Knowledge points! The Third Historical Resolution: Why and How?

  【“学习笔记”按】

  党的十九届六中全会是在重要历史关头召开的一次具有重大历史意义的会议。全会最重要的成果是审议通过了《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》(以下简称《决议》)。

  《决议》通篇融汇了百年来中国共产党践行为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴的初心使命所进行的奋斗、牺牲和创造,深刻揭示了“过去我们为什么能够成功、未来我们怎样才能继续成功”,是一篇马克思主义的纲领性文献,是新时代中国共产党人牢记初心使命、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的政治宣言,是以史为鉴、开创未来,实现中华民族伟大复兴的行动指南。

  2021年7月1日上午,庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会在北京天安门广场隆重举行。最高领袖总书记在大会上庄严宣告,我们实现了全面建成小康社会的第一个百年奋斗目标。图为庆祝大会现场。 李舸/摄

  (一)为何制定全会《决议》

  我们党历来高度注重总结历史经验。每到重要历史时刻和重大历史关头,党都要回顾历史、总结经验,从历史中汲取继续前进的智慧和力量。

  早在延安时期,毛泽东同志就指出:“如果不把党的历史搞清楚,不把党在历史上所走的路搞清楚,便不能把事情办得更好。”

  进入改革开放新时期,邓小平同志指出:“历史上成功的经验是宝贵财富,错误的经验、失败的经验也是宝贵财富。这样来制定方针政策,就能统一全党思想,达到新的团结。这样的基础是最可靠的。”

  在党成立一百周年的重要历史时刻,在党和人民胜利实现第一个百年奋斗目标、全面建成小康社会,正在向着全面建成社会主义现代化强国的第二个百年奋斗目标迈进的重大历史关头,全面总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验,对推动全党进一步统一思想、统一意志、统一行动,团结带领全国各族人民夺取新时代中国特色社会主义新的伟大胜利,具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。

  我们党已先后制定了两个历史决议:1945年,党的六届七中全会通过了《关于若干历史问题的决议》,1981年,党的十一届六中全会通过了《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》。这两个决议都在我们党的历史上对推进和引领党的事业发展发挥了重要作用,产生了重大而深远的意义。

  现在,距离第一个历史决议制定已经过去了76年,距离第二个历史决议制定也过去了40年。40年来,党和国家事业大大向前发展了,党的理论和实践也大大向前发展了。

  站在新的历史起点上,回顾过去,展望未来,全面总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验特别是改革开放40多年来的重大成就和历史经验,既有客观需要,也具备主观条件。

  正如《决议》所指出的,总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验具有三个方面的重大意义:

  是在建党百年历史条件下开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、在新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的需要;

  是增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识,坚定道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信,做到坚决维护最高领袖同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位,坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导,确保全党步调一致向前进的需要;

  是推进党的自我革命、提高全党斗争本领和应对风险挑战能力、永葆党的生机活力、团结带领全国各族人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而继续奋斗的需要。

  中国特色社会主义进入新时代,我们比历史上任何时期都更接近、更有信心和能力实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标。2019年10月1日,庆祝新中国成立70周年大会在北京天安门广场隆重举行,这是“伟大复兴”方阵(前)。 新华社记者 申宏/摄

  (two) the general requirements and key points of the Resolution.

  The party’s century-long struggle is magnificent, with a long time span, involving a wide range and many problems to be studied.

  How to formulate this Resolution is explained by the Supreme Leader General Secretary in the important manuscript "Explanation on the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centennial Struggle".

  Regarding the general requirements, the General Secretary emphasized that:

  "In general, we should sum up the glorious course of the party, the brilliant achievements made by the party in uniting and leading the people, the valuable experience of the party in promoting revolution, construction and reform, and the theory and practice of forging ahead in the cause of the party and the state since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the requirements of summing up history, grasping the law, strengthening confidence and moving towards the future."

  Specifically, it is necessary to closely follow six major propositions:

  In-depth study of the century-long history of the party leading the people in revolution, construction and reform, and a comprehensive summary of the great historical process of the party from victory to victory and its great historical achievements for the country and the nation;

  In-depth study of the party’s insistence on combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture, constantly promoting the centenary course of Marxism in China, and deepening the understanding and mastery of the party’s innovation theory in the new era;

  In-depth study of the party’s century-long history of constantly safeguarding party unity, safeguarding the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralizing and unifying leadership, and profound understanding of the distinctive characteristics and political advantages of strengthening the party’s political construction as a Marxist party;

  In-depth study of the party’s century-long history of seeking happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, a profound understanding of the flesh-and-blood ties between the party and the people, and better seeking happiness for the people and relying on the people to create great historical achievements;

  In-depth study of the party’s century-long history of strengthening self-construction and promoting self-revolution, strengthening the firmness and persistence of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, and ensuring that the party has always become a strong leadership core in the historical process of upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era;

  In-depth study of the laws and general trends of historical development, always grasp the historical initiative of the development of the cause of the party and the state in the new era and new journey, and enhance the courage and strength to anchor the established goals and move forward in high spirits.

  Summarizing the great achievements and historical experience of the party’s century-long struggle, the General Secretary stressed the need to adhere to such a stand, viewpoint and method:

  "We should adhere to the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and look at the history of the Party from a specific historical, objective and comprehensive point of view. We must adhere to the correct view of party history, establish a grand view of history, accurately grasp the main theme and mainstream essence of the party’s historical development, correctly treat the mistakes and twists and turns experienced by the party on its way forward, learn from success, learn from mistakes, and constantly open up the road to victory. We must take a clear-cut stand against historical nihilism, strengthen ideological guidance and theoretical analysis, clarify vague understanding and one-sided understanding of some major historical issues in party history, and better clean up the source. "

  In drafting the Resolution of the Plenary Session, the General Secretary requested to focus on three aspects:

  First, focus on summing up the great achievements and historical experience of the party’s century-long struggle. "We should focus on summing up the great achievements and historical experience of the party’s century-long struggle, so as to promote the whole party to grow wisdom, enhance unity, increase confidence and enhance fighting spirit."

  Second, highlight the new era of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. "For the historical period before the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the resolution of this plenary session should be summarized on the basis of existing summaries and conclusions. Highlighting the focus of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s new era will help guide the whole party to further strengthen its confidence, focus on what we are doing, and March into a new journey and a new era of achievements with a more high-spirited attitude. "

  Third, the evaluation of major events, important meetings and important people should focus on linking up with the existing conclusions of the CPC Central Committee. "Before the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, major events, important meetings and important figures in the party’s history, the first two historical resolutions and a series of important documents of the party have been extensively discussed, and all of them have solemnly made conclusions. The resolution of this plenary session adheres to these basic expositions and conclusions. " Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the summary and exposition of the Party’s history has reflected the new understanding of the Party’s century-long struggle by the CPC Central Committee. "The resolution of this plenary session should reflect these new understandings."

  中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第六次全体会议,于2021年11月8日至11日在北京举行。中央委员会总书记最高领袖作重要讲话。新华社记者 鞠鹏 摄

  (三)决议稿起草过程

  决议起草工作始终在以最高领袖同志为核心的党中央领导下进行,以优良的作风和精益求精的态度高质量起草好一份严谨科学,经得起历史、实践和人民检验的好决议。

  3次主持召开全会文件起草组全体会议,3次主持召开中央政治局常委会会议,2次主持召开中央政治局会议;从框架方案到送审稿,对每一稿都认真审阅修改、给出具体意见、提出明确要求……最高领袖总书记高度重视文件起草工作,始终引领文件起草工作沿着正确方向前进。中央政治局常委、中央政治局委员同志对决议文稿认真审阅、提出许多重要的修改意见和建议。

  笔记君注意到了这些重要时间节点:

  ——2021年3月,成立文件起草组。

  2021年3月,中央政治局决定,党的十九届六中全会重点研究全面总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验问题,成立文件起草组,由最高领袖总书记担任组长,王沪宁、赵乐际同志担任副组长,党和国家有关领导同志及有关中央部门和地方负责同志参加,在中央政治局常委会领导下承担文件起草工作。

  ——2021年4月1日开始,在党内外一定范围征求意见。

  4月1日,党中央发出《关于对党的十九届六中全会重点研究全面总结党的重大成就和历史经验问题征求意见的通知》,在党内外一定范围征求意见。

  20多天内,各地区各部门各方面的109份意见建议汇聚而来,文件起草组整理形成75.3万字的汇总本。

  ——2021年4月9日,文件起草工作正式启动。

  4月9日,北京中南海怀仁堂。最高领袖总书记主持召开文件起草组第一次全体会议,文件起草工作正式启动。总书记亲自担任文件起草组组长。

  “起草好关于党的历史的高质量文件,是一项光荣而艰巨的任务。”这次会议上,总书记发表重要讲话,为文件起草工作提供贯穿全程的根本遵循。

  ——2021年5月的一天,再次召开文件起草组全体会议。

  在文件稿框架方案初步成型的重要节点,最高领袖总书记再次主持召开文件起草组全体会议。针对文件起草工作,总书记进一步提出新的明确要求,特别强调要处理好“历史连续性和历史阶段性”“全面总结和突出重点”“总结成就和分析失误”“已有结论和最新认识”这“四大关系”。

  ——2021年7月1日,现场聆听最高领袖总书记建党百年重要讲话。

  7月1日,文件起草组同志来到天安门广场,参加庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会,现场聆听最高领袖总书记重要讲话。

  总书记在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上的重要讲话,不仅是文件起草工作依据的重点,其中的许多重要思想也直接成为了文件内容创新的“亮点”。

  ——2021年7月29日,肯定文件送审稿进展。

  7月29日的有关会议上,最高领袖总书记在肯定文件送审稿进展的同时,提出“要再打磨、再推敲,不能就此‘封卷’”。

  ——2021年9月6日,征求意见稿下发党内一定范围征求意见。

  On September 6th, according to Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party’s decision, the draft resolution for soliciting opinions was distributed to a certain extent within the Party, including soliciting the opinions of some old comrades within the Party, and specially listening to the opinions of the leaders of the central committees of democratic parties, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and representatives of personages without party affiliation.

  — — On September 10, 2021, he presided over a symposium to listen to the opinions of non-party people.

  On September 10th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally presided over a forum to listen to the opinions of the leaders of the central committees of democratic parties, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and representatives of non-party members on the draft resolution. Participants spoke enthusiastically and submitted 10 written materials, contributing many opinions and suggestions.

  The draft resolution fully reflects the opinions and suggestions of various regions and departments.

  In the process of soliciting opinions, all localities and departments put forward many good opinions and suggestions. "What can be absorbed should be absorbed as much as possible, and what can be reflected should be reflected as much as possible." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader gave clear instructions. According to more than 1,600 comments and suggestions from various regions and departments on the draft resolution, 547 words were initially added, rewritten and simplified, and the absorption rate of feedback reached 24.6%.

  On the morning of November 8, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee opened. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centennial Struggle (Discussion Draft), which embodies the wisdom and will of the whole Party and absorbs opinions and suggestions from all sides, was placed in front of the comrades attending the meeting.

  At the meeting, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a work report on behalf of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and explained the discussion draft of the resolution to the plenary session.

  Starting from the afternoon of the 8th, the comrades attending the meeting were divided into 10 groups to discuss in depth and put forward opinions and suggestions around the Political Bureau of the Central Committee’s work report and resolution discussion draft. After two and a half days of full discussion, the comrades present at the meeting put forward 138 amendments. Based on these opinions, the document drafting group suggested 22 amendments to the discussion draft.

  On the evening of November 10th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meeting, listened to the reports of discussions of various groups, and studied and determined the revision of documents.

  On the morning of the 11th, the revised draft of the resolution was submitted to the group for discussion again to form a draft resolution.

  Comrades attending the meeting agreed that the draft resolution comprehensively reviewed the glorious course of the Party’s century-long struggle, concisely summarized the Party’s century-long historical experience, and highlighted the key point of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s new era. With its lofty political stance, scientific thinking and method, comprehensive content system and clear historical context, the draft resolution will surely inspire the whole Party and people of all nationalities to continue to struggle for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

  "Pass!" On the afternoon of November 11th, at the Great Hall of the People, the voice of the Supreme Leader General Secretary just fell, and the venue rang with prolonged warm applause.

  More than 36,000 words, each word has far-reaching significance, and every sentence is strategically located. A century’s magnificent journey is condensed into this imperial masterpiece that shines with the light of Marxist truth.

Focus on the 2018 Annual Meeting of Boao Forum for Asia: What is the significance of time nodes and theme selection?

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 7 th Question: What are the profound meanings of time nodes and theme selection? — — Focus on Five Highlights of Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference in 2018

  Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter Pan Jie Li Jinhong

  From April 8 to 11, the 2018 annual meeting of Boao Forum for Asia will be held in Boao, Hainan. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader was invited to attend the opening ceremony of the annual meeting of the forum and will deliver an important keynote speech.

  The theme of this annual conference is "Open and Innovative Asia, a Prosperous World". More than 2,000 guests from all over the world will gather together. What are the highlights to look forward to?

  Aspect 1: The time node is unusual.

  This year marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up, and it is also the first year to implement the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress. At this important historical moment, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader will be invited to attend the opening ceremony of the annual meeting of the Forum and deliver an important keynote speech, which has attracted much attention from the outside world.

  What great achievements has China made in reform and opening up, what important experience and enlightenment have it had, and what world significance and influence have it had? At the new historical juncture, how will China open wider to the outside world, deepen reform and start again? The Chairman of the Supreme Leader will give the most authoritative explanation on these issues, and the outside world will also hear a series of new important measures of reform and opening up.

  "The process of deepening reform and opening up initiated by China in the new era is not only an upgrade of the original reform and opening up, but a further expansion in open ideas, structural layout and institutional mechanisms." Wang Jun, member of the Academic Committee of China International Economic Exchange Center, said.

  Yang Xiyu, executive vice president of Boao Forum for Asia Research Institute, believes that China’s reform and opening up has changed from "crossing the river by feeling the stones" to paying more attention to top-level design. "The new round of reform and opening up initiated by China will play a demonstration, enlightenment and leading role in solving the structural reform problems facing the world."

  Aspect 2: Theme selection has profound meaning.

  "Openness" and "innovation" are the two key words of the theme of this year’s annual forum. Experts said that there are many uncertainties in the current world economic instability, and Asian countries should fully tap the driving force of innovation, promote regional cooperation and economic integration, and make contributions to world economic development.

  "A new round of global scientific and technological revolution is gestating. Both developed and developing countries should seek breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation, constantly liberate and develop social productive forces and improve labor productivity, which is the only way to achieve sustained prosperity and development. " Wang Jun said.

  He Maochun, director of Tsinghua University Center for Economic and Diplomatic Studies, believes that in recent years, China has taken many actions in the field of opening up and innovation, such as fully implementing the negative list system of market access, greatly relaxing the restrictions on the proportion of foreign capital entering the financial industry, and vigorously implementing the innovation-driven development strategy. This forum will help all parties to exchange experiences and practices, stimulate a new round of growth potential with scientific and technological innovation, and promote a wider and higher level of regional cooperation in Asia.    

  "In the context of anti-globalization and the rise of protectionism, Asia and the world need more openness and linkage, and we also expect China to play a greater role." He Maochun said.

  Aspect 3: Heavy guests gather

  It is understood that more than 2,000 guests attended this year’s annual forum, from heads of state and government to heads of international organizations, from business leaders, experts and scholars to media elites, which can be described as a gathering of heavy guests.

  The Supreme Leader attended the annual meeting of Boao Forum for Asia for the third time as president, China. In addition, Austrian President Vanderbilt, Philippine President Duterte, Mongolian Prime Minister Huzle Surh, Dutch Prime Minister Rutte, Pakistani Prime Minister Abasi, Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, UN Secretary-General Guterres and IMF Managing Director Lagarde will also be invited to attend the annual meeting.

  Zhou Wenzhong, Secretary-General of the Forum, said that the leaders of China personally attended the meeting and delivered important speeches. More than 100 of the world’s top 500 enterprises sent representatives to attend the annual meeting, and many well-known large enterprises in China will also attend the meeting.

  "The guests attending this year’s annual meeting are more geographically distributed and the sectors are more diverse." Yang Xiyu said that this is an opportunity to observe and understand the future policy direction of China from a distance, and it is also a platform for business people to find business opportunities and seek cooperation.

  Aspect 4: The topic setting reveals many "China opportunities"

  This year’s annual meeting plans to set up "Globalization and ‘ Belt and Road ’ " More than 60 formal discussions were arranged in four sections, such as "open Asia", "innovation" and "reform and start again" The annual meeting will also set up special discussions on the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and xiong’an new area and the construction of ecological civilization.

  "Urban Agglomeration" Mode of Urbanization in China, Property Market and RMB Internationalization … … Many topics at the annual meeting are about China. Wang Jun believes that this reflects the expectation of all parties to catch a ride on the development of China and share development opportunities with China.

  "China’s economy has maintained rapid growth for decades, making it the second largest economy in the world. China contributes more than 30% to global economic growth. The sustained and healthy development of China’s economy itself is a contribution to the world economy. " Wang Jun said that China is also constantly playing its role in global governance and the supply of public goods, showing the image of a responsible big country.

  This year marks the fifth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative. In the past five years, the initiative has not only been recognized by the whole world, but also implemented many projects. It is understood that this year’s annual meeting will hold a round table on "One Belt, One Road: Successful Cases and Experience Sharing". Relevant government and business representatives of major "One Belt, One Road" projects such as Gwadar Port and China-Europe Train will introduce the specific practice of "One Belt, One Road" and share their experiences.

  Aspect 5: Deepen the concept of the community of human destiny

  During this annual meeting, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader will give a clear voice to China and clarify China’s position on further promoting the building of a community of Asian and human destiny and creating a bright future for Asia and the world.

  "Today’s world is in a period of great development, great change and great adjustment. The concept of a community of human destiny has pointed out the direction for international relations and is of historic epoch-making significance." Yang Xiyu said.

  He believes that for many practical problems such as current trade frictions, the concept of community of human destiny is also highly targeted. Mankind has become a community of destiny in which you have me and I have you. Every country has the right to development, and should consider its own interests at a broader level, not at the expense of other countries’ interests, otherwise it will only harm others and harm itself.

  Experts said that countries need to establish the concept of a community of destiny, help each other in the same boat, promote the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, and push economic globalization towards a more open, inclusive, inclusive, balanced and win-win direction.

Double innovation of science and technology broadens the road of high-quality employment

Xinhua News Agency, Zhengzhou, October 21st Title: Innovation of Science and Technology Broadens the Road to High-quality Employment

Xinhua News Agency reporter Han Chaoyang

In 2020, there will be 278,000 high-tech enterprises in China, which will provide 38.588 million jobs. During the National Mass Entrepreneurship Innovation Week in 2021, innovation and entrepreneurship in the field of science and technology promoted high-quality employment, which became the consensus of experts attending the main venue in Zhengzhou.

Zhang Mu, a second-level researcher at the Torch Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, said at the High-quality Development Forum of Science and Technology Innovation in the New Era held recently that since 2014, all kinds of science and technology entrepreneurial service institutions have sprung up all over the country, achieving a leap-forward growth, and it will grow to 14,500 in 2020, serving nearly 680,000 entrepreneurial teams and enterprises, and its support for science and technology innovation is increasing day by day.

At the same time, the integration mechanism of scientific and technological achievements transformation and innovation and entrepreneurship has gradually taken shape. By the end of 2020, more than 2,100 new R&D institutions with R&D, transformation and incubation functions have been established nationwide to accelerate the commercialization of scientific research results and support industrial technological innovation.

At present, high-tech enterprises account for 25.2% of the total number of industrial enterprises in China, achieving 33.4% of operating income and 40.3% of total profits. In 2020, domestic invention patents authorized by high-tech enterprises accounted for 49.2% of the country.

Experts attending the meeting generally believe that after opening up the chain of application research and development, transfer and transformation, business incubation and industrialization, the main position of technological innovation of enterprises has been greatly improved, and the role of technological innovation in driving high-quality employment has become increasingly prominent.

"Technological innovation drives the migration of occupations, industries and even social structures." Mao Daqing, founder and chairman of Youke Workshop, said at the "Science and Technology Innovation China" new era entrepreneur talk activity that the technological revolution promotes the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and technological innovation is the core of the industry transformation and upgrading. In this process, some low-creative jobs will be replaced, a large number of new jobs will be created, and at the same time, knowledge and technology upgrading of some jobs will be promoted.

It is reported that high-tech enterprises will provide 38.588 million jobs in 2020, among which 516,000 new college graduates will start businesses.

Participants pointed out that in the process of technological innovation, financing difficulties are still the shortcomings of technological innovation. "Scientific and technological innovation needs ecological environment, innovative talents are seeds, venture capital is sunshine, and market environment is soil." Yuan Hongwei, the founding partner and chairman of Zhuo Yuan Capital, believes that the long-term continuous positive movement of the three elements can create a good innovation ecology, but the low proportion of long-term capital is the shortcoming of the current innovation ecology.

China Science and Technology Innovation Work Development Report 2020 issued by Torch Center of Ministry of Science and Technology also points out that the financing difficulties of start-ups are more serious. After the epidemic, venture capital funds, bank credit and other financing channels pay less attention to start-ups and lack capital support channels.

Yuan Hongwei said that he hopes that more social resources can be allocated to this field and contribute to creating a good innovation and entrepreneurship ecology.

COVID-19 detoxification research: the time in feces is longer than that in breathing, and the detoxification of men is slower than that of women

  A new study on the time and load of virus in different tissue samples of patients with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by medical college of Zhejiang University shows that the duration of virus in feces is much longer than that in respiratory tract and serum samples, and the peak of virus load in feces appears later.

  On April 21st, local time, the top international medical journal BMJ (British Medical Journal) published the research article "Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang Province, China, January-March 2020: Retrospective Cohort Study ",the research team includes many medical research teams in Zhejiang, including the Clinical Laboratory Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Pharmacy Department, Respiratory Diseases Department and other departments; Institute of Laboratory Medicine; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang pancreatic disease research and innovation center, etc.

  The correspondent of this article is Liang Tingbo, a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Zhejiang University and a winner of the National Natural Science Foundation’s Outstanding Youth Fund.

  At present, the relationship between the changes of viral load and the severity of diseases in different tissues such as lower respiratory tract, feces, serum and urine in Covid-19 is still unknown, and this information is very important for the formulation of disease control strategies and clinical treatment.

  Through retrospective cohort study, the authors systematically evaluated the viral load of 3497 samples collected from 96 inpatients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College from January 19 to March 20, 2020, and analyzed the temporal variation of viral load and the correlation between viral load in different sample types and disease severity.

  The research team found that,The duration of SARS-CoV-2 in fecal samples was significantly longer than that in respiratory tract and serum samples.This highlights the risk of fecal transmission of virus, indicating that it is necessary to strengthen the management of fecal samples in the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.

  In addition, it is worth noting that in critically ill patients, the virus persists in the respiratory system and feces for a longer time and with a larger load, and the peak time may be later than known.

  The duration of virus in feces is long, and the viral load in respiratory tract samples is the highest.

  The sample of the study included 22 mild patients and 74 severe patients. The research team collected their epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment and outcome data through the patients’ electronic medical records.

  The results showed that Covid-19 RNA was detected in feces of 55 patients (59%) and serum of 39 patients (41%), and there was no difference in the detection rate of fecal virus between mild patients and severe patients.

  It is worth noting that the detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract samples of confirmed patients gradually decreased from 95% in the first week to 54% in the fourth week, and subsequent respiratory tract samples were negative. However, the positive rate of stool and serum samples gradually increased from the first week, and then began to decrease from the third week.

  Although the detection rate of viral RNA was as high as 50% in the urine of SARS patients, in this study, researchers only found Covid-19 RNA in the urine of one critically ill patient.

  The detection rate of virus RNA in serum is also obviously different from that of SARS. Some previous studies found that as many as 79% of serum samples contained SARS virus RNA in the first week of symptoms, and the proportion was about 50% in the second week. However, in this study, the detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in patients’ serum was only 41%.

  The number of virus-positive patients in respiratory tract, feces, serum and urine samples of patients diagnosed with mild or severe COVID-19 at different stages after the onset of symptoms. The figures in the figure are the number of COVID-19-positive patients in a certain organization/the total number of patients tested.

  The researchers found that confirmed patientsThe duration of virus in feces (22 days, quartile range 17-31 days) was significantly longer than that in respiratory system (18 days, 13-29 days) and serum samples (16 days, 11-21 days)..

  In addition, the duration of virus in respiratory tract samples of patients with severe diseases is significantly longer than that of patients with mild diseases; However, there was no significant difference in viral load in stool and serum samples between mild patients and severe patients.

  Different kinds of tissue samples and different viral loads

  There are significant differences in viral load in different tissues. Among the research samples, respiratory tract samples have the highest viral load, followed by fecal samples, and serum samples have the lowest viral load.

  Through local weighted regression analysis, the researchers found that in the mild group, the viral load in patients’ respiratory tract samples reached its peak from the second week of disease onset; In the severe group, the viral load in the respiratory tract samples of patients continued to increase in the third and fourth weeks.

  Similar to the change trend of viral load in respiratory tract samples of severe patients, the viral load in stool samples of patients was the highest in the third and fourth weeks after the onset of the disease.

  Changes of viral load in respiratory tract samples of mild and severe patients and all stool samples since symptoms appeared. Purple represents respiratory tract samples of severe patients, yellow represents respiratory tract samples of mild patients and pink represents stool samples of all patients.

  The duration of virus in lower respiratory tract samples was longer than that in upper respiratory tract, and the peak appeared later.

  The researchers found that the researchers found that,The type and duration of antiviral treatment have no overall effect on the duration and viral load of the virus..

  In critically ill patients, the virus duration of patients who received glucocorticoid treatment for more than 10 days was much longer than that of patients who received glucocorticoid treatment for less than 10 days, and other different treatment methods had no effect on the virus load.

  At present, the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoid and antiviral drugs on SARS-CoV-2 patients is still unclear. The researchers stressed that it is impossible to evaluate the effects of antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids at present because the types and doses of antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids have not been analyzed.

  The authors said that in the next step, the effectiveness of antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids needs to be verified by more multicenter randomized studies.

  After stratified analysis of critically ill patients, the researchers found that,The duration of the virus in men is significantly longer than that in women, and the duration of the virus in patients over 60 years old and male patients is longer..

  The reasons for the gender difference in virus duration are not only the differences in immune status between men and women, but also the differences in hormone levels. The reason why the virus lasts longer in the elderly patients is partly due to immune aging, and another reason is that the content of Covid-19 "receptor" angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in the alveoli of the elderly is higher.

  Previous studies have found that the peak load of SARS-CoV-2 in patients’ upper respiratory tract samples appears in the early stage of the disease. However, the researchers found that in the lower respiratory tract samples, Covid-19’s "viral shedding" lasted longer, and the peak appeared later, and the peak amount of detoxification did not appear until about two weeks after the onset of symptoms.

  The researchers believe that these findings are very important for effectively controlling and preventing the COVID-19 epidemic, because it shows that the whole disease process of SARS-CoV-2 patients must be strictly managed.

  Based on the research results, the authors believe that the role of fecal excretion in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 can not be ignored. However, in the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, the feasibility of large-scale detection of fecal samples also needs comprehensive and careful evaluation.

Can the box office miracle of A Story More Sad than Sadness be copied?


Special feature of 1905 film network Director and screenwriter Anxian Lü never thought that the movie (hereinafter referred to as "Than Sadness") could achieve such high results at the box office. In the eyes of the outside world, while their creation caused a sensation, it would be followed by pressure.


Admittedly, the two did worry in a short time. How to make a difference between the next work and Than Sadness? Will you have greater expectations for yourself?



After calming down, they found that the answer turned out to be no, so it is better to devote themselves more to their creation.


Perhaps from the outside world, Friends of the Week and Than Sadness have many similar keywords: remake, illness, emotion … …But in fact, Lin Xiaoqian and Anxian Lü took over Friends of the Week much earlier than the latter.



Although the outside world always thinks that Lin Xiaoqian has made many works with youthful elements, in reality, he has never really made a youth film in school uniform. So, he hit it off with the screenwriter Anxian Lü, so it’s better to say goodbye to their youth with Friends of the Week.



Just like the movie slogan, "Let’s meet! Summer and friendship can’t live up to it. " Then, what kind of work will "Friends of the Week" come slowly after "Than Sadness"?

A different adaptation


The original "A Week’s Friends" is a well-known Japanese girl, who has produced an animated series and a live-action movie, which is quite difficult for the China version.


Whether it is localization or difference, these old-fashioned topics have long appeared in the plans of directors and screenwriters. While the audience was still wondering whether the director would remake the story frame by frame, the screenwriter had already made a subversive adaptation of the story.



Just like the title of the film, time memory is the starting point of the work itself, and emotion is just a branch line that spreads along it.


So does human memory lie? There may be no solution. After all, the Mandela effect tells us that people sometimes have some false memories. Director Lin Xiaoqian grasped this point, "I want to differentiate between memory and truth and falsehood."


Screenwriter Anxian Lü also thinks that many plots in the original work are difficult to happen in China, and even some emotional expressions are not in line with everyone’s cognition, so it is better to make some more daring and exciting adaptations on the basis of following the original story.



As a result, the first half of the story of Friends for a Week retains the logic of the original story, but it is subverted later and expanded more richly.


To this end, the team also translated the script into Japanese and handed it to the original author. "I didn’t expect you to have such an idea." The new idea surprised Ye Yue Matcha very much.



Since youth can’t stay, it’s better to make youth more dreamy. In Anxian Lü’s view, everyone in youth has an unconstrained style.


Lin Xiaoqian, the director, also didn’t want to make the story too realistic, with some fantasy, like the cup of Corbis in the summer afternoon, with refreshing bubbles.



So, he planted a small egg in the movie.


"In the scene where Lin Xiangzhi went to buy a goldfish, she bought a goldfish on an overpass. The street lamp of that overpass caught a glimpse, but what did it look like?" He made a wonderful change to the street lamp. Is it a lamp or something else? Whether Lin Xiangzhi is in reality or divorced from reality, "whether it is true or not, perhaps the answer lies in the hearts of the audience."



Compared with the original infatuation with love, Friends of the Week focuses on the relationship between four good friends.As Lin Xiaoqian said, "Our youth is not so ignorant of love, but more firm and fettered by youth friendship."

The casting of youth


Emotional touch, the audience is looking at resonance and empathy, cp will add points, and the emotional ties between friends are the same.


"Friends of a Week" not only puts pen and ink on the man and woman, but also allows the audience to see the friendship between the four friends, extending from the film to the outside.



When casting, Lin Xiaoqian and Anxian Lü were very sure that the actor’s age should be similar to the role, otherwise it would be distorted.


It was first decided, and then Angel recommended Lin Yi to visit Chengdu, during which he met the director and contributed to this cooperation.In Lin Xiaoqian’s eyes, "Lin Yi is the perfect candidate".



Before the audition, Lin Xiaoqian saw a lot of Lin Yi’s past works, but most of them were cold and handsome images of Xueba, and never had a similar temperament to Xu Youshu. "I was worried at that time." Later, the director designed a method — — Find a unique flavor of essential oil for each character.


In a scene where Xu Youshu and Lin Xiangzhi quarreled, the director told Lin Yi, "From today on, this smell will disappear from your life." The words sound just fell and Lin burst into tears for an instant. Even later, when the dubbing was made up, the director took out the taste again. "He told me that the director should not come. Now when he smells this smell, he will think of the scene of quarreling with Jinmai."



So, what do they all smell like? "Today’s wheat is a Bulgarian rose, and Lin Yi is a lavender."


Not only that, but a lot of shooting work has brought the team back to youth. In order to reflect the atmosphere more truly, the director found the college entrance examination paper with the corresponding time background, taught Angel to solve problems with PK on the spot, and taught Lin Yi to draw auxiliary lines.



Filled with youthful breath, Lin Xiaoqian and Anxian Lü recalled that they were all infected.


Because the screenwriter Anxian Lü wrote a lot of underwater scenes, the director Lin Xiaoqian frequently shouted, "The water scene was filmed for 8 days, and I really’ collapsed’." It is even more difficult for the actors with poor water quality. Even so, everyone still worked hard to complete the filming.

"After we finished filming the water show, the actors all threw us into the water." Celebrations among young people are always full of vitality.

Fantasy shooting


As a matter of fact, the arrangement of water play once made the screenwriter in a dilemma.


In the middle of the story, it is necessary to arrange an accident. The original story is a car accident. "But I don’t want it to be a car accident. Everyone has already filmed it. I want to write something special." Anxian Lü knows that no matter how to deal with it, there will be a spit, so it is better to follow his own creation.



Because the film "Friends for a Week" was shot in Chengdu, there are many lakes around. In the pastoral investigation, Anxian Lü found that there were many similar accidents in Chengdu. Not only that, but this design can be more realistic and close to the struggle of the victims’ inner choices and self-suggestion.


In addition to underwater scenes, director Lin Xiaoqian also unlocked many new ways of playing in Friends for a Week.In the movie, four friends turned the abandoned astronomy classroom into a secret base.


Anxian Lü specifically noted in the script whether it can be realized by case-by-case animation. Finally, the director filmed the whole day for the scene that lasted only a few minutes, and then invited an animator to complete the imaginary effect.



Compared with the creation of many real movies, this form of frame-by-frame animation will often appear in music movies (MV), and the implantation of novel forms will naturally face many doubts.


Whether it’s MV shooting or innovation, Lin Xiaoqian is not worried about the audience’s opinion. After all, the film has developed for more than a hundred years, and the most attractive place is to create it with images. Even in the later period of Friends of the Week, the director did a lot of tricks in mixing. "We will mix the bass with the stress and the drums will be very clear."


The partner is not stingy with his praise for the director. "This is already the director’s style, and" Friends of the Week "is not a realistic theme. We hope to have a space for imagination and play."



If so, "Friends of the Week" may be half finished in production.The remaining half, everything is handed over to the audience. For the director and screenwriter, the next project has already started.


It’s just that after two consecutive remakes, people can’t help wondering whether they will return to the original script.


Anxian Lü told us that his next work is an original project. Lin Xiaoqian sold a pass. "I really want to shoot a story about the combination of soft science fiction and love."As for the story, "I don’t want to give myself that burden."


Ancient Conservation Forum | Zhang Zhiqing: A Successful Example of Mass Communication of Ancient Books —— China in Ancient Books

  In the dissemination and promotion of Chinese excellent traditional culture, the mass communication of ancient books is a difficult point. Ancient books are in traditional Chinese characters, classical Chinese and vertical editions, and there are no punctuation and sentence breaks. Most people don’t understand them, so stay away from them. The binding of ancient books is simple and plain, unlike other cultural relics with diverse forms and outstanding artistic characteristics, which attract people’s attention. Although ancient books contain the profound history, ideology and culture of the Chinese nation, most of them are only suitable for minority communication and mass communication at present, and there are not many successful examples of mass communication, which has become the difficulty of "living" in cultural heritage.

  During the prime time on the first night of this year’s Lunar New Year’s Day, CCTV’s comprehensive channel launched the special program "Shangshu" of "China in Classics" to interpret the connotation of the ancient classic "Shangshu" with the help of stage drama and dialogue between ancient and modern times. Once the program was broadcast, it hit the hearts of hundreds of millions of TV viewers with its profound historical accumulation, innovative artistic techniques, perfect performance skills and shocking effect of ancient and modern crossing, and immediately aroused enthusiastic response throughout the country. Xu Wenguang, deputy director of CCTV’s comprehensive channel, described the public’s response to the film as "public opinion exploded". According to CCTV’s recent statistics, the online video broadcast volume of this program exceeded 140 million person-times, and the reading volume of related topics in Weibo exceeded 700 million, making it a phenomenal communication product. Netizens and the media have praised the program for "spreading cultural self-confidence" and "shocking people".

  After the broadcast of China Shangshu in Classics, many viewers who didn’t know Shangshu said that they had a strong impulse to read this ancient classic handed down from pre-Qin. Mr. Qian Zongwu, president of the International Shangshu Society, said that Shangshu is not the same as other classics, such as Zhouyi, Shijing and Chunqiu. The latter three are well known and widely spread. However, Shangshu is relatively cold, and scholars and readers pay less attention to it. Through China in the Classics, people’s concern about Shangshu, the Chinese national classic, and their concern about its history and present situation are aroused, which surprises the collating researchers. It can be said that Shangshu has changed from the least mass communication to the most mass communication, and the most difficult ancient book Shangshu has taken the lead in living today, which is undoubtedly a great success in the dissemination of ancient books. The most eye-catching sentence in the TV audience’s comments is: "Let’s do it."

  Why did China in Classics have such a shocking communication effect? I attribute the main reasons to four aspects:

  Refine and highlight the thoughts with eternal value and modern significance in ancient culture.

  Shangshu, a Chinese national classic, contains rich and profound ideological culture, ancient legends and historical stories. How to extract the essence of Shangshu in a 90-minute program and arouse the audience’s resonance is very difficult. According to the introduction of the program group, in order to shoot the special program "Shangshu" well, a lot of information work was done in advance. With the help of the China Institute of History and the National Library, more than 500 images and stories in Shangshu were found, and after repeated research and screening, the character Fusheng and two stories of Yugong and Pastoral Oath were finally extracted, so that the public could understand and taste it, and the excellent program played a direct role and shocked the audience.

  What is a "classic" in this 90-minute special program? What is the Yuan Dian of the Chinese nation? Who handed down the Book of History? Why do you want to pass the Book of History? Where does the Chinese nation come from Where is the future going? What is the Chinese national spirit? The question is very impactful.

  The special program "Shangshu" has two links: "experts’ comment on the topic" and "classic reading meeting". It seems that there are a lot of clues, but in fact, it is to point out and solve the topic by taking everyone to read, and repeatedly point out the most important words in "Yu Gong" and "Pastoral Oath" to maximize the theme extraction.

  The narrative of Yugong focuses on Dayu’s flood control and the division of Kyushu, which shapes the image of Dayu, the ancient ancestor of the Chinese nation and tells the story of the Chinese nation’s indomitable struggle in the face of difficulties. The Grazing Oath portrays the heroic image of Zhou Wuwang, who eradicated the crime of tyranny and hanged the people, and reveals the importance of people’s hearts to the success or failure of the war. Together, the two stories highlight the idea that "the people are the foundation of the country, and the foundation is the foundation of the country", and also highlight the importance of Fu Sheng laying down his life to protect books, inheriting Shangshu and continuing the context. Rich and profound ideological connotations constantly impress the audience, make the audience full of harvest, and make the program have soul and flesh and blood.

  Realize the innovative combination of stage art and TV art.

  The times of Shangshu span more than two thousand years, so it is impossible to tell the story of Shangshu well without jumping and changing in time and space, but without the main line and relatively fixed expression. The production of the program adopts innovative artistic techniques: through a fixed drama stage, a main line of book inheritance, and an image of risking one’s life to protect books, it has realized the time crossing of four thousand years. Two thousand years above Fu Sheng tells the essence of Chinese national thought contained in two stories: Yu Gong and Mu Shi. Two thousand years under Fu Sheng, telling the hardships of book inheritance and future cultural self-confidence. Besides Fusheng, Sa Beining, a modern scholar, also went through the Fusheng era to appreciate the connotation and inheritance significance of Shangshu. The interaction between Fu Sheng and Sa Beining explains the inheritance and continuation of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation as the "root" and "soul" of the nation. The artistic expression is stable but not chaotic, specialized but not miscellaneous, and the effect is outstanding.

  Dahong Ni plays Fu Sheng, which is the artistic soul of the program. Through his consummate acting skills, the touching story of Fusheng’s protection and inheritance of Shangshu was presented to everyone, which directly hit people’s hearts and tears, and made the protection and inheritance of ancient books have the propaganda effect of letting the world know, understand, participate and struggle. There is a scene in the program in which the centenarian Fu Sheng crossed over two thousand years later. Seeing that the children visiting the library can recite the original text of Yugong, while showing a gratified smile, they also show the sadness of experiencing great pain, which reminds us of the hardships of protecting and inheriting the ancient classic Shangshu. Therefore, China in Ancient Books can also impress the hearts of librarians, ancient book restorers and ancient book collectors. These people who have been guarding and inheriting the classics in their posts for a long time are modern "fu sheng". Their obscure work and persistence for many years have interpreted their own values through the image of Fu Sheng, which has been recognized and respected by the national audience. When everyone heard Dahong Ni, the actor of Fusheng, saying, "How can I not lay down my life to protect my book?", many people were filled with tears. Dahong Ni said that he played the role of Fusheng, "with painstaking efforts, to play cleanly". It is this unremitting pursuit of the spirit of protection and inheritance of Chinese cultural classics that makes Fu Sheng on the stage connect with many "Fu Sheng" in real life.

  Making programs on the basis of profound cultural accumulation and scholarship.

  The fate of Shangshu in the long history is consistent with the fate of the country in dealing with chaos. It is a typical example of the inheritance, dispersion, protection and restoration of ancient books. It is also a magnificent cultural history and academic history in which scholars of past dynasties are eager to find the roots and souls of the nation, eager to restore ancient books, and insist on the scientific spirit of distinguishing between the false and preserving the true. It has a profound cultural accumulation and academic foundation.

  Shangshu has been repeatedly killed by fire and water in history. After the Qin fire, it was handed down to later generations by fu sheng’s offering of books (this article "Shangshu") and Lu bi’s excavation (the ancient prose "Shangshu"), as well as various Confucian explanations. There were various lawsuits in the Han Dynasty about the ancient prose "Shangshu". As a result, both the ancient prose and the modern prose were lost in the Wei and Jin wars at the end of the Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the ancient prose Shangshu, a pseudo-Confucius biography, appeared, with 25 articles for no reason, but it was highly praised by the ruling and opposition parties. After being annotated by later scholars, it was handed down as an official version. It has been about a thousand years since Fusheng handed down books. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Wu Kun and Zhu Xi began to suspect that this book was forged. It was not until Zhu Xi’s disciple Cai Shen wrote the Biography of Book Collection that the work of distinguishing forgeries was initiated. It was not until Yan Ruoqu wrote the Shuzheng of Shangshu Ancient Literature in the Qing Dynasty that the other 25 forgeries were regarded as real theories. The work of distinguishing fakes has gone through about a thousand years, which shows the difficulty of inheriting ancient books. In the Han Dynasty, Shangshu, which was established by scholars and promoted by the state, was so fated, and the inheritance of ancient books among the people can be imagined. At present, the six batches of National List of Precious Ancient Books issued by the State Council have included 26 kinds of the most important handed-down versions of Shangshu. There are also many important documents reflecting the inheritance history of Shangshu in the editions and research works of Shangshu collected by the National Library. Here are a few examples:

  The earliest remains of Shangshu in the collection are the stone classics carved from the fourth year of Xiping (175) to the sixth year of Guanghe (183) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were various lawsuits about Shangshu in modern and ancient Chinese, and Shangshu in modern Chinese handed down by Fusheng was also divided into three schools: Ouyang He, Da Xia Hou and Xiao Xia Hou. Scholars are unable to agree. During the Xiping period, Cai Yong, a scholar, suggested that the standard text be engraved on stone tablets, and seven Confucian classics, such as Shangshu and Zhouyi, with a total of 64 stones, were written in official script on the front and back, standing in front of the lecture hall of Luoyang Imperial College in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Among them, Shangshu is mainly based on Jinwen Ouyang Shangshu, and the school is based on the big and small Xiahou editions. After the inscription of Xiping Stone Scripture, scholars and Confucian scholars came to copy it, and the traffic was blocked, which was unprecedented. However, less than ten years after Xiping’s stone sutra was carved, Dong Zhuo’s rebellion occurred, and the stone sutra was not spared and was destroyed by the war. Since the Song Dynasty, Xiping Stone has occasionally been unearthed from the remnant stone. There are 13 words in the remnant stone collected by Guotu, and the content is a part of Yaodian of Shangshu.

  After the wars in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, Shangshu, a modern and ancient prose, was lost. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, Shi Mei-ruo in Yuzhang presented the ancient prose Shangshu to the imperial court, scattered Kong Anguo’s preface at the top of each article, divided the ancient prose Shangshu into 33 articles, collected the lost articles of Shangshu in the pre-Qin period, and added his own sentences, thus forging 25 articles, totaling 58 articles. Because of the coexistence of authenticity and taking advantage of academic disputes, it was quickly praised by the ruling and opposition parties, and spread to the whole country from the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, becoming a popular book of Shangshu. In the Tang Dynasty, a stone sutra was carved in Chang ‘an during his adult life, which has been passed down to the present. At present, there are as many as 49 surviving manuscripts of Dunhuang suicide note Shangshu in the world, all of which are pseudo-Confucius ancient prose Shangshu. Among them, the collection of a piece of Tang Dynasty manuscript Shangshu was very broken when it entered the museum, which was likened to "a mess" by restorers. However, with the joint efforts of literature experts and restorers, the mess was restored into a roll. This volume of Shangshu is written in capital letters, and the text is in big characters. The content is the second half of the first volume of Shangshu, Yaodian and Shundian. Note the double-line fine print, that is, "biography of Confucius". The Book of History preserved in Dunhuang’s suicide note reflects the establishment of schools and the study of Confucian classics in Dunhuang in the Tang Dynasty, and all the books used are consistent with those used in Chang ‘an, which is an example of the spread of Confucian culture on the Silk Road, and also shows the wide spread of Shangshu, a pseudo-Confucius ancient prose, as the original book of Shangshu promoted in the Tang Dynasty.

  Twenty volumes of Justice of Shangshu, an eight-line edition carved by Tea Salt Division in East Zhejiang Road in the Song Dynasty, was one of the Five Classics Justice compiled by Kong Yingda and others in the Tang Dynasty at the order of Emperor Taizong, which naturally attracted great attention from researchers. For the first time, this book combines the classics, notes and sparseness of the previous single biography into one, which is convenient for people to read. Shangshu Zhengyi was originally called Shangshu Yishu, based on Shangshu, an ancient prose written by pseudo-Confucius, and focused on the old prose written by Liu Xuan and Liu Zhuo of Sui Dynasty. "Er Liu" were all representative figures who spared no effort to popularize Shangshu, so Shangshu Yishu was criticized and revised continuously after its publication, and went to Tang Gaozong Yonghui for four years (650). Since then, the new classic and formal explanation of Shangshu is only Shangshu Justice. The imperial examination "Ming Jing Ke" must follow "Shang Shu Zheng Yi". In the Song Dynasty, imperial academy followed the traditional professor of the Tang Dynasty, Shangshu Zhengyi, and extended it with the help of woodblock printing in the tea and salt department of the East Zhejiang Road, which further confirmed its authoritative value. However, the eight-line version was lost in China and circulated in Japan, one of which was bought back from Japan by Yang Shoujing at the end of the Qing Dynasty and is now a national map; The other is hidden in Ashikaga School in Japan. In the fourth year of Honghua in Japan (1847), Kumamoto Fanshi Museum took this as its background. In 2018, Hosokawa Morihiro, a former Japanese prime minister, descendant of Kumamoto’s vassal and chairman of Yongqing Library, donated 4175 volumes of 36 Chinese books to Guotu, including this eight-line photocopy of Shangshu Justice. These two "Shangshu" have made a story of Sino-Japanese cultural friendship.

  Twenty volumes of Annotations on Shangshu with Annotations on Annotations on Annotations on Shangshu with Annotations on Annotations on Annotations on Shangshu with Annotations on Annotations on Classic Annotations were added on the basis of Kong Yingda’s Justice on Shangshu. Classic Interpretation is the work of Lu Deming, a famous scholar from the late Southern and Northern Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty, which has great influence. At that time, Zheng Xuan noted that Shangshu was alive, but Lu Deming chose Shangshu, a pseudo-Confucius ancient prose, as the base book, which raised the status of Shangshu, a pseudo-Confucius ancient prose. However, Lu Deming still kept the ancient notes of Zheng Xuan, Ma Rong, Wang Su and others in the 33 sounds and meanings published before Shangshu, which makes us know something about the original texts of these three notes, which is very rare.

  In the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, Wu Kun, a scholar, had suspected that there was a significant difference in style between the first 33 articles and the last 25 articles of Shangshu, a pseudo-Confucius biography. Zhu Xi, a great scholar, was very much in favor of Wu Shuo, and felt that many items in Shangshu, an ancient prose handed down from ancient times by pseudo-Confucius, were suspicious. Cai Shen, his protege, was instructed by his teacher to write Biography of Book Collections, with concise notes and points out what are the later scriptures, which is of great warning significance. The first printed edition of this book is the six-volume biography of Zhu Wengong’s revised master Cai Jiufeng’s book collection and one volume of the book biography question and answer, which was collected by the national map in the tenth year of Song Chun (1250). Cai Shen’s Book Collection Biography had a great influence on later generations. Yuan Renzong was a scholar, and this book was used as the standard for the imperial examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

  After Wu Kun, the work of identifying forgeries lasted for thousands of years. In Yuan Dynasty, Wu Cheng wrote Shu Bian Yan, and put the preface of Kong Chuan after the whole book to clarify his doubts. In the Ming Dynasty, Mei Li collected ancient books in the Book of Shangshu and Textual Research on Shangshu to prove that fake ancient prose and Confucius biography were fakes. By the time of Yan Ruoqu in Qing Dynasty, the true face of Shangshu, an ancient prose written by pseudo-Confucius, had been completely uncovered. In Yan Ruoqu’s Nine Volumes of Shu Zheng on Ancient Books of Shangshu, 128 pieces of forged evidence were listed, which proved that 25 pieces of Confucius’ ancient book Shangshu and Confucius’ biography were all forged books. At this point, 25 essays published by the pseudo-Confucius after the biography of the ancient prose Shangshu became a final conclusion in academic history, and Shuzheng of Shangshu’s ancient prose also became a famous work of reversing the verdict.

  In the voice of discriminating falsehood, scholars in Qing Dynasty, such as Sun Zhili, Kong Guangsen, Lu Jianzeng and Chen Shouqi, all tried to restore the original appearance of Fu Sheng’s interpretation of Shangshu, and excavated and compiled many lost articles from ancient books and compiled them into books. For example, the collection of Sikuquanshu in Wenjinge copied the biography of Shangshu, which was explained by Fu Sheng, and his disciples Zhang Sheng and Ouyang Sheng recorded it and made a meaningful arrangement and excavation of Shangshu.

  Shangshu has also spread to overseas countries such as Japan, South Korea, Europe and America. There are many famous scholars and achievements at home and abroad who study the annotation Shangshu. The latest interpretation of Shangshu is one of the 100 Classics of Chinese Traditional Culture interpreted by Mr. Qian Zongwu, President of the International Shangshu Society, and published by the National Library Press. The content includes the introduction, original works, notes, comments and other parts, which are very convenient for readers to read. The introduction outlines the whole picture and spread history of Shangshu, and concentrates the latest research results of Shangshu.

  China Shangshu in Classics was strongly supported by the China Institute of History and the National Library. It is with fertile cultural soil and solid academic foundation that we can tap the latest achievements of academic research, constantly correct knowledge and academic deviations, and achieve blockbuster results.

History of 100 Classics of Chinese Traditional Culture

Editor-in-Chief Yuan Xingpei; Interpretation of Qian Zongwu

  China Shangshu in Ancient Books has achieved success in the mass communication of ancient books and taken a solid step. However, there are still some regrets, such as the failure to apply the new achievement of archaeological discovery, Tsinghua bamboo slips, to the program. As Zhou Wenwang’s will to Zhou Wuwang, Bao Xun has a natural connection with the Pastoral Oath in the program. When Fusheng crosses into the modern library, if he sees that Bao Xun, besides his book, is still alive, how much emotion will he arouse! It will also have more confidence in future inheritance. "China Shangshu in Classics" also didn’t pull the camera off the field to see the real modern library — — The National Library, if Fusheng is allowed to pass through the Xiping Shijing, Dunhuang suicide note, rare books in Song and Yuan Dynasties and rare books in Ming and Qing Dynasties, will stimulate more enthusiasm of the audience.

Tsinghua bamboo slips "Bao Xun"

  It is an urgent need for the general public to understand the cultural ideas contained in ancient books.

  The strong social influence caused by China Shangshu in Classics is also an important manifestation of Chinese cultural self-confidence, a manifestation of people’s more expectations for the origin of Chinese civilization and the excavation of the culture in Classics, and a fundamental need of the great rejuvenation era of the Chinese nation. Strengthening the protection, collation, research and utilization of ancient books and documents has a long way to go, which requires all ancient book workers to redouble their efforts and the interactive participation of the media and the public. Professor An Pingqiu of Peking University once compared the national ancient books work to a big river: the upstream is the protection and disclosure of ancient books by ancient books collection units; The middle reaches are the collation and research of ancient books in scientific research institutes of colleges and universities; Downstream is the publishing and digitization of ancient books. This big river will also flow into the sea, that is, all Chinese descendants will protect, inherit, explain, promote and innovate Chinese excellent traditional cultural classics, and through artistic innovation and media communication, the beneficial components in ancient books will be accelerated to form an important part of advanced culture in the new era, which will stir people’s hearts and affect the future.

  In this regard, the National Library (National Ancient Books Protection Center, National Ancient Books Museum) shoulders the historical responsibility. The National Library has collected more than 3 million rare ancient books, and is making every effort to promote the "Chinese ancient books protection plan" in the national ancient books collection units. Guotu has been deeply involved in "China in Classics", providing expert consultation and literature resources, and forging this program into a cultural masterpiece of the new era with CCTV, National Theatre, China Historical Research Institute and other units. Once "China in Classics" enters the national map, let the audience see the national treasure and see the contemporary "hidden life" — — Librarians’ guarding of classics is believed to convey more cultural confidence to the audience. The powerful launch of China in Classics also makes us believe that the protection, collation, research and utilization of our ancient books are not alone. With the planning and deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the full participation and enthusiastic support of the people, the contemporary "Fu Sheng" cause will surely have a bright future.

  Author | Zhang Zhiqing, deputy director of the National Library and deputy director of the National Ancient Books Protection Center

State Post Bureau: "double 11" handled 552 million pieces of express delivery nationwide that day, which was 1.8 times of the daily business volume.

  According to the State Post Bureau, this year is the 13th peak season for postal express delivery since 2010. According to the monitoring data of the State Post Bureau, from November 1 to 11, the national postal express delivery enterprises handled a total of 4.272 billion express parcels, and the average daily handling capacity was 1.3 times of the daily business volume. Among them, 552 million express parcels were handled on November 11th, which was 1.8 times of the daily business volume.

  At present, except for some areas affected by the epidemic, the whole network is generally stable. The postal express industry actively responded, fully guaranteed the smooth operation of the peak season, and strived to create a safe peak season, a smooth peak season and a warm peak season. It is expected that the mail express generated in the peak season of "double 11" will be basically delivered before November 20th.

  This year’s "double 11" express business season mainly presents the following characteristics. First, the industry is running more smoothly. The e-commerce platform’s "good start" on November 1st further diverted the peak of double 11’s business volume that day, and the "double peak" of business became a normal state of the e-commerce platform "double 11", which effectively relieved the pressure of the postal express delivery enterprises’ sharp increase in the peak season. Second, the coordination of express e-commerce is closer. Through the extensive use of big data and other technologies, the e-commerce platform further strengthens the analysis and judgment, pre-stores a large number of pre-sold goods to the storage sites and outlets of postal express delivery enterprises, and postal express delivery enterprises allocate various resources such as transportation capacity and personnel in a targeted manner, making the delivery speed of goods faster and more convenient, and the timely delivery rate of 48 hours and the punctual delivery rate of 72 hours have improved. Third, the application of science and technology is deeper. More than 900 sets of automatic processing equipment have been newly invested in the whole industry, and technologies such as "outlet housekeeper", smart security check and address fence have become more mature. Postal express delivery enterprises have vigorously promoted the use of contactless delivery modes such as smart express boxes, and the overall operational efficiency has continued to improve. Fourth, epidemic prevention measures and security are more powerful. The State Post Bureau guides local postal administrations to strengthen supervision and inspection of enterprises’ implementation of epidemic prevention and control requirements, strengthen prevention and control of key links, key places and personnel, and prevent the epidemic from spreading through delivery channels. At the same time,With the support of local party committees and governments, the number of postal express distribution centers and outlets affected by the epidemic has decreased significantly compared with the end of October, and the microcirculation at the end has become smoother.

Pure battery life 905km Chery Technology Day released a number of technologies.

  [car home Information] On October 16th, 2023 Chery Science and Technology Day was held. At this press conference, Chery introduced the latest technical features of Eta Ursae Majoris 2025.

Home of the car

Home of the car

  Chery Eta Ursae Majoris 2025 technology will be applied to E0X high-performance electric platform and super hybrid platform, which will have the characteristics of safety, energy consumption, space, intelligent cabin and intelligent driving.

Home of the car

Home of the car

  First of all, in terms of safety, the new vehicle structure will adopt lightweight space capsule made of high-strength steel and aluminum, two horizontal and three vertical embracing force transmission structures, active seat belts, remote airbags and integrated safety technologies. New energy vehicles are equipped with world-class battery safety, including safety batteries, super waterproof, super anti-collision, extreme heat protection, extreme high-voltage safety, and full-time monitoring.

Home of the car

Home of the car

  In terms of energy consumption, Chery will build a world-class low energy consumption. In terms of pure electric vehicles, at room temperature, the minimum power consumption of CLTC is 11.7kWh/100km, the longest battery life of CLTC is 905km, and the battery life can be 150km after fast charging for 5 minutes. At low temperature, the endurance attenuation ratio is 9% due to the industry average. At high temperature, the endurance attenuation ratio is 3% due to the industry average. The low energy consumption comes from 56 technologies, including 0.205Cd low wind resistance, 30% light weight reduction, 800V high-efficiency electric drive, intelligent energy recovery, high-efficiency heat pump and so on.

Home of the car

Home of the car

  In terms of hybrid vehicles, the fuel consumption of WLTC is 4.2L/100km, the pure battery life of WLTC is 106km, and the comprehensive battery life is 1,400 km. It only takes 19 minutes to charge from 30% to 80%, and the acceleration from 0 to 50 km/h is 3.4 seconds. 72 technologies bring hybrid low energy consumption, equipped with the fifth-generation ACTECO hybrid special engine, with thermal efficiency greater than 44.5%, stepless super hybrid DHT hybrid special gearbox and three-speed super hybrid DHT hybrid special gearbox. At the same time, Chery uses scenarios in full-speed domain, full-temperature domain and full-time domain for development.

Home of the car

  In terms of interior space, taking (|) as an example, the occupancy rate of space reached 70.2%, surpassing an overseas brand limousine and a new force limousine. Storage space includes 32 storage places, over 436L, and 6 intimate storage places.

Home of the car

Home of the car

  In terms of intelligent cabin, Chery will adopt EEA5.0 user-defined service-oriented electronic and electrical architecture, with 1000TOPS AI computing hardware architecture, SOA two-section coupling software architecture, high-bandwidth secure communication architecture, high-speed OTA iteration and global design. LION 6.0 intelligent cockpit, with 2.5K high-definition central control large screen and scene HMI;; Equipped with 8155 chip +5G, the response speed is faster; It will also be equipped with 23 speakers to take effect in the whole scene; AQS air purification system, CN95 filter element; Zero learning HMI interaction. LION AI large model voice assistant can be used as vehicle function tutor, emotional companion, encyclopedia, health consultant and travel planning. Through the AI big model.

Home of the car

  In terms of intelligent driving, Chery Pilot 3.0 automatic driving assistance system will realize the functions of NOP, ramp interchange, intelligent comity, extreme weather, memory parking and remote parking in urban areas.

Home of the car

Home of the car

  In the future, these new technologies will be installed on Chery Fengyun series pure electric cars and SUVs, Xingtu Xingjiyuan electric cars and SUVs, Jietu Shanhai series hybrid cities and off-road SUVs, and iCAR 03 pure electric vehicles.Chery’s models will enter Europe, Latin America, Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Central Asia, etc. The car networking has 16 languages and 8 voices, and these technologies will be enjoyed all over the world.

Home of the car

  In terms of innovative technology of Kunpeng Super Hybrid C-DM, Fengyun A8 will have Super Hybrid 1DHT, Xingtu Eta Ursae Majoris will have Super Hybrid 3DHT, and Shanhai Traveler will be a five/seven-seat hard-core hybrid off-road SUV.

Home of the car

Home of the car

Home of the car

Home of the car

Home of the car

Home of the car

Home of the car

  Looking forward to the future, Eta Ursae Majoris 2025 technology will be advanced in five major areas, including Mars architecture, Kunpeng Power, Lion Intelligent Cabin, Great Wisdom Driving and Galaxy Ecology. S2ma can expand the intelligent Mars architecture, with a wheelbase range of 2500-3500mm, and realize full-line control chassis, large space, CTC battery, intelligent distributed drive and pluggable EEA 6.0. S2ma Chery Intelligent Chassis CIC 3.0 realizes multi-domain integration and full scene. In terms of drive technology, it has DHE 6.0 hybrid special engine, E-Fuels engine, DHT 4.0 super hybrid box and intelligent vector dual motor. In terms of the core technology of the intelligent cabin, it includes LION Melody 2.0 brand audio, LION AI big model 2.0, LION OS system, high computing platform, international car networking and car enjoyment meta-universe. In terms of intelligent driving, it has Pilot 4.0 to realize urban commuting mode, high-speed navigation and driving, and remote summoning parking. Drive 2.0 includes Robotaxi, urban high-speed full scene, and completely unmanned operation.

Home of the car

  In terms of product planning, Chery plans to launch five super hybrid and four high-end electric vehicles on E0X platform in the fourth quarter of this year, and launch 24 super hybrid and 15 high-end electric vehicles on E0X platform within two years.

Home of the car

Home of the car

Home of the car

  Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Shenxing rechargeable battery will be the first vehicle to land in Xingtu Xingyu Era.Shenxing battery is the world’s first 4C rechargeable battery made of Ferrous lithium phosphate material and capable of mass production. It can be charged for 10 minutes and has a battery life of 400 kilometers, with a cruising range of more than 700 kilometers. (Text/car home Qin Chao)

Over the past five years, Xinjiang has accumulated more than 2,500 trains between China and Europe, and the foreign trade volume has exceeded 100 billion US dollars.

  On June 25th, Xinjiang Urumqi International Lugang District (hereinafter referred to as "Lugang District"), 41 carriages with about 25 tons of tomato sauce were ready to be loaded, and they took the China-Europe train and arrived in Russia about 10 days later.

  Xinjiang is the largest tomato production base in China, and its tomato processing industry ranks first in the country in terms of output, quality, export volume and equipment level, and it is also the main characteristic export product in Xinjiang. Statistics show that in 2016, the tomato production in Xinjiang was 9.18 million tons, including 7.61 million tons of "industrial tomatoes".

  July-September is the harvest season of tomatoes every year, and the tomato paste sold to Russia at this time is the industrial product of tomatoes in the previous year.

  "PVC and ketchup are the most exported products here." Zheng Weiguo, deputy general manager of Urumqi land port Intermodal Transport Co., Ltd., told The Paper that in the past, if Xinjiang’s products were to be exported to Europe, they had to be transported to Tianjin or Qingdao first, and then by sea for 45-60 days; With the China-Europe train, it only takes 10-15 days to export from Urumqi to Europe.

  This change has benefited from the planning and construction of the land port area, and it is also a microcosm of Xinjiang’s historical opportunity to seize the "Belt and Road Initiative" and continuously implement the construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt.

  According to the data from the Development and Reform Commission of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, up to now, 1,479 foreign-invested enterprises from 68 countries and regions have been approved and put on record in Xinjiang, and there are 834 enterprises at present, with the actually utilized foreign capital of 3.973 billion US dollars. From 2014 to May 2019, the region’s foreign trade volume reached US$ 113.69 billion, including US$ 96.71 billion in exports and US$ 16.98 billion in imports.

  The newly-added railway operation mileage is 1,320 kilometers.

  In the past five years, Xinjiang has grasped the construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt and achieved remarkable results in roads, railways and aviation.

  According to the staff of the Development and Reform Commission of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in the past five years, the functions of the three major roads in northern, central and southern Xinjiang have been continuously improved, and the Mingshui-Hami section of the G7 line (Jingxin Expressway) has been completed and opened to traffic, forming the second all-weather traffic artery into Xinjiang; Opened 111 international road transport routes with five neighboring countries; China-Kyrgyzstan-Urumqi highway freight transportation has been normalized.

  In terms of railway passage construction, the high-speed railway from Urumqi to the mainland has been networked with the whole country, Karamay — Tacheng Railway was put into operation, and key projects such as the new section of Geku Railway and Hotan to Ruoqiang were accelerated. Since 2014, the region has added 1,320 kilometers of railway operation, with a total mileage of 6,331 kilometers.

  In the material yard of Pujia base, steel rails and cement sleepers are neatly stacked beside the transport track. These materials will eventually be transported to the paving site of Geku Railway by train after pre-assembly, and become a part of Geku Railway.

  In terms of air passage construction, four civil transport airports have been added, seven airports have been relocated, rebuilt and expanded, five airports are being rebuilt and expanded, and major projects such as the reconstruction and expansion of Urumqi International Airport have been launched, bringing the total number of civil airports in the region to 21. By the end of May 2019, there were 264 flight routes in operation, and 16 countries -20 international cities, 1 regional city and 81 domestic cities were connected with Urumqi International Airport.

  In terms of information channel construction, 17 cross-border optical cables were connected with neighboring countries such as Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, which realized the interconnection of communication and information between Xinjiang and neighboring countries, and formed the cross-border layout of international information channels in the west, south and north directions of the Silk Road Economic Belt.

  At the same time, the infrastructure of Horgos and Kashgar Economic Development Zones has been continuously improved, and the industrial agglomeration capacity has been steadily improved. China’s first international border cooperation center — — The construction of China-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center has been accelerated, and 35 key projects with a total investment of more than 30 billion yuan have settled in the cooperation center, initially forming an export-oriented industrial system focusing on international trade, duty-free shopping, cross-border finance and cross-border tourism, which has become an important window for the whole region to open to the outside world.

  The transportation time was shortened by one month.

  Supported by China-Europe train shipment, and in line with the idea of "collecting goods, building gardens and gathering industries", Urumqi International Land Port Area will build a production-city linkage development area covering 120 square kilometers with the West Railway Station area as the core.

  Liu Shaohua, full-time deputy director of the Lugang District Construction Committee, said that the Lugang District was planned and prepared in 2015, and construction began in 2017, and then entered a stage of rapid development.

  According to the data, up to now, Urumqi assembly center has started the China-Europe train — There are more than 2,500 international freight trains in westbound Xinjiang, and 20 train lines have been opened successively, reaching 18 countries and 25 cities in Central Asia and Europe. The goods carried have expanded from the initial daily necessities and clothing products to more than 200 categories such as machinery and equipment, plumbing and building materials, and the speed and scale of train operation are in the leading position in the same field in China.

  At the same time, based on Xinjiang’s industrial base, Lugang District has formulated five scheduled train operation plans to speed up the improvement of train operation quality. From January to May, 2019, there were 439 trains, and the overseas return supply was sufficient, which can realize the return to normal operation. It is estimated that there will be more than 500 trains in the first half of 2019.

  "Moving the seaport to the doorstep has reduced the logistics cost by about 10%." Liu Shaohua said that Xinjiang is the closest dry port in China to Europe. Compared with the past, the China-Europe trains originating from Xinjiang have obvious advantages in time and cost.

  In the future, Lugang District will also focus on "building a garden" and improve facilities and platform functions; Speed up the layout of logistics network around "optimizing logistics supply chain"; Accelerate the development of related logistics industries around "gathering industries". For example, the second phase of the China-Europe train assembly center is accelerated, and it is planned to be completed and put into operation by the end of June this year, when the train delivery capacity can reach 3,500 trains.

  On June 25, the big screen in Lugang District showed that a train from the mainland to the Netherlands on June 25 had three empty cabins when passing through the Urumqi assembly center of the Central European train. This also means that enterprises in Xinjiang can organize the supply of goods in advance and take this "ride" to go abroad.

  The above information was collected from the platform of land port Intelligent Station in Urumqi. The relevant staff said that the platform has completed the system test and put into trial operation in July this year, which is expected to open up the railway and customs information between China, Eurasian Economic Union and the European Union.

  According to public reports, the above-mentioned intelligent station platform will open up the logistics information chain, create a "digital" China-Europe train, and adopt the "one single system+third-party supervision" model to give the railway bill of lading financial attributes. In the future, goods from different routes such as "Chongqing New Europe" and "Zheng New Europe" from the mainland arriving at the Central European Train Assembly Center in Urumqi can be "assembled and transported" with local export freight goods in Xinjiang, so that small quantities of goods from different regions can be assembled and sent to European and Asian countries.

  Zhou Kai, executive deputy general manager of Xinjiang land port (Group) Co., Ltd. said that there are dozens of cities in China that operate China-Europe trains, and all of them are empty to a certain extent. By "assembling and transporting", the utilization rate of trains can be improved.

  South Xinjiang saves 4-5 hours when going abroad.

  Standing up straight, whistling and changing gestures ….. Liu Xiaofeng, with dark skin, is meticulous in his work and seriously directs the workers in construction.

  This is the construction site of Kudong Pujia Base of PJS Bid Project Manager Department of Xinjiang Section of Geku Railway of China Railway No.1 Bureau, located in the suburb of Korla City, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang.

  Geku Railway, from Golmud, Qinghai to Korla, Xinjiang, with a total length of 1,213.7 kilometers, is the third outbound railway after Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway and Harbin-Ordos Railway. Among them, the main line of Xinjiang section is about 708.182 kilometers long, with a total investment of 22.627 billion yuan.

  For southern Xinjiang, the significance of Geku Railway is self-evident.

  Luo Peixin, commander of the Korla Railway Construction Command of China Railway Urumqi Bureau Group Co., Ltd., said that after the completion of the Geku Railway, southern Xinjiang such as Hotan and Kashgar no longer need to bypass Hami from the railway, which will save 4-5 hours by car; At the same time, the railway from Hotan to Ruoqiang is also under construction, and the railway network around Taklimakan desert will be born in the future, which is also the only railway network around the desert in the world.

  Liu Xiaofeng is 35 years old and has been a railway construction worker for 15 years. His hometown is Baoji, Shaanxi, and he studied track laying in technical secondary school. After graduation in 2004, he joined the China Railway First Bureau and laid railways in Gansu, Guangdong, Shanxi and Guangxi.

  In 2008, Liu Xiaofeng came to Xinjiang, and successively participated in the construction of the Urumqi-Zhun Railway, the Harrow Railway and the transformation of Hami Station. Liu Xiaofeng said that it is more convenient for workers to live and relax when building railways in other places and the construction site is close to the city; When I came to Xinjiang, it was sparsely populated and windy and dusty. Many of them were built in deserted places, and I couldn’t see any green, so I was not used to it at one time.

  In 2009, when the WuZhun Railway was built, Liu Xiaofeng and other workers had no place to live, so they had to dig holes and set up tents. Located in the north of Xinjiang, there was a lot of snow on the mountain, and a sudden snow came and went straight to their tent. Liu Xiaofeng said that fortunately, during the day, the workers found it in time and quickly used a forklift to block the snow water before they escaped.

  After 11 years in Xinjiang, Liu Xiaofeng is used to the extreme climate and hard working environment here. He was confident in his work ability and became a foreman. "More than 40 people listened to my command and adjusted their construction flexibly."

  In January 2016, the Xinjiang section of Geku Railway started construction. The beam erection and track laying work of this project was undertaken by China Railway No.1 Bureau, which entered the site in June 2017.

  The construction of Geku Railway is an unprecedented test for workers such as Liu Xiaofeng.

  Xinjiang section of Geku Railway is difficult to construct because it has to cross high mountains, no man’s land, desert geography, ecological protection zones, etc. Huang Kejun, project manager of PJS standard of Xinjiang section of Geku Railway of China Railway No.1 Bureau, said that it is the most difficult to cross the desert edge area. For example, when workers eat, they are filled with sand in an instant, so they have to wrap the bowl in plastic bags.

  Huang Kejun remembers that he spent the night at the construction site, and it was windy and windy at night, even wearing a mask to sleep.

  In this regard, Liu Xiaofeng has a deep understanding: the face is full of sand during construction, and eating sand is a common thing; One night the wind was so strong that even the conference room was blown away; Construction in desert areas, there are no grass and trees, the surface temperature can reach 50 degrees Celsius, the rails are very hot, you need to wear thick protective clothing, and your sweat keeps falling off.

  Liu Xiaofeng said that the areas where Geku Railway passes are inaccessible, and materials and tools need to be transported from Korla or Golmud, which greatly increases the work intensity and also leads to the extension of workers’ working hours, often 14-15 hours per shift.

  During a hard day’s work, Liu Xiaofeng’s most relaxing time is video chatting with his family. His parents, wife and two daughters are all in their hometown of Baoji, Shaanxi Province, and they video chat every day. He will ask his daughter about school, and her daughter will ask him what he ate today and what he did.

  With a monthly salary of 8,000 yuan, Liu Xiaofeng will send 7,000 yuan home, which is also an important source of income for this family of six. Every Spring Festival, he can go home and reunite with his relatives. "I miss my family for so many years, but I am used to it."

  By the end of 2020, Geku Railway is expected to open to traffic. Liu Xiaofeng knows the significance of Geku Railway. He is not good at expressing it, but only expresses that he is proud to participate in the construction.

  In the imagination of the outside world, Geku Railway is expected to become a tourist railway after passing through the "daughter country" and the ancient country of Loulan. From a longer-term and grand perspective, Geku Railway will promote exchanges between southern Xinjiang and Qinghai, Tibet and Southwest China, further improve the land transportation channels between inland China and Central Asia and the Mediterranean, and as an important part of the South Passage of the Silk Road Economic Belt, promote the implementation of the "Belt and Road Initiative".

  Express logistics saves 1-2 days.

  Travel shoes, white shirt, 34-year-old Pan Sima dressed casually, pragmatic and capable. He is a native of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. His father has been doing cotton business in Xinjiang for many years. For the sake of inheriting the family business, he came to Xinjiang for development 10 years ago.

  In 2015, the South Xinjiang Express Logistics Park, located in the suburb of Korla City, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, was approved. Pansima smelled the business opportunity and planned to jump out of the comfort zone and do a big job.

  Pan Sima said that he is very optimistic about e-commerce and thinks that the logistics industry has great development prospects. Just before the various logistics points in Korla were scattered and the environment was messy, the government intended to concentrate on building a logistics park, and the two sides hit it off.

  Pan Sima’s company is responsible for the construction and operation of the logistics park. In 2016, the construction of the logistics park began, and in 2017, it began to attract investment. Today, the logistics park covering an area of 1,000 mu has begun to take shape.

  According to Pan Sima, at present, the logistics park has developed more than 600 mu, and the second phase is under construction. More than 10 express delivery companies such as SF Express, Zhongtong, Yunda and Shentong have all moved in, handling an average of 200,000 express deliveries every day. Among them, the express delivery from other places is the most, and its number is three times that of express delivery.

  In late June, it was the hot season for local small white apricots. Every day, there were tens of thousands of small white apricots that went out from the Nanjiang Express Logistics Park, of which nearly 40% were carried by SF Express.

  Pan Sima said that the Southern Xinjiang Express Logistics Park is a logistics transit center in southern Xinjiang. After the completion, the express delivery in southern Xinjiang no longer needs to pass through Urumqi, saving 1-2 days in time and about 1 yuan in cost.

  In the express transfer and sorting workshop of South Xinjiang Express Logistics Park, piles of express mails will be sent to various districts, counties and towns after sorting.

  In the workshop of logistics enterprises in the park, the workers are busy sorting express delivery by hand. Pan Sima said that compared with the developed coastal areas, the express logistics here is also in its infancy, and the total amount of express delivery is not large, so it is impossible to sort by robots.

  In his plan, in the future, Nanjiang Express Logistics Park will be a cross-border e-commerce and radiate to Central Asia and Europe. He said that he is from Wenzhou, and Yiwu wholesale market will come to his mind from time to time. Southern Xinjiang is close to the five Central Asian countries and has favorable policies. I believe that cross-border logistics will have great development potential. (The Paper reporter Chen Xuhou)

Nine Wan Li Fengpeng is a Positive Lift —— Written at the Closing of the 14th China Air Show.

  Xinhua News Agency, Guangzhou, November 13th Title: Nine Wan Li Fengpeng Zhengju — — Written at the closing of the 14th China Air Show.

  Xinhua news agency reporter

  The 14th China Air Show ended in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province on the 13th. Air Force J -20, Yun -20 and other 50 types of weapons and equipment were unveiled at the air show. The unmanned aerial vehicles Yun -20, J -16 and Attack -2 flapped their wings for the first time at the China Air Show. The Air Force Bayi Air Show Team and the Air Force Aviation University "Red Eagle" Air Show Team danced in the sky, and the People’s Air Force showed the historic achievements of the new decade with a more open and confident attitude.

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the Red Eagle Air Show Team of Air Force Aviation University performed an air show. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Yu Hongchun)

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the Red Eagle Air Show Team of Air Force Aviation University performed an air show. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Luan Cheng)

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the Air Force Bayi Air Show Team performed an air show. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Yu Hongchun)

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the Air Force Bayi Air Show Team performed an air show. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Yu Hongchun)

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the Air Force Bayi Air Show Team performed an air show. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Yu Hongchun)

  Classic flight shows the openness and confidence of the big country air force

  At 11: 11 on November 11th, four J-20s dressed as "China Heart" roared over zhuhai jinwan airport, and a blue sky feast for the People’s Air Force’s birthday instantly ignited the audience’s enthusiasm. At this year’s China Air Show, the J -20 carried out four-plane formation, two-plane formation and single-plane aerobatic demonstration, and the two planes landed in zhuhai jinwan airport for the first time. "The last time I participated in the air show was in 2018, when my department just installed the J -20. Today, the J -20 has been completely transformed, from the engine to the avionics system. " 歼 -20 pilot Li Weipeng said confidently.

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the air force J -20 fighter plane was displayed. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Luan Cheng)

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the air force J -20 fighter plane was displayed. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Luan Cheng)

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the air force J -20 fighter plane was displayed. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Yu Hongchun)

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the air force J -20 fighter plane was displayed. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Yu Hongchun)

  The inverted flight of the J -16 has also become a classic display action. Inverted flight is a comprehensive test of the basic tactical accomplishment, courage and experience of pilots. 歼 -16 pilot Zhang Yang said: "At this year’s air show, the Air Force Type 50 new equipment was unveiled as a system, and the 歼 -16 air combat has more high-performance partners."

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the air force J -16 fighter plane was displayed. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Luan Cheng)

  Drag through the field, rapid descent, snake maneuver … … Yun -20 made its first public appearance, and carried out a series of flight demonstrations close to actual combat. As a new generation of aerial tanker in China, Yun -20 and the "Three Musketeers" fighters of the Air Force, such as J -20, J -16 and J -10C, have conducted aerial refueling training for many times, which has enhanced the long-range maneuverability of the Air Force aviation.

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the Air Force Bayi Air Show Team performed an air show. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Yu Hongchun)

  The Air Force Bayi Air Show Team also brought the newly arranged performance of "six-machine fight and change direction", which impressed the audience deeply. Li Bin, captain of the Air Force Bayi Air Show Team, said: "To complete this action, the pilot still needs to control the aircraft to roll when doing big overload maneuvers, which reflects the pilot’s excellent flying skills." This year marks the 60th anniversary of the construction of the performance team, and it is also the 10th time for the performance team to participate in the China Air Show. Through this window, everyone saw the magnificent track of the transformation and development of the People’s Air Force.

  The static exhibition area systematically displays the historical achievements of the Air Force in the new era for ten years.

  In the static display area on the ground, the Air Force displayed in a systematic way according to four sections: "air combat and air strike, unmanned and anti-unmanned combat, strategic delivery and airdrop, early warning detection and air defense and anti-missile".

  Behind every static display plane, there is an extraordinary "footprint" — —

  Known as the "God of War", H -6K has flown over bashi channel, Miyako Strait, Ma Haixia Strait and Taiwan Province Strait in recent years, and has flown a new trail of strengthening the country and strengthening the army during the police patrol in the East China Sea, the war patrol in the South China Sea and the Sino-Russian joint air strategic cruise.

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the audience watched the air show on the spot. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Yu Hongchun)

  Yun -20 is the heavy weapon of strategic delivery and the messenger of peace. In the preparation for training, he appeared in the international arena and carried out reloading and airdropping; In the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic and international humanitarian relief, he flew to Tonga, Afghanistan, Pakistan and other countries to deliver much-needed aid to these countries.

  The new air police -500 early warning aircraft, which made its debut in public, has significantly improved its effectiveness in early warning command and long-range offshore operations. From Air Police -2000, kj-200, Air Police -500 and then to the new Air Police -500, the operational effectiveness of the Air Force early warning aircraft has changed from information support to main combat power, from inland coastal areas to plateau and offshore areas, and from basic availability to system core. "From ‘ Air radar station ’ Feicheng ‘ Air command post ’ The early warning aircraft provides strong support for the construction of the air force combat system. " Air Police -500 pilot Li Kang said.

  China Air Show witnessed the transformation of the People’s Air Force. Ten years ago, the Air Force participated in several fighter planes, such as J -10 and J-H -7A. This time, 50 types of brand-new equipment, such as J -20, Yun -20 and Yun -20, were unveiled in a system of air control, ground-to-ground, unmanned, delivery, airborne and air defense. After ten years of hard work, the air force has entered the threshold of strategic air force by going out to sea, going to the plateau, going overseas and deeply uniting.

  Focus on new territory and new quality, accelerate the construction of modern strategic air force

  The rise of unmanned combat forces is an important feature of the development of war towards intelligence. The Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress clearly put forward "increasing the proportion of new territory and new quality combat forces", which injected a strong impetus into the construction of UAV combat field.

  On November 13th, the closing day of the 14th China Air Show, the Air Force attacked -2 UAV for flight demonstration. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Luan Cheng)

  At this year’s air show, the air force’s new domain and new quality combat forces also have a new display. Attack -2 UAV, the first flight demonstration, is a mid-altitude, long-endurance, reconnaissance-and-strike integrated UAV system developed by China, and it is an important weapon to patrol the border and fight terrorism. No reconnaissance -7, reconnaissance -8, reconnaissance -10 and other UAV equipment, static display on the ground. In the new era of training and preparing for war, the UAV unit of the Air Force has been deeply integrated into the actual combat training system, which fully shows that the Air Force has made remarkable progress in using advanced combat means and accelerating the promotion of system capabilities.

  At this year’s air show, the Air Force released a series of innovative events for the first time, distributed "heroic posts" to the society, focused on the construction of new quality forces, sought breakthroughs in technological innovation, offered wisdom and suggestions for the innovative development of the Air Force, and helped the People’s Air Force soar and sail.

  Remember the way you came and live up to Ling Yunzhi! In the new era and new journey, the People’s Air Force will be loyal to the party and live up to the people. It will work hard and bravely at a higher starting point, fly high and sail towards the goal of building the army for a hundred years as scheduled, and fully write the new answer sheet of the People’s Air Force. (Reporter Liu Jimei, Liu Yinuo, Guo Mingzhi, Guo Zhongzheng)