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Special feature of 1905 film network Counting down, Sophie, 22, has been in the business for 15 years. Perhaps because she lives in Yiwu, a city not far from Hengdian, the largest film and television base in China, she got the chance to star in her first work at the age of seven.

As a result, young Sophie became a frequent visitor in the cast. Costume martial arts drama, suspense fantasy drama, love drama of the Republic of China … … In her eyes at that time, this kind of life that kept shuttling between different "time and space" was more like playing with adults, but at the same time it gradually cultivated her interest in performance.

Actor Huang Jue once mentioned Sophie in his Weibo: They met because of the TV series love blooming. Compared with the girl who likes to "embrace the world" now, Sophie, who was only a teenager at that time, was "not very talkative" in private, although she acted professionally.

"When I was a child, I didn’t like chatting with others. I was embarrassed when I was thirteen or four years old, and I was embarrassed to deal with strangers." Looking back now, Sophie didn’t quite understand why he was always afraid to ask anything because he was full of curiosity around him.

It was also at this stage that she met the most remarkable works for herself so far. The peculiar awkwardness of adolescence helped Sophie present the temperament that best fits Li Wan. Sophie waited with Dog Thirteen for seven years from the filming to the final release of the film on the big screen. In the process, her mood changed in stages with her age.

When I was 17 years old, I saw a film for the first time. "I feel that I played badly here and there, and I feel very uncomfortable." Before Dog Thirteen really met the audience, Sophie, 21, suddenly felt relieved when he saw himself at the age of 14 again.

"I used to think, would it be better if I went to play now? But now that I look at myself at that time, I feel that I can no longer compare with the state at that time. " Li Wan wears braces and laughs stupidly at the same time. These performances may be green or even flawed for the sake of Einstein, the dog. But when she grows up, Sophie makes no secret of her cherish, because she is precious: "That is my best appearance, the most authentic appearance, and the most like that of Li Wan."

In 2020, Sophie will graduate from the Central Academy of Drama. She said that she has many things to do, and even wants to boldly go to "a distant country for a while": "I am not afraid to experience some bad feelings in life. Despair or pain can be valuable resources for an actor. "

"So what kind of actor do you want to be?" We put this question to Sophie at the end of the interview.

"I’ve been thinking for a long time, but I don’t know how to say it properly. Finally, I thought of a word, which is’ Forever Sincere’. For actors, all the emotions they give must be sincere. I think this is the most important thing. "

Interview excerpt

1905 movie networkI will graduate soon. Do you feel any changes during my college years?

Sophie: I feel ok about the change from freshman to senior. But sometimes I unconsciously turn to the photos and videos when I first entered the school. Looking back now, it was more immature and green than it is now, as if the sound was higher. Everyone just met at first. A group of new friends, new classmates, and fresh classes. I also like to "love myself", but I won’t love myself when I get a little behind. (Laughter) Everyone may wear masks and hats all over the water, which is the standard equipment for art school students.

1905 Movie Network: He Hongbing in the new work "Hot-blooded Boy" seems to be different from your previous role. Will it be more like your own personality?

　

SophieYes, (she is) chivalrous, and there are similarities and differences with my personality. First of all, I am not as good as her, and then I may not be as determined as the red one. I am a very tangled person. Like the place, everyone will be more persistent about what they believe.

1905 Movie Network: What kind of things do you usually struggle with?

SophieIn fact, it’s all small things, such as what to eat and drink tonight? Drink this or that? Or what restaurant are we going to eat when traveling with friends? Maybe I wanted to say that we are going to eat this. What do you think? If she thinks it’s okay, I want to ask her again, "Which one do you want to eat?" It’s quite annoying, isn’t it? I am like this!

1905 Movie Network: Is it important for actors to play different styles of roles? Do you deliberately pursue some differences and breakthroughs in your choice?

Sophie: Actually, the roles themselves are the same, because the roles are the roles, and we all try our best to treat every role simply in the characterization. All actors like to show themselves in different levels, but many times it’s not entirely up to you. You will receive many books, but many times it depends on fate. Of course, actors have to perform more and accumulate more works, and one day they can have more choices and find the roles they want to play.It would certainly be better if I could meet all kinds of different roles and try them. If not, I think there will always be a breakthrough that is different.

1905 Movie Network: You said that you didn’t like talking to people when you were a child, but now you are good at "chatting". Why is there such a change?

SophieIn fact, I didn’t say that I didn’t particularly like talking to people when I was a child. I think children are embarrassed at the age of thirteen or four, and they are embarrassed to deal with strangers. Now, when I grow up, I feel that everyone can be friends, understand each other’s lives, and have some curiosity. I used to be curious, but I didn’t dare to ask too much. Now I am curious and willing to learn more. I also want to learn a lot from people of different ages.

1905 Movie Network: You also mentioned that you want to experience many different feelings, despair and even pain. Why do you have such an idea? How do you want to experience it?

Sophie: I can’t say exactly how I want to experience it. I just want to be more sensitive, observe more, pay more attention to some details and feelings in life, and regard these as the best inner resources for actors.

1905 Movie Network: How do you think you mastered acting skills when growing up? Will there be many stages?

Sophie: there will be, there will definitely be. When you were young, you acted. You didn’t know what you were doing. You just played. Do what adults say. Further in the middle, you will find some "routines", that is, you will think that I can act like this, and I can say this line (how). Later, you will re-establish all your emotions and understanding of the characters. You will have a deeper feeling, not just saying that you will act according to the "routine". You will have a deeper understanding and cognition of actors (this profession), and you will know how to really shape the role, instead of playing everything the same. How to break some consistent acting styles before, I am still slowly exploring.

1905 Movie Network: Do any characters or moments feel that they are breaking through the "routine"?

SophieIt’s just these two years, and I think it’s also because I’m getting older. When you grow up, you have a new and clear understanding of everything, so you can understand each role more deeply.

1905 Movie Network: Among your past big-screen works, Dog Thirteen impressed the audience the most. How did you feel when the film was released after a long time?

SophieI think this work has been recognized by many people I know. Everyone likes this play very much. I think it is enough. Anyway, this film is still a record of growth for me, and it is a permanent record. Recorded me when I was fourteen. I remember not long after I finished filming that play, when I first saw a film at the Berlin Film Festival, I felt that I was "badly played in this place and badly played in that place" and I felt very uncomfortable. But when it was finally released, it might be several years later. I was 21 years old. I always wondered before, would it be better if I acted now? But now I look at myself at that time, and I feel that I can’t compare with the state at that time. At that time, although it was said that there might be flaws, it was the best and most authentic appearance. It’s the most like Li playing.

1905 Movie Network: This time, you are invited to be a member of the "Stars and Seas Young Actors Program", so what kind of actor do you want to be? Have you given yourself a definition?

SophieI’ve been thinking about this question for a long time, but I still don’t know how to say it properly. Finally, I thought of a word, which is "Forever Sincere". For actors, all the emotions they give must be sincere. I think this is the most important thing.

　　BEIJING, Oct. 13 (Shang Qi) Recently, Wuhan released an upgraded version of the new policy for college graduates to settle down, in which policies such as "20% discount on house purchase and rental" and the introduction of minimum annual salary guidelines have aroused social concern. In recent years, in order to attract talents to take root, many second-and third-tier cities have given preferential policies to highly educated talents in terms of housing, hukou and entrepreneurial support, which is also called a new round of "grabbing people’s war" by public opinion.

　　Data Map: People who apply for and wait for settlement procedures in some government service centers such as Tianfu New District in Chengdu queue up for processing. China News Service reporter Liu Zhongjun photo

　　The settlement conditions are more relaxed

　　Recently, the "Notice on Further Relaxing the Trial Policy for Graduates from Chinese Universities" issued by the Wuhan Recruitment Bureau and the Municipal Public Security Bureau clearly stipulates that graduates from Chinese universities who are under 40 years of age can apply for registration as permanent residence in Wuhan with their diplomas, and master’s and doctoral students are not subject to age restrictions.

　　The news of "seeking talents and introducing talents" in Wuhan has become a hot topic of public opinion for a time. In fact, in recent years, many second-and third-tier cities in China have successively released "big moves" to attract talents, and issued various generous guidance opinions and measures for college graduates to attract talents.

　　For example, Chengdu’s "Rong Piao" plan this year promotes "settle down first and then get employment". It is understood that according to this policy, young talents with full-time undergraduate degree or above and skilled talents who have worked in the same employer for two years or more can apply for settlement procedures.

　　This year, the public security organs of Jinan also introduced a new policy of household registration system reform and household registration migration, comprehensively lowered the settlement standards, and stipulated that qualified college and technical secondary school graduates can settle in Jinan.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Education, in 2017, 7.95 million people graduated from colleges and universities nationwide, an increase of about 300,000 over last year. For college graduates who have just entered the society, preferential employment policies in various places will naturally affect their job hunting planning.

　　According to a survey report on white-collar job-hopping index in autumn 2017 released by Zhaopin Recruitment in September, whether there is a hukou or not has a great influence on the level of urban belonging index. For job seekers, hukou, housing price, medical care and education are still important factors in their choice to stay in this city.

　　Data map: Many college students get together for job hunting. Photo by Yang Huafeng

　　Living allowance is richer.

　　Observing the policy of "attracting talents" in various places, if hukou brings some hidden benefits, then the subsidies offered by many cities to attract talents can be said to be "real money and silver".

　　According to media statistics, subsidies for talents in various places include trainee subsidies, skill level subsidies, training subsidies, etc., and the rental living allowance accounts for the bulk, and the threshold of subsidy policy is not high, so you can work locally and pay social security.

　　For example, Nanjing stipulates that graduates from full-time colleges and universities (including overseas students) who have obtained bachelor’s degree or above, technicians’ professional qualification certificates from full-time technical colleges, graduates who have been employed in the city within two years after graduation and signed labor contracts with a term of one year or more, and who have started their own businesses in Nanjing can apply for public rental housing with an area of about 30 square meters or a rental subsidy of 600 yuan to 1000 yuan.

　　This year, Hangzhou also issued the "Implementation Measures for the Payment of Living Allowances for Newly Introduced Graduates with High Education in Hangzhou", which stipulates that within one year after graduation, the graduate students will be subsidized by 20,000 yuan each, and the doctoral students will be subsidized by 30,000 yuan each. The application time limit is one year from the date of graduation, and they will be paid in one lump sum.

　　Data Map: At the job fair of Najie talent market in Wuhan, it was crowded with job seekers who came to apply. China News Service reporter ZhangChang photo

　　The purchase price is more favorable

　　For college graduates, considering where to "put their youth", the housing policies of various places are of course an important reference factor.

　　In the media’s inventory of the policies of "attracting talents" in various places, compared with other preferential policies, the preferential policies for buying houses are more related to the settlement policies. For example, the settlement policies in Xiamen, Qingdao, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Wuxi and other cities are relatively loose, and graduates are not affected by some purchase restriction policies after they settle down.

　　Taking Wuhan as an example, the city’s latest housing policy is clear, striving to let more college graduates who are studying in Han buy housing at 20% below the market price and rent rental housing at 20% below the market price, which is also interpreted by the outside world as "20% off for buying a house and renting a house".

　　In Chengdu, the city has put forward various ways and means to solve the problem of "Rong Piao" living in housing, such as talent apartments, supporting rental housing for industrial new towns and shift houses built by employers. In order to facilitate the fresh graduates from other places to apply for jobs in Rong, the city has also set up more than 20 young talent stations for free stay within 7 days.

　　Changsha will pay 15,000 yuan, 10,000 yuan and 6,000 yuan of rental and living allowances to full-time college graduates who work in the local area within two years; Doctor and master graduates who work in Changsha and buy houses for the first time will be given 60,000 yuan and 30,000 yuan housing subsidies respectively. (End)

　　International Online News (Reporter Huang Rong): In the Vision and Action of Promoting the Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road issued by the China Municipal Government in March 2015, Xi ‘an was defined as "a new highland of inland reform and opening up". Xi ‘an, once the starting point of the ancient Silk Road and now in the geometric center of China’s territory, has actively integrated into the national "One Belt, One Road" opening-up and regional coordinated development strategy, made concerted efforts in land and air transportation, and actively built the "One Belt, One Road" international logistics channel.

　　Small target of "Chang ‘an" this year — — Run 1000 trains.

　　On May 12, in Xi ‘an International Port Area, the reporter saw rows of containers full of goods parked in the port area, ready to board the Central Asian and Central European train "Changan" and rush to all parts of the world. Liu Dan, deputy general manager of Xi ‘an land port Multimodal Transport Company, told the reporter, "At present, trains in Central Asia and Central Europe have been operating normally, with eight operating routes, namely, Xi ‘an to Central Asia, Germany, Poland, Hungary, Iran (Afghanistan), Finland, Belarus and Russia, basically achieving full coverage of major sources of goods in Central Asia and Europe."

　　The opening of Central Asia Train and Central Europe Train has built a gold logistics route connecting Central Asia and radiating the hinterland of Europe, and opened up a safe, efficient and convenient international import and export trade channel for China’s goods exported to Europe and European products entering China. Liu Dan said, "As of March 25th this year, the Central Asian and Central European trains" Chang ‘an "operated 168 trains in 2018, with a total cargo weight of 179,000 tons. This year, the international port area has a "small goal" — — Run 1000 trains ‘ Changan ’ " . After five years of rapid development, the speeding international freight trains have become a new business card for Shaanxi to open to the outside world.

　　From the second half of 2016 to the present, Aiju Grain and Oil Industry Group, an old-fashioned grain and oil enterprise in Xi ‘an, which became attached to Kazakhstan, shipped back more than 10,000 tons of Kazakhstan flour and more than 6,000 tons of Kazakhstan oil by "Chang ‘an". At present, Aiju Group has signed a 1.5 million mu strategic cooperation agreement with the Kazakh government on raw material planting, and built an agricultural product processing park in North Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, which has been included in the "List of 51 cooperation projects between China and Kazakhstan on capacity and investment".

　　Logistics giants gather in Airport New Town, and their international business grows rapidly.

　　Train transportation has opened up the land trade channel, while air transportation has become the main mode of transportation for products with high added value, and it has been the first choice of a large number of "sea scouring tourists". In 2017, the annual cargo and mail throughput of Xi ‘an Xianyang International Airport in Airport New Town reached 260,000 tons, up 11% year-on-year. Among them, the international cargo and mail throughput increased by more than 80%, the international express business increased by more than 6 times year-on-year, and the cargo and mail transit volume increased by nearly 60% year-on-year.

　　The person in charge of the aviation logistics company of Western Airport Group told the reporter that "a one-hour flight can cover the main central and western regions, and a two-hour flight can cover 70% of the country’s territory and 80% of the total economic area", coupled with "introducing leading logistics enterprises", "increasing all-cargo freight routes" and "goods can be cleared in two days after arrival in Hong Kong", the international express business of the airport has developed rapidly.

　　At present, there are five cargo airlines operating in Xi ‘an Xianyang International Airport, including China Eastern Airlines, SF Express, Yuantong, Long Hao and Postal Airlines. The airport has opened 13 all-cargo routes, including Amsterdam, Chicago, Hahn, Seoul, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Urumqi, Erdos and Yinchuan, and has initially realized the all-cargo network layout of domestic north to south, east to west, and foreign countries directly to Europe and America.

　　The logistics and transportation potential of Xi ‘an Xianyang International Airport has attracted many logistics giants. At present, 13 airline base headquarters such as China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines and Sichuan Airlines have settled in Airport New Town, and another HNA Modern Logistics Headquarters with total assets of 220 billion yuan has settled in, gathering 66 modern logistics enterprises such as Prologis, Fengshu, Hitachi and "Three Links and One Reach".

　　It is reported that in 2018, the aviation logistics company of West Airport Group will continue to increase the route network construction, open or encrypt no less than five all-cargo routes, support the improvement of service functions such as designated ports, cold chain logistics, comprehensive bonded goods and fast customs clearance, vigorously develop international business, introduce large international express enterprises, strive to achieve a growth rate of more than 50%, accelerate the professional operation, modular management and large-scale development of aviation logistics in West Airport, and support and serve local economic construction.

　　Actively build an "international aviation hub" and the normal operation of China-Europe trains. Through the joint efforts of airports and dry ports, Xi’ an has opened up a large logistics channel for the "Belt and Road", which is bound to usher in a new chapter in the development of hub economy, portal economy and mobile economy.

[Editor’s note]The imperial examination system is the most important talent selection system in ancient China society. From Sui and Tang Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination system lasted for more than 1300 years in China, which had a profound influence on ancient China society in many aspects. In 1905, the Qing court announced the abolition of the imperial examination system that lasted for 1300 years. 2015 marks the 110th anniversary of the abolition of the imperial examination system, and A General History of Chinese Imperial Examination System was also published a few days ago.

The General History of Chinese Imperial Examination System is edited and led by three scholars, Zhang Xiqing, Mao Peiqi and Li Shiyu, with five volumes and 4.52 million words. The general part comprehensively discusses the profound influence of the imperial examination system on ancient China society, the significance of studying the imperial examination system and the different characteristics of the imperial examination system in each period, and then divides it into five volumes: Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Ming and Qing Dynasties. This article is selected from the General History of Chinese Imperial Examination System, written by Mao Peiqi, one of the chief editors and a professor at the School of History of Renmin University of China, and authorized by Shanghai People’s Publishing House.

The original intention of the imperial examination was to recruit scholars fairly, but almost at the same time as the birth of the imperial examination, all kinds of fraud and tricks against fair competition appeared. Therefore, preventing fraud was an important content in the imperial examination system from the beginning.

In order to ensure the fairness of taking candidates, the Tang Dynasty constantly improved the procedures and evaluation standards of the imperial examinations and took measures to prevent cheating in the imperial examinations. In terms of examination procedures, the provincial examination in the Tang Dynasty gradually established a three-examination system for general subjects such as Jinshi and Mingjing, so as to avoid fraudulent acts such as taking the back-court examination after failing in the previous field from the technical level. In the Five Dynasties, this three-test system was introduced to state and county examinations. In the Tang Dynasty, in order to prevent cheating in the examination venue, the system of locking the examination venue was implemented, and a tribute seal was set up to prevent it from being prohibited. In order to ensure the fairness of marking, the system of reexamination and re-examination under the Chinese book door was established, and the supervision of provincial examination was strengthened at the same time.

However, the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty can not be said to be perfect and mature. At the beginning of the implementation of the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty, there was still a system of public recommendation, that is, the so-called "Taige officials" could recommend "literary artists" to the examiners, and even pre-planned the rankings on the list. Candidates should present poems and essays to dignitaries, that is, the so-called "scrolls", for recommendation. Some influential figures are even called "the task of the article, the balance of the characters, once the title is tasted, they will become good scholars." However, these dignitaries "can’t be selfless when they take it", which opens the door for the children of aristocratic families to have power, and even admits "don’t take advantage of their relatives, don’t take bribes, and make friends". Those who "have no media, no party, and have talents" are often turned away.

In Li Bai’s Book of Jingzhou with Han Dynasty, it is said that "I don’t need to seal Wan Huhou when I was born, but I hope to know Jingzhou with Han Dynasty", and Qian Qi’s poem "yet whose poems, ten years refused, are shaming, these white hairs held by the petalled pin" describes the helplessness of scholars. Some dignitaries rely on their power to openly ask for help in the imperial examination, which is more serious than cheating in the examination hall, and cheating in the examination hall has become the norm, so that "children of potential families are rewarded with each other;" The situation in which the cold door is made, ten abandoned 67 ".

In the first year of Changqing (821), Qian Hui, assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, gave a tribute and accepted the request for help. The admission was unfair and caused dissatisfaction. Mu Zong ordered a retest. As a result, of the 14 people who have been admitted, 10 were dismissed because of their lack of skills, and those suspected of asking for help were dismissed from office. In the third year of Huichang (843), Wang Qiquan, the minister of rites, made a tribute, and put forward that "anyone who has relatives in the DPRK should not be promoted", which temporarily restricted the way for the children of officials to enter the official position. However, after repeated attempts, it was finally impossible to stop the children of officials or officials from asking for help and the authorities from selling them.

The imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties also had a public examination system. In order to make the examiner know the applicant’s ordinary academic level, the applicant should submit the provincial paper, that is, the "public paper", to the Zhigong Ju official. Doing so could have examined the level of scholars more comprehensively, avoiding the fluke and unfairness of deciding to take the exam only once. However, the public papers can’t be guaranteed to be true, and there is no way to supervise and inspect them, or to use old papers or ask someone to write for them. On the contrary, there are huge loopholes, which hinder the fairness of the exam.

In order to realize the fairness of the imperial examination, the Song Dynasty continued to improve its system and technical design. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the public recommendation was abolished many times, stipulating that the recommender should be punished, and the recommended person should be punished for heavy service, and he should never take the imperial examination again, and the informer should be rewarded. The system of "public recommendation" and "public volume" was abolished, and "everything depends on Cheng Wen".

Ancient imperial examination papers

The imperial examination hall is like a battlefield. As early as the Tang Dynasty, strict discipline was stipulated. "On the day of reading and testing, the Ministry of Rites strictly set up soldiers and guards, recommended spines around them, searched for clothes, and ridiculed them. In case of false abuse. " But cheating in the examination hall is endless. In order to prevent cheating in the examination field, the Song Dynasty made a series of technical regulations. In 992, Injong was in Chunhua for three years and began to implement the "paste name examination". The test paper is sealed with a paste name, and the township is marked with a font size. During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong, a transcription system was implemented, and the examination papers were transcribed separately, and then sent to the examiner for grading. In this way, the examiner neither knows the name of the juren, nor can he identify the author with the font, so it is difficult to ask for help. Ouyang Xiu praised: "Stealing the system of taking scholars from the state is the most famous compared with the previous generation. ….. Paste the name, copy it and test it, so that the master doesn’t know who the party is, and whose son is not allowed to love or hate it. ….. its ruthlessness is like nature, and its fairness is like weighing. It has not been easy to control since its ancestors. " He believes that this is the most just system.

In the second year of Song Taizong’s reign of Emperor Yongxi (985), the system of "don’t try" was established, in which the examiner and juren were in-laws, and officials were sent to set up another examination room to try. In the sixth year of Xiaozong Road (in 1170), "the examiners of all the imperial edicts were selected by different counties, and then he was admitted to the hospital in Hefei, three counties." But at this time, the examiner in palace examination is still avoiding relatives. In the first year of Jiading, Ningzong (1208), "those who have relatives of the officials of the DPRK to go to the court will be exempted from taking the exam." This set the rules for future generations.

In 1228, the first year of Emperor Li Zong’s reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, he opened a subject, and found that a certain volume of characters was similar to people, even verbatim. The reason is that the examiner takes bribes, steals the model essay to the examinee, or the old Confucian sells the essay to the scholar for copying. The imperial court had to stop this, and ordered that once the test papers were found to be identical, the candidates would be dismissed, and the examiners and supervisors would also be dismissed. When Li Zong was in charge, the examination hall "made the rape worse". "There are five disadvantages in citing people: to preach righteousness, to change papers, to change titles, to go out with papers, and to record and destroy cracks." The court ordered strict supervision, "set up a reward grid, and promise to arrest those who are pregnant, pass on the topic, pass on the manuscript, and take the test on behalf of the whole body."

The imperial examination room system in Jin Dynasty was strict. The rules of the examination center, such as pasting names and copying, generally followed the practice of the Song Dynasty.

Inside imperial examination Hiram’s hospital

Cheating in imperial examinations was rampant in Ming and Qing dynasties. "Bribery, earning a living, cutting the volume and passing it on, and taking the top name, have many drawbacks, which cannot be exhaustively investigated, especially the joints." Therefore, the anti-fraud measures of the imperial examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties are also more severe. For example, the examinations in the Ming Dynasty were monitored by censors, while the examinations were monitored by officials of the Ministry of Justice. At the time of the examination, Yushi will supply the examination paper, seal it, transcribe it, read it, take the paper, patrol the door, check it, and have full-time staff. It is strictly forbidden to ask questions in the examination room, and each candidate has a separate room guarded by a soldier. The test paper is sealed and numbered in triplicate. The examination paper is written in ink, and then copied by the copying officer in Zhu. The reader doesn’t know the name of the examinee, and he can’t see the ink roll. It can be said that he is everywhere. In the seventh year of Hongwu (in 1374), it was stipulated that if the examinee was found with a belt, "in January before the court, he would be guilty all the time and be rehabilitated for the people."

However, as "Ming Shi" said, cheating is "joints are the most serious", and court cases occur from time to time. Some powerful officials or relying on their power, enabled their children to go to high school, or greedy for bribes, and decided to take them with money, which fundamentally ruined the fairness of the imperial examination. In the fourth year of Wanli (1576), Gao Ruyu, the examiner of Shuntian, admitted Zhang Sixiu and Zhang Maoxiu, the sons of Zhang Juzheng, the cabinet records of the powerful minister, and Wang Zhiheng and Wang Zhiding, the sons of Wang Zhuan, the assistant minister of Zhang’s party official department, which are typical cases.

Fraud in the imperial examinations was still rampant in the Qing Dynasty. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (Ding You, 1657), a major imperial examinations case broke out. After the trial release of the list in Shuntianfu Township, it was revealed that Lu Qixian, a Chinese juror, paid 3,200 taels of silver, and Lu Yiji, a fellow examiner, gave Li Zhenye and Zhang Wopu a bribe to buy them. After the results of the township examinations in various places were published, scholars resented their unfairness and exposed all kinds of fraudulent plots: Jiangnan "is well-connected with the Sect, which is to take the opportunity to benefit the disadvantages"; Huang Wei and Ding Peng, Henan examiners, used ink and pen to add sentences; Shandong, together with examiner Yuan Ying, changed the words with a blue pen; Shanxi examiner Kuang Lanxin and other comments are not listed in the title, and so on. Emperor Shunzhi ordered the Legal Department to investigate the proposed crime.

As a result, seven examiners, including Li Zhenye, Zhang Wopu, and Juren Tian Geng, were all beheaded, with no family property, and their parents, brothers and wives all moved to Shangyangbao. In addition, seven people, including Wang Shude, should immediately cut off their family property, and their wives, parents and brothers should emigrate to Shangyangbao; Eleven people, including Sun Po-ling, should be beheaded, and their family property is not registered; Zhang Min and other five people should be stranded, and Yu Zan Zhou should be stranded. Emperor Shunzhi personally interrogated him, saying, "If you commit more crimes for a while, you can’t bear it." All of them were lenient and exempted, and each of them was responsible for forty boards, and they moved to Shangyang Castle.

Ancient imperial examination with jacket

However, the fraud in the examination hall did not stop there, and all kinds of fraud continued to occur. In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), another major case shocked the ruling and opposition parties. At that time, he was in Wuwu, so he was also called the case of Wuwu examination hall. The rural examination in Shuntian, an undergraduate course, was caused by the suspected fraud of Ping Ling, a student attached to Manchuria. It was exposed that Luo Hongze, a candidate, "handed a note" into the examination room, and asked Li Heling, the director of the Ministry of War, and the Hanlin Academy to edit Pu ‘an, and Pu also asked Bai Jun, a university student, so that Luo was able to pilot. Li and Pu got 500 taels of silver, but Bai Jun didn’t know it. As a result, Pu, Luo, and Li were executed as usual, and Bai Jun was executed by "Gu Enwei Law". The murder of Bai Jun, a minister with a taste, is related to the personal hatred of his colleagues, but his responsibility cannot be escaped. It took five years for the case to be concluded. In the end, more than 90 people were punished and five military ministers were killed.

Ancient imperial examination cheat sheet

The purpose of the Qing court’s severe punishment for cheating in the imperial examination hall was to strictly observe the law and discipline, and to recruit scholars fairly. At the same time, the intention of restraining scholars and cracking down on factional strife was also obvious. Previously, the imperial edict issued in the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657) said: "It is a public code of the imperial court to make a system of selecting scholars and recommending sages by teachers … In the future, all officials, both inside and outside, should strictly abide by their duties and are not allowed to worship their proteges. If they commit crimes, they will be judged by their backs. Recommend all the officials, according to the system of the yamen, and all the items such as reading papers and exams are not allowed to attack the teachers and students … and never leave the roots of cronies. " Controlling the imperial examination hall means strengthening the control of the political situation and the power of the emperor.

Parallel to these major fraud cases is the disadvantage of the examination hall. Since the implementation of measures such as pasting names and copying in the Song Dynasty, the disadvantages of cheating and anti-cheating in the examination hall have been on the rise. As for the Ming and Qing dynasties, it reached its peak. This kind of cheating has formed a complete chain inside and outside the examination hall, and even become an industry. In order to cope with the imperial examination market, various imperial examination model essays became popular, and many scholars became experts. Some bookstores even print micro-engravings for the purpose of bringing people into the venue. As for the entrainment method, it is even more varied. Clothes, objects, pens, inkstones, paper and ink can all be used as entrainment tools, and even inclusions are hidden in obscene clothes.

In order to punish the disadvantages of entrainment, Emperor Qianlong once issued a decree that "the commander of the infantry and the censor of the five cities should show Xiaoyu and conduct a secret inspection", and sent military service to search and inspect at the scene, so that the clothes and trousers of the entrants were stripped bare. In the ninth year of Qianlong (Jiazi, 1744), the rural examination in Shuntianfu was held, and 21 people were found in the first and second sessions. Due to the deterrent of search and inspection, a large number of small rolls of flies were abandoned in every corner outside the Hiram’s Hospital. In the second roll call, more than 2,800 people were afraid to take the entrance examination. However, 68 people who took the entrance examination turned in blank papers because there was no entrainment, 329 people did not finish the papers, and 276 people were irrelevant. Such a scene not only shows the seriousness of entrapment, but also shows that Shi zhong ren is very abusive. After this campaign, the entrainment in the examination hall was slightly calm, but it soon revived. Almost to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination came to an end, and the examination was a mere formality.

Entrainment shoes for cheating in imperial examinations

The imperial examination claims to be fair, but the fairness of the imperial examination is also relative. As a multi-ethnic country with a vast territory, there are great differences among regions and ethnic groups. If all students are selected according to the same standard, it may lead to unequal opportunities. At the same time, in order to expand the ruling base, it is also necessary for each dynasty to extensively select talents and select talents from different regions and nationalities. This can not only make the representation of scholars more balanced, but also take care of the relative fairness of different regions and different nationalities. At the same time, it is also a common practice for rulers to give preferential treatment to specific groups or ethnic groups in order to strengthen their political power pillars.

There is a so-called south election in the civil and military official examination in Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the number of candidates in remote and backward areas was taken care of. In Song Dynasty, the distribution was restricted by the number of settlements in different regions, so as to achieve the balance between regions. In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong of the Jin Dynasty (1127), because "Hebei and Hedong fell at the beginning, and there were many staff members, the system of Liao and Song Dynasties was different, and the north and south were chosen for their careers." According to different standards, the new and old areas in the north and south take care of regional and ethnic differences. The imperial examinations in the Yuan Dynasty were divided into two volumes, including some factors that discriminated against Han people and southerners, but it also expanded the ruling base and sought balanced and fair consideration of differences.

In the imperial examinations in the Ming Dynasty, there was no distinction between the north and the south. In the thirty years of Hongwu (1397), he took 52 scholars, all of whom were from the south. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang thought that the examiner was a southerner and was partial, so he severely punished the examiner and read the papers himself. As a result, 61 people were admitted from the North.

After Yongle, after several adjustments, it was determined that the scholars were divided into south, north and middle volumes. This not only adjusted the pattern of interest distribution, took care of the development of backward areas, but also made the foundation of state rule more balanced and stable. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Ju also imitated the northern and southern volumes of liberal arts, which were divided into the border and the belly. Of every ten people, six sides and four bellies are normal. In Qing dynasty, imperial examination papers were divided into north and south, and the number of places was temporarily determined according to the number of people taking the exam. In the examination, we should choose scholars from different provinces and take care of remote provinces to ensure that all scholars from all provinces have the opportunity to enter the subject; The numbering system is implemented in the rural examination, and the number of places to be selected is stipulated respectively, so that children of remote towns and local ethnic groups can have pilot students. The relaxation of the imperial examination for chieftains, etc., is also for the same purpose.

Jiangnan Gongyuan

In a hierarchical society, absolute equality can never be achieved, and rulers sometimes deliberately maintain this hierarchical difference.

Imperial examination, known as the imperial court set up a subject, everyone can vote for it, but in fact, the imperial court has clear restrictions on the identity of those who participate in the imperial examination. It was stipulated in the Tang Dynasty that "there is a son of a criminal, and business is special" and no tribute is allowed. In the Song Dynasty, "those who are disobedient, forget their relatives, hide industrial and commercial differences, and return to the vulgar" and the home of medical wizards were not allowed to participate in the imperial examination; In the Liao Dynasty, "doctors, priests, butchers, traders, slave slaves, parents, offenders and fugitives are not allowed to raise Jinshi." In the fifth year of Emperor Youzhi’s reign (1105), it was also stipulated that "merchants’ homes should be forbidden to be promoted by scholars". The Jin Dynasty stipulated that all kinds of craftsmen and artists who advocated excellence, entertainers, handmaiden, criminals, relatives of traitors and even the official Taichang Grand Music Department were not allowed to take part in the imperial examination. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was still a rule that "those who advocated excellence and those who suffered from waste diseases and committed ten evils of rape and theft were not allowed to take the exam". However, people with yin and yang medical skills are not prohibited.

When Sai-jo was in power, Prime Minister Huolu Huosun and others said that "Confucian officials, Yin and Yang, and medical skills all make an attempt". The restrictions on criminals are understandable, and the restrictions on the homes of industrial and commercial medical actors and handmaiden are obvious discrimination. In the Ming Dynasty, the regulations were relatively relaxed. In the fourth year of Hongwu, Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that "only petty officials are not allowed to take exams because their minds are broken". He doesn’t want those petty officials who have been polluted by officialdom to enter the ranks of officials.

In the seventeenth year of Hongwu, it was also stipulated: "Its academic officials and idle officials, those who advocate Excellence, those who have been exiled, and those who have lost their parents are not allowed to take the exam." In the Ming Dynasty, especially in the middle and late period, a large number of children from industrial and commercial families took part in the imperial examination, and they entered the official position in the pilot test. The progress of society, the growth of industrial and commercial class and the change of universal values are the reasons. By the Qing Dynasty, it was still stipulated that the house of handmaiden advocating Excellence was not allowed to take part in the imperial examination, and other untouchables, including beggars, beggars and fishermen with nine surnames, were not allowed to take part in the imperial examination. During the Yongzheng period, although they were ordered to get rid of the low-ranking members such as Huole, and the restrictions on their participation in the imperial examination were lifted in name, it was still difficult to achieve a completely equal status in practice.

　　CCTV News:According to "Xishuangbanna Intermediate People’s Court" WeChat WeChat official account news, with the approval of the Supreme People’s Court, on May 7, 2023, the Intermediate People’s Court of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture executed Hong Qiao in accordance with legal procedures. Procuratorial organs shall send personnel to supervise on the spot according to law.

　　On June 27th, 2022, the Intermediate People’s Court of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture sentenced Hong Qiao to death, deprived of political rights for life and fined RMB 10,000. After Hong Jiao appealed, the Yunnan Higher People’s Court ruled in the second instance that the appeal was dismissed, the original judgment was upheld and submitted to the Supreme People’s Court for approval. After review, the Supreme People’s Court believed that the facts identified in the first-instance judgment and the second-instance ruling were clear, the evidence was true and sufficient, the conviction was accurate, the sentencing was appropriate, and the trial procedure was legal. He approved the Yunnan Higher People’s Court to uphold the criminal ruling of the first instance that Hong Qiao was sentenced to death.

　　Before the execution of the death penalty, the Intermediate People’s Court of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture arranged for Hong Qiao to meet his close relatives according to law, which fully guaranteed the legal rights of the executed criminals.

Guidelines for the application of grassroots employment subsidies and answers to hot issues 1. What conditions do you need to meet to apply for subsidies? 1 workers to small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, social organizations and other employment, or to the township (street), village social management and public service jobs, signed a labor contract or service agreement for more than one year; 2. When employed, they belong to college graduates within 2 years of graduation (the period before graduation of college graduates is not counted as the period for applying for subsidies); 3. The employee has paid social insurance premiums for more than 6 months in the same unit according to regulations; 4 college graduates engaged in labor dispatch work, the insured units and employers should meet the basic employment conditions at the same time; 5. The subsidy application shall be submitted within 1 year from the date of meeting the subsidy conditions; 6. College graduates: refers to graduates of ordinary colleges and universities. Including full-time college graduates from ordinary colleges and universities, as well as full-time and part-time master’s and doctoral graduates. Graduates of vocational education in technical colleges, preparatory technician classes and special education colleges, and graduates of overseas universities who have obtained academic degree certification from the study abroad service center of the Ministry of Education, refer to graduates of ordinary colleges and universities; 7. Within 2 years of graduation: refers to the graduation school year (12 months from July 1 of the year before graduation) and a specific time period of 2 years based on the date of graduation certificate. Second, what is the subsidy standard? Give a one-time subsidy according to the standard of 3000 yuan per person.This subsidy shall not be superimposed with the basic post subsidies for college graduates, the post subsidies for public employment services and the employment subsidies for college graduates to domestic enterprises. Third, how to apply for it? What is the audit process? 1. The subsidy object can apply for subsidies to the public employment service institutions in the district. District public employment service agencies and district human resources and social security departments shall complete the examination and review of subsidy applications accepted last month before the 20th of each month. Online application is open in the first month of each quarter (that is, January, April, July and October, please refer to point 5 for the specific online application process). At other times, please go to the front desk of the public employment service agency in the district (street) where your unit is located to submit the materials. 2. Review process: The subsidy application process includes acceptance, review, review, publicity, disbursement and other links. Applicants can log in to the online office system to check the review results in the interface of "Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Inquiry". Please pay close attention and wait patiently. 4. What materials need to be submitted? Graduation certificate (returned after verification), labor contract or copy and stamped with the official seal of the unit (service agreement or copy for grass-roots projects and stamped with the official seal of the unit or written explanation issued by the employing unit), and the insured unit and the employing unit belonging to the labor dispatch unit should meet the employment conditions at the grass-roots level at the same time. 5. How to apply online? 1. The applicant enters Guangdong Government Affairs Service Network (https://www.gdzwfw.gov.cn/) and logs in as an individual, and searches in the search box."Grass-roots Employment Subsidy", click "Grass-roots Employment Subsidy Application", select the city, district (street) to which the unit belongs in the pop-up box, and click "Online Processing" in the lower right corner of the pop-up box to jump to "Online Service System of Guangzhou Human Resources and Social Security Bureau-Login Page". 2. The applicant logs in to the online service system of Guangzhou Human Resources and Social Security Bureau and enters the business handling page. Click the menu Employment-Employment Subsidy Fund-Employment Subsidy Fund Application, and select the basic employment subsidy interface to fill in the application information and submit it. 6. I haven’t received the subsidy yet. How can I inquire? Subsidies are distributed by the human resources and social security departments of each district, and the progress of distribution in each district may be inconsistent. If you need to consult the specific distribution of subsidies, please contact the public employment service agencies in your district (street) for consultation. 7. Can I still apply for subsidies after I leave my original company? Yes, the application must be made within one year from the date when the subsidy conditions are met. Eight, employment is a college graduate within 2 years of graduation, but it has been more than 2 years since graduation when the subsidy application conditions are met. Can I still apply? Yes, the application must be made within one year from the date when the subsidy conditions are met. For example, after graduating for 1 year and 10 months, classmate A found a job and paid social security for 6 months. At this time, although classmate A has exceeded the graduation period of 2 years, according to the regulations, eligible students can still apply. 9. What should I do if I find it impossible to upload and delete attachments when applying online? The applicant can click Save after filling in all the information and checking it.Upload and delete attachments in the system pop-up window. If you don’t have this pop-up, please change the 360 browser compatibility mode to operate. Before operating, please confirm that IE kernel is IE10 or above and turn off the pop-up prohibition function. X. When applying online, how to inquire about the application number, application progress, application results and other related information? Applicants can log in to the online office system and inquire about relevant information in the menu of "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Inquiry". XI. When applying online, what should I do if I find that the information submitted is wrong after applying for subsidies? If the information submitted successfully, you can check the audit progress in the menu of "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Query" in the online office system, and handle it according to the following different situations: (1) Incorrect entry of company information. If the company information is entered incorrectly, such as the name of the company, the unified social credit code, the district to which the company belongs, the name of the selected employment information company is inconsistent with the name of the applicant company, and the selected employment information is wrong, please "delete" the original submission record in the menu of "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Submission" and apply again. (2) Other application materials are entered incorrectly. 1. If it has been submitted but not audited, the applicant can withdraw it by himself, and then enter "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Submission" for modification. 2 has been reviewed and returned, the applicant can be in the "employment → employment subsidy funds (special funds).→ Employment Subsidy Fund Submission menu, modify and resubmit according to the feedback return reason. 3. If it is under review or approved, please contact the district (street) public employment service agency for handling. 12. The list of subsidies has been publicized, and it is found that the relevant information of the bank is filled in incorrectly. Can it be allocated normally? If not, what should I do? Because the approval process has been completed and the subsidy list and related information have been publicized, if the relevant information of the bank is filled in incorrectly, it cannot be modified, and it will be allocated to the corresponding account according to the original information of the bank. If the payment fails due to the wrong information of the account opening bank, the public employment service agencies in each district (street) will contact you to provide relevant materials after finding the payment failure. XIII. Consultation channels: 1. Contact information of public employment service agencies in the district (street) to which the applicant belongs; 2. Message board consultation. Click on the website page "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Application → Grassroots Employment Subsidy → I want to ask questions", submit relevant questions and wait for the staff to answer them within 3 working days; Question reply and reply status can be found in "Labor Employment → Employment Subsidy Fund (Special Fund) → Employment Subsidy Fund Application → Grassroots Employment Subsidy → My Question"; 3. Call the service hotline 12345 to consult and reflect the problem, which will be followed up by the public employment service agencies in various districts. Fourteen, how to get more up-to-date information about subsidies? 1. Pay attention to the official website of Guangzhou Human Resources and Social Security Bureau; 2. Pay attention to WeChat WeChat official account: Guangzhou People’s Society;3. Pay attention to the public employment service agencies in each district according to the district where the unit belongs. WeChat WeChat official account or WeChat applet: WeChat applet in the district where WeChat official account belongs. Liwan Employment Zengcheng Zengcheng Employment Yuexiu Guangzhou Yuexiu released Haizhu Haizhu Employment Tianhe Tianhe Employment Baiyun Guangzhou Baiyun Employment Huangpu Guangkai Employment Panyu Panyu Employment Conghua People’s Society Huadu People’s Society Nansha Guangzhou Nansha released attachment: contact information of public employment service agencies in each district (street). docx

CCTV News:The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said today (June 13th) that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China will give priority to the construction of 100 high-level, professional and open training bases integrating production and education in the fields of advanced manufacturing, new energy, new materials, biotechnology and artificial intelligence, as well as nursing, rehabilitation, nursery and home economics.

During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the state will arrange investment in the central budget to support the construction of 100 high-level, professional and open training bases for the integration of production and education, so as to improve the training level of the integration of production and education in vocational colleges. Priority will be given to advanced manufacturing, new energy, new materials, biotechnology, artificial intelligence and other fields, as well as nursing, health care, nursery, housekeeping and other fields, and radiation will drive practical training, employee training, product pilot test, process improvement and technology research and development in related industries.

Liu Ming, Director of Social Affairs Department of National Development and Reform Commission:Building the training base into an important symbol of improving the level of vocational education and an important platform for cultivating high-quality skilled talents.

Support qualified places to establish a "green channel" for multi-department joint examination and approval, optimize the examination and approval process of project construction in vocational colleges, strengthen the guarantee of factors, and promote the convenience of project construction in vocational colleges.

　　College students "reverse tone" employers: remolding the workplace with youth

　　Another graduation season is approaching, and Zhou Xu, a graduate student from a university in Zhejiang, has successively received employment offer from many "big factories". He didn’t feel any special pressure in the process of fighting wits with the same employers. On the contrary, relying on the "back tone" of various enterprises in the early stage, "basically all the problems are under control" in the interview process of these five enterprises.

　　As a matter of fact, as early as the autumn recruitment in June last year, Zhou Xu had made clear his requirements for the enterprise, and made a multi-faceted understanding of the relevant situation of the enterprise, and ranked it from high to low in importance: location, industry, platform size, salary level and corporate cultural background.

　　After screening based on this primary demand, there are only five or six enterprises left in front of Zhou Xu. When the conditions of the remaining enterprises were not much different, he finally chose to join a company that he thought was more dynamic and innovative.

　　Zhou Xu’s job-hunting experience is not unique. According to media reports, a large number of post-00 graduates are about to enter the workplace with new words, deeds and ways of thinking. Not only are they not obsessed with the aura of big factories, they dare to say "no" to overtime work, and even "reverse background check" their employers before the interview.

　　Anti-customer-oriented: After 00, graduates began to "reverse their employers"

　　In the process of job hunting, "back tone" is a very common link. This is the abbreviation of "background investigation", which usually happens at the end of the interview process. The employer checks the authenticity of the background information of the applicant by consulting the graduate school, former company and other relevant people. However, today’s college students have given a "counterattack" to the traditional sense.

　　Chen Heng, a fresh undergraduate from a key university in Beijing, made a tentative plan for his future employment environment before applying for a job. She yearned for a more relaxed and free working environment, so she ruled out a large number of traditional companies. As a student majoring in financial management, for the purpose of improving her professional ability, she finally set her goal on the Internet "big factories" and well-known accounting firms.

　　On this basis, on the one hand, she collects the information of the firm through the Internet, not only from the official website, but also from various types of apps to search for more sharing from employees. On the other hand, she took advantage of the holiday to practice in these offices, and personally felt the working environment and learned about the work content. In this way, she finally signed an agreement with her favorite firm and will officially join the job soon.

　　The "reverse tone" brings Chen Heng a deeper thinking about career development. When I first entered the university, the Internet giant once attracted Chen Heng very much, and had a "halo" value. But as Chen Heng entered the senior year, she began to think about what she really wanted. "In the final choice of occupation, although there are ‘ Dachang Halo ’ I still chose a place where I can improve my professionalism in a targeted manner. "

　　On the internet, "reverse tone" has even been summarized into different "segments". The most basic operation is to check the company from various online App information and go to the recruitment website to understand similar positions; Further, it is to ask the brothers and sisters or the "little friends" who have worked as interns in the company to inquire about the inside story; The advanced version is to compare the salary level in the salary tool, look at the company size from the enterprise inquiry website, check the boss background, and even look at the investors behind the company and their investment logic.

　　Li Li is a senior in Peking University. Since his sophomore year, he has had many internship experiences. Except for the first internship, he didn’t do a special investigation because he was still in a "white workplace" state. In other internships, he accumulated a lot of experience of "reverse tone": "First, he directly analyzed the existing second-hand materials such as computers, magazines, books, documents and Internet search; Second, relying on your own contacts, in the communication with friends and classmates, you can feel the environment of the corresponding company. Among them, the latter is more important. "

　　Is "reverse tone" common among college students? Yu Hanyu, a counselor of Hunan University, said in an interview with the reporter of Zhongqing Daily and Zhongqing.com, "In fact, this situation has always existed among graduates. For many years, we have often encouraged students to do it in employment guidance ‘ Career interview ’ It is a kind of research on the employer. The most common thing is to contact the seniors who have already worked in the unit, or to understand the specific work situation, salary and position development in some job-seeking websites and forums. "

　　"However, in recent years, as most of the graduates are post-95 s and post-00 s, some of them have become more and more diverse, detailed and detailed." Yu Hanyu said that this is because graduates at this stage are Internet aborigines, and their ability and sensitivity to information collection are much higher than those of previous graduates. The composition of graduates’ employment satisfaction is also more diverse and socialized.

　　Take the initiative: what do college students get after "reverse tone"

　　In the operation of "reverse tone", many college students admit that this not only gives them a deeper understanding of their upcoming jobs, but also gives them a further understanding of their career development and life path planning.

　　Li Li felt a little strange when she first saw the word "reverse tone". In his cognition, it is "natural" to actively investigate the company’s background. But he also admitted that in the process of job hunting, companies or units are in a dominant position, but this does not affect the initiative of job seekers.

　　In her extensive communication, Li Li found that not all students have the initiative to investigate interested enterprises. "Many students around me are used to studying and living before entering the university, and they are used to being selected, but they don’t realize that their choice is also very important."

　　"We should not be ‘ Seek a job ’ , but ‘ Looking for a job ’ 。” In his view, "reverse tone" should not only be popular, but also necessary.

　　However, the students around Chen Heng will also actively learn about the company through various channels. Through "reverse tone", they can not only screen out the companies they want to join through salary, employee characteristics and corporate culture, but also take the initiative in the interview process. It is with the investigation of the company’s concerns that Chen Heng not only prepared the interview materials in a targeted manner, but also actively led the interviewer to what he wanted to show him.

　　Let yourself take the initiative in job hunting, which is recognized by many "reverse" college students.

　　Hu Pan graduated from a university in Beijing, majoring in urban and rural planning. After working for one year, he was deeply grateful for his original "reverse tone" behavior: "Job hunting is a two-way selection process, even an indispensable part of the job hunting process. The background investigation of the applicant company or unit in advance can avoid many risks and prevent his precious youth from being wasted on blind selection."

　　A teacher of Tsinghua University Student Career Development Guidance Center said that "reverse tone" proves that students are capable and sure to be in an advantageous position in job hunting.

　　Why is this happening? The teacher said: "First of all, colleges and universities all carry out vocational counseling classes, which makes students feel that it is very important to find a job. Also let them have a self-reflection, self-exploration, and let their personal characteristics and job requirements ‘ Rengang ’ Match. After vocational counseling, a concept that students will probably have is that since it is necessary to achieve the matching of people and posts, self-exploration is on the one hand, and understanding the positions of enterprises is also on the other hand. "

　　Remodeling the workplace: forcing the workplace environment to change with self-expression

　　Starting from the "reverse tone", this young people are using their subjective consciousness to bring a new atmosphere to the workplace.

　　Faced with many inherent workplace traditions, this group of college students are also resisting in a sharp-edged way. For example, in the face of the "flower name culture" prevailing in many Internet giants, many students of Li Li called it "a way to cut off social ties" and opposed it.

　　Even, they will have more "restless" plans. Although Chen Heng has successfully joined a top accounting firm, she plans to resign after working for three to five years and continue her campus career.

　　Longing for equality, pursuing self-expression, attaching importance to one’s legitimate rights and interests, and daring to raise objections … … All this will also force enterprises to make changes and create a more reasonable workplace environment.

　　Teacher Liang, a counselor from Dalian University of Technology, observed that many enterprises do not reject the "reverse tone". "I learned that the alumni association will reverse the companies that they are interested in but don’t understand, and the companies actually cooperate with the students’ surveys, because the companies also know that some things will be beneficial to attract talents after they are made public. Even some enterprises say, ‘ Don’t bother, I’ll send our things directly to you, and you can see for yourself ’ On the contrary, it can win some trust from graduates. "

　　However, some college teachers suggest that college students should have a rational understanding while carrying out "reverse tone".

　　Yu Hanyu said that her views on "reverse tone" are two-sided. "It is true that some students have a mature sense of career development and a comprehensive understanding of the industry, occupation and market, and they can analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each position according to their own characteristics, weigh their choices with a development perspective, and enter the team with consistent values and in line with their own development expectations to create more value. I support the choice of these students."

　　"But I also saw from the Internet that some students actually haven’t done their own analysis and rational cognition of the outside world. They simply and subjectively look at some online information and evaluations, such as" the per capita annual salary is one million "on the Internet, and what companies and positions are searched for. Some people have advised them to retreat and other remarks. In the process of reverse inversion, we should also adhere to ‘ What suits you is the best ’ This view is not only to measure a position by adding overtime and annual salary. " Yu Hanyu said.

　　"You must swim in the water middle school." Yu Hanyu suggested that graduates should try their best to enter the target industries and posts for internship practice, truly experience the actual work content, deal with relevant processes and links, face the possible problems in interpersonal relationships and teamwork in the workplace, experience different corporate atmosphere, adjust their expectations and goals in actual combat, and further guide themselves to collect and analyze information more scientifically and pragmatically. (Zhongqing Daily Zhongqing Net reporter Sara Ye Intern Liu Yan Gong Wei)

　　(At the request of the interviewee, the students in this article are pseudonyms.)

　　Another big move! China has developed a "super high-speed rail" with a theoretical speed of 1,000 kilometers per hour!

　　CCTV News:The "super-ring high-speed rail" advocated by the science and technology madman Musk has been recognized in the United States, and the feasibility study is under way. The super-ring high-speed rail uses low-vacuum pipes and magnetic levitation technology, and the speed will be close to the plane’s 1000 km/h. This kind of high-speed rail can be built not only on the surface, but also in underground tunnels. In China, this experiment is also under way. In a laboratory in Chengdu, the reporter of Economic Half-hour saw that scientists in China were working hard for it.

　　China announces high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology.

　　Chengdu Southwest Jiaotong University, the world’s first annular experimental line platform for ultra-high-speed magnetic levitation train with vacuum pipeline, is the first manned high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation annular experimental line in China. The total length of the line is 45 meters, the designed load is 300 kilograms, the maximum load can reach 1 ton, and the clear height of suspension is more than 20 millimeters. It is a superconducting suspension system with the same load capacity, the smallest cross section and the least amount of permanent magnet materials in the world. It can carry out the actual dynamic operation experiment of 0-50 km/h. Don’t underestimate these complicated machinery and equipment. In the ideal state of vacuum pipeline, this technological innovation can increase the theoretical speed of trains to more than 1,000 km/h.

　　Deng Zigang, Ph.D. Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University: Many indicators are internationally leading. Our core thing, its actual load capacity, can suspend a ton. The cross-sectional area of our track is the smallest in the world now, that is, its width is only 120 mm and its thickness is only 25 mm, and it uses very little permanent magnet material.

　　This high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology introduced by scientists in China, once published, has aroused the world’s largest institute of electronic and electrical engineers — — The American IEEE Association paid attention to it, and they reported this scientific research achievement of Chinese in two full-page texts. The British BBC, American CNN, European public television and other media rushed to Southwest Jiaotong University to conduct field investigation and reporting. The birth of this science and technology may not have attracted much public attention, but in the eyes of many scientists around the world, Chinese has made almost a revolutionary technological creation this time.

　　Deng Zigang: At that time, its title was Super Pipeline, and then there were comments below. It felt that this subversive technology might have revolutionary significance in all aspects of people’s travel modes or aerospace applications in the future.

　　How can this "super pipeline", which is called subversive technology by many scientists in the world, be suspended in orbit? Deng Zigang, the 37-year-old project leader, told the reporter that for decades, experts from Southwest Jiaotong University, domestic research institutes and many manufacturing enterprises have been continuously carrying out relay research and development experiments before today’s results were born.

　　Magnetic levitation technology was first put forward by Germans in the 1920s, and it has a history of almost a hundred years. In the following decades, Germany has always maintained a technological lead in constant-conduction magnetic levitation and Japan in low-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation; China has been catching up since the mid-1980s, but it is undoubtedly a huge problem to catch up with the technological gap of 60 years.

　　If we want to complete the research and manufacture of maglev train, we need to go through many thresholds in advance, such as where does HTS material come from? How to build a special track? How to design the car body, and so on. Can scientists in China successfully develop this challenge from scratch?

　　Superconduction in HTS magnetic levitation refers to a superconducting material, which has zero resistance effect, that is to say, when current flows through a conductor, there is no heat loss, and a strong current can be formed in the conductor without resistance, thus generating a super-strong magnetic field. Superconducting magnetic levitation is to realize magnetic levitation by using the diamagnetism of superconductors. The so-called high-temperature superconductivity refers to the characteristics of superconductivity in the liquid nitrogen environment of MINUS 196 degrees Celsius; Low temperature superconductivity refers to the characteristics of superconductivity in liquid helium environment at MINUS 269 degrees Celsius.

　　Compared with low-temperature superconductivity and normal-temperature superconductivity, high-temperature superconductivity has one of the greatest characteristics: it is self-stable, in other words, after being placed in a permanent magnet orbit, it can be suspended and suspended, whether in motion or at rest; Moreover, on the permanent magnet track, the high-temperature superconductor also provides stable guiding force and levitation force, that is, it will not shake up and down, and it will be firmly tied to the permanent magnet track like a nail.

　　The thickness of the superconducting layer is only 1% of that of the hair.

　　It can be suspended and hung, which looks a bit like magic. Where is the secret? Deng Zigang introduced that the first is the permanent magnet material laid on the track. In fact, high-performance permanent magnet materials have been developed and produced abroad for many years, but these products and technologies have been blocked for a long time in China. Don’t say that you can’t buy them, even if you want to visit them. The only way is for Chinese to make it himself. The magnetic levitation laboratory is in Chengdu, but the magnetic levitation materials are quietly developed and produced by a company in Hangzhou.

　　To develop high-performance permanent magnet materials, especially for high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation tracks, it is necessary to fuse and distribute more than a dozen raw materials, including various rare earth materials, evenly.

　　Mao Shoudong, vice president of Hangzhou Permanent Magnet Group Co., Ltd. told the reporter of "Economic Half-hour" that this process is like kneading dough, which is difficult, but it is crucial to the performance of magnetic steel.

　　After the precise arrangement of more than a dozen raw materials, it is necessary to magnetize the magnetic steel with current, which is also a relatively dangerous link. If the magnetizing charge is not good, it is easy to cause its unstable performance, and sometimes it can’t be controlled, and the magnetic steel is easy to fly to the ceiling.

　　After repeated experiments, the high-performance permanent magnet material was finally successfully developed, but then another problem appeared: how to splice the permanent magnets together to form the magnetic suspension guide rail? Because the repulsive magnetic force between permanent magnets is very large, a small piece can generate more than 300 kilograms of thrust, which may lead to deviation if you are not careful. So, what methods can effectively solve the problem of splicing and combination?

　　Mao Shoudong, vice president of Hangzhou Permanent Magnet Group Co., Ltd.: It depends on a series of designed tooling, and it is fixed bit by bit by mechanical means, and one magnetic steel is fixed, and then the next magnetic steel is installed.

　　Dr. Deng Zigang, Ph.D., State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University: At that time, we did a full design in the early stage. After designing the fixture, we continued to explore and improve on the spot, and finally found a better way. It took only one day to install our last 84 permanent magnet tracks.

　　After the problem of permanent magnet guideway material was solved, Deng Zigang’s team began to face the test of the second problem, which is the core high temperature superconducting material for manufacturing maglev trains in the world.

　　Deng Zigang: Our superconducting materials are installed in the four corners of our car, in this black cover. This superconducting material replaces the four wheels of our car. This superconducting material can be suspended in our low temperature environment of liquid nitrogen.

　　In the first decade of this century, there were only three suppliers of second-generation HTS materials in the world, two in the United States, which sold to the world at expensive prices, and the other company in Japan, but the export was prohibited. If materials can only be imported, China’s development of HTS industry will be "stuck". After searching in many ways, Deng Zigang set his sights on Shanghai Superconducting Technology Company.

　　Wu Xiang, Deputy General Manager of Superconducting Materials Division of Shanghai Superconducting Technology Co., Ltd.: Why do we do this? There is also a feeling. Because before we went to international conferences, all the superconducting materials reported by everyone were made by others. When it comes to superconductivity in China, there are very few questions, and there is a feeling that no one in China has made this thing. Our idea is, no matter what, we must make this, just to fight for this tone.

　　In 2011, Shanghai Superconducting Technology Company was formally established and started research and development. The first difficulty they encountered was how to closely connect different coatings with superconducting tapes. Superconducting tape is made up of several layers of different raw materials. The superconducting layer is located in the middle core layer, and the outside is mainly divided into seven or eight layers, such as machine tape, isolation layer and buffer layer. The reason why so many layers are added is mainly to protect and buffer the superconducting tape in the middle layer, which is equivalent to wearing a set of protective armor to keep the performance of superconducting tape stable and consistent. However, these layers of raw materials are different, and the coating thickness needs to be very thin and very uniform. The process is extremely difficult.

　　Zhao Yue, Special Researcher, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Energy Smart Grid (Shanghai) R&D Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University: It is a superconducting film coated on a 50 micron thick stainless steel strip. What is the concept of 50 micron thickness? That is, we are about the same thickness as hair, but the most important superconducting layer thickness among them is only about 1% of the thickness of hair.

　　Wu Xiang, Deputy General Manager of Superconducting Materials Division of Shanghai Superconducting Technology Co., Ltd.: In fact, the superconducting layer is the most difficult for us to plate now, because its process is very special, and we use laser attachment deposition to coat the film.

　　But the most difficult thing is the technology of connecting superconducting tapes together. Although the length of superconducting tapes has been changed from the initial 100-meter level to the current kilometer level, there is no superconducting tape without joints in the world due to the existing technology. As soon as the superconducting tape has a joint, it will have resistance. How to reduce the resistance to the lowest value is not only a difficult problem for Chinese, but also a difficult problem for enterprises all over the world.

　　Wu Xiang: Our company has developed a superconducting joint technology, and its resistance can reach about two nanoohms. Now, everyone in the world can normally achieve about tens of nanoohms. Two nanoohms is relatively low at present.

　　After more than three years’ efforts, superconducting materials within the world’s advanced level have finally been successfully developed in Shanghai, China.

　　Zhao Yue: We have the same condition. Compared with some similar products in the world, its performance and current carrying capacity have improved by 25%. Under this condition, we are absolutely ahead.

　　This advanced superconducting material has broad application prospects, not only for maglev transportation, but also for superconducting cables, radio charging systems for new energy vehicles, and even for national defense and military affairs, such as the new launch technology of missiles — — Cold launch.

　　Zhao Yue: The traditional missile mode is ignition launch. In the initial process of missile ignition, a lot of heat will be generated and detected by the enemy, so certain measures will be taken against the missile. If we use superconducting energy storage device to release huge energy quickly in a short time, we can throw this weapon into the air and ignite it at a certain height, so it will be difficult for the enemy to find it. This is a very popular technology, and all developed countries are studying it.

　　The two difficulties of material and track passed, and Deng Zigang in the laboratory of Southwest Jiaotong University began to face the final problem, the maglev experimental vehicle.

　　Like other research and development modes of materials, the research and development of maglev experimental vehicle has been transferred from Chengdu to CRRC Tangshan Locomotive Company. How to make the car float, and keep the maglev car running safely, smoothly and without noise, whether turning or going uphill or downhill? The researchers of CRRC Tangshan Locomotive Company took over the baton developed.

　　Wu Huichao, Ph.D. Senior Engineer of CRRC Tangshan Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd.: Each of our bogies is equivalent to a row of legs of a centipede. When we turn a corner, every module can rotate flexibly. In this case, it is very flexible for us to suspend the car through the whole small corner.

　　In 2014, the vacuum high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation experimental line was successfully built in Chengdu laboratory of Southwest Jiaotong University. Through unremitting efforts, several generations of scholars from Southwest Jiaotong University have created one miracle after another in the field of magnetic levitation. At the same time, their contribution to scientific research theory has also won great repercussions at home and abroad. In 2016, Deng Zigang’s university teachers Wang Jiasu and Wang Suyu wrote down their lifelong research efforts and published them in Germany. At this time, it is nearly a hundred years since German scholars put forward the magnetic levitation technology. This is the first superconducting monograph published in English by China scholars in Germany, the birthplace of magnetic levitation.

　　Deng Zigang, Ph.D., State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University: These two books embody a process of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology, from leading to being chased, to leading again.

　　Southwest Jiaotong University’s research achievements in high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation also strongly attract foreign counterparts. Deng Zigang told reporters that a few months later, in July 2018, several Brazilian scholars will come to Southwest Jiaotong University to study.

　　Zhang Weihua, Chief Professor of Southwest Jiaotong University and Director of the State Key Laboratory of Traction Power: With the completion of a test platform with a speed of 400km/h and 400km+this year, we can achieve the highest speed. Next, we will do it at a speed of 1500 kilometers per hour, so I think we should be ahead in the world, whether it is high-temperature superconducting maglev or vacuum pipeline.

　　At present, China, Germany, Japan, the United States, Brazil and other countries are stepping up efforts to promote the practical process of superconducting magnetic levitation vehicles. Hyperloop one Company of the United States built a 500-meter-long vacuum pipeline test line in Nevada desert, and achieved a top speed of 310 km/h in 2017. In China, CRRC Qingdao Sifang Locomotive Company was officially launched in October 2016 to develop a high-speed maglev train project with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour. In August, 2017, China Aerospace Science and Industry Group announced that the project of "High-speed Flying Train", the fifth means of transportation for human beings, has been studied and demonstrated, with a maximum speed of 4,000 kilometers per hour, which is 10 times faster than the current maximum speed of 350 kilometers per hour for the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway!

　　Half-hour observation

　　At the most critical moment of scientific research and development, what our lens can record is the hardship and boredom in the process. But as the president of Southwest Jiaotong University said, today’s era is an era of creating miracles. China’s high-speed rail has been at the forefront of the world today, and the next generation of revolutionary technology research and development, China scientists have not slackened at all. Maybe in the near future, when you and I get on the high-speed rail with a speed of thousands of kilometers per hour, we will recall the hard work of these scientists today. The process is so boring, but what finally comes together is the miracle made in China.

　　Ram Rebel, as a representative of its series of off-road products, has been selling well overseas, with strong overall design, strong off-road performance and full high-strength off-road configuration. The target model is Toyota and the tremor version with optional off-road bags.

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　　The design of the interior is very family-oriented, and the layout of various function buttons is exactly the same as that of the same brand’s horn and sports version. The electronic knob handle and the 12-storage vertical screen navigation screen are very scientific and technological.

　　Many card friends are unfamiliar with rebels. In fact, it is not a new model. It was introduced in China as early as 2017. Later, we stopped introducing it for various reasons. At present, the new model has arrived in the store. The rebel’s appearance is very domineering, and the huge logo shows its powerful performance. The design concept of Tyrannosaurus Rex is derived from it. The steel front sand guard and the 18-inch off-road wheel with the original off-road tires everywhere remind us that it was born for off-road.

　　At present, many design elements of the ceiling of American pickup trucks are from rebels. The price of more than 500 thousand is tens of thousands higher than that of the same configuration of smooth road province, and everyone thinks it is worth it.

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