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Text/peach and plum

Undoubtedly, the ideal is the best among the new power brands at present, and the world of inquiry has become the biggest competitor of the ideal by the bright performance of M7 and M9, and with the exposure of the brand-new world of inquiry M8, the impact of the world of inquiry on the sales volume of the ideal market continues.

Although the new car may not be officially released until Guangzhou Auto Show, the popularity of M8 in the world is very high, and the empowerment of Huawei’s black technology has become the focus of attention in the automotive industry. Moreover, according to the current product camp, it is not difficult to speculate that the pricing of new cars may be in the range of 350,000 to 450,000 yuan, directly targeting the popular and other models in the current market.

Therefore, this model not only bears the heavy responsibility of breaking through the brand in the world, but also has high hopes to become the key to surpassing the ideal of competitors in sales. It is reported that the M8 will be listed at the end of February, and the new car will be delivered in early March. This compact listing rhythm undoubtedly shows the confidence and expectation of the M8 market performance.

According to the exposed pictures, Wen Jie M8 shows a completely different style from and M9 in appearance design. The front face of the new car adopts a brand-new headlight group. Although it retains the family-style design language of the through belt, the details are more exquisite and unique. The design of the closed grille at the front of the car and the possible adjustment of the lamp style indicate that the M8 will bring a refreshing visual experience while maintaining its family characteristics.

As for the interior, the M8 has been innovated and optimized on the basis of inheriting the design of the M9 triple screen, and the right angles on both sides have become rounded corners, which are matched with diamond decorative plates, star ring scatterers, projection giant screens and other elements to create a more luxurious and technological driving atmosphere.

What’s more, the M8 will be equipped with the Rubik’s Cube platform for the first time. This innovative platform not only endows the new car with the unique skill of rear wheel steering, but also indicates the infinite possibilities of the brand in the future product layout.

The Rubik’s Cube platform will be compatible with cars, SUVs, MPVs, pure electric vehicles, extended range, hybrid vehicles and other power forms, laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the brand. In the future, with the advent of more models based on the Rubik’s Cube platform, the product matrix of Wenjie brand will be more perfect and the market competitiveness will be significantly improved.

In terms of battery life and charging, the M8 also showed strong competitiveness. The new car will be equipped with the "Whale" 800V high-voltage battery pack. By greatly reducing the number of wire harnesses and the thickness of the battery pack, the fast charging ability of 150 kilometers in 5 minutes is realized.

At the same time, the pure battery life of the M8 is expected to exceed 600 kilometers, and the extended-range version will exceed 1,400 kilometers, which can easily cope with both urban commuting and long-distance travel, showing excellent battery life and fuel economy performance. If this is the case, the M8 can not only balance the problems of endurance anxiety and high oil price pressure, but also attract users’ attention with the blessing of various black technologies.

Write at the end:

At present, with its precise market positioning, innovative design, luxurious interior configuration and strong technical strength of Sanpower, Wenjie M8 can become a group of dark horses in the next new energy vehicle market. In the future market competition, ask whether M8 can successfully surpass competitors such as Ideal with these advantages, realize the leap-forward growth of sales volume, and once again "cripple" the ideal. Everyone who eats melons can look forward to it.

Recently, Xiao Jiu backstage received such a private letter:

"I am 56 years old. I have been diagnosed with hypertension for 6 years, and I have been taking antihypertensive drugs. Yesterday, my old friend shared an article with me and told me that four batches of antihypertensive drugs were recalled because of carcinogens. The antihypertensive drugs I just ate are one of them. What should I do? Should I stop taking the medicine? What should I do if I eat cancer again? "

In fact, it is not the first time that antihypertensive drugs have been recalled because they contain carcinogens. As early as 2018, sartan drugs were recalled. What about this antihypertensive drug recall that fans privately wrote?

01

Reproduced carcinogens, 4 batches of antihypertensive drugs were recalled.

On December 21, 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a recall announcement, which stated that Lupin Pharmaceuticals voluntarily recalled four batches of quinapril tablets because nitrosamine impurities, a possible carcinogen, were detected in these drugs, which exceeded the maximum acceptable daily dose stipulated by WHO. The FDA believes that if people are exposed to nitrosamine impurities above the maximum daily intake for a long time, it may increase the risk of cancer.

Quinapril tablet is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, which is mainly used for the treatment of patients with hypertension to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events caused by hypertension.

Can I continue to take this medicine? According to the company’s announcement, no adverse event report related to this time has been received. And they suggest that patients who take this medicine contact doctors or medical service providers to find out whether to continue taking the medicine or whether to consider other treatment methods before returning the medicine.

In fact, it is not the first time that antihypertensive drugs have been recalled because of nitrosamine impurities:

On March 4th, 2022, Pfizer Canada completely recalled the antihypertensive drugs Accuretic tablets (quinapril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide tablets) in the Canadian market.

On March 21st, 2022, Pfizer voluntarily recalled 11 batches of products in the United States, including 6 batches of Accuretic tablets, 1 batch of quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide tablets and 4 batches of quinapril hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide tablets.

On October 24th, 2022, Aurobindo Pharma USA voluntarily recalled two batches of quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets.

The reason for the above three recalls was that the content of nitrosamines containing potential carcinogenic impurities exceeded the prescribed standards. Why do nitrosamine impurities with such high risks often appear in antihypertensive drugs?

Jin Pengfei, deputy director and chief pharmacist of the Pharmacy Department of Beijing Hospital, said that nitrosamine impurities in drugs are related to many reasons, such as process generation, degradation pathway and pollution introduction. In the process of drug synthesis, amine compounds may react with other reagents to produce nitrosamine impurities; Inadvertently using materials contaminated by nitrosamines in the production process of raw materials may also be risky; In addition, some drugs may degrade to produce nitrosamine impurities under special circumstances. He also said that if we want to control the generation of such impurities, we should adopt the strategy of avoiding first and controlling second.

02

Get rid of those rumors about antihypertensive drugs

1. Does hydrochlorothiazide increase the risk of skin cancer?

In 2017, a research article published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology showed that people who use hydrochlorothiazide frequently increase the risk of skin cancer; Coincidentally, an article in the Danish National Demography and Health Registry shows that the use of thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide may increase the risk of skin cancer and lip cancer. So is this really the case?

In this regard, Qin Xiuchuan, chief physician of Beijing anzhen hospital Emergency and Critical Care Center affiliated to Capital Medical University, said that all these so-called studies have great limitations and did not include the main risk factors of skin cancer, such as ultraviolet exposure and skin type. The skin differences between different races are not taken into account, so there is no causal relationship between hydrochlorothiazide and skin cancer. Patients who are taking drugs must not stop taking them without authorization.

2, antihypertensive drugs are dependent, don’t eat?

Many people think that once antihypertensive drugs are taken, they can’t be thrown away. They need to be taken for a lifetime and will be dependent. But in fact, taking antihypertensive drugs is not dependent. Moreover, hypertension itself is a chronic disease that cannot be cured. If you want to control blood pressure in a stable range, you can only take medicine for a long time according to the doctor’s advice to avoid cardiovascular accidents.

3. You don’t need to take medicine without symptoms?

Many people think that no discomfort is a sign of normal blood pressure, so there is no need to continue taking drugs. In fact, this idea is not correct. Many hypertensive patients have no obvious discomfort when their blood pressure rises to nearly 200. Stopping drugs without authorization will lead to excessive blood pressure fluctuation, which is easy to induce cardiovascular accidents.

4. The lower the blood pressure, the better?

Excessive blood pressure drop in a short period of time will easily lead to an increase in the risk of diseases such as cerebral apoplexy. And the lower the blood pressure, the better. For patients with hypertension, what needs to be pursued is to reduce the blood pressure smoothly and control the blood pressure at about 140/90mmHg.

03

Lower blood pressure and put away the summary of Mayo Clinic in America.

Five "depressurization methods"

Mayo Clinic, a non-profit medical institution in the United States, has won the international hospital competition for seven consecutive years. Regarding how to lower blood pressure, Mayo Clinic provides five life suggestions for patients with hypertension:

Eat less salt.

Patients with hypertension should pay attention to eating more fruits and vegetables, grains and low-fat dairy products in their daily diet, and reduce the intake of high-fat and high-cholesterol foods. At the same time, attention should be paid to limiting salt intake, and it is suggested that the daily salt intake should be kept below 5g.

Restrict alcohol and tobacco

Alcohol and tobacco will cause abnormal vasoconstriction after entering the body, and will reduce the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. It is necessary for hypertensive patients to quit smoking and limit alcohol if they want to control their blood pressure better.

Stick to exercise

It is recommended to maintain at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every week, and the time of each exercise is not less than 30 minutes. You can choose aerobic exercise such as walking, jogging, cycling and swimming, and pay attention to long-term exercise.

Lose fat

Obesity is one of the main causes of high blood pressure. It is necessary to lose weight in order to control blood pressure better. Want to lose weight, nothing more than six words-shut up, take your legs, lose weight in a scientific way, and don’t blindly diet.

Learn to decompress

Being in a state of excessive pressure for a long time will lead to sympathetic nerve excitement and easy to cause blood pressure to rise. Pay attention to adjust your emotions in life and don’t let your spirit be too tight.

In short, it is the key for hypertensive patients to take antihypertensive drugs for a long time if they want to control their blood pressure. Hypertensive patients should never stop taking drugs without authorization, and they need to discuss with their attending doctors before making a decision. In addition to taking antihypertensive drugs, we should maintain a healthy lifestyle, eat a balanced diet, eat less salt and exercise more, so that blood pressure will be stable.

References:

[1] Where do the carcinogens that exceed the standard in the "recall door" of Pfizer antihypertensive drugs come from? Phoenix Net Health. 2022-03-27

[2] "Don’t eat antihypertensive drugs! 6 Misunderstandings of Drug Use to Know. Dr. Lilac. 2019-09-05.

[3] "Mayo Clinic in the United States summed up 10" life-lowering methods ",insisting on doing blood pressure can be lowered a little bit". Life Times .2021-04-19

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Hunan Provincial Bureau of Statistics   Hunan Investigation Corps of National Bureau of Statistics

March 23, 2023

In 2022, in the face of the stormy international environment, arduous and arduous tasks of reform, development and stability, and the overlapping influence of epidemic situation, flood and drought, the whole province adhered to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, took the convening of the 20th Party Congress as the main line, studied, publicized and implemented the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, and earnestly implemented the important requirements of "keeping the epidemic under control, stabilizing the economy and ensuring safe development". Fully implement the strategic positioning and mission of "three highs and four innovations", adhere to the working idea of "steady progress in high and new technologies", do a good job of "two overall plans", keep the overall economic and social situation stable, and make progress in major economic indicators, so as to lay a solid foundation for making a good start in the construction of a modern new Hunan with Chinese characteristics.

First, comprehensive       close

According to the unified accounting results of regional GDP, the annual regional GDP[2] 4,867.04 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5% over the previous year, higher than the national average. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 460.27 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6%; The added value of the secondary industry was 1,918.26 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 2,488.51 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%. The per capita GDP was 73,598 yuan, an increase of 4.8%.

The tertiary industrial structure is 9.5: 39.4: 51.1. The industrial added value increased by 6.4% over the previous year, accounting for 30.9% of the regional GDP; The added value of high-tech industries increased by 12.7%, accounting for 24.4% of the regional GDP; The added value of strategic emerging industries increased by 7.5%, accounting for 10.5% of the regional GDP. The contribution rates of the added value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries to economic growth are 8.2%, 51.3% and 40.5% respectively. Among them, the contribution rate of industry to economic growth is 42.6%, and that of producer services is 23.4%.

Regionally, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area[3]The GDP was 2,028.05 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5% over the previous year; The GDP of southern Hunan was 948.05 billion yuan, an increase of 5.3%; The GDP of western Hunan was 781.62 billion yuan, up by 4.2%. The GDP of Dongting Lake area was 1,109.32 billion yuan, an increase of 4.9%.

Second, agriculture       job

The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 816.01 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8% over the previous year. The grain planting area was 4,765.5 thousand hectares, an increase of 7.2 thousand hectares or 0.2%. Among them, the area of summer grain was 112.6 thousand hectares, a decrease of 1.2 thousand hectares or 1.1%; The area of early rice was 1212.8 thousand hectares, a decrease of 6.8 thousand hectares or 0.6%; The area of autumn grain was 3,440.1 thousand hectares, an increase of 15.2 thousand hectares or 0.4%. Among the autumn grain areas, the area of middle rice and late rice in one season is 1481.9 thousand hectares, an increase of 2.7 thousand hectares or 0.2%; The area of double-cropping late rice is 1273.0 thousand hectares, an increase of 0.7 thousand hectares or 0.1%. The annual grain output was 30.18 million tons, a decrease of 563,000 tons and a decrease of 1.8%. Among them, the output of summer grain was 456,000 tons, an increase of 5,000 tons and an increase of 1.0%; The output of early rice was 7.413 million tons, a decrease of 25,000 tons and a decrease of 0.3%. The output of autumn grain was 22.311 million tons, a decrease of 543,000 tons and a decrease of 2.4%.

The annual cotton planting area was 64.6 thousand hectares, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year; The planting area of sugar is 7.6 thousand hectares, an increase of 0.4%; The oil planting area was 1518.2 thousand hectares, an increase of 2.6%. Cotton output was 82,000 tons, an increase of 2.3%; 2.77 million tons of oil, an increase of 5.3%; 195,000 tons of flue-cured tobacco, an increase of 5.8%; 265,000 tons of tea, an increase of 2.6%.

The total output of pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry was 5.773 million tons, an increase of 3.1% over the previous year. Among them, the output of pork was 4.579 million tons, an increase of 3.3%; The beef output was 216,000 tons, an increase of 1.4%; The mutton output was 182,000 tons, an increase of 4.0%; The output of poultry meat was 796,000 tons, an increase of 2.3%. At the end of the year, the number of live pigs was 41.162 million, down 2.0% from the end of last year, among which the number of fertile sows was 3.696 million, up 0.4%; The cattle population was 4.418 million, an increase of 1.5%; The number of sheep was 8.014 million, an increase of 3.4%; There were 363.324 million poultry in cages, down by 3.0%. In the whole year, 62.482 million pigs were slaughtered, an increase of 2.1% over the previous year; 1.831 million cattle were slaughtered, an increase of 1.3%; 11.014 million sheep were slaughtered, an increase of 3.5%; 552.132 million poultry were released, an increase of 2.2%. The output of poultry eggs was 1.175 million tons, down by 0.3%; The milk output was 72,000 tons, an increase of 26.3%; The output of aquatic products was 2.726 million tons, an increase of 2.4%.

232 high-standard farmland construction projects were implemented throughout the year, with a construction area of 4.6 million mu. 2619 water conservancy construction projects were started, with an investment of 56.60 billion yuan, and 240 million cubic meters of earth and stone were completed. 6,995.7 kilometers of rural tourist roads, resource roads and industrial roads were upgraded and transformed. At the end of the year, the total power of agricultural machinery was 67.78 million kilowatts, an increase of 1.5% over the end of the previous year.

III. Industry and Construction Industry

The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 7.2% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of private enterprises increased by 7.5%, accounting for 69.8% of industries above designated size. High-tech manufacturing[4]The added value increased by 18.0%, accounting for 13.9% of industries above designated size, an increase of 0.9 percentage points over the previous year. equipment manufacturing industry[5]The added value increased by 9.9%, accounting for 31.7% of industries above designated size. The industrial added value of provincial and above industrial parks increased by 8.0%, accounting for 72.5% of industries above designated size, up by 2.7 percentage points over the previous year. The added value of the six high energy-consuming industries increased by 6.6%, accounting for 30.2% of the industries above designated size. Regionally, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 8.1% in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, 8.3% in southern Hunan, 5.8% in western Hunan and 7.0% in Dongting Lake.

Among the main products of industrial statistics above designated size in the whole year, rice was 18.509 million tons, down 1.9% from the previous year; Feed was 22.606 million tons, an increase of 6.7%; The processing capacity of crude oil was 8.283 million tons, up by 2.4%; 99.444 million tons of cement, down 6.3%; 30.383 million tons of steel, an increase of 1.9%; Ten kinds of non-ferrous metals were 2.323 million tons, down 3.7%; 30,000 concrete machines, down by 24.5%; 916,000 cars, an increase of 38.2%; The power generation was 165.90 billion kWh, down by 0.6%.

Table 1  Output and growth rate of major industrial products above designated size in 2022[6]

Total profits of industrial enterprises above designated size[7]231.01 billion yuan, up 11.5% over the previous year. In terms of economic types, state-owned enterprises reached 13.26 billion yuan, up by 19.4%; Collective enterprises reached 480 million yuan, an increase of 63.7%; Joint-stock cooperative enterprises reached 400 million yuan, an increase of 62.5%; Joint-stock enterprises reached 195.33 billion yuan, an increase of 11.1%; Foreign investors and businessmen from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan invested 14.78 billion yuan, an increase of 8.8%; Other domestic-funded enterprises reached 7.13 billion yuan, up by 10.1%. Among the top five industries with total profits, the manufacturing of chemical raw materials and chemical products was 21.79 billion yuan, an increase of 24.3%; Computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry reached 20.79 billion yuan, an increase of 28.7%; Non-metallic mineral products industry was 20.18 billion yuan, down 15.6%; The tobacco products industry was 13.21 billion yuan, an increase of 33.2%; The special equipment manufacturing industry was 12.79 billion yuan, down by 14.2%. The cost per 100 yuan of operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size is 83.26 yuan, and the profit rate of operating income is 4.85%. At the end of the year, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 51.4%.

The added value of the construction industry in the whole year was 417.49 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1% over the previous year. The total profit of general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises above qualification was 33.27 billion yuan, down by 7.8%. The building construction area was 761.601 million square meters, down by 0.3%. The completed building area was 239.885 million square meters, down by 0.2%.

Fourth, the service industry

The added value of wholesale and retail industry in the whole year was 478.71 billion yuan, an increase of 1.8% over the previous year; The added value of transportation, warehousing and postal services was 169.69 billion yuan, up by 0.6%; The added value of accommodation and catering industry was 95.15 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2%; The added value of the financial industry was 242.15 billion yuan, up by 6.2%; The added value of the real estate industry was 282.20 billion yuan, down by 3.9%; The added value of information transmission, software and information technology services was 115.38 billion yuan, an increase of 15.0%; The added value of leasing and business services was 159.74 billion yuan, up by 4.9%. The annual operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased by 7.8%, and the total profit increased by 7.5%.

The annual turnover of passenger and cargo transportation was 351.16 billion tons kilometers, down 2.7% from the previous year. The turnover of cargo transportation was 295.05 billion tons kilometers, an increase of 1.2%. Among them, the railway turnover was 101.56 billion tons kilometers, an increase of 2.9%; The turnover of highways was 146.50 billion tons kilometers, up by 0.3%. Passenger transport turnover was 78.10 billion person-kilometers, down by 22.9%. Among them, the railway turnover was 53.87 billion person-kilometers, down by 18.5%; Highway turnover was 14.66 billion person-kilometers, down by 25.0%; The turnover of civil aviation was 9.39 billion person-kilometers, down by 39.7%.

At the end of the year, the mileage of highways was 242,400 kilometers, an increase of 0.2% over the end of last year. Among them, the expressway mileage was 7330 kilometers, an increase of 247 kilometers. The operating mileage of railways was 6,078 kilometers, an increase of 2.9%. Among them, the high-speed railway is 2408 kilometers, an increase of 159 kilometers. The number of civilian vehicles was 11.064 million, an increase of 6.9%. Among them, the number of private cars was 10.308 million, an increase of 7.0%. The number of civilian cars was 6.1 million, an increase of 7.5%.

Table 2  In 2022, the total volume of passenger and cargo transportation completed by various modes of transportation and its growth rate

Total business volume of postal industry in the whole year[8]32.82 billion yuan, up 10.9% over the previous year; Total telecom service[9]66.69 billion yuan, an increase of 26.9%. At the end of the year, there were 5.487 million fixed-line users, down 3.5% from the end of the previous year; There were 71.806 million mobile phone users, an increase of 3.4%. By the end of the year, there were 24.751 million Internet broadband users, an increase of 6.5%.

There were 430 million domestic tourists in the whole year, an increase of 1.0% over the previous year; There were 77,000 inbound tourists, an increase of 10.6%. The total tourism revenue was 648.80 billion yuan, down by 0.9%. Among them, domestic tourism revenue was 648.64 billion yuan, down by 0.9%; International tourism revenue reached US$ 20 million, up by 21.8%.

V. Investment in fixed assets

Annual investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) increased by 6.6% over the previous year. Among them, private investment increased by 8.5%. In terms of economic types, state-owned investment decreased by 7.9% and non-state-owned investment increased by 11.2%. In terms of investment direction, investment in people’s livelihood projects increased by 3.2%, investment in ecological environment increased by 1.9%, investment in infrastructure increased by 8.0%, and investment in high-tech industries increased.[10]The growth rate was 22.4%, and the investment in industrial technological transformation increased by 4.6%. Regionally, investment in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan increased by 1.7%, investment in southern Hunan increased by 10.8%, investment in greater western Hunan increased by 7.8%, and investment in Dongting Lake increased by 9.1%.

The investment in real estate development in the whole year was 518.03 billion yuan, down 4.6% from the previous year. Among them, residential investment was 405.30 billion yuan, down 2.7%. The sales area of commercial housing was 67.929 million square meters, down by 26.1%. Among them, the residential sales area was 60.854 million square meters, down by 26.8%. The sales of commercial housing was 431.23 billion yuan, down by 28.6%. Among them, residential sales reached 380.01 billion yuan, down by 29.5%. At the end of the year, the area of commercial housing for sale was 12.213 million square meters, an increase of 750,000 square meters or 6.5% over the end of the previous year.

Table 3  Growth rate of fixed assets investment in 2022

VI. Domestic Trade and Prices

The total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole year was 1,905.07 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4% over the previous year. In terms of business locations, the retail sales of urban consumer goods was 1,646.64 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4%; The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 258.43 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8%. In terms of consumption types, the retail sales of commodities was 1,675.80 billion yuan, an increase of 2.6%; The catering revenue was 229.26 billion yuan, up by 1.0%. In terms of regions, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan reached 740.47 billion yuan, up by 2.4%. The total retail sales of social consumer goods in southern Hunan was 386.83 billion yuan, an increase of 2.7%; The total retail sales of social consumer goods in western Hunan was 340.60 billion yuan, an increase of 2.0%; The total retail sales of social consumer goods in Dongting Lake area was 437.17 billion yuan, an increase of 2.6%.

Table 4  Total retail sales of social consumer goods and its growth rate in 2022

The retail sales of wholesale and retail commodities above designated size reached 633.62 billion yuan, an increase of 8.8% over the previous year. By commodity category, the retail sales of grain, oil and food increased by 13.5%, cosmetics decreased by 20.9%, household appliances and audio-visual equipment decreased by 4.9%, Chinese and western medicines increased by 15.4%, communication equipment increased by 15.8%, petroleum and products increased by 15.7%, and automobiles increased by 5.9%. Among green smart goods, the retail sales of wearable smart devices increased by 7.9%, and new energy vehicles increased by 134.1%.

The annual online retail sales of physical goods reached 211.67 billion yuan, up by 14.5% over the previous year, accounting for 11.1% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods.

The annual consumer price rose by 1.8% over the previous year. Among them, cities rose by 1.7% and rural areas rose by 1.9%. The retail price of commodities rose by 3.2%. The ex-factory price of industrial producers rose by 2.0%, and the purchase price of industrial producers rose by 4.8%. Producer prices of agricultural products rose by 3.6%.

Table 5  The fluctuation range of consumer prices in 2022 compared with the previous year.

VII. Foreign Economy

Total annual import and export volume[11]705.82 billion yuan, up 20.2% over the previous year. Among them, exports reached 515.45 billion yuan, up by 25.3%; Imports reached 190.36 billion yuan, an increase of 8.3%. In terms of trade mode, the general trade export was 453.16 billion yuan, an increase of 30.5%; The export of processing trade was 38.57 billion yuan, down 3.4%. Among the key export commodities, mechanical and electrical products were 212.37 billion yuan, an increase of 18.3%; High-tech products reached 55.92 billion yuan, an increase of 12.2%. In terms of production and sales countries (regions), the export to the United States was 72.54 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8%; Exports to Hong Kong, China reached 52.93 billion yuan, up 2.6%; Export to EU[12]50.38 billion yuan, an increase of 7.8%; Exports to ASEAN reached 116.38 billion yuan, an increase of 68.5%; Exports to countries along the "Belt and Road" reached 212.11 billion yuan, an increase of 52.5%; Exports to other RCEP member countries reached 159.76 billion yuan, an increase of 49.0%.

Table 6  Total import and export volume and its growth rate in 2022

The actual use of foreign direct investment in the whole year was 3.53 billion US dollars, an increase of 46.1% over the previous year. Among them, the primary industry was $0.2 billion, down by 41.8%; The secondary industry was $1.17 billion, an increase of 214.8%; The tertiary industry was US$ 2.34 billion, up by 16.0%. One of the world’s top 500 enterprises was newly introduced. In fact, the domestic and foreign funds in place were 1,292.98 billion yuan, an increase of 14.6%. Among them, the primary industry was 67.54 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6%; The secondary industry was 695.96 billion yuan, an increase of 29.9%; The tertiary industry was 529.48 billion yuan, an increase of 0.4%. 1,515 major projects with contracts of more than 200 million yuan (foreign investment of 30 million US dollars) were introduced.

In the whole year, the newly signed contracts for foreign contracted projects amounted to US$ 2.48 billion, with a turnover of US$ 1.76 billion. 5,000 laborers of various types were dispatched. Foreign direct investment increased Chinese contract value by 2.68 billion US dollars, up by 226.4%. The actual amount of foreign direct investment was US$ 1.91 billion, up by 14.8%.

VIII. Finance and finance

The local general public budget revenue in 2001 was 310.18 billion yuan, down 4.6% from the previous year (the same caliber increased by 6.6% after deducting the tax rebate and other factors). Among them, the tax revenue was 200.45 billion yuan, down by 10.8%; Non-tax revenue was 109.73 billion yuan, an increase of 9.2%. Among tax revenue, domestic value-added tax was 54.15 billion yuan, down 31.0%; Enterprise income tax was 23.43 billion yuan, down 13.6%. The general public budget expenditure was 900.53 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2%. Among them, education expenditure was 150.25 billion yuan, an increase of 9.4%; Expenditure on social security and employment was 144.20 billion yuan, an increase of 9.9%; Health expenditure was 82.18 billion yuan, an increase of 11.1%; Expenditure on science and technology was 27.99 billion yuan, an increase of 28.8%; Expenditure on housing security was 22.34 billion yuan, up by 0.5%.

Table 7  Revenue and Expenditure of Local General Public Budget and Its Growth Rate in 2022

At the end of the year, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of financial institutions was 7,014.19 billion yuan, an increase of 11.5% over the end of the previous year. Among them, the balance of household deposits was 4,131.39 billion yuan, an increase of 16.3%; The balance of deposits of non-financial enterprises was 1,417.47 billion yuan, an increase of 2.6%. The balance of local and foreign currency loans was 6,235.15 billion yuan, up by 11.7%. Among them, the balance of household loans was 2,157.62 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8%; The loan balance of non-financial enterprises and government organizations was 4,049.89 billion yuan, an increase of 15.9%.

Table 8  The balance of local and foreign currency deposits and loans of financial institutions at the end of 2022 and its new increase.

At the end of the year, there were 138 listed companies in the province, and the total direct financing for the whole year was 367.89 billion yuan, down 17.0% from the previous year. At the end of the year, the total market value of A-share listed companies was 1,585.18 billion yuan, down 20.5% from the end of the previous year. At the end of the year, there were 434 business departments of securities companies, a decrease of 5; The annual securities transaction volume was 11,979.11 billion yuan, down by 1.6%. At the end of the year, there were 2 futures companies in the jurisdiction, which was the same as the end of last year; The annual turnover was 5,574.65 billion yuan, down by 21.9%.

In the whole year, the original insurance premium income of insurance companies was 161.37 billion yuan, an increase of 7.0% over the previous year. Among them, life insurance premium income was 81.78 billion yuan, an increase of 9.3%; Health insurance premium income was 32.85 billion yuan, an increase of 0.07%; Personal accident insurance premium income was 3.74 billion yuan, down 8.2%; Property insurance premium income was 43.01 billion yuan, up by 9.9%. The original insurance payment expenditure was 58.08 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8%.

IX. Education, Science and Technology

There were 116 colleges and universities at the end of the year. There are 29,000 graduates of postgraduate education, 449,000 graduates of ordinary higher education, 227,000 graduates of secondary vocational education, 425,000 graduates of ordinary high schools, 847,000 graduates of junior high schools and 903,000 graduates of ordinary primary schools. There were 2.16 million children in the park, down 5.8% from the previous year. Enrolment rate of primary school-age children[13]100%, the gross enrollment rate of high school education[14]94.47%。 There are 10,498 private schools with 2.38 million students. 1.38 billion yuan of national scholarships and grants were granted to college students, and 729,000 college students were assisted. 510 million yuan of state grants for secondary vocational schools were granted, and 514,000 secondary vocational students were assisted. We implemented 10.55 billion yuan of compulsory education guarantee funds and distributed 540 million yuan of state grants to ordinary senior high schools.

Table 9  The number of students enrolled, enrolled and graduated in schools at all levels and their growth rate in 2022

At the end of the year, there were 12 national engineering research centers (engineering laboratories) and 354 provincial engineering research centers (engineering laboratories). There are 42 national and local joint engineering research centers (engineering laboratories). There are 68 enterprise technology centers recognized by the state. There are 14 national engineering technology research centers and 523 provincial engineering technology research centers. There are 19 national key laboratories and 337 provincial key laboratories. During the year, 45,780 technical contracts were signed, with a turnover of 254.46 billion yuan. 1,086 scientific and technological achievements were registered. The number of patents granted was 92,916, down 6.1% from the previous year. Among them, the number of invention patents granted was 20423, an increase of 23.3%. The number of patents granted by industrial and mining enterprises, universities and scientific research units is 60706, 12763 and 836 respectively.

At the end of the year, there were 2135 inspection and testing institutions. Among them, there are 25 national product quality supervision and inspection centers. There are 104 legal metrological verification institutions. There are 2,005 special equipment production units and 493,000 special equipment. The qualified rate of supervision and spot check of key industrial products is 87.3%. Participated in the formulation of 6 international standards, 224 national standards and 284 local standards. 3,219 maps were published publicly, with 739,000 daily map users visiting and 730,000 geospatial data achievements provided.

X. Culture, Health and Sports

By the end of the year, there were 675 performing arts groups, 146 mass art museums and cultural centers, 144 public libraries and 162 museums and memorial halls. There are 108 radio and television stations (broadcasters). There are 5.85 million cable TV users. The comprehensive population coverage rate of broadcasting is 99.42%, and that of television is 99.76%. There are 137 national intangible cultural heritage protection catalogues and 410 provincial intangible cultural heritage protection catalogues. There are 11,608 kinds of books, 253 kinds of periodicals and 44 kinds of newspapers. The total print runs of books, periodicals and newspapers are 550 million, 90 million and 620 million respectively.

At the end of the year, there were 55,329 health institutions. Among them, there are 1,733 hospitals, 137 maternal and child health centers (institutes and stations), 70 specialized disease prevention hospitals (institutes and stations), 2,085 township health centers, 987 community health service centers (stations), 12,726 clinics, health centers and medical offices, and 36,128 village clinics. There were 517,000 health technicians, an increase of 2.1% over the previous year. Among them, there are 197,000 practicing doctors and assistant practicing doctors and 244,000 registered nurses. The hospital has 399,000 beds, an increase of 2.4%; Township hospitals have 109,000 beds, an increase of 2.6%.

There are 25.501 million people who regularly participate in physical exercise in the province, and 1178 national fitness programs have been carried out. There are 1100 new administrative villages for farmers’ physical fitness projects. Won 43 national championships throughout the year. There are 173,677 sports venues. Among them, there are 287 gymnasiums, 7,293 sports grounds, 1,200 swimming pools and 7,666 training rooms.

XI. Population, Residents’ Income, Consumption and Social Security

At the end of the year, the resident population of the province was 66.04 million. Among them, the urban population was 39.83 million, and the urbanization rate was 60.31%, an increase of 0.6 percentage points over the end of last year. The annual birth population was 412,000, with a birth rate of 6.23 ‰; The death population was 565,000, with a mortality rate of 8.54 ‰; The natural population growth rate is -2.31‰. The proportion of the population aged 0-15 (including those under 16) to the resident population was 19.52%, down by 0.67 percentage points; The proportion of people aged 16-59 (including those under 60) was 59.65%, down by 0.38 percentage points; The proportion of people aged 60 and over was 20.84%, an increase of 1.05 percentage points.

Table 10  Number and composition of permanent residents at the end of 2022

In the whole year, the per capita disposable income of residents in the province was 34,036 yuan, an increase of 6.4% over the previous year; The median per capita disposable income of residents in the province was 27,400 yuan, an increase of 6.1%. According to the place of permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 47,301 yuan, an increase of 5.4%; The median per capita disposable income of urban residents was 42,432 yuan, an increase of 5.6%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 19,546 yuan, an increase of 6.8%; The median per capita disposable income of rural residents was 17,583 yuan, an increase of 6.6%. The income ratio of urban and rural residents decreased from 2.45 in the previous year to 2.42. In terms of regions, the per capita disposable income of all residents in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan is 51,802 yuan, an increase of 5.9%; The per capita disposable income of all residents in southern Hunan is 31,500 yuan, an increase of 6.6%; The per capita disposable income of all residents in western Hunan was 23,611 yuan, an increase of 6.4%; The per capita disposable income of all residents in Dongting Lake area was 31,070 yuan, an increase of 6.5%. Poverty alleviation county[16]The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 14,714 yuan, an increase of 8.7%.

The per capita consumption expenditure of residents in the province was 24,083 yuan, an increase of 5.6% over the previous year. According to the permanent residence, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 29,580 yuan, an increase of 4.5%; The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 18,078 yuan, an increase of 6.6%.

In the whole year, 737,000 people were newly employed in cities and towns. At the end of the year, the number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents was 32.415 million, down 0.6% from the end of the previous year. The number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban workers was 18.929 million, an increase of 2.3%. Among them, there are 13.523 million employees and 5.406 million retirees. The number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents was 54.705 million, and the number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for urban workers was 10.527 million. The number of people participating in unemployment insurance was 7.239 million, an increase of 5.3%. The number of employees participating in industrial injury insurance was 8.943 million. The number of employees participating in maternity insurance was 7.236 million. At the end of the year, the number of employees receiving unemployment insurance was 148,000.

345,000 urban residents received the government’s minimum living guarantee, and 1.94 billion yuan of minimum living guarantee funds were distributed; 1.421 million rural residents received the government’s minimum living guarantee, and the minimum living guarantee fund was 5 billion yuan. At the end of the year, 270,000 beds were provided for residential civil administration institutions, and 120,000 people were adopted. Among them, there are 253,000 beds in the old-age care institutions and 112,000 people in the old-age care institutions. There are 32,000 community service institutions and facilities. In the whole year, we sold 5.85 billion yuan of social welfare lottery tickets and raised 1.87 billion yuan of welfare lottery funds. Successfully completed 10 key livelihood issues. Among them, 1,500 old urban communities were rebuilt, with an additional water storage capacity of 47.945 million cubic meters, and 339,000 pregnant women were screened free of charge.

XII. Resources, Environment and Safety in Production

147 kinds of minerals have been discovered and 113 kinds of minerals have been proved in the province. Among them, there are 7 kinds of energy minerals, 39 kinds of metal minerals, 65 kinds of non-metal minerals and 2 kinds of water and gas minerals. Five geological exploration projects (including continuation projects) (including provincial financial investment projects only) were funded by the government, and 11 large and medium-sized mineral areas were newly discovered.

In the whole year, the proportion of water quality sections meeting or better than Class III standards was 97.4%, an increase of 1.3 percentage points over the previous year. The air quality of eight municipal cities reached the second-class standard. The harmless treatment rate of municipal solid waste in the city is 100%. There are 53 nature reserves at or above the provincial level, covering an area of 906,000 hectares. Among them, 23 are national and 30 are provincial. There are 2 world geoparks and 14 national geoparks. The afforestation area was 331,000 hectares.

The comprehensive energy consumption of industrial enterprises above designated size decreased by 0.9% over the previous year. Among them, the comprehensive energy consumption of six high-energy-consuming industries decreased by 0.9%.

In the whole year, there were 1330 production and operation safety accidents, and 1428 people died in production and operation safety accidents. There were 0.03 deaths in accidents with GDP of 100 million yuan, and 0.005 deaths in millions of tons of coal mines. The number of deaths per 10,000 vehicles in road traffic accidents was 2.59, a decrease of 0.75 over the previous year.

 

Notes:

[1] The data in this bulletin are all preliminary statistics, and some data are not equal to the total of sub-items due to rounding.

[2] The absolute figures of regional GDP, added value of tertiary industries and related industries and per capita regional GDP are calculated at current prices, and the growth rate is calculated at constant prices.

[3] Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region refers to Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, southern Hunan refers to Hengyang, Chenzhou and Yongzhou, western Hunan refers to Shaoyang, Zhangjiajie, Huaihua, Loudi and Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, and Dongting Lake refers to Yueyang, Changde and Yiyang.

[4] High-tech manufacturing includes pharmaceutical manufacturing, aviation, spacecraft and equipment manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, computer and office equipment manufacturing, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing, and information chemicals manufacturing.

[5] Equipment manufacturing industry includes metal products industry, general equipment manufacturing industry, special equipment manufacturing industry, automobile manufacturing industry, railway, ship, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry, and instrument manufacturing industry.

[6] The output data of some products in 2021 were verified and adjusted, and the output growth rate in 2022 was calculated according to comparable caliber.

[7] Due to the changes in the scope of investigation stipulated in the statistical investigation system, statistical law enforcement, elimination of duplicate data and other factors, the growth rate and changes of financial indicators of industrial enterprises above designated size in 2022 are calculated according to comparable caliber.

[8] The total business volume of the postal industry is calculated at constant prices in 2020.

[9] The total telecom business is calculated at the constant price of last year.

[10] High-tech industry investment includes six categories of high-tech manufacturing investment and information services, e-commerce services, inspection and testing services, high-tech services in professional and technical services, R&D and design services, scientific and technological achievements transformation services, intellectual property rights and related legal services, environmental monitoring and governance services and other high-tech services, including pharmaceutical manufacturing, aviation, spacecraft and equipment manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, computer and office equipment manufacturing, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing.

[11] According to relevant regulations, foreign trade is denominated in RMB.

[12] The import and export amount of goods to the EU does not include the data of Britain, and the growth rate is calculated according to the comparable caliber.

[13] The enrollment rate of primary school-age children refers to the percentage of school-age children who have entered primary school within the scope of investigation to the total number of school-age children inside and outside the school.

[14] The gross enrollment rate of high school education mainly reflects the coverage of high school education, which means that the total number of students in high school accounts for the percentage of the school-age population aged 15-17.

[15] By the end of 2022, there were 11.99 million people aged 0-14 (including those under the age of 15) and 40.29 million people aged 15-59 (including those under the age of 60).

[16] Poverty-stricken counties in Hunan Province, that is, the original poverty-stricken areas in Hunan, including the original concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas and the original national poverty alleviation and development key counties outside the area, have a total of 40 counties.

Source:

The financial data in this bulletin comes from the Provincial Department of Finance; Railway transportation and mileage data are from China Railway Guangzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd., China Railway Nanning Bureau Group Co., Ltd., China Railway Nanchang Bureau Group Co., Ltd., China Railway Wuhan Group Co., Ltd. and Shichang Railway Co., Ltd.; The data of highway transportation, waterway transportation and highway mileage come from the Provincial Department of Transportation; The data of civil aviation transportation comes from Provincial Airport Management Group Co., Ltd. and China Southern Airlines Co., Ltd. Hunan Branch; Pipeline transportation data come from Changling Branch of China Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Changling Branch of China Petrochemical Group Asset Management Co., Ltd., Baling Petrochemical Branch of China Petrochemical Group Asset Management Co., Ltd., Hunan Oil Transportation Branch of Huazhong Branch of National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Network Group Co., Ltd., Changsha Xinao Gas Co., Ltd., Changsha China Resources Gas Co., Ltd., Xiangtan Xinao Gas Co., Ltd., Changde PetroChina Kunlun Gas Co., Ltd., Loudi China Resources Gas Co., Ltd., etc. Car ownership data comes from the provincial public security department; The data of telecom business volume, mobile phone users, fixed phone users and Internet broadband users come from the Provincial Communications Administration. The postal service data comes from the provincial postal administration; Deposit and loan data come from Changsha Central Branch of China People’s Bank; The data of listed companies come from the provincial local financial supervision administration; Securities and futures data come from Hunan Supervision Bureau of China Securities Regulatory Commission; The data of insurance industry comes from Hunan Supervision Bureau of Bank of China Insurance Regulatory Commission; Education data comes from the Provincial Department of Education; Science and technology data comes from the Provincial Science and Technology Department;Patent, quality inspection and industry standard data come from the Provincial Market Supervision Administration; Surveying and mapping, mineral resources data from the Provincial Department of Natural Resources; Data on the protection of art performance groups, museums, public libraries, cultural centers and intangible cultural heritage come from the Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism. Radio and television data come from the Provincial Radio and Television Bureau; The data of newspapers, periodicals and books come from the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee; Health data comes from the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee; Sports data comes from the provincial sports bureau; The data of new employment, social insurance and vocational skills training in cities and towns come from the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security. The data of medical insurance and maternity insurance come from the provincial medical insurance bureau; The data of urban and rural subsistence allowances, social welfare and community services come from the Provincial Civil Affairs Department; The data of water conservancy construction comes from the Provincial Water Resources Department; The data of aquatic product output and high-standard farmland construction come from the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Urban construction data comes from the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development; The data of nature reserves, geological parks and afforestation come from the Provincial Forestry Bureau. Surface water quality and air quality data come from the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment; Safety production data comes from the provincial emergency management department; Other data come from the Provincial Bureau of Statistics and the Hunan Investigation Corps of the National Bureau of Statistics.

　　On the morning of September 9, the opening ceremony of the fire station of Zhanlan Road Street Zoo in Xicheng District was held grandly. Director Kang Ning of Propaganda and Training Center of National Development and Reform Commission, Director Ma Yanan of Beijing Development and Reform Commission, Director Li Xinghua of Fire Brigade, Director Zhang Hao of Fire Prevention Department, Director Liu Yaoyong of Exhibition Road Sub-district Office, Deputy Secretary Wu Junwen of the Working Committee of Exhibition Road Sub-district Office, Director of Li Xiaoguang of Beijing Zoo, Deputy General Manager Li Zhicheng of Beijing Exhibition Hall Group Co., Ltd., Xiwai Street Police Station, Zoo Police Station, neighborhood community volunteers and members of surrounding key units attended the unveiling ceremony. The unveiling ceremony was presided over by Director Lu Wenjie of the Political Department of the Fire Brigade.

　　At the unveiling ceremony, Director Zhang Hao of the Fire Prevention Department of the Fire Brigade first announced the decision to set up the fire station of Exhibition Road Street Zoo in Xicheng District. Subsequently, Director Kang Ning of the Propaganda and Training Center of the National Development and Reform Commission, Li Xinghua, the detachment leader of the fire brigade, Director Liu Yaoyong of Zhanlan Road Sub-district Office and Director Li Xiaoguang of Beijing Zoo jointly unveiled the fire station of Zhanlan Road Sub-district Zoo in Xicheng District and the training base of Beijing Zoo. Subsequently, Director Li Xiaoguang of Beijing Zoo, Director Liu Yaoyong of Zhanlan Road Sub-district Office and Team Leader Li Xinghua made speeches on behalf of the zoo, sub-district office and detachment respectively, and put forward new work requirements. After the ceremony, the leaders took photos with all the officers and men in the small station and visited the fire station.

　　Xicheng District Exhibition Road Street Zoo Fire Station is a small fire station jointly built by Xicheng District Fire Brigade, Exhibition Road Sub-district Office and Beijing Zoo, which is subordinate to Beijing Xicheng District Fire Rescue Brigade for daily dispatch and management. The Zoo Fire Station is mainly responsible for fire fighting and emergency rescue in the area of about 1 square kilometer north of Exhibition Road Street, involving Beijing Financial Technology and Professional Service Innovation Demonstration Zone (North Exhibition Area), Beijing Zoo and its surrounding areas, and 9 communities. After its establishment, it will greatly shorten the time for handling police situations and effectively improve the ability of disaster prevention and rescue in the northern area of Exhibition Road Street.

　　In addition, in order to protect national key parks, national key cultural relics protection units, national popular science education bases and national 4A-level scenic spots — — The fire safety of Beijing Zoo and Beijing Exhibition Hall, the small fire station of the zoo has formulated special emergency response plans, and carried out daily fire patrol inspection and fire safety publicity and education training. (Author Zhang Tong)

　　The Office of the Leading Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control in Shanghai released information. According to the deployment of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council, the city will start the registration and appointment vaccination of Covid-19 vaccine for people aged 6-11 who live in the city according to the principle of informed voluntariness.

　　From 20: 00 on October 28th, Shanghai started to register and make an appointment for vaccination for people aged 6-11 who live in this city. Parents (guardians) can register an APPointment online through the "Healthy Cloud" app. After the appointment is successful, the child will go to the appointed inoculation point for vaccination accompanied by parents (guardians).

　　Foreigners aged 6-11, compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese will start vaccination in due course according to the relevant deployment arrangements.

　　At present, the Covid-19 inactivated vaccine produced by Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. and Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has been vaccinated with 2 doses of basic immunization.

　　If you have any questions about vaccination in Covid-19, you can call the Shanghai Health Hotline at 12320.

　　Hot Questions and Answers on Appointment Vaccination of COVID-19 Vaccine among People Aged 6-11

　　1. Why should people aged 6-11 be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　Vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine can obtain corresponding immunity, thus effectively reducing the risk of onset, severe illness and death; At the same time, children and adolescents will spread to the people around them after infection. Vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine is of great significance to strengthen the immune barrier of the population and block the epidemic in COVID-19.

　　2. Is it safe to vaccinate people aged 6-11 with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　According to the press conference of joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council, the inactivated Covid-19 vaccine produced by Sinopharm Zhongsheng Beijing Institute, Beijing Kexing Company and Sinopharm Zhongsheng Wuhan has carried out relevant clinical trials on people aged 3-17. After evaluation and demonstration, it is fully proved that it is safe to use in people aged 3-17.

　　3. What kind of Covid-19 vaccine did people aged 6-11 receive?

　　The relevant state departments have approved the emergency use of Covid-19 inactivated vaccine produced by Sinopharm Zhongsheng Beijing Institute, Beijing Kexing Company and Sinopharm Zhongsheng Wuhan among people aged 6-11. There are 2 doses of basic immunization, with an interval of 3-8 weeks. Inoculation route is intramuscular injection, and the best part is deltoid muscle outside the upper arm.

　　4. How to register an appointment?

　　You can download the "Healthy Cloud" App or enter the "Covid-19 Vaccination Service" area through the "Healthy Cloud Pro" WeChat applet, the "Follow the Bid" mobile terminal, the "Shanghai Release" and the "Shanghai CDC", select "Minors Registration", and parents (guardians) will make registration and appointment according to the operation steps.

　　For families without mobile phones, they can bring their ID cards to the health post in the street to print the vaccination bar code themselves, and then choose the designated vaccination point nearby to vaccinate themselves.

　　5. Where can I get the Covid-19 vaccine? The school and the place of residence are not in the same district. How to choose the inoculation point?

　　Parents (guardians) can choose an inoculation point near the school or the district where they live to make an appointment for their children. After registering through the "With the bid" and "Healthy Cloud" apps, they will see all the information of the inoculation points that can be reserved.

　　6. What are the contraindications for vaccination?

　　Inoculation contraindications for people aged 6-11 are the same as those for adults aged 18 and above. According to the Technical Guide for Vaccination in Covid-19 (First Edition), the usual taboos for vaccination include:

　　(1) those who are allergic to the active ingredients of the vaccine, any kind of inactive ingredients, substances used in the production process, or those who have been allergic to similar vaccines before;

　　(2) Those who have had severe allergic reactions to vaccines in the past (such as acute allergic reactions, angioneurotic edema, dyspnea, etc.);

　　(3) Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy and other serious nervous system diseases (such as transverse myelitis, guillain-barre syndrome, demyelinating diseases, etc.);

　　(4) People who are suffering from fever, acute diseases, acute attacks of chronic diseases, or uncontrolled patients with severe chronic diseases;

　　(5) Other taboos listed in the manual.

　　7. I have just received other vaccines recently, such as influenza vaccine and rabies vaccine. Can I get Covid-19 vaccine?

　　If you have been vaccinated with other vaccines, it is recommended to vaccinate Covid-19 vaccine every 14 days.

　　After vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine, it is suggested that the interval between vaccination and other vaccines should be at least 14 days. However, in case of dog bite or trauma, it is unnecessary to consider this interval when emergency vaccination with rabies vaccine, tetanus vaccine or immunoglobulin is needed. Specific information can be consulted on-site professionals at the inoculation point.

　　8. Can I get vaccinated if I feel uncomfortable on the day of the appointment?

　　If you have fever, cough, diarrhea and other unwell symptoms on the day of scheduled vaccination, it is recommended to suspend vaccination and make an appointment after recovery.

　　9. What should I pay attention to before vaccination? What materials do I need to carry when I am vaccinated?

　　Be careful not to have an empty stomach before vaccination, wear loose clothes to facilitate vaccination, carry necessary identity documents, vaccination certificates and other materials, and wear masks throughout the vaccination clinic. Recently, the temperature has turned cold, so parents must do a good job in keeping their children warm and cold.

　　If you take antipyretics, antiviral drugs and antibiotics before inoculation, please inform the doctor at the inoculation point.

　　Parents (guardians) are required to accompany the vaccinator, bring the vaccinator’s ID card or household registration book, and go to the appointed inoculation point for vaccination. Show the "vaccination barcode" at the scene, sign the "informed consent form" voluntarily, and vaccinate according to the staff’s instructions.

　　10. Are there any precautions after vaccination?

　　After inoculation, you can live, study and play normally, and you should pay attention to rest and avoid being too tired. Pay attention to a healthy and light diet and eat less seafood and other foods that are easy to induce allergies. Drink plenty of water on the day of inoculation, keep the local skin clean and avoid scratching the inoculation site with your hands. It is recommended not to do strenuous exercise within one week after inoculation. After vaccination, it is still necessary to take protective measures such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently and keeping social distance.

　　11. Do you need to avoid eating after vaccination?

　　After vaccination, doctors usually remind people not to eat irritating foods such as peppers and seafood such as fish and shrimp to reduce the discomfort and possible allergies caused by these foods. If you don’t have a history of allergies such as seafood and have eating habits such as peppers, you can eat them normally according to your usual eating habits. After vaccination, you can eat normally.

　　12. What are the possible adverse reactions of Covid-19 vaccination?

　　According to the results of clinical trials of Covid-19 vaccine and the information collected during its use, the common adverse reactions of Covid-19 vaccine are basically similar to those of other vaccines that have been widely used. Mainly for the inoculation site redness, induration, pain, etc., but also fever, fatigue, nausea, headache, muscle pain and so on. Generally, there is no need for special treatment. If necessary, contact the inoculation point, which will give disposal guidance.

　　Is there anything special to pay attention to when people aged 13.6-11 are vaccinated?

　　In view of the characteristics of 6-11-year-old people, such as young age and liveliness, all aspects should pay more attention to the children’s reactions at any time and create a relaxed, friendly and warm atmosphere as much as possible.

　　Is the vaccination for people aged 14.6-11 the same as that for adults?

　　Covid-19 vaccine for people aged 6-11 is exactly the same as Covid-19 vaccine for people in Hwa-Sung Do in terms of dosage, composition and immunization procedures.

CCTV News:Foreign trade is one of the "Troika" driving China’s economy. However, due to the complicated international situation, COVID-19 epidemic and other unexpected factors, China’s foreign trade is facing severe challenges. In the face of risk challenges, the CPC Central Committee actively deployed and calmly responded, and made "stabilizing foreign trade" a major focus of the "six stability" work. Relevant departments have also successively issued a series of policies and measures to further promote high-level opening up, support the growth of foreign trade and optimize the business environment. With the effective implementation of relevant measures, the effect of China’s foreign trade in resisting multiple pressures and increasing quality has gradually emerged. Today’s "Running in the Spring Festival" series focuses on China’s foreign trade. We focus on the following questions. What achievements has China made in foreign trade under the influence of multiple unexpected factors? How does foreign trade promote China’s economic recovery? How will China’s foreign trade continue to break through the trend in 2023?

Withstand the risk test, China’s foreign trade scale has reached a new high.

Let’s look at the first question first. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said on the 2nd that in 2022, China’s foreign trade stood all kinds of risk tests, and the scale reached a record high, with the import and export of goods reaching 42.1 trillion yuan, maintaining the status of the world’s first trader of goods for six consecutive years.

From the perspective of foreign trade, the scale of foreign trade reached a record high in 2022, and the import and export of goods exceeded 40 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.7%. The trade structure has also been continuously optimized, and the import and export of private enterprises has increased by 12.9%, accounting for more than 50%. Trade in services grew steadily, with the import and export of services reaching 5.98 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.9%.

In 2022, China’s foreign trade successfully achieved "stability and quality improvement""target

According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce, in 2022, China’s foreign trade has withstood various risk tests and successfully achieved the goal of "maintaining stability and improving quality". Generally speaking, in 2022, China foreign trade station reached a new height, released new kinetic energy and made new contributions.

A new height, in 2022, the import and export scale of China reached a new record high, reaching 42 trillion yuan, breaking through the 40 trillion yuan mark. In dollar terms, it reached $6.3 trillion, which is a new breakthrough above the ultra-high base in 2021. China has maintained its position as the largest country in goods trade for six consecutive years.

New kinetic energy. In 2022, electric vehicles, photovoltaic products and lithium batteries will become new growth points for China’s high-tech, high-added products and lead the green transformation. In 2022, the export of electric vehicles increased by 131.8%, photovoltaic products increased by 67.8%, and lithium batteries increased by 86.7%. At the same time, new foreign trade formats such as cross-border e-commerce and market procurement trade are also booming, with the import and export scale exceeding 3 trillion yuan, accounting for more than 7% of foreign trade.

New contribution: From the domestic perspective, the contribution rate of net exports of goods and services to GDP growth reached 17.1% in 2022, driving GDP growth by 0.5 percentage points. Internationally, under the background of the turbulent global economic and trade environment, China has taken effective measures to stabilize production and export, ensuring the smooth operation of the global industrial chain supply chain.

Promote trade facilitation and take various measures to expand the cross-border use of RMB

Enterprises actively "go out to sea" to grab orders, promote economic stability and foreign trade, and the government and relevant departments also "take the initiative". A few days ago, the Ministry of Commerce and the People’s Bank of China issued a circular to further support foreign trade enterprises to expand the cross-border use of RMB and promote trade and investment facilitation.

The circular calls for facilitating the settlement of all kinds of cross-border trade and investment in RMB, and promoting banks to provide more convenient and efficient settlement services. Encourage banks to carry out overseas RMB loans to better meet the cross-border RMB investment and financing needs of enterprises. Facilitate cross-border RMB settlement of goods trade, service trade and various new trade formats, support RMB pricing settlement of bulk commodities, and support foreign investors to invest in China and reinvest in China. Efforts will be made to increase support for small and medium-sized enterprises, facilitate their use of RMB for settlement in cross-border trade and investment, avoid exchange rate risks and reduce exchange costs.

Xuan Changneng, Vice Governor of China People’s Bank:At present, nearly half of the cross-border transactions carried out by various entities in China have been settled in RMB. In the next step, the People’s Bank of China will further consolidate the institutional foundation of cross-border RMB business, improve the infrastructure construction of cross-border RMB use, and create a more friendly policy environment for domestic and foreign entities to hold and use RMB.

Liao Lin, President of China Industrial and Commercial Bank:We have set up a special financing support plan for cross-border RMB business of 450 billion yuan, focusing on supporting advanced manufacturing, strategic emerging industries, specialization and innovation, modern agriculture, green, infrastructure, Pratt & Whitney, foreign trade and foreign investment, and accurately matching preferential interest rates to fully meet the needs of market participants for cross-border investment and financing.

Vice Minister of Commerce Guo Tingting:We will continue to implement policies based on solving the "urgent difficulties and worries" of enterprises, help more enterprises to carry out cross-border RMB business, promote trade and investment facilitation, and improve the quality and level of trade and investment cooperation.

On the First Session of the 11th Danzhou CPPCC National Committee

sequence Reply to proposal 245

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Dear member Yao Yunqin:

Thank you very much for your concern and support for the development of new energy heavy trucks in our city., you put forward at the first meeting of the 11th CPPCC Danzhou. Proposal No.245, after study, we hereby reply as follows:

First, the development status of new energy heavy trucks in Danzhou City

The development of new energy replacing electricity and heavy trucks with heavy trucks.The construction of (charging) power infrastructure and the operation of heavy trucks for power exchange are the core.At present, there are heavy trucks in operation in our city. There are 36 vehicles and 50 special commercial concrete vehicles for power exchange. Two heavy truck power exchange projects have been completed and put into use at the end of January 2022.Pure electric heavy truck power station replacement project of Yangpu International Container Terminal, invested and built by Guodian Power Investment (Hainan) Energy Service Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Hainan Branch of State Power Investment, is built in Yangpu International Container Terminal Port according to the eight-station heavy truck charging and replacing power station, with a construction scale of 1250kVA, and a newly-built pre-installed 10kV, 1250 KVA box-type substation is connected by the 10 kV Shovel Line of South Power Grid. It is equipped with 8 chargers, 7 for operation and 1 for standby, with a total power load of 150kW. It is equipped with 35 vehiclesPower-changing heavy truck43 sets of 141kWh batteries. The power station has the characteristics of high efficiency, cost reduction, flexibility, safety and environmental protection: high efficiency is reflected in the fact that it can supply vehicles with energy for 6 minutes and solve mileage anxiety; Separate sales of vehicles and electricity, greatly reducing the cost of car purchase; The battery packs with different electric quantities can be flexibly replaced according to the working conditions, thus reducing the self-weight of the car body; The centralized management of charging is safe and controllable, which prolongs the service life of the battery and improves the utilization value of the battery.

The other is Hainan Yangpu Ronghe Junchi Landao Power Station Exchange Project., the first electric heavy truck charging and replacing power station in our province, invested and built by Hainan Yangpu Ronghe Junchi Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Ronghe Junchi), located in the factory area of Hainan Landao Environmental Protection Industry Co., Ltd., Mutang Park, Danzhou Industrial Park, with an area of 10 mu. The power exchange station is constructed in two phases, including 2 power exchange stations, 2 2000KW transformers, 50 heavy-duty trucks and 57 sets of 282kwh batteries. The power exchange station and batteries are put into operation in 60 phases in five years. In the first phase, a 2000 kW transformer, a power station and 30 parking spaces were laid. In the second phase, a 2000KW transformer and a power station were laid. At present, the infrastructure of the first phase of Landao Power Station (NO.001) has been completed, which also has the characteristics of high efficiency, cost reduction, flexibility, safety, standard and intensive.

Second, the demand for the construction of new energy heavy trucks in Danzhou City

According to Hainan Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology The Implementation Plan for the Pilot Application of New Energy Vehicle Switching Mode in Hainan Province issued in November 2021 (Qiong Gongxin Automobile [2021] No.195) and "Guiding Opinions of Hainan Province on Supporting the Construction of Electric Vehicle Switching Stations"(Qiong Fa Gai Energy Letter [2021] No.513) requires giving priority to pilot projects in Haikou, Sanya, Danzhou Yangpu, Qionghai, Wanning and other regions to build a new energy vehicle power exchange network with reasonable layout and moderate advance.

Huanxinyingwan District with Yangpu as the industrial center in our city.Industrial development has a certain foundation.The orientation of industrial development is relatively clear. Take Xiaochantan Wharf and Yangpu Port as radiation centers.Through Hainan West Line Expressway, Wanyang Expressway, Danbai Expressway and Haiyu West Line.(G225), heavy truck freight can radiate the whole island.

Developing clean energy heavy trucks is the need of industrial development.From the perspective of Yangpu Economic Development Zone,With the development of olefin industrial chain in petrochemical functional zone and the extension of aromatic industrial chain to high added value.In recent years, a large number of petrochemical projects, such as millions of tons of ethylene and PTA and PET expansion projects, have been put into production, and the radiation from the port to the petrochemical functional area will surge. According to incomplete statistics, the annual demand for standard containers in the petrochemical functional area will surge from 12,000 to 15,000 to more than 30,000 TEUs every year, and the electric transformation of short-distance transportation within 100 kilometers has obvious advantages.

Heavy trucks with electricity exchange have the advantage of short-distance transportation cost, in view of the current ordinary chaika transportation.The transportation cost of each standard container within 100 kilometers is 400 to 420 yuan, and the liquefied petroleum gas or methanol after cleaning transformation is about 200-220 yuan; Pure electric heavy trucks are transported in 180-200 yuan each.

It is necessary for the development of the park to promote the replacement of heavy trucks.With the in-depth integration of foreign integration,The foundations of two areas of Danzhou Industrial Park, Mutang and Wang Wu, are under rapid construction.The healthy food processing and high-end manufacturing industries in Yangpu Economic Development Zone have developed rapidly.Driven by the development of the park, the demand for heavy truck transportation such as container trucks and commercial concrete has surged.

Popularizing heavy trucks for power exchange is the demand of infrastructure construction.With the implementation of the expansion plan of Xiaochantan WharfPort container throughput can be doubled from the current 1.5 million standard containers. With the demand for infrastructure construction such as road network and hospitals around Xinyingwan District, the demand for heavy truck transportation of commercial concrete is increasing.

Popularizing the construction of heavy truck-to-power station can solve some energy storage needs of offshore wind energy development.From next year, with the development of three nearly 350MW wind fields in CZ2-4 in the northwest of Danzhou, the heavy truck power station can solve the energy storage function of some offshore wind power because of its strong energy storage capacity and great adjustment of power supply peaks and valleys.

Three, to speed up the city’s heavy truck power exchange project construction plan

In the past two years, it has been affected by the epidemic and the growth rate of upstream and downstream industries of real estate has slowed down.The impact has brought adverse effects on the development of new energy-replacing heavy trucks. The Municipal Bureau of Science, Technology and Information Technology will, in accordance with the "New Energy Storage Development Plan of Hainan Province in the 14th Five-Year Plan" of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the requirements of the city on the development plan of charging and replacing infrastructure, the implementation plan and work plan over the years. Combined with the characteristics of Danzhou Yangpu’s economic and social development, driven by the strong demand of clean energy substitution, short-distance electrification and intelligent development, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, we will further vigorously promote the construction of pilot projects for replacing electric vehicles with electricity, build an application and service guarantee system for the construction of electric vehicles in the industrial field, and focus on promoting the construction of heavy trucks for power stations.

Continue to use existing pilot resources.To promote the application of new energy in the industrial field. Do a good job in the promotion and replication of the power exchange mode and service guarantee system of electric heavy trucks in the area around Xinyingwan, strive to complete the electrification replacement of motor vehicles in key terminals during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period., the pilot construction of concrete transportation system for electricity exchange in Huanxinyingwan District., continue to declare the construction of provincial and national pilot cities for power exchange, and strive to establish and improve smart ports and smart logistics systems.

In summaryIn accordance with the work arrangements of provinces and cities, we will continue to unite with relevant departments to speed up the application and promotion of replacing heavy trucks and the construction of heavy truck power exchange projects. Once again, I sincerely thank you for your concern, support and supervision on the development of new energy heavy trucks in our city.!

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Danzhou science and technology he industry information development bureau

November 7, 2022

I know some good news recently, and Dr. Tao wants to share it with you quickly. A definitive conclusion based on these good news is:

Quadruple (DTP +Hib) vaccine+domestic inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)

The price/performance ratio is getting higher and higher. It smells good.

Since 2002, Dr. Tao has collected all kinds of domestic vaccine products, coded and photographed them, and unconsciously built the China Vaccine Museum.

This vaccine museum is located in the vaccine science popularization base in Kangtai, Shenzhen. Crucially, Dr. Tao is still tirelessly collecting new vaccine products to contribute to this museum.

Vaccine Museum at No.18 Shutianpu Road, Shenzhen

Not long ago, Dr. Tao just collected the third domestic IPV from Kexing Bio. The first two paragraphs are from Institute of Medical Biology (Academia Sinica) and Beijing Beishengyan Biological Products Co., Ltd. (Beishengyan). In this way, with the import of IPV from Pasteur, there are four IPV models in China.

I accidentally compared the instructions of four IPV companies and made my first major discovery. However, we need to popularize the common sense of polio vaccine first.

The polioviruses used in two domestic IPV come from live oral vaccines. The vaccine virus in oral live vaccine is also called sabin strain virus, so domestic IPV is also called Sabin IPV(sIPV). The polio virus in Pasteur IPV comes from wild virus, also known as WIPV.

Before sIPV came out in China, the single inactivated polio vaccine was all wIPV. However, the use of wild viruses in wIPV production requires the highest biosafety level in vaccine workshops, and the possibility of polio epidemic caused by leakage into the environment cannot be ruled out.

IPV is a good thing, and China also wants to replace the oral live vaccine with major defects for all children (see:The way to avoid the devil’s lottery and vaccinate polio safely）。 However, China has a large population, and IPV is many times more expensive than oral live vaccine. If IPV can be localized, it will be much easier.

Just do it. Academia Sinica, which produces oral polio live vaccine (known as "sugar pill" vaccine), took the lead. In order to reduce the construction cost and biosafety risk, they found another way to directly inactivate the virus in the live vaccine to make IPV, and sIPV was born in the world. Beishengyan and Kexing Bio have reached the next level, and domestic sIPV imports wIPV three to one PK.

However, whether wIPV is better or sIPV is a difficult question to answer at first, but with the two IPvs used in China for 10 years, some data began to surface or be confirmed.

At first, Dr. Tao thought that although the virus sources were different, there was no substantial difference between them, and even they were winners and losers. But this time, after carefully reading the instructions of the three companies, I found a common phenomenon:The antibody levels of three sIPV in clinical trials are much higher than those of wIPV.I’m a little embarrassed that I didn’t notice this before.

See the table below for specific data. The third dose of basic immunity refers to one dose at 2, 3 and 4 months old, and the first dose of additional immunity refers to the fourth dose at 18 months old. Fourteen months after the third dose of basic immunization refers to the blood sampling test before the fourth dose.

For three types of poliovirus, the antibody levels of three domestic sIPV were higher than those of imported wIPV as control group at any time point, and the antibody level of type I virus was more obvious. The number of observers in these clinical trials is about 300 ~ 600, and the sample size is large enough to be an error.

Dr. Tao can say with certainty that the short-term immune effect of domestic sIPV is better than that of imported wIPV. Of course, the immune effect and protective effect are not the same thing. In fact, imported wIPV has been used outside China for more than half a century, and there is no evidence that its protective effect is unreliable, so there is no need to abandon wIPV.

This week, Dr. Tao saw that the Chinese Academy of Sciences published the 10-year observation results of sIPV and wIPV in eClinicalMedicine, a sub-journal of The Lancet, which was the final word.

10-year observation results https://t.cn/A6OENJOH

It can be seen that after 10 years, the antibody level of sIPV is also higher than that of wIPV. Inferred from this trend, the high probability will be the same after 20 years, at most, it will be flat, and it is impossible for the antibody level of sIPV to be lower than that of wIPV.

There is no doubt that sIPV’s immune effect is better than wIPV’s in both short and long term.

The above is the good news that Dr. Tao wants to share with you.

In order to prevent polio, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) infection, every child should be vaccinated with three kinds of vaccines: polio vaccine, DTP vaccine and Hib vaccine.

There are many permutations and combinations of these three vaccines, and Dr. Tao once recommended using five vaccines directly. However, the cost performance of this scheme has dropped a lot, and the cost performance of [quadruple vaccine+domestic IPV] scheme is getting higher and higher because of the following two reasons:

First, four doses of polio vaccine are required, and the government can provide two doses of domestic IPV free of charge.

If you use pentavaccine, you can’t enjoy this free policy, because the price of pentavaccine includes imported IPV. Enjoy 2 doses of free domestic IPV, at least you can save 540 yuan. In 2023, the supply prices of five vaccines and four vaccines are 638 yuan and 368 yuan respectively, which is different from 270 yuan. Multiplying two doses is 540 yuan.

In the future, all 4 doses of polio vaccine will definitely be changed to 4 doses of free domestic IPV, and then 1080 yuan can be saved, which will be too fragrant.

Second, the five-vaccine is wIPV, which is not as fragrant as sIPV. The evidence is conclusive.

Of course, the five-vaccine also has an advantage at present, that is, it can be vaccinated at the age of 2 months, one month earlier than the four-vaccine, and protected earlier. Therefore, you can also choose five vaccines at the age of 2 months, and then choose all [four vaccines+domestic IPV].

(End)

Coronavirus particle structure

　　Life is not easy, but health is the most expensive. A recent hot topic — — Novel Coronavirus, disturbing the biosphere. Today, I’ll pick up bats, civets and camels … … And novel coronavirus’s "Love and Kill".

　　Two "Black History" of Coronavirus

　　Coronavirus is a kind of pathogen that mainly causes respiratory and intestinal diseases. Laboratory experts have studied the morphology of viruses, and electron microscope observation shows that these viruses have spinous processes like corona on their envelopes, which looks like a crown, so it is proposed to name these viruses coronavirus.

　　Coronavirus was first isolated from chickens in 1937. There are two genera of human coronavirus (HCoV): α Coronavirus and β Coronavirus. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) belong to β Coronavirus.

　　In 1965, Tyrrell et al. isolated a virus named B814 from nasal lavage fluid of common cold patients by human embryo trachea culture. Hamer et al. isolated a similar virus from human embryonic kidney cells, and the representative strain was named 229E virus. In 1967, Mclntosh et al. isolated a batch of viruses from cold patients by embryonic trachea culture, and its representative strain was OC43 strain.

　　We are no strangers to SARS and MERS. SARS spreads quickly, its condition is dangerous and its mortality rate is high. Since the outbreak in 2002, in a short period of two years, it has infected 30 countries in five continents, with more than 8,000 people infected and 774 people killed, with a fatality rate close to 10%.

　　In 2012, the first human case of MERS-CoV infection occurred in Saudi Arabia. The virus is a novel coronavirus with high mortality, and it can also cause severe acute respiratory infection. The source of the virus is not completely clear at present. However, according to the genome analysis of different viruses, it is believed that MERS-CoV may come from bats and spread to camels, and camels may be the main storage hosts and animal sources of human infection. However, MERS-CoV has been popular in camels for decades, and it was not until 2012 that it first infected humans. The reason is still unclear.

　　Coronavirus and its natural reservoir

Chinese chrysanthemum-headed bat

　　Coronavirus exists widely in nature, and its natural hosts include human, cattle, pigs, birds, dogs, cats, rats and bats. As the second largest mammal in the world after rodents, bats are distributed in all parts of the world except the poles, and their habitats are diverse. As a member of the biosphere, bats play an important role in maintaining ecological balance. At the same time, it is also an important virus host, carrying more than 130 kinds of viruses, including Ebola virus, Nipah virus and other virulent pathogens.

　　When it comes to SARS, people will think of civets. In fact, civet cats are just "intermediaries" rather than the source of the virus. According to the data, in 2003, a research group of Hong Kong University detected SARS-CoV in civet cats and raccoons in Shenzhen animal market, Guangdong province, and the civet coronavirus was nearly 100% homologous to the coronavirus that caused SARS in humans. In the subsequent investigation, it was found that the positive rate of civet cats in the live poultry market was very high, but the civet cats in the farm were almost not positive for SARS-CoV, which indicated that the civet cats were infected with SARS-CoV only on the way to the market or in the market, but the farm was not infected. Animal experiments have proved that SARS-CoV is pathogenic to civet cats, which also supports that civet cats are not the natural hosts of SARS-CoV. Therefore, civet cats are only susceptible animals to SARS virus.

　　For a new animal-derived virus, we must find its source, so what is its source? Shi Zhengli, a researcher from Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, led the team to confirm that bats are the natural hosts of SARS-like coronavirus, and through genetic information analysis and functional testing of the virus, it was further confirmed that bats in China are the natural hosts of SARS-like virus, which provided important evidence for the animal traceability of SARS-like coronavirus. Therefore, researchers believe that bats may be the natural hosts of SARS coronavirus, and civet cats are only intermediate hosts, but the current research has not revealed the relationship between civet cats and bat infection.

　　Disinfection may not be "everyone is good at it"

　　Boil a pot, rinse with water, spray enough disinfectant and wear N95 protective mask … … Is there a scientific basis for the disinfection and anti-virus methods commonly used by ordinary people? Coronavirus is sensitive to heat. Experiments show that SARS-CoV can be inactivated by heating at 56℃ for 90 minutes or 75℃ for 30 minutes.

　　In addition, the virus is sensitive to ultraviolet rays and commonly used chemical disinfectants, such as 75% alcohol, iodophor, compound quaternary ammonium salt, chlorine-containing disinfectant, phenol disinfectant, aldehyde disinfectant, peroxide disinfectant, etc., which can inactivate the virus in a short time at the specified concentration. The virus is not resistant to acid and alkali, and is also sensitive to organic solvents such as ether and chloroform.

　　Coronavirus usually causes people’s common cold, and can cause lower respiratory symptoms in adults and infants. The main clinical manifestations are fever, cough and runny nose. In severe cases, it shows acute respiratory symptoms such as laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and there are also reports that lead to gastrointestinal and nervous system symptoms. In addition, it can also cause severe acute respiratory infection in special populations such as the elderly, children and people with immunodeficiency.

　　Previous research data show that patients infected with coronavirus are the main source of infection. The management of infected patients should be early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment. At present, there is no specific vaccine or drug prevention method for coronavirus, and there is no approved antiviral drug for coronavirus. Patients are still mainly treated with symptomatic support.

　　(Popular science materials are provided by China People’s Liberation Army Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

　　Beijing nucleic acid detection "long queue" citizens: once ate near the restaurant with confirmed cases.

　　Sino-Singapore Jingwei client June 19 (Zhang Yanzheng) "Keep your distance, one meter apart, and please line up at the back for those who do nucleic acid testing." Three uniformed security guards said to the person who just came to test. On the morning of June 18th, the reporter of Zhongxin Jingwei noticed that there were two long queues at the entrance of a physical examination center in Chaoyang District, Beijing, even at the entrance of the corner cafe, with about 30 people in each queue. In addition, a guidepost of "nucleic acid detection" was placed at the intersection of the physical examination center.

　　With the escalation of epidemic prevention and control in Beijing, many citizens made an appointment for nucleic acid testing as required. Recently, Zhongxin Jingwei reporter interviewed several citizens who made an appointment for nucleic acid testing and listened to their reasons and experiences of doing nucleic acid testing.

　　"Leaving Beijing requires a negative nucleic acid certificate within 7 days"

　　Mr. Li Internet Industry, Chaoyang District, Beijing

　　At 9: 00 am on June 18th, when Mr. Li came to the entrance of a physical examination center in Chaoyang District, Beijing, there was already a long queue of nearly 50 people in front. He couldn’t help but sigh that "I didn’t expect so many people to do nucleic acid testing" and picked up his mobile phone and took a live photo.

　　Mr. Li said that due to the nature of his work, he needs to travel frequently. According to the work plan, he should fly from Beijing to Shenzhen on the evening of June 18 to participate in the following week’s project activities. However, the day before departure, I checked the news and found that I need to hold a negative nucleic acid certificate within 7 days to leave Beijing.

　　It is understood that Beijing announced on the evening of June 16 that the emergency response level of public health emergencies was adjusted from level 3 to level 2. Subsequently, Chen Bei, Deputy Secretary-General of Beijing Municipal Government, said at the press conference that under the second-level response, the relevant personnel in the middle and high-risk street towns and Xinfadi markets were forbidden to leave Beijing, while other personnel insisted on "not leaving Beijing unless necessary", and those who really needed to leave Beijing must hold a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 7 days.

　　Photo courtesy of public respondents who made an appointment to queue up for nucleic acid testing.

　　"After seeing the news, I quickly reported to my boss, and the date of meeting with the customer was postponed for five days. Then, I made an appointment for a nucleic acid test by phone to test a 260 yuan. " Mr. Li smiled. "Fortunately, I don’t live in a high-risk area, otherwise I wouldn’t be able to leave Beijing at all." He said that the plane ticket has been unsubscribed, and the human resources department of the company will be notified to re-book the plane ticket after the nucleic acid test results come out.

　　However, what worries Mr. Li is that the results of this nucleic acid test may come out slowly. "The nurse in the physical examination center said that there are a lot of people who have done nucleic acid testing recently, and the specific time of the results cannot be guaranteed. It may take two or three days, or it may take four days. You don’t need to come to the physical examination center to get the report. You can query the nucleic acid test results through the the State Council client applet."

　　"Passing through high-risk epidemic areas"

　　Ms. Wang, an employee of a state-owned enterprise in Dongcheng District, Beijing

　　At the entrance of the physical examination center, Ms. Wang ranked in the front position and was one of the first people to finish the nucleic acid test. Ms. Wang introduced that she had been waiting in line at the entrance of the medical examination since 6 am. "I was passing by the Xinfadi market, so the doctor asked me in detail, but the whole testing process was very fast. The doctor took a special cotton swab and dipped it into his mouth to take some secretion-like things, and the sampling was only a few minutes."

　　Appointment personnel fill in the "Personal Commitment Letter" in the new Jingwei Zhang Yanzheng photo.

　　Compared with completing throat swab sampling in a few minutes, Ms. Li said that the process of making an appointment for nucleic acid testing was "too difficult".

　　From the WeChat notice displayed by Ms. Li, the reporter of Zhongxin Jingwei saw that this message, which was sent on June 16, said, "In order to meet the requirements of epidemic prevention work in Beijing, we are now comprehensively screening related personnel such as Xinfadi, Yuquan East Vegetable Market and Guangwai Tiantao Honglian Vegetable Market. If you have been to the above vegetable markets from May 31 to June 15, please cooperate with the registration or reply to the information."

　　Ms. Li introduced that at the beginning of June, she passed by the vegetable wholesale market in Xinfadi by bus. For safety reasons, she reported this situation to the unit, and then she was suspended from work by the unit and asked her to go to the hospital for nucleic acid testing as soon as possible. "On June 16th, I called several hospitals that day to make an appointment for nucleic acid testing, but the designated hospitals in Beijing were already full that day and needed to wait for four or five days, while the Ciming Health Physical Examination Center only received group nucleic acid testing. Finally, I found this physical examination center for personal testing, but it was also three days later."

　　"I used to eat near the restaurant where the case was diagnosed."

　　Mr. Chang’s Media Industry in Fengtai District, Beijing

　　Mr. Chang, who lives in Fengtai District, Beijing, is considering doing nucleic acid testing in the near future. Mr. Chang introduced that he had eaten in a restaurant in Fengtai before, and next door to this restaurant was the Sichuan restaurant where five waiters had been diagnosed.

　　It is understood that on June 14th, Beijing announced a confirmed case of a restaurant employee. The waitress worked in the Li Ji Sichuan Shoujingmao Store near Huaxiang Shoujingmao in Fengtai. It is reported that the waiter and the chef went to Xinfadi market to buy plates on June 4. On the evening of June 16th, Beijing CDC released a message again, saying that among the newly diagnosed people that day, four newly diagnosed people were close contacts of the confirmed female patients announced two days ago. In other words, all five employees of this Sichuan restaurant in Fengtai, Beijing were diagnosed.

　　Mr. Chang said that on June 4th, the waiter of Sichuan Restaurant went to Xinfadi Market, and he and his friends went to the restaurant next to this Sichuan Restaurant for dinner on June 5th. "In the past two days, my friend just did a nucleic acid test, and the result was negative. Today (June 18), my community organized a free nucleic acid test. In order to reassure myself and consider the safety of friends and colleagues, it can be more reassuring to do a test."

　　"I came back from Beijing and was asked by the community to do the test again."

　　Zheng Yu (pseudonym), a job-seeking student in Shantou, Guangdong.

　　Looking back on the experience of going to Beijing this time, Zheng Yu never thought that it was just her two days in Beijing that Beijing suddenly announced the emergence of local cases. Later, she had to do two nucleic acid tests after returning to Guangdong.

　　On June 10th, Zheng Yu, who just graduated from college this year, came to a company in Beijing for an interview and written test, and returned to Shantou, Guangdong on the afternoon of the 12th. As the interview unit is in Xicheng District, Beijing, she booked a hotel near the company and rented it for two nights.

　　Unfortunately, it was just these two days when I came to Beijing for an interview that Beijing announced the escalation of epidemic prevention and control. It is reported that on June 11, Beijing reported a new confirmed case in Xicheng District, and on June 12, another 6 cases were confirmed in Beijing. The sudden rebound of the epidemic also worried Zheng Yu’s family and urged her to pay attention to protection and go home early.

　　For safety reasons, Zheng Yu, who has returned to Shantou, decided to do nucleic acid testing. On the morning of June 15th, Zheng Yu did a nucleic acid test in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University School of Medicine at the expense of 75 yuan. "When I was ready to see the test results the next day, I felt very nervous, as if I had experienced the second college entrance examination, because many people around me were paying attention to the test results, but fortunately the results showed negative."

　　With the development of community screening, on June 18th, Zheng Yu received a phone call from a local community worker, and the other party said that people who came back from Beijing needed a second nucleic acid test after 14 days of home isolation. (Zhongxin Jingwei APP)