 2775mm.

　　AION RT offers two power versions, and the IT House is summarized as follows:

　　520 Zhixiang Edition and 520 Lidar Edition are equipped with a single motor with a maximum power of 150 kW, a matching magazine battery capacity of 55.1 kWh, and a pure electric cruising range of 520 km.

　　The maximum power of the silicon carbide motor equipped with the 650 Zhihao Edition and the 650 Lidar Edition is 165 kW, the battery capacity of the matching magazine is 68.1 kWh, and the pure electric cruising range is 650 km.

　　AION RT offers color matching options for rice/black, brown/black and pure black interiors. The whole system comes standard with a 14.6-inch central control panel and an 8.8-inch LCD instrument panel.

Recently, Shen Teng’s Moon Man was released, which is a film in which he returned to starring after The Richest Man in Xihong City. However, after the release of Moon Man, everyone gave mixed comments on the film. Throughout the comedies from the past to the present, Xiaogang Feng, Xú Zhēng, Stephen Chow and Shen Teng each represented a different stage of comedy. Almost every out-of-the-loop work is not just a superficial form of happiness, but a "grounding gas". Through this new film, this paper takes you back to see the development and changes of comedy.

author　| Sha Mi Lu

read and edit　| Time

edit　| Peninsula

source　| Yinke Aesthetics

Not long ago, Moon Man, a comedy film by Shen Teng, a military art school, came to the big screen. This is a film in which he returned to star after The Richest Man in Xihong City.

In this issue, Xiaoyin takes a look back at the development and changes of comedy through this new film.

The polarization of Teng’s comedy criticism?

After the release of Moon Man, people gave different comments on the film.

Some people call itMars Rescue, The Truman Show, The Wandering EarthSome people also commented that it has become a "drama".

This film continues his previous work."Little people counterattack" attribute, but it played down the original "bad" for the little people.

In Shen Teng’s previous works, little people always have "bad roots".

For example, after crossing back, the protagonist of goodbye mr. loser chose to steal works to make himself famous. For example, Wang Duoyu of "The Richest Man in Xihong City" did not hesitate to deceive everyone for billions of property.

But in the end, they always finish it.Self-attack.

Moon Man is no exception, but here, the hero.No longer wait until the end to complete self-sublimation.

In this romantic comedy, the protagonist insists on his love, so the earth is lit up, and the original grand science fiction film is melted by the delicate feelings of human beings.

The film shows not only personal qualities, but alsoCompassion and empathy of all mankind.

Through this movie, Xiao Yin wants to talk about comedy.

Throughout the comedies from the past to the present, Xiaogang Feng, Xú Zhēng, Stephen Chow and Shen Teng each represented a different stage of comedy.

Almost every out-of-the-loop work is not just a superficial form of happiness, but a "grounding gas".

The following small print will take you to take a look. What are the characteristics of those classic comedies?

How many level does comedy have?

In addition to Shen Teng, our common comedies also carry similar."nobody"Kernel.

From the opening of our comedy series in Xiaogang Feng to the stage performance of Stephen Chow, Xú Zhēng and Mahua FunAge series in 2015, the comedy career in China has shown explosive growth.

The comedies of Xiaogang Feng, Xú Zhēng, Stephen Chow and Shen Teng have obvious differences in terms of how to express the little people.

Xiaogang Feng’s comedies were born in the era of the rise of consumer culture, and literary and artistic works gradually moved away from the elite to the public.

As a "citizen director", Xiaogang Feng’s comedies are forever.From the perspective of civiliansTo pay attention to the joys and sorrows of ordinary people-the pursuit of dreams by grassroots, the perfection of family, and the tireless emphasis on "emotion."

Meanwhile, as a New Year film,happy endingIt is also essential.

Xú Zhēng’s comedy isMale midlife crisis theme+road comedy.

In his movies, we can see the helplessness of a middle-aged man pushed forward by years-how to choose between his career, family and himself.

You can also seeThe classic combination of "unlucky+fool"Thinking about life on the highway.

The tragic ending in Xú Zhēng’s films reveals the triviality of ordinary life and the distance between ideal and reality.

To say that the most obvious tragic color is the "cruel" Stephen Chow.

Stephen Chow’s comedies are nonsense, with a wild imagination of magical curiosity.

From A Chinese Odyssey Series to The Mermaid to A Demon Journey to the West, his "cruel comedy" containsThe elimination of violence, love failure and other elements.

The so-called "cruelty" refers to his understanding of the world in which we live.Inclined to a pessimistic attitude.

"comedy" means that he can use it.The cliche story of happy reunion and the hilarious hilarity.To wrap up these cruel ideas, or even directly treat the tragedy as a joke, so that the cruel edge is not so abrupt and hurtful.

Cruelty is also reflected in love.

If Xu Zheng loves to talk about "incomplete life", then Stephen Chow prefers to talk about it."Broken love".

A question often runs through his works:Does true love exist?

In A Chinese Odyssey, the Supreme Treasure can only save Zi Xia by wearing a golden hoop. This shows that in his view:Only by refusing love can you save your lover.

This is why, when I was young, I only thought the story of Master Xing was funny. When I grew up, I laughed and cried.

Shen Teng’s comedies also like to describe little people, but unlike other directors, the little people he created are often passively on the road of counterattack.

In the comedies of Xiaogang Feng, Xú Zhēng and Stephen Chow, the protagonist usually takes the initiative to change, or the protagonist’s fate should be like this.

And the biggest feature of Shen Teng’s comedy is thatSatisfy an illusion-Little people suddenly cross, or fly in a windfall. I may not have the money to travel abroad like in Xú Zhēng movies, but the movie fantasy in Shen Teng can.

Teng-style comedy prefers "high opening and low walking": the male host has the opportunity and ability to change himself from the outside from the beginning, but in the end almost all of them return to the initial point.

But this is not backward, but after "seeing things through"Return to the original.

Charlotte, for example, finally woke up and went back to Ma Dongmei. This is more acceptable emotionally than Xu Lai’s tears because spinach gave the key to the gallery, and it is also more in line with people’s expectations, which is also a big reason why Charlotte surpassed the embarrassing series.

Finally, in our Moon Man, the theme of Teng comedy seems to have returned."serious"

The significance of a serious theme lies inLet the audience return to reality and recognize themselves.

People are happy when good things come, but how many people can laugh it off when reality shows its cruelty?

Telling tragedy in comedy movies is to make people who are immersed in "daydreaming" wake up and realize:Reality is cruel enough to crush any dream.

After determining the theme, let’s take a look at how these four people tell stories.

Commonly used in early Xiaogang Feng.Continuous montage to support "slow comedy"The narrative is natural and smooth, simple and slow, to express the reunion theme of "I love my family".

Feng’s comedy is a combination of countless short pieces connected in series, and many events jointly construct unexpected jokes.

In "Be there or be square", Beijingers Liu Yuan and Li Qing met and fell in love in new york, and broke up several times in the middle. Coincidentally, every time something bad happened, but in the end, lovers finally got married.

Some interludes happened in the middle, which aroused the audience’s emotions and enhanced the sense of surprise. After watching the whole film, the audience will be as relaxed and happy as the hero and heroine.

Xiaogang Feng’s "sketch comedy" conveysOrdinary people’s infinite yearning for a better life.

From Xiaogang Feng to Xú Zhēng and then to Stephen Chow, the rhythm of comedy narrative has been stepped up step by step. The public began to have aesthetic fatigue on the main melody movies,Recreation and happinessMovies have become a big demand.

Xú Zhēng’s films inherited Feng’s comedies.The way of sketch collage and the general narrative of the game.

However, the difference between Xú Zhēng and Xiaogang Feng is that in Xiaogang Feng’s narrative, the plot is generally relaxed and happy, and the rhythm is slow, and there is basically no particularly fierce conflict.

Xú Zhēng’s narrative rhythm is tight, slow and full of flexibility.

Xú Zhēng’s "Embarrassment" series is the The Journey to the West-style "distress and problem solving" all the way through customs clearance.

In narrative, he also uses the narrative mode of cross narrative and multi-clue parallel compact stimulation.

One side is trying to persist, while the other side is trying to obstruct it. The hard-working party often persists repeatedly in embarrassment, relaxing like a spring, while the audience is overjoyed at the hero’s frustration and courage.

For example, in "Embarrassment in Thailand", Zaler Xu has been suppressing his contradictory feelings in the face of his wife’s divorce, the competitive pressure from his colleagues and the obstacles brought by "jinx" Wang Baoqiang.

However, Zaler Xu was not discouraged. Although every effort went up in smoke, he still suffered repeated defeats and wars.

Then to Shen Teng’s series of movies, they are sought after by everyone, because at present, we no longer have the energy to wait for a story to be full, but always expect to catch our eyes at the very beginning.

In his films, he often usesAn inverted narrative that goes back in time., will be some content, nature, scenery, movement way is similar to the lens group, resulting in.Cumulative effect of continuous superposition.

For example, when Charlotte plays "Those Flowers", the director highlights the characters’ personality characteristics through the lens of playing the piano throughout Qiu Ya, Montt stealing women’s clothes, watching cartoons in Da Chun, making public dancing at home, and Yuan Hua peeking at pornographic videos, showing the beauty and perishable youth.

Linguistically, Xiaogang Feng and Xú Zhēng belong to the same family.The language of the northern "sketch school" belongs to "ironic gray humor".

In "Party A and Party B", the plot of "boasting when you meet people in the street" created a surprise comedy effect with pure language.

In "Big shot", he satirized advertisers, real estate developers, etc. in a playful way, and described all kinds of hot money-making routines at the beginning of the 21st century.

His jokes are always full of life-like light. Take the present words: the protagonists in Feng’s comedies are everyone’s "mouth substitutes".

Stephen Chow, on the other hand, mostly uses Cantonese dialect and slang, and achieves absurd comedy effect through unconventional combination.

For example, it is absurd to put "Niu Mowang" and "God" together, which can’t be compared in the conventional context.

Shen Teng’s comic language is more like an extension of cross talk.This may have something to do with Mahua FunAge’s background as a stage play.

Anyone who has seen the cross talk of Deyun Society knows that there are usually multiple foreshadowing in the cross talk, but in Shen Teng’s comedy, there are fewer foreshadowing, and there may even be no foreshadowing, which directly "hits the nail on the head".

Obviously, a good comedy is not all the jokes piled up like Tik Tok. From theme to narrative to language, we should pay attention to everything.

What is a high-level comedy?

Is there a difference between high and low comedy?

One of the important conditions for judging whether comedy is advanced isWhether it has a successful characterization.

Shaping typical characters is the aim of all literature and art, and so is comedy.

Comedy image creation is roughly divided intoThree levelsThe first level is to "plot the characters"; The second level is to "personalize the characters"; The third level is to "psychize the characters". "Plotting of characters" is a low-level state.

The dramatization of characters can be found in early comedies. For example, Shakespeare, Song and Yuan Zaju and other classic people, this kind of drama is mainlyOnly the plot, not the personality.

For example, Meng Hua Lu, which was a fire some time ago, was adapted from Zhao Paner to save the wind and dust. And the role in Saving the Wind and Dust that can’t realize self-awakening and finally forgive everything is typical of being dominated by the plot.

When it comes to personality, the representative figures areMoliere, the father of classical comedy.For example, in "hypocrite", Titiufu disguised as a liar of the holy church and entered the rich merchant’s house.

Answer Diufu is cunning, treacherous and immoral, which makes people and gods angry. The profundity of characterization makes the protagonist a typical hypocrite.

The psychological works of characters often haveProfound social events and characters are typified and socially critical.And characters often need to confront another "strange self" in their hearts.

Such as money, feelings, dreams, etc., all the elements linked to the public.

Everyone has a person in his heart who he wants to be, but under the gravity of reality,We have to fight against our own desires.

In addition, a new "appreciation of ugliness" is also the only way for comedy to go deep.

On the one hand, comedy should retain direct banter pleasure; On the other hand, comedy should make people laugh and think at the same time.This is "judging ugliness".

From punishing ugliness and mocking ugliness in the past, it turned to exhibition ugliness.Ugliness is no longer regarded as a pure "negative", but through ugliness, we can tell the audience that we were all clowns?

That is to say, toThere are ugliness in beauty and sadness in joy.

For example, in Chaplin’s Mr. Verdu, a murderer killed several women in succession, but his real purpose was to save his seriously ill wife.

Chaplin passed"both good and evil" has achieved "beauty and ugliness are extinct"The artistic situation makes people see more profound social problems from simple cases, which is the highest realm of art.

Those who think that there is no difference between high and low comedy often think that "the audience is inconsistent" and "everyone has different aesthetic preferences".

However, it is obviously biased to determine the quality of a work through the audience.

A good work should contain a profound and eternal theme, and vulgar jokes are doomed to be abandoned.

The so-called "profound thought" is not to teach people how to cram, but to arouse the dialectical thinking of the audience.

Otherwise, the comedy will be stale.

references

[1] Cao Yang. Research on Mainland Comedy Films in the Context of Consumer Culture (1990-2019)[D]. Nanjing Normal University, 2020.

[2] Liu Zhendong. On Xiaogang Feng’s comedy films [D]. Hebei University, 2007.

[3] Sun Xiaoyu. Xiaogang Feng comedy film research [D]. Guangxi Normal University, 2015.

[4] Jay Song. Xiaogang Feng film irony art research [D]. Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences, 2015.

[5] Song Ke. Digestion and construction in humor —— On the artistic features of Xiaogang Feng’s citizen comedies [J]. yichun university Journal, 2017,39(07):101-104.

[6] Alina Zhang. Xiaogang Feng urban comedy movies: another successful example of mainstream movies [D]. Shanghai Normal University, 2010.

[7] Meng Xianglong. A Study on Narrative Characteristics of Films Directed by Xú Zhēng [D]. Hebei Normal University, 2017.

[8] Peng Xiaolu. Style characteristics of Xú Zhēng’s comedy films [J]. Film Literature, 2017(02):74-76.

[9] Dai Chong. Laughter-making mechanism, imaginative treatment of male anxiety-observing the three dimensions of the new generation of comedy films in China since the 21st century [J]. Film Review, 2020(19):77-81.

[10] Tong Wang Stephen Chow’s "Wulitou" film’s aesthetic implication of "nothing" [J]. Beauty and the Times (below), 2021(03):118-123.

[11] Chen Qijia, Chen Xiaoke. On Stephen Chow’s cruel comedy [J]. Contemporary Film, 2016(12):107-112.

[12] Wei Tianwu. A new exploration of film comedy-A further discussion on Stephen Chow and film comedy [J]. Literary contention, 2010(14):31-34.

[13] Li Mingyue. "Mahua FunAge" comedy film narrative strategy analysis [D]. Huazhong Normal University, 2018.

[14] Cheng Lianjia. Research on "Mahua FunAge Comedy Movies" [D]. Southwest University, 2020.

[15] Xi Rui. Does comedy make sense [J]. Middle School Students’ World (A Edition), 2022(05):18-21.

　　

1905 movie network news On June 17th, the film released a public interest short film, which served as a public recommendation ambassador for the film to popularize the real plight of patients and caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease, and called on everyone to pay attention to this only Oscar-winning masterpiece released in the mainland in 2021.

The film, starring Yu Lian, tells the family ties and life problems between Anthony, the father and Anne, the daughter of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The film will let everyone know the inner world of patients more deeply and feel the warm affection between parents and children more deeply. The Father will be released on the eve of Father’s Day on June 18th, and the national pre-sale is in full swing.

Public welfare short film restores real Alzheimer’s disease　

Bo Huang recommended calling for watching movies.

The Father released a short public service announcement, and joined hands with Bo Huang, the manager of "Never Forget the Restaurant", to introduce the relevant contents about Alzheimer’s disease, which made the patients and caregivers of the disease enter the public’s field of vision. As an ambassador for film recommendation, Bo Huang appealed to the public to pay attention to the patients and caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease.

The film The Father tells the family ties and life problems between Anthony, the father and Anne, the daughter of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and presents the disordered world in the brain of the elderly with Alzheimer’s disease with repeated and fragmented sensory narrative techniques, so that the audience can feel the helplessness and division of the elderly with Alzheimer’s disease from the first perspective.

In the short film, Bo Huang introduced the film to solve the strange and misplaced emotional relationship between patients with Alzheimer’s disease and their families from the perspective of patients, vividly presenting the helplessness of patients and their families, and truly restoring the realistic predicament of families with Alzheimer’s disease. The Father is about to be released, and Bo Huang, the ambassador of film public welfare recommendation, called on everyone to go into the cinema on the eve of Father’s Day and enjoy the wonderful performance of Oscar winner Anthony Hopkins on the big screen.

　

Oscar-winning masterpiece will be released soon.　　

The media in the industry highly recommend Father’s Day viewing as the first choice.

A few days ago, The Father held an advanced viewing in Beijing. Hundreds of fans, well-known media, film critics and industry experts enjoyed the Oscar-winning film in front of the big screen. Anthony Hopkins, who won the Oscar again after 30 years, was well received for his textbook performance in the film, and the audience called him "impeccable".

In addition, the unique narrative style of the film and the warm family story between father and daughter made the audience deeply shocked and burst into tears several times. The profound theme and humanistic care touched the hearts of countless audiences and aroused their love and yearning for their families. The audience felt that they should cherish this moment and not let time take away their love.

The film won numerous praises in the awards season, won 26 major awards in major film awards around the world, won 133 nominations, and won two major awards, namely, Best Actor Oscar and Best Adapted Screenplay. At the same time, the film won super-high scores on major websites at home and abroad, with the freshness of rotten tomatoes being 98%, the popcorn index being 91%, the MTC88 being 88, and the domestic douban being scored 8.7 by over 50,000 people.

Many media and film critics agree that the film The Father is the best film about the physical and psychological plight of the sick elderly in recent years. The media, industry experts and well-known film critics in the industry unanimously praised the film, praised the wonderful performances of the actors, and strongly recommended that "it must be the first choice for Father’s Day viewing", which was strongly expected by domestic audiences.

Recently, Yanjiang Branch of Ziyang City Public Security Bureau in Sichuan Province successfully destroyed a gang of "electric fraud outbound call service". By setting up VOIP (Voice Gateway) equipment, the gang disguised overseas fraudulent calls as domestic landline numbers, resulting in more than 10 people being defrauded of hundreds of thousands of yuan in just half a month. At present, Wei, who set up the equipment, has been sentenced to 2 years and 11 months in prison, and other people involved are still under investigation.

At the beginning of this year, the Yanjiang Branch of Ziyang Public Security Bureau found that Wei was suspected of building VOIP equipment to provide conditions for overseas fraudsters to cheat. In order to eradicate the "outbound" dens in time, Yanjiang police immediately organized a secret arrest operation and arrested Wei in the lobby of a hotel in Ziyang City. After the on-site trial, Wei confessed that the equipment set up in his hotel room was providing "electric fraud outbound" service for overseas fraudsters. After the search, the police seized four mobile phones, two VOIP devices and one laptop involved in the crime.

Further investigation by the police found that Wei and others not only set up equipment in Yanjiang District, ziyang, but also preset a number of VOIP equipment in Neijiang and other places, ready to provide a new round of "scam outbound" service for overseas fraudsters at any time. In a neighboring city and county in Ziyang, Wei has planned new dens in three towns and villages, with a full set of VOIP and supporting equipment, and even negotiated a commission of more than 800 yuan per hour with overseas electric fraud gangs.

"Once any new den is opened, thousands of fraudulent calls will be made intensively within a few hours, radiating more than 3 million people within the local area code, and the economic losses caused will be incalculable." Yu Yang, an anti-fraud policeman from Yanjiang Branch of Ziyang Public Security Bureau, said.

After seizing the hardware facilities, in order to prevent the resurgence of the gang, the police further pursued the organizational structure of the gang. In the following four months, the police handling the case went to many provinces and cities to collect and collect evidence, and accurately grasped the identity information of Wei’s family. After the gang’s organizational structure and criminal members surfaced one after another, in May this year, the police handling the case went to Fujian, Zhejiang and other places to collect the nets, and arrested the three main suspects involved in the case in one fell swoop, successfully cutting off more than 70 criminal chains of "electric fraud calling out black ash production", eliminating a large number of social hidden dangers.

At present, Wei, who set up VOIP equipment, was sentenced to 2 years and 11 months in prison by Yanjiang District People’s Court for fraud. Three suspects, including Que and Cao, have been criminally compulsory by the police according to law because of other illegal crimes. The case is under further investigation and processing. (Liu Yuntao, intern Li Mingfeng)

From the appearance, it incorporates many mature design elements. Generally speaking, the front design of the new generation Cadillac CT5 has become more simple and atmospheric, and some protruding lines have been added to the hood, which looks quite muscular, with sharp headlights on both sides, and the internal light groups are patchy and bright when lit. From the waist line, the new car adopts the design that looks like the side, which lengthens the visual effect of the car to a certain extent. The rim shape is atmospheric and the visual effect is acceptable. At the same time, Founder’s tail shape echoes the front, and the split taillights of the new car are more exquisite.

The interior of Cadillac CT5 is full of luxury and layering. The new car is also equipped with three models of Cadillac’s latest style, and it is also equipped with shift paddles, which is very fun to drive. In the center console and the door handle, a lot of plastic and leather materials are used to cover and wrap it, which is rich in touch. It is equipped with a 10.0-inch center console suspended LCD screen, which is clear in display and trendy in design. The front row is also equipped with a dual-temperature automatic air conditioning control system to freely debug the most comfortable space atmosphere. Leather seats give passengers just the right support and a soft and comfortable touch.

The length, width and height are 4930×1883×1445mm respectively, and the wheelbase has reached 2947 mm. In the same class, the wheelbase of Cadillac CT5 ranks third. As a medium-sized car, its body size does not occupy much advantage in its class, and its internal seating space is only basically enough. After all, it is limited by the length and shape of the body. The design of skylight also increases the subjective space feeling of front and rear passengers. Among the models of the same price and class, the trunk volume of Cadillac CT5 ranks 9th. The space is relatively regular, without obvious protrusions, and the overall loading capacity is good.

Cadillac CT5 is equipped with a 2.0 engine with a maximum output of 174kW and a maximum torque of 350Nm. It will definitely bring unforgettable control charm. The official measured acceleration of Cadillac CT5 is 7.3S, ranking 10th among 250,000-400,000 medium-sized cars.

The active/passive safety configuration of Cadillac CT5 is complete, includingAutomatic parking、Zero tire pressure endurance tire、Automatic parking、Steep slope descent、hill start assist control、knee airbag、HUD head-up display、Anti-lock braking (ABS)、Braking force distribution (EBD/CBC, etc.)、Brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.)、Traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.)、Active noise reduction、Engine start and stop、Side safety air curtain、Wireless charging of mobile phone、night vision system、LED daytime running lights、Forward reversing radar、Tire pressure monitoring、Steering wheel heating、Body stability control (ESP/DSC, etc.)、Rear reversing radar、Fatigue reminder、Remote parking、Child seat interface、Lane keeping (LKAS)Equal configuration.

Among them,Automatic parkingYou can avoid stepping on the brakes for a long time or needing to pull frequently;Steep slope descentCan safely pass through steep slope road conditions at low speed;knee airbagReduce the injury of the car interior to the occupant’s knees in the secondary collision.

In order to have a more comprehensive and objective understanding of Cadillac CT5, you can go to the Easy Car Cadillac CT5 Forum and browse the messages of users who have bought the car in history.

Original Luna bund education

highlight

Recently, Harvard University announced that starting from the fall semester, the self-developed language model CS50 Bot will be used as the teaching assistant of the popular course Introduction to Computer Science, so the new students will become the "first batch to eat crabs". This move has caused heated discussion on the Internet, and some people worry that AI will undermine students’ motivation to learn; Professor Harvard said that AI teaching assistants can alleviate the real teaching dilemma and improve the learning experience.

Wen, Luna, Jennifer

Since last year, the popularity of the AI topic has not diminished. However, it is still surprising to see that Harvard will "hire" AI in the ace elective course: "Has the application of AI evolved so fast?"

The news came from Harvard Crimson. David Malan, the lecturer of CS50 (Introduction to Computer Science), confirmed that this course will start from the autumn semester, and AI will serve students with 50 Course Assistant and Teaching Fellow (TF is a more advanced teaching assistant than CA).

The headline of Harvard Crimson &Malan’s Twitter response

The AI used this time is not the familiar GPT-3.5 or GPT-4, but a language model CS50 Bot developed by Harvard itself. It will be responsible for answering some common questions in the course, giving suggestions for revising students’ homework, and answering students’ questions at any time outside the working hours of other teaching assistants.

The CS50 course, in which AI is a teaching assistant, is a popular course at Harvard. In the past decade, the number of students enrolled in the course ranges from 500 to 800 each year. There are even students from other majors who have switched to computer science or engaged in related work in this major after finishing classes.

CS50 Statistics on the number of students who choose courses every year

Such a popular course, when Harvard has not launched a complete educational application scheme for AI, directly introduces AI teaching assistants, which makes people sigh, "How dare Harvard!"

The hot discussion on the Internet also has different ideas:

Some people think that the function of AI is too powerful, and worry that this is the beginning of AI replacing human beings?

Some people also question the ability of AI, and ask Harvard that the annual tuition fee is as high as $50,000. Is it fooling students with AI?

Some people also worry that AI will make students no longer motivated to learn, and even completely subvert human cognitive development.

So, as one of the representatives of the top universities in the United States, what does Harvard applied AI assistant think? What kind of thinking does Harvard have in the face of all kinds of doubts about the AI crisis?

Harvard’s hottest CS50 also has bad reviews.

AI teaching assistants are here to "put out the fire"

Will AI replace human teachers? This is the first reaction of many people after seeing Harvard news.

However, if you look through the report in Harvard Crimson, you will find that CS50 Bot, the teaching assistant, is more like "fighting fire" than replacing human teaching assistants and professors.

On the one hand, Malan, the lecturer, has always positioned CS50 Bot as a learning tool for students, and never mentioned that Bot should be the lecturer. Even as a teaching assistant, Bot is "inferior", and its advice can only be considered "accurate" after being confirmed by other teaching assistants.

On the other hand, Malan urgently hopes that AI can improve students’ learning experience, so that this big class of nearly 1,000 students can also provide 24-hour one-on-one tutoring. In the past, this was an impossible task.

Professor Malan gave a lecture on Introduction to Computer Science.

Photography alana Steinberg

Malan is not only planning a large-scale AI test, but also considering the dilemma of real teaching.

In many people’s impression, Harvard’s ace course has its own aura-in the YouTube recording of CS50, David Malan stood on the spacious stage of Sanders Theatre and explained those complex computer concepts like a drama.

If you are lucky enough to study at Harvard, you will also know that this course also has a huge teaching assistant group to provide reference materials and homework guidance for students.

But in March this year, another report in Harvard Crimson, Undervalued, but Highly Utilized, revealed the bitterness behind the brilliance of these large-scale introductory courses.

The Harvard Crimson Report on Teaching Assistants

"Professor Malan gave a wonderful lecture on the stage, but other studies depend on teaching assistants." Fernandes, a former CS50 teaching assistant, expressed his opinion. "In essence, it is the teaching assistant who propped up this course."

Managing the professor’s office hours, leading small tutoring and attending weekly staff meetings are still reasonable jobs for teaching assistants. Nowadays, they have to answer questions for a long time after class and prepare most of the course materials.

These burdens have far exceeded the provisions of the school agreement-teaching assistants can be paid up to 10 hours a week, and course assistants can only calculate up to 4 hours. According to this standard, Fernandes leaves only three hours for homework review every week. Even if there are dozens of people in the teaching assistant group, each person is too busy for three hours.

Leggett, the current teaching assistant of CS50, added a "slot": "The teaching assistant has to support the exhibition of CS50′ s works, but often the day after tomorrow is our own final exam of advanced computer science. The agreement never mentioned this time conflict, and the consequences can only be borne by ourselves."

In this case, CS50 is no exception. Introduction to probability and comprehensive introduction to life science are all the same.

In addition to the dissatisfaction of the student teaching assistants, the students of elective courses also suffered a lot of "dumb losses".

Harvard’s admissions website reads, "As world-class educators, professors work side by side with students to encourage them to look at problems with new eyes." However, many Harvard students feel that they are just the audience who listen to the professor’s lectures. If you really want to say that students work side by side, it is still the teaching assistant.

"Although it is indeed possible for students to have direct contact with some of the greatest scholars in the world, this opportunity is much smaller than it seems." "Harvard Crimson" commented.

What’s more, teaching assistants are students after all. No matter how much they love their subjects, there is a real gap between them and professors in knowledge, thinking and teaching.

Some students who have taken the introductory biology course complain that the teaching assistant knows a lot, but the level of counseling is worrying, and she can’t paraphrase complex concepts into expressions that she can understand. Finally, she is left to recite and memorize.

There are also teaching assistants who are limited by knowledge storage and understanding, and their opinions are contradictory to those of professors, which is simply worse for students who have doubts.

Kyle Waldman, who is studying for a doctorate, said that unless it is a small class or the students themselves are extroverted, it is "difficult for professors to interact with students continuously". Compared with smaller schools, Harvard students are "disadvantaged".

Students want more counseling, teaching assistants call for less work, and professors find it difficult to find a balance between research and teaching. The contradiction between students’ needs and the cost of manpower and time is becoming more and more prominent.

Since students cannot be banned from using AI,

It’s better to "turn an enemy into a friend" and take advantage of AI.

Malan asked AI teaching assistants to "put out the fire", so the way of using AI is also more "radical" among Harvard professors. But in fact, this is already slow.

Students’ hands and feet are faster than professors’ countermeasures. At the end of last year, just after ChatGPT came out of the circle, there were Harvard students driving ChatGPT and taking online open-book exams, and it was not a case.

It was not until late January that the email from the undergraduate education office arrived late, asking teachers to pay attention to the influence of ChatGPT, but no specific regulations were given, and the decision-making power was handed over to teachers.

Most professors in Harvard have a negative attitude towards the influence of AI technology, so many classes are forbidden to use ChatGPT, such as religion, Spanish and physics.

More teachers realize that it is impossible to ban it completely, so they try their best to reduce students’ chances of using ChatGPT and push them to learn by themselves.

Previously, the main assessment of French classes was done in the classroom, which restricted students from using Google Translate as a tool. After the popularity of ChatGPT, Amanda Gann, a lecturer, changed the final evaluation to "paper+dialogue", asking questions at any time to prevent students from writing a draft in advance with ChatGPT.

Gann admits that if it weren’t for ChatGPT, oral evaluation wouldn’t have such an important position as it is now. This also inspired her to reflect on her homework: "Is this something that only humans can do?" "How to make students not want to use AI to complete it from the beginning?"

As heroes think, so thought Bruce. Boaz Barak, a professor of computer science, also made homework and exams more difficult.

In the past, writing a simple neural network code was enough to complete an assignment; But now, students should reproduce a more complex code inspired by cutting-edge research. "Since students have access to more advanced tools, I naturally have to ask for more."

Professor Maria Dikcis of "English: The Dark Side of Big Data" went one step further and encouraged students to use ChatGPT critically. In her homework, she tried to make students compete with machine intelligence: the students wrote a short analysis article first, then generated a paper on the same topic with ChatGPT, and then compared the two articles. She hopes that students can see the shortcomings behind the brilliant appearance of AI and think about the significance and value of these shortcomings.

In contrast, the AI teaching assistants of CS50 have a feeling of "turning enemies into friends". Teachers are worried that students use AI because ChatGPT is so easy to use, so it is better to use this in turn and make AI a 24-hour online teaching assistant.

This idea is also in line with the personalized learning experience that Malan has been exploring. In order to keep students with different levels interested in CS50 all the time, Malan and teaching assistants designed assignments with different difficulties.

Statistics of Students’ Learning Feeling in CS50 Course & Hierarchical Homework Design

For example, students with weak ability to design filters for pictures can write a black-and-white filter, while students with strong ability can challenge the filter of film negative+reverse color.

Students of different levels can freely choose the difficulty of homework.

But the problem of students has been solved, and the time contradiction of teaching assistants still exists. They spend a lot of time commenting on homework. It takes less than 14 seconds for students to read the comments. After revision, it takes a long time to get a reply. "This is not an efficient way for teaching assistants and students to use their time." Malan said.

And the convenience of AI is like the missing piece of puzzle. Therefore, Malan makes AI teaching assistants undertake a lot of procedural and repetitive work. Although the revised opinions of AI teaching assistants still smell like robots, they hit the nail on the head to find the problem and give a detailed explanation, but they also got the evaluation of "weirdly informative".

CS50 Bot under test

AI teaching assistant is a large-scale technical test, and it also shows students how to use AI reasonably. After that, Malan also hopes to integrate AI technology into other STEM classes and even humanities classes, bringing some changes to teaching.

Be the master of learning or the puppet of technology?

AI is a sword of Damocles.

However, the change of teaching methods still seems to be unable to solve a question-AI is coming, can human beings hold their ground and not be replaced?

The experience of Steven Pinker, a psychology professor at Harvard University, is a very intuitive answer:

As the speaker of the introductory psychology course, he was once worried that ChatGPT was strong enough to take his place until he discovered the cognitive difference between AI and human beings.

"I asked ChatGPT,’ If Mabel is alive at 9 am and 5 pm, is she still alive at noon?’ We all know that once a person dies, he can’t be resurrected, but ChatGPT replied,’ There is no information to clearly indicate whether Mabel is still alive at noon.’ It can be seen that AI does not grasp the basic facts of the world operation and lacks common sense and logic on which human beings depend. "

"Human memory and computing power are limited, and it must be admitted that AI is stronger in retrieving a large amount of information." Pinker said, but AI’s "cognition" comes from the collection of massive information, and it has not developed logical ability, which is completely different from human beings.

Steven Pinker said in an interview with Harvard Gazette.

It can be said that thinking ability is a unique advantage of human beings, and logical ability is only one of them. Whether students can exercise various thinking abilities in their study determines the result of "confrontation" with AI. On this issue, Harvard professors also emphasized the weaknesses of AI thinking ability.

Lack of critical thinking is another obvious weakness of AI at present.

The MIT Science and Technology Review issued an early reminder that because there are a lot of biased and hateful languages on the Internet, AI as a training set will further amplify these prejudices.

In addition, generating false content has always been an obvious problem for AI. In March of this year, experts from NewsGuard found that GPT-4 responded to false news 100%, and GPT-3.5 could reply to at least 20% of false news that "these statements are groundless".

NewsGuard’s report on GPT-4

In addition, GPT-4 is less "good" at programming than before, and the introduction of AI teaching assistants on CS50 has also caused some doubts. Malan himself predicted that AI teaching assistants might "occasionally perform poorly or even make mistakes" at the beginning.

However, he believes that this is precisely the opportunity for students to exercise their thinking ability. He tells students that "when receiving information, whether it is from AI or human beings, we must always think critically. Identify the authenticity of the information, evaluate the credibility, and then decide whether to accept the other party’s information. "

The ability of reasoning and thinking is also the weakness of AI, although it is very confusing.

Some students use ChatGPT to summarize the general idea of reading materials, and its word-for-word output makes people feel that it is really thinking. But is this really the case?

Soroush Saghafian, an associate professor of public policy at Harvard’s Kenny School of Politics, called this a flaw in AI. "People think that AI can think, reason, and even think that it is omnipotent, which is the result of commercial speculation."

Frankle, the chief scientist of MosaicML, an artificial intelligence startup, also verified this statement: "The purpose of developing AI by startups has always been to build a great language model product, rather than publishing and sharing knowledge, which is only an incidental effect."

Saghafian believes that students should actively interact with ChatGPT, but also understand the disadvantages of AI itself. "At that time in 2000, teachers taught students to understand the shortcomings of search engines like Google in thinking, and now they need to treat ChatGPT as well. Students should understand the difference between reasoning and simply outputting content. "

Where does human thinking ability come from? It must be in the process of learning. However, when high scores and GPA are especially needed, students will inevitably use ChatGPT to be lazy. Even Harvard professors have limited means to use, and the decision to study is ultimately in the hands of students.

Nevertheless, Harvard University and professors try their best to inspire students:

Harvard calls the meaning of learning the value of intellectual transformation.

"It will be difficult to change yourself. To learn the principles of quantum mechanics or to understand the society before the industrial revolution, we need to deconstruct and reconstruct our world view. Therefore, Harvard University not only emphasizes academic ethics, but also expects students to experience this difficult process. "

John Hamilton, a professor of German and Comparative Literature at Harvard, said something more profound:

Technology has broken all kinds of restrictions and made our life easier and more convenient. We can fly across the world, scan literacy maps, or search keywords in Google to learn anything. However, what can give us meaning in life is limitation.

If there is enough gold, we won’t care about it; If we can live forever, we won’t care too much about life. Our concern comes from our limited ability. Life without limits will eventually be worthless.

References:

1.CS50 Will Integrate Artificial Intelligence Into Course Instruction

2.‘Undervalued, but Highly Utilized’: CAs, TFs, and the Quality of a Harvard Education

3.ChatGPT, Cheating, and the Future of Education

4.SIGCSE 2023 – Differentiating for Comfort with Computer Science

5.Harvard Taps AI to Help Teach Computer Science Course

6.How to make a chatbot that isn’t racist or sexist

7.Despite OpenAI’s Promises, the Company’s New AI Tool Produces

8.Misinformation More Frequently, and More Persuasively,than its Predecessor

9.Will ChatGPT supplant us as writers, thinkers?

Original title: "The ace course asks AI to be a teaching assistant. After reading this wave of operations at Harvard, I found that AI is a blessing or a curse, only in a moment."

Read the original text

Cards folded from thick paper on the top cover of cigarette boxes have become new toys for primary and secondary school students. Children put their hands together and beat the ground with their empty palms. These rectangular cards, called "smoke cards", won even if they were hit by the palm wind, and became a popular game. Cigarette cards have even become social tools for some children.

What is the magic of "cigarette card" to attract a large number of primary school students? For parents and schools, how to "cut off the card" is more worthy of attention.

Family "War" Caused by "Cigarette Card"

The boy Xiaojun has been playing with the "cigarette card" for a long time. How to make the child bid farewell to the "cigarette card" has caused his mother Liu Li a headache so far. "I remember the first time I found him playing, I was so angry that I tore up all his’ cigarette cards’ in front of him." Liu Li’s behavior of "tearing the card" was firm and decisive. She thought that the child would be "shocked" and then bid farewell to the "cigarette card".

But her idea was wrong. After about a month, she found Xiaojun still playing the "cigarette card" and the card was hidden in a hidden position at home. This time, Liu Li didn’t break into a furious rage in front of the children, but quietly picked up the "cigarette card" he saw and threw it away. "He must know that I threw it, and he also knew that I opposed him to play. He didn’t ask about it after throwing it away."

Netizens exposed a large number of cigarette cards from their children’s schoolbags on a certain platform, and the mother said that she was very angry.

This was finally over, but it didn’t take long for Liu Li to find a stack of "cigarette cards" in Xiaojun’s schoolbag! Time and again, Liu Li felt a little collapsed. "I really don’t know what to do. For the sake of harmonious mother-child relationship, I pretended not to see it. I have torn it, I have received it, and I have been educated as a parent. It is useless. " Liu Li also found that after playing the "cigarette card", the child’s behavior changed. "I noticed that he would imitate smoking when eating some strip biscuits."

Schools prohibit students from playing "cigarette cards" secretly.

In addition to parents, schools are also worried about playing "cigarette cards" for primary school students. Xu Yan (pseudonym), who works as a teacher in a school in Nan ‘an District, has regulations in her school that students are forbidden to bring any toys into the campus, and "cigarette cards" are also on the list, not to mention playing "card-tapping" games at school, but they still secretly bring "cigarette cards" with them.

"You can’t play in school. If the teacher sees a student playing, it will be confiscated for the first time. I have received it several times. But they will play in the neighborhood near the school after school, and several times they see students playing on their way home from work. Some shoot on the table in the community, and some simply squat on the ground. " Xu Yan said.

Another primary school teacher, Wang Ting (a pseudonym), also said that he did not allow children in the class to play, and as long as any students brought to the school, they would be confiscated. Because she found that children "shoot cigarette cards" not just for games, "some will gamble. In short, it is very bad for the losing party to agree to the requirements put forward by the winning party."

Physical and mental harm

Speaking of the harm of playing "cigarette card", Yu Chunmei, deputy director of pediatrics of Chongqing Fifth People’s Hospital, analyzed it and divided it into psychology and physiology.

Media reports of children playing with "cigarette cards" resulting in finger injuries.

In terms of health, playing "cigarette cards" is also risky. "Children are at risk of getting their hands scratched when slapping the’ cigarette card’. If it is not treated in time, it may lead to wound infection and even necrosis of related parts. If you slap your palm too hard when playing games, there is a risk of fracture of your child’s metacarpal and phalanx. The’ cigarette card’ smells like cigarettes. For children with asthma, it may cause asthma and should be avoided as much as possible. Children with allergies should also try not to contact them. If children have allergies, they may not think that the allergic source is a’ cigarette card’. In addition, children looking for cigarette cases from garbage dumps must have poor sanitary conditions, and there are also health and safety hazards, which may lead to respiratory and digestive tract infections. "

Liu Jun, a national second-level psychological counselor, believes that children playing "cigarette cards" mainly have the following five potential risks.

The "cigarette card" game is based on real cigarettes, which easily makes children mistakenly think that smoking is a normal and universal behavior, which will make children form wrong values in the process of growing up and even try to really smoke.

Second, among some students, "smoking cards" have been divorced from the game level and are being upgraded to "gambling".

Third, in the "cigarette card" game, children often compare who owns more "cigarette cards" and higher-level cigarette brands. This kind of comparison will affect their interpersonal relationship, and may make them become vain and impetuous, and excessively pursue material enjoyment.

Fourthly, because of the attraction and addiction of the "cigarette card" game, many children are easily addicted, which seriously affects their academic performance and physical health, and even has a negative impact on their psychological development, increasing the risk of behavioral problems in the future.

Fifth, the "cigarette card" game often contains the content of imitating smoking. Although it does not contain tobacco, long-term imitation of smoking may cause potential harm to children’s respiratory system and cardiovascular health. In addition, eating harmful substances on cigarette cards by mistake may also cause harm to children’s health.

Liu Jun went to the community to tell children and parents about the dangers of cigarette cards.

Parents with broken cards can do this.

How to keep children away from "cigarette cards" is a headache for parents, and Liu Jun also gives suggestions.

"Parents can look for alternative games. For example, help children develop more hobbies, such as playing ball and swimming. Encourage children to participate in some games that require innovative thinking, such as programming or scientific experiments. You can also take your children to participate in outdoor games, outdoor research, etc. to meet the different interests and needs of children. "

She also suggested that parents can also try to increase their children’s social practical experience. For example, let children participate in some scientific groups or social volunteer organizations to simulate social roles, such as simulating traffic police and firefighters, and cultivate their sense of social responsibility and practical ability. You can also make full use of social public resources and visit and study in public free places such as libraries, natural museums and science and technology museums.

Parents should also cultivate and strengthen children’s mental health education, strengthen their awareness of children’s health, help children avoid bad habits such as smoking and excessive use of electronic equipment through family rules and role models, and create a family environment that supports children’s all-round development, including physical, psychological and social adaptability.

"When implementing these suggestions, parents should adjust their methods according to their children’s age, personality and interests to ensure that the implementation of the suggestions is both effective and suitable for their children’s development needs. At the same time, parents themselves should become role models for their children and influence and educate their children through their own behaviors. " Liu Jun said.

Guide children away from cigarettes. They’re on the move.

On August 15th, Qin Qing, the prosecutor of Sister Sha from the Procuratorate of Shapingba District, Chongqing, went to the summer care class in Longtai Community, Zengjia Town, Shapingba District with a "cigarette card" and a pony Baolika, and gave a "class" to the children and their parents who are about to usher in the new semester. She asked the children in detail about the situation of everyone playing "cigarette cards" and told them about the possible harm of indulging in "cigarette cards".

"Sister Sha" prosecutor holds a "cigarette card" to explain its harm to children.

She told the children that "cigarette cards" can also lead to comparison psychology. Some children look for cigarette cases from the garbage dump and shoot "cigarette cards" on the ground may affect their health; Focusing on playing "cigarette cards" will affect learning and may lead to children’s curiosity and interest in cigarettes; The "smoke card" game may also lead to children’s gambling psychology, etc., calling on everyone to stay away from smoke cards and study hard after school starts.

Liu Jun, a national second-level psychological counselor, also made a special trip to tell the harm of children playing "cigarette cards" and how to guide parents.

This year, the Shapingba District Procuratorate also made a special trip to investigate around more than 10 primary and secondary schools in the district, and according to the results of the investigation, it delivered the pre-litigation procuratorial suggestions for administrative public interest litigation to relevant departments. Subsequently, the relevant departments launched special actions to control the sales of "cigarette cards" around the campus, such as issuing the "Proposal on Preventing Primary and Secondary School Students from Addicting to the" Cigarette Card "Game" to shops.

After consulting the relevant news reports, the upstream journalists found that the relevant departments in Jiulongpo District, Yuzhong District, Yubei District, Chengkou County, Wanzhou District and other places have taken control measures on the sales of "cigarette cards".

Upstream journalist He Yan Intern Xu Xin