According to the spirit of "Several Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Sustainable Development of Resource-based Cities" issued by the State Council, shangzhi city is facing the resource crisis and economic crisis, such as the decrease of total forest resources, the decrease of recoverable resources, the decrease of high-quality timber output, the decrease of the stock of precious tree species and the decrease of production per unit area. Focusing on the State Council’s proposal on how to seize the opportunity to change the mode of forestry growth and promote the sustainable development of economy and society through economic transformation, the work of transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities in our city is summarized as follows:
First, the effectiveness of forestry sustainable development and construction in shangzhi city
(1) Present situation of forest resources.shangzhi cityLocated in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, on the northwest slope of Zhangguangcailing, it is adjacent to Hailin County in the east, Wuchang County in the south, Acheng District of Harbin City in the west and Binxian County and Yanshou County in the north.The total administrative area of shangzhi city is 8910 square kilometers. There are six forestry units in China, namely Yabuli Forestry Bureau and Weihe Forestry Bureau, Changgang Experimental Forest Farm under the Provincial Forest Resources Bureau, Shangzhi State-owned Forest Farm Administration directly under the Provincial Forestry Department, Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm directly under the Northeast Forestry University and shangzhi city Forestry Bureau directly under the leadership of shangzhi city Municipal People’s Government. The city has more than 790,000 hectares of forestry land, accounting for 88.6% of the city’s total land area, with a forest coverage rate of 73.41% and a standing stock of 47.29 million cubic meters. In terms of ownership, the forestry land area of state-owned forestry business units is more than 720,000 hectares, and the standing stock is 44.56 million cubic meters; Non-state-owned forestry land covers an area of more than 70,000 hectares, and the standing stock is 2.73 million cubic meters; From the classification of forest land, there are more than 650 thousand hectares of forest land and more than 140 thousand hectares of other forest land.The management area and stock of non-state-owned forest areas under the responsibility of shangzhi city Forestry Bureau account for 8.5% and 5.8% of the city respectively.
(2) The history of forestry management and development.The history of forestry management in shangzhi city dates back to before 1958. The Provincial General Administration of Forestry Industry set up two forestry industry bureaus and an experimental forest farm in Shangzhi, and the county government set up a forestry bureau (field building office). Under the leadership of the county people’s Committee, a forestry department was established, and forestry assistants were set up in each commune. In the same year, Yabuli and Weihe Forest Industry Enterprise Bureau were established with the approval of the Provincial Planning Commission. In 1958, the Forestry Bureau was changed to Forestry Bureau, and 20 forest farms were set up in the county, some of which were mainly logging forest farms, and some were operating forest farms focusing on tending, management and afforestation. Thus formed the most primitive forestry system pattern. In 1963, the then Forestry Department of Shangzhi County organized the second-class investigation of forestry division and forest resources, re-divided the original 20 forest farms, and designated 10 state-owned forest farms. At that time, there were 20 forestry offices under 20 communes in the county, which were responsible for the forest management work of production teams. In 1992, the forestry system reform, under the premise of separating government from enterprises, formed Shangzhi State-owned Forest Farm Administration and shangzhi city Forestry Bureau. The forestry production and construction in shangzhi city has been ups and downs for decades, and it has been constantly improved and advanced in exploration, and has made great achievements.
——Forest management.In the era of planned economy, in order to meet the needs of national construction and people’s production and living materials, forest management activities mainly focused on logging, which led to unprecedented catastrophe of forest resources, and the total forest area and standing stock decreased sharply. As a result of the inventory in 1963, the forest coverage rate was 78%, which decreased to 57.8% in 1984. After the implementation of quota logging, the situation of excessive consumption of forest resources has been controlled and natural forests have been well protected. In 1994, the auction of "Five Wastes" was implemented, which led to a large loss of collective forest resources and excessive logging. Driven by the policy mechanism such as "maturing soil", a large number of valuable natural forest resources have been changed to forest land use, and Shangzhi’s forest resources have been greatly damaged.In the past five years, a total of 262,276 cubic meters of wood was produced, which was 32,360 cubic meters less than that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, and the amount of logging was reduced by 11%, which enabled the forest to recuperate. The transformation of low-yield and low-efficiency forests was completed in 1879 hectares, and the tending area of adult forests was 24,817 hectares, which enabled young and middle-aged forests to be nursed in time, improved the sanitary conditions in the forests, expanded the nutritional space of trees and accelerated their growth.
——Planting trees.In different historical years, under different historical conditions and different management systems, afforestation has always been supported and supported by party committees, governments, workers on the forestry front and the broad masses of the people, and the cause of afforestation has always shown a good momentum of vigorous development. Afforestation organized by the government in shangzhi city began in 1958, but the climax of afforestation was set after the allocation of "two shortages" in the 1970s and 1980s, which once set a historical record of afforestation of 200,000 mu per year. The recent peak of afforestation is the promulgation of "Decision on Greening the Land of Longjiang in Twelve Years", the issuance of two telegrams by the State Council and the provincial government, the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forests, the "fourth phase" project of the Three North Areas and the national ecological construction subsidy fund, and the decision of the provincial party committee to green the land of Heilongjiang in five years. Since 2000, more than 220,000 mu of artificial afforestation has been collectively completed only by returning farmland to forests and the "fourth phase" project of Three North Areas. At present, the afforestation area of artificial forests in collective forest areas in the city has reached 656,000 mu.
——Forest protection. By the end of 2011, 18 scientific and technological achievements had been transformed, popularized and applied, and a demonstration area of 1,000 mu of berries in cold regions had been established, and the construction of forest seedlings had been strengthened. There are 560 hectares of improved seed base, 840 hectares of seed collection base and 46 hectares of nursery, with an annual seed production capacity of 62,000 kilograms and an annual output of 33 million seedlings. Forest fire prevention has been achieved for 26 consecutive years without forest fires, the forest fire risk prediction and early warning system has been gradually established, the ability of preventing and fighting forest fires has been greatly improved, the regularization of forest public security teams has been continuously strengthened, and the infrastructure construction has been significantly improved. Through a series of centralized and unified special actions, various illegal and criminal activities have been severely cracked down, and zero planting has been realized in the work of banning seeds and shoveling drugs. New progress was made in the prevention and control of forest pests. The effective prevention and control rate of main forest pests and diseases reached 95%, the incidence rate dropped from 3% to 2.5% at present, the disaster rate was controlled at 0‰, the monitoring coverage rate reached 90.3%, and the quarantine rate of seedling production area reached 100%. A relatively complete forest pest control management system has been initially formed, with 267 fixed monitoring plots. The forestry law enforcement system has been gradually strengthened, and the investigation rate of forestry cases has been greatly improved. The research and application of forest pest control monitoring system has controlled the "four rates" index of the city’s pest control within the permitted range, and the forestry administration and public security have intensified their crackdown, severely cracking down on illegal logging and other forest resources.offenders and criminalsThe arrogance, deforestation cases decreased significantly, and forest resources were fully protected.
——Actively cultivate alternative industries and increase industrial scale production and construction. 1, complete the task of forest products industry construction. The first is to realize the transformation of the management system of forestry industry. The pencil board factory in Yibanpo Forest Farm is contracted out to foreign countries, and the processing factory in Yuanbao Forest Farm is operated in a joint-stock system, which makes a bold attempt in management. Second, the task of industrial production was fully completed. In 2011, more than 100,000 cubic meters of sawn timber were completed; 2. Vigorously develop individual economy and cultivate alternative industries. Actively guide and support forestry workers to develop individual and private economy. In 2011, the city’s forestry workers developed 10 self-employed economies. 800,000 bags of edible fungi were cultivated, and the city developed more than 1.4 billion bags of edible fungi industry; 500 livestock and poultry/animal; 3. Develop the production of small berries mainly by planting raspberries, and realize the industrialized production of non-forest industries. In 2011, according to the overall goal of the development planning of resource-exhausted cities, the city achieved 75,000 mu of planting area of small berry economic forests such as raspberries, resettled more than 20,000 employees, and solved many contradictions between agriculture and forestry. It has laid a solid foundation for the development of the four pillar industries in our city.
Second,Relevant policies and measures to promote sustainable development
(A) the policy environment to promote the development of forestry. First, the social status of forestry has been greatly improved.After the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on accelerating forestry development was issued, it provided a programmatic document for guiding the current forestry work. This decision defines forestry as not only an important public welfare undertaking, but also a basic industry, shouldering the dual tasks of ecological construction and forest product supply. At the same time, it is clear that forestry has made an important contribution to the country’s economic construction and the improvement of ecological conditions, and plays an increasingly important role in promoting the development of agriculture and rural economy in the new stage, expanding urban and rural employment and increasing farmers’ income.Second, the central government has continuously increased its investment in forestry.Since 2000, the central government has continuously increased its basic investment in forestry, and has successively launched six key forestry construction projects, among which shangzhi city has organized and implemented the project of returning farmland to forests, the "four-phase" construction project of the Three-North Shelterbelt and the forest ecological benefit compensation fund project. The implementation of these three projects has brought rare opportunities for Shangzhi’s forestry development. First, during the eight years of the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests, it will increase the forestry investment for shangzhi city by nearly 100 million yuan. Eight years’ implementation of the follow-up industrial construction of returning farmland to forests will inject 90 million yuan into the construction of forestry, rural energy and alternative industries in our city. The ecological benefit compensation fund project strives for the national investment of 720,000 yuan every year, increasing to 2.5 million yuan from 2011, not including the supporting special investment. The implementation of the three projects has increased the forest area of shangzhi city by nearly 300,000 mu (excluding state-owned), and the state will extend the compensation time for returning farmland to forests, which will greatly alleviate the problem of insufficient investment in afforestation.Third, the enthusiasm of the whole society to pay attention to forestry is constantly rising.. Firstly, with forest tourism, the in-depth development of forest by-products and the supply of high-quality building decoration materials, the whole society has a new understanding of the multi-functional benefits of forestry. Secondly, the improvement of ecological environment makes people pay more attention to the ecological benefits of forests. The third is that all sectors of society actively participate in the development and construction of forestry. As far as Shangzhi is concerned, in the past 10 years, afforestation has been mainly invested by individuals, and the forest right of returning farmland to forests is basically owned by individuals. The enthusiasm of public officials to buy forest land for afforestation is also relatively high, and there has been a rush to buy forest land and compete for afforestation.
(2) We must vigorously cultivate and protect forest resources.Accelerate forest resourcesCultivation, establish a stable high-quality wood supply system and forest ecosystem. It is necessary to vigorously develop native tree species, encourage the construction of mixed forests, make barren hills suitable for forests green, and gradually change the problem of low and single tree species structure in forest quality; It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of existing forests, vigorously cultivate precious tree species such as Korean pine, Fraxinus mandshurica, pineapple and walnut autumn, and continuously increase the proportion of precious tree species. It is necessary to effectively change the management concept, realize the transformation from simply using materials to building and cultivating a stable forest ecosystem, and at the same time meet people’s diversified ecological, economic and social needs.At present, the afforestation area in shangzhi city should be more than 400,000 mu, including 50,000 mu collectively. We should strive to complete it in 3-5 years, and at the same time, we must play the role of the main battlefield of ecological construction of state-owned forestry units to achieve a "chess game" in the city.It is necessary to further reduce timber production and resolutely put an end to over-exploitation and deforestation. The amount of timber harvested by Shangzhi in the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the Tenth Five-Year Plan is more than 800,000 meters per year. After the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project, it will be reduced to more than 400,000 cubic meters, which should be further reduced to less than 300,000 meters. At the same time, we must strengthen the protection consciousness of forest resources, strictly manage measures, and resolutely put an end to over-exploitation and deforestation. In the work, we should further strengthen supervision and inspection. Once the problem of over-quota and over-planned logging is found, we will resolutely investigate the responsibility of the "top leaders" and related responsible persons in accordance with the law and will never tolerate it. Third, we should continue to implement contract management and protection to realize the organic combination of resource protection and workers’ interests. It is necessary to further strengthen the construction of resource management and protection team, improve and perfect the supervision system of management and protection contract, implement dynamic monitoring and management of forest resources and major economic plant files in the contracted responsibility area, determine special personnel to conduct regular inspection and supervision, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of forest owners and contractors according to law, and strictly monitor the over-exploitation and utilization of forest resources.
(3) Strive to achieve sustainable forest management. First, we should fully understand the great significance of sustainable forest management.. The main purpose of sustainable forest management is to maintain the health and vitality of realistic and potential forest ecosystems through scientific management and rational utilization of forests, so as to meet the needs of economic and social development for forest products and their environmental service functions, and to ensure and promote the coordinated development of population, resources, environment, society and economy.Second, we must accurately grasp the scientific connotation of sustainable forest management.. Sustainable forest management refers to the whole dynamic process from forest cultivation, management and protection, tending to utilization, and its essential requirement is to meet the needs of contemporary people without causing harm to future generations. The core task is to increase the supply of forest products and improve the service function of forests; The basic idea is to pursue the coordination, unity and sustainable development of ecological, social and economic benefits; The goal model is to meet the continuous and diverse needs of human beings for forest resources through strict protection and scientific management.Third, we should vigorously promote the implementation process of sustainable forest management.. To solve the long-term development of forest areas, we must strictly protect the existing natural forests and control the excessive consumption of natural forest resources by stopping logging and reducing production in accordance with the principle of "strict protection, active development, scientific management and sustainable utilization". Further increase forest vegetation through artificial afforestation, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and aerial seeding afforestation; By strengthening the cultivation of young and middle-aged forests and the transformation of low-yield forests, the forest quality and woodland productivity will be continuously improved.
(4) Accelerating the pace of industrial restructuring and development. First, we must persist in scientific and technological innovation and lead industrial development.. Using modern scientific and technological means to improve the overall quality and strength of forestry industry. In 2011, the total output value of social forestry economic construction in shangzhi city was 1.38 billion yuan, the profit was 560 million yuan, and the tax paid was 80 million yuan, with an annual growth rate of more than 10%. There are mainly forest tourism, northern medicine development, green food, wood processing, willow weaving and seedling and flower industry. Among these six industries, forest industry and green food forest tourism have become the leading industries of the five industries in shangzhi city’s regional economic construction.Second, we should make full use of rich forest resources and human resources to develop characteristic tourism.. Tourism is a new leading industry in recent years. There are four national forest parks in shangzhi city, namely Maoershan tourist scenic spot centered on Lvjiaweizi, Yabuli ski resort windmill villa, a ruined tourist area and Wanfoshan tourist area. There is the first village to commemorate Zhou Libo’s Yuanbao land reform culture. There are a large number of unique tourism resources, such as the Anti-Union Base Area represented by the place where Zhao Yiman was arrested. Especially, skiing tourism in winter brings great economic and social benefits to Shangzhi every year.Third, we should support and cultivate a number of pillar industries with strong competitive strength..Taking the wood processing industry as an example, Shangzhi has 328 wood processing enterprises, with an annual output value of 290 million yuan, profits of 10 million yuan and taxes of 15 million yuan. There are more than 20 wood processing enterprises above designated size, mainly concentrated in Weihe Town, Yabuli Town, Shangzhi Town and Yuanbao Town. The development of these enterprises has formed a certain scale, and has formed a certain demonstration and driving role in the local and surrounding areas, but the product grade and competitiveness in the international market are still in a weak position, and the in-depth development and utilization of products are still at a latent level, especially the comprehensive utilization of waste has not yet reached the goal of eating dry and squeezing clean.
(5)Create a good internal and external development environment. First, we must give financial support.. The active preferential tax policy has been implemented. At present, the taxes on agricultural and forestry specialties have been abolished, and the income tax should be gradually reduced or exempted for enterprises, especially for processing enterprises that use wood residues as raw materials. Policy banks actively provide financial services in line with the characteristics of forestry, appropriately extend the term of forestry loans, broaden the types of support loans, lower the threshold of loan access, and extend the length of loans, so that enterprises and farmers can enjoy the preferential policies of state financial support, and solve the problem of insufficient investment in forestry.Second, we should further deepen the reform of the forestry system.. As far as Shangzhi is concerned, the forestry system can be called the management pattern of "three gangs and five countries". The state-owned forestry units in China occupy more than half of Shangzhi and belong to different higher authorities, so it is difficult to implement a unified pace in the overall planning and implementation of ecological construction, the unified allocation of resources and the systematic development of industries. Especially in the construction of ecological environment, it failed to give full play to the main battlefield role of construction. Therefore, in order to strengthen environmental construction, improve the relationship between forest and farmers, promote the adjustment of industrial structure, and speed up the pace of forest areas and farmers getting rich, it is necessary to continuously increase the government’s macro-control and give local governments corresponding rights.Third, we must continuously increase infrastructure construction.. We should only focus on the overall goal of establishing a complete ecological system and a developed forestry industrial system, increase basic investment around law enforcement, fire prevention and pest control, forest development through science and technology, management and protection network and resource cultivation. Through the establishment and improvement of various infrastructures, we will continue to deepen forestry construction and promote the great and rapid development of forestry.
Third, the problems and contradictions faced
Realizing the release of rural potential and promoting rural economic development by deepening the reform of forest right; Increase farmers’ income, promote farmers’ employment and maintain rural stability; Improve the ecological benefits and the supply capacity of forest products and forest by-products; Promote the transformation from traditional forestry to modern forestry. To promote this reform, it is necessary to establish the dominant position of farmers, clarify the ownership and use rights of trees, liberalize the management rights, implement the disposal rights and guarantee the income rights on the premise of keeping the ownership of rural land unchanged. In a short period of time, set up on the basis of individual contract management,Management mechanism of forest region with coexistence of various economic forms and unity of responsibility and rights.First, the reform of collective forest rights can enrich and improve the rural household contract responsibility system.Woodland, like cultivated land, is an important land resource of the country, an important production factor of forestry and an important livelihood guarantee for farmers. We will promote the reform of collective forest rights, give farmers the right to use forest land, and let farmers enjoy the ownership, use and income rights of forest land according to law. Realize "the mountain has its owner, the owner has its right, the right has its responsibilities, and the responsibility has its benefits", so that the production relations of forestry can better meet the development requirements of productive forces and further liberate and develop rural productive forces.Second, the reform of collective forest rights can expand the space for agricultural development.Through the reform of forest right, various production factors such as capital, technology and labor will be attracted to forestry and forest areas, and the ecological, economic, cultural and social multi-functional benefits of forestry will be continuously developed, the social supply capacity of forest products and forest by-products will be increased, the field of forestry management will be extended in depth and breadth, and the diversity and versatility of forestry will be developed.Third, the support and means to enhance the competitiveness of forestry through the reform of collective forest rights.The development of industry depends on the market mechanism. Only by adjusting the forestry structure to the market can we continuously improve the quality and efficiency of forestry. Only by fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of market players can we continuously improve the comprehensive forestry capacity and management level. Through the reform of forest right, the market mechanism is introduced into forestry economy and ecological construction, the property right relationship is clear, the market subject is clear, the market system is cultivated, and the market transaction is standardized, so that forestry has inherent development vitality and a virtuous cycle development mechanism is established.Fourth, the reform of forest rights can provide guarantee for ecological construction.To protect and manage the forest ecological environment well, only by protecting in development and protecting in development can we realize the benign interaction between development, utilization and protection, and only by further clarifying the relationship between property rights, income and distribution can we achieve people’s concentration and take root in the mountains, and can we better play the ecological and economic benefits of forestry.
In short, according to the requirements of the State Council’s "Several Opinions", there is a big gap in building a resource-based city and realizing sustainable development in our city. It is difficult to get rid of the accumulated disadvantages for many years, and it will take a long time to repair the excessive damage. However, the people of the city will make concerted efforts to overcome difficulties and unswervingly follow the road of sustainable development.
Four, 2012 and the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period of sustainable development.
Strive to increase the forest coverage rate to74%more thanBreakthrough progress has been made in ecological management, soil erosion in major river basins and desertification in major sandstorm areas have been alleviated, the overall deterioration of ecological conditions has been initially curbed, and the forestry industrial structure has become more reasonable. The area of ecological public welfare forest protected by the state has reached 109,000 hectares, accounting for 55.9% of the forest area; The nature reserve covers an area of 2,591 hectares. The average productivity of forest land increased from 73.4 to 80 cubic meters/hectare; The supply rate of commercial timber in plantation reached over 35%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of timber reached. 90%, basically realize the transformation from cutting natural forests to cutting artificial forests; The seed supply rate of afforestation base will reach over 30%, the utilization rate of improved varieties will reach 65%, the qualified rate of seedlings leaving the nursery is 90%, the rate of first-class seedlings leaving the nursery is 85%, the self-sufficiency rate of seedlings is 100%, and the rate of container seedling raising is 10%. The incidence of forest pests and rodents will be controlled below 5%, the disaster rate will be controlled below 4.5‰, the monitoring coverage rate will reach over 90%, and the effective control rate will reach over 80%. The fire rate of forest land should be controlled below 1‰. The contribution rate of scientific and technological progress reached 60%.
(Source: National Rural Economic Dynamic Monitoring Point, shangzhi city Development and Reform Commission, Heilongjiang Province)
